A卷 [学生用书P77(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
It was past
midnight when I saw an email that told me that I had been accepted into the International Summer School at Oslo University, Norway. I woke up everyone at home to tell them that I would be one of five hundred students visiting this beautiful Scandinavian country for ten weeks on a full scholarship(奖学金). My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.
The day I left the country was packed with excitement and nervousness. I slept through the long flight and woke up to the announcement that we had come to Oslo Airport. Now, if I were in India, I would have taken a taxi to my destination, but my online research had taught me that in Oslo, taking a taxi would be considered as a wasteful way. So I took the subway to the university. Upon my arrival, I was told that my room had been arranged and my roommate had settled in. My roommate was a Chinese student, who became my first friend. Though it was sunny outside, I was tired. I realized it was close to midnight. Sunsets during summer are very late in Norway.
I was to study a course on International Development and the class had students from 20 different countries. I worked with my classmates on group projects. Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future. Oslo is a city that has an excellent public transports system. One can get to a sandy beach or forest within minutes. In our free time, we went for hikes and I realized how much I loved being outdoors. I learnt to read maps and picked up Norwegian. The hardest part was getting used to eating dinner at 5：00 pm.
I grew up and into myself during this trip. I came back to my hometown with a bagful of happy memories including my new friends who had helped me and walked with me in this beautiful country.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者获得了一次免费在欧洲学习的机会，这次经历让他受益匪浅。
1．The author’s parents were worried that he couldn’t ________.
A．get a full scholarship
B．take good care of himself
C．learn more about a foreign land
D．communicate with Norwegians well
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.可知，作者的父母担心他第一次出国无法照顾好自己。
2．What can we infer about the author from the passage?
A．He felt terribly homesick in Norway.
B．He hardly spoke Norwegian.
C．He caused many misunderstandings at first.
D．He got along quite well with other students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future.可知，作者和其他同学相处得非常好。
3．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The author’s travel experience in Europe.
B．The author’s friendship with a Chinese student.
C．The author’s first experience of overseas study.
D．The author’s most unforgettable summer holiday.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了作者第一次出国学习的经历。
B
Many people may know Coachella, which is one of the largest, most famous and most profitable(盈利的)music festivals in the United States and all over the world. However, few people know Just for Laughs(JFL). Founded by Montreal producer Gilbert Rozon in 1983, Just for Laughs is the largest international comedy festival in the world. Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.
Just for Laughs was originally a two-day French-only comedy event. In 1985, Andy Nulman joined the festival’s staff and introduced English language events as well. Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences. In 1999, Nulman left the festival’s full-time employ. However, he directed its major shows at the Saint-Denis Theatre every July, and remained on the board of directors of the festival’s parent company. About 11 years later, Nulman returned to Just for Laughs in July 2010 as president of Festivals and Television.
Now Just for Laughs is coming to Africa. A joint venture(合资企业) between the great comedy brand and a South Africa’s company, Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity. The long-term continental partnership was announced during the 35th Montreal Comedy Festival, with the news that the first Just for Laughs Africa will take place in Durban, South Africa.
“We have already set up successful Just for Laughs festivals in many cities beyond Montreal including Toronto, Vancouver and Sydney, and we couldn’t be more excited by this new venture in South Africa，” says Gilbert Rozon, president and founder of the Just for Laughs Group.“The opportunity to bring the experience of the Just for Laughs team to developing African comedy was one we just couldn’t decline,_so we agreed on the partnership，” says Gilbert Rozon.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。蒙特利尔国际喜剧节即将来到非洲，将与南非本土公司合作，推出“非洲轻松一笑”。
4．What can we learn from Paul Ronca’s words?
A．JFL is as popular as Coachella.
B．JFL plays an important role in comedy.
C．JFL has more supporters than Coachella.
D．JFL attracts many people to learning comedies.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.可知，Just for Laughs相当于喜剧界的柯契拉音乐节，在喜剧界有着举足轻重的作用。
5．What achievements did Andy Nulman make?
A．Promoting JFL successfully.
B．Making JFL more profitable.
C．Introducing JFL to South Africa.
D．Helping JFL get more show invitations.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences.可知，Andy Nulman推广Just for Laughs 很成功。
6．Through Just for Laughs Africa, the African comedians are likely to ________．
A．develop more skills
B．make Africa widely known
C．become known worldwide
D．improve the development of comedy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity.可知，Just for Laughs Africa是非洲喜剧演员获得国际知名度的好机会。
7．What does the underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Doubt. B．Explain.
C．Understand. D．Refuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的so we agreed on the partnership...可知，这是一个让Just for Laughs团队帮助非洲本土喜剧发展的好机会，也是我们不能“拒绝”的好机会，所以我们答应了这次合作。
C
When I was 16 years old and in foster care in Tennessee, people told me I was unadoptable. But I desperately wanted a family. I sought the help of a judge, even the commissioner of the Department of Children’s Services, and I was adopted just a week before my 17th birthday.
We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season let’s not forget about the more than 415，000 youth in foster care especially older youth. These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption, but they shouldn’t be. They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child—without all the diapers and potty training.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me. I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me. It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home. They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I’d always have a place to come home to. This is our 17th Thanksgiving together...
My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. However, it’s when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
I was always eager to spend time with my little sister, Beth. She was six when I joined the family. My dad always says he knew we were really sisters, and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight. Today, she’s one of my best friends, and I’m her biggest cheerleader.
There were also bittersweet Thanksgivings. One we spent in my mom’s hospital room. It was there that she helped me plan my wedding but passed away three weeks before the ceremony. My dad walked me down the aisle, and my sister was my maid of honor. Because of our bond, we were able to support each other through that challenging time and that’s what family is for—the good and bad times.
It’s nice having my dad and sister to share holidays and special occasions. But they’re even more important when it comes to the little things—like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world.
I’m so glad that I didn’t listen to those people who said I was unadoptable, I’d never find a family, and that I was putting myself out there for rejection. It’s a risk for older foster youth to consider adoption. It’s_an_opportunity_to_be_rejected_once_again. But it’s a risk they should take because life doesn’t end at 18. It’s really just beginning.
If you know someone who might consider adopting an older teen, please share my story—and have him or her think of my family. They didn’t get to see my first steps or watch me be a pilgrim in my second grade Thanksgiving play. But they taught me so many things about life, and were there to watch me walk across the stage when I graduated from college and law school and accompanied me to the White House last year as I was honored for my work helping foster youth.
I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family, and I’m eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她被领养后的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。
8．What contributes to the author’s feeling that she can’t imagine being alone in the world?
A．The family’s giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift.
B．The author’s spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17 years.
C．The mother’s failing to attend the author’s wedding ceremony for her severe disease.
D．The family’s always sharing happiness and sorrow with her.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段中的like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world. 如有人分享我糟糕的一天，庆祝我工作上的晋升，或帮助我做出一个艰难的决定。就是这些时刻让我不能想象独自一人在世界上。可知家庭总是与她分享快乐和悲伤让她不能想象独自一人在这个世界上。故选D。
9．What does adoption for older youth really mean?
A．It means not living alone any longer.
B．It means being taken good care of by others.
C．It means being successful in career.
D．It means being loved and a sense of belonging.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. 他们像小孩子一样需要并值得拥有一个家庭。可知对大龄的青少年来说，被领养意味着被爱和归属感。故选D。
10．The underlined sentence “It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.” in Paragraph 8 means that ________．
A．older teens take the opportunity to be adopted
B．older teens are less likely to be adopted
C．older teens create the opportunity to be adopted
D．older teens are in danger of being adopted
B 解析：句意理解题。 It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.这是一个再次被拒绝的机会，那是因为年龄较大的青少年不太可能被收养。故选B。
11．What’s the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To express her appreciation for her family.
B．To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth.
C．To appeal to more people to adopt the older youth.
D．To persuade the readers not to believe others’ words.
C 解析：写作意图题。本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。故选C。
七选五
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 1.________ Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 2.________
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 3.________ If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
4．________ Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 5.________ At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.
A．It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.
B．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
C．Everyone was new to the network once.
D．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.
E．When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F．You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G．If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.
【解题导语】 互联网为我们提供了一个全新的在线世界，我们可以在网上见面、聊天，并且能够去我们以前从未到过的地方。但是，就像面对面聊天一样，网络交流也需要遵守一些规则。
1．D 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空前there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line可知，接下来会介绍网络交流中的一些行为准则，再根据空后Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.可知，这里说的是换位思考，D项“基本规则很简单：以你希望得到对待的方式来对待别人。”串联上下文，故选D。
2．B 解析：考查上下文联系。ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？”可知，本段讲的是，在说话之前应该想清楚是否要当面说出来，B项中的“saying the words to the person’s face”与前一句相呼应，故选B。
3．F 解析：考查上下文联系。根据your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.可知，如果聊天室里有人对你无礼，你不应该反击他，而是应该忽视那个人或屏蔽掉他的信息，F项符合语境，故选F。
4．C 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后Offer advice when asked by newcomers可知，本段讲的是，应该为新手提供建议，包容他们所犯的错误。因为每个人在刚开始时对网络都是陌生的，故选C。
5．G 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．可知，这里说的是如果你想指出别人的错误，应该用一种礼貌的方式指出来，同时，如果是自己错了，你应该改正错误并向他人道歉，故选G。
B卷 [学生用书P79(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Just reading
Facebook posts—without posting messages or responding to comments—makes users feel bad about themselves, some studies have discovered. A 2015 study at the University of Michigan, for example, found that students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.
Researchers think that users who only read posts may be always comparing their own lives to others’ posts and feel they’re coming up short. Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication. This is necessary and important for a healthier state of mind.“In general, when people spend a lot of time passively(被动地) receiving information—reading, but not interacting(交流) with people—they report feeling worse afterward，” said an unusual Facebook blog post.
The research appears to be bad news for Facebook, but Facebook itself is getting the negative news known to the public. In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site, the blog noted. Research has also found that “interacting with people—especially sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and thinking of past interactions—is connected with improvements in well-being”．
One commenter to the Facebook blog post noted that it’s “no surprise that your conclusions—encouraging‘active’ Facebook use—are connected with Facebook’s business interests. It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever—for our own good！”
The company has faced a lot of negative news about Facebook. Former Facebook Vice President Chamath Palihapitiya told Stanford University graduate business students that social media are destroying society. Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，只在Facebook上浏览文章而不分享动态或与他人互动会使人心情变差。
1．What did the 2015 study mainly show?
A．Not all users considered Facebook useful.
B．Using Facebook in the right way could benefit us.
C．Not all people loved interacting with others on Facebook.
D．Passively using Facebook negatively affected users’ moods.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.可知，这个研究表明：在Facebook上只浏览信息而不主动与他人互动会影响心情。
2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Avoiding comparing ourselves with others.
B．Reading the posts on Facebook positively.
C．Interacting with others face to face.
D．Sharing experiences on Facebook.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前的Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication.可知，此处是指面对面交流对于保持一个健康的心态很重要，故This指代与他人面对面交流。
3．Why did Facebook make the findings known to the public?
A．To encourage people to use Facebook more.
B．To show Facebook’s concern about its users.
C．To apologize to its users for the bad influence.
D．To prove the importance of human interaction.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site...及第四段中的It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever...可知，Facebook这样做是为了鼓励用户在该平台更活跃，即鼓励人们多使用该网站。
4．From what Chamath Palihapitiya said, we learn that ________．
A．Facebook has some disadvantages
B．Facebook is facing serious challenges
C．Facebook disappoints the public deeply
D．Facebook is improving some students’ life
A 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”可知，Facebook存在一些弊端。
完形填空
Billy Arjan Singh was a wildlife expert in India.Singh__1__ big cat cub orphans(幼崽孤儿)，such as leopards(豹) and tigers.__2__Singh，one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm was named Harriet.But，she was not a(n)__3__．Singh taught Harriet how to__4__in the wild.
__5__Singh released Harriet to the forest，he kept track of her for a while.He__6__when Harriet went away to have cubs of her own.At that time he__7__he would never see her again.
Then，floods came to the river and the forest.Harriet and her two cubs were in danger.__8__she had lived in the wild for years，Harriet__9__the place where she had been safe as a cub.She took one of her cubs in her mouth.Then，Harriet swam across the river to Singh’s__10__，walked into the kitchen，and put her cub on the floor.Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house too.Singh’s cook moved out and __11__the kitchen to the leopards!
Harriet watched the __12__every day.One day，Harriet swam across the river to see her home.She decided that her home was__13__．She took the first cub across the river，__14__the current in the river was strong and it was__15__for her to swim back to the farm.
Harriet knew that she should not__16__across with the second cub.__17__，Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in.When Singh__18__Harriet，he knew that she needed__19__．Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.Harriet and her cubs were at home in the wild__20__．Singh never saw her again after that.
【解题导语】 本文是记叙文。Singh 将他从小养大的豹子Harriet放回大自然，本以为再也见不到她了，没想到一次洪水又让他们重逢。在Singh的帮助下Harriet带领小豹子重回家园。
1. A．got tired of B．took care of
C．made use of D．took advantage of
B 解析：根据上一句中的Singh was a wildlife expert及下一句中的one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm可知，Singh的工作就是“照顾(took care of)”大型猫科动物的幼崽。
2．A.Because of B．According to
C．Except for D．In relation to
B 解析：根据语境可知，Singh说有一只叫Harriet的豹子在他的农场长大。According to表示“据……所说”。
3．A.friend B．animal
C．cat D．pet
D 解析：根据下文中的released Harriet to the forest可知，Harriet不是“宠物(pet)”，所以Singh将她放回大自然。
4．A.explore B．disappear
C．live D．hide
C 解析：根据本句中的in the wild可知，Singh教Harriet如何在野外“生活(live)”。
5．A.After B．Before
C．When D．Until
A
6．A.doubted B．knew
C．asked D．guessed
B 解析：根据文中的he kept track of her for a while可知，Singh将Harriet放回大自然“之后(After)”，继续跟踪了她一段时间。所以Singh“知道(knew)”Harriet生下了小豹子。
7．A.imagined B．expected
C．suggested D．thought
D 解析：根据上文中的Harriet went away to have cubs of her own可知，Harriet有了自己的孩子，Singh“认为(thought)”他再也见不到Harriet了。
8．A.Though B．Unless
C．If D．For
A
9．A.destroyed B．remembered
C．missed D．hated
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，“尽管(Though)”Harriet在野外生活了好多年，但是她仍然“记得(remembered)”小时候温暖的家。
10．A.hometown B．hotel
C．office D．house
D 解析：根据下文中的brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，Harriet 带着她的孩子来到了Singh的“家(house)”。
11．A.left B．returned
C．sent D．showed
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh’s cook moved out可知，Singh的厨师将厨房“留给(left)”Harriet。
12．A.cook B．food
C．river D．enemy
C 解析：根据上文中的floods came to the river可知，Harriet 天天观察“河流(river)”的情况。
13．A.beautiful B．far
C．safe D．warm
C 解析：根据下一句中的She took the first cub across the river可知，Harriet在确认“安全(safe)”后才将小豹子带过河。
14．A.and B．but
C．so D．or
B
15．A.difficult B．pleasant
C．important D．possible
A 解析：根据本句中的the current in the river was strong可知，“但是(but)”水流湍急，Harriet游回农场很“困难(difficult)”。
16．A.jump B．run
C．walk D．swim
D
17．A.First B．Instead
C．Once D．Besides
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in可知，Harriet知道自己无法带着第二只小豹子“游(swim)”过河了，所以她“改为(Instead)”去找Singh寻求帮助。
18．A.saw B．found
C．forgot D．followed
A
19．A.change B．hope
C．help D．praise
C 解析：根据下文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，当Singh“看见(saw)”Harriet的时候，他知道她需要“帮助(help)”。
20．A.again B．already
C．too D．alone
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，在Singh的帮助下，Harriet和她的小豹子们又“重新(again)”回到了他们的家。
语法填空
The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began. The theory insists that our universe 1.____________(create) when a tiny and super-hot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly. It 2.____________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3.____________ we are familiar. It is said 4.____________the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago. The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding — perhaps at speeds 5.____________ (great) than light.
Since the late 1960s, the Big Bang theory 6.____________ (be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe. Because 7.____________ (physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates, they are unable 8.____________ (find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang. At the very beginning, our universe may have been an object with nearly-infinite density, 9.____________ perhaps something else. Our instruments and 10.____________ (science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.
1．was created 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe 与 create 之间是被动关系，且 create 所表示的动作发生在过去，故填 was created。
2．finally 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰 cooled 和 formed，故填 finally。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stars and galaxies(银河系), 因该关系代词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，故填 which。
4．that 解析：考查连接词。It is said that... 意为“据说”，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是由 that 引导的从句。
5．greater 解析：考查形容词比较级。由 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填 greater。
6．has been 解析：考查现在完成时。由 Since the late 1960s 可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填 has been。
7．physicists 解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填 physicists。
8．to find 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。be unable to do sth. 意为“没有能力做某事”。
9．or 解析：考查连词。由句意可知， an object with nearly-infinite-density 与 something else 之间是选择关系，故填 or。
10．scientific 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰 methods, 表示“科学的”，故填 scientific。
把视觉错觉和路上的车辆联系在一起时， 人们想到的往往是超速、车祸； 其实科学利用视觉错觉恰恰可以减少此类事情的发生。
Believe it or not, optical illusion(视觉错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion.Bent stripes(条纹), called chevrons(人字形图形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and so drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington, D．C.is planning to repeat Japan’s success.Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive(过度的) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatest-curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially(最初地) cut the average speed of drivers in half.However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．forecast vt.& n． 预测， 预报
2．glance vi.& n. 瞥一眼， 匆匆看
3．approach vi.& vt. 靠近；着手处理
n.靠近；方法；路径
4．narrow adj. 狭窄的
5．grasp vt. 抓紧， 抓牢
6．confuse vt.使糊涂， 使迷惑→confusion n．惶惑；混乱→confusing adj.使人困惑的；令人费解的→confused adj.困惑的；混乱的
7．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论→observation n．观察；观察力；注意；评论
8．hesitate vi.犹豫， 迟疑不决→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇→hesitated adj.犹豫的；踌躇的
9．relief n．轻松， 宽慰→relieve v．救济；减轻；解除
10．firmly adv.牢牢地， 坚定地→firm n．公司；商行 adj.坚定的；结实的 v．(使)变得坚实；确定
1．in_sight 看得到， 在视力范围之内
2．wish_for 盼望， 企盼
3．reach_out 伸出(手)
4．stare_up_at 抬头凝视
5．watch_out_for 留心， 密切注意
6．come_to_one’s_aid 来帮助某人
7．in_relief 轻松地， 宽慰地
8．pay_back 偿还；报答
9．in_the_future 将来
10．get_across (使)越过， (使)横穿马路；(使)被了解
1．状语从句的省略
Once_out_in_the_street(一到大街上), she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
2．that引导同位语从句
As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that_she_was_being_watched_by_a_tall_man_in_a_dark_overcoat(一个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人一直在注视着她)．
3．nowhere to be done到处都不……
The tall man was nowhere_to_be_seen(到处都看不到)．
4．wh-ever引导让步状语从句
Outside, wherever_she_looked(无论她往哪儿看)the fog lay like a thick, grey cloud.
5．find sb.doing发现某人正在做……
Polly found_herself_staring_up_at(发现自己正盯着) the face of an old man with a beard.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why did the bus conductor refuse to take Polly?
A．Because the fog was too heavy for the bus to get to her home.
B．Because the bus couldn’t get to her home.
C．Because the bus service was beyond the time.
D．Because all the bus services were cancelled due to the heavy fog.
2．Why did Polly feel frightened on her way home?
A．The fog got thicker and thicker.
B．She couldn’t get home on time.
C．She thought she met a bad man.
D．She couldn’t find a man in the street.
3．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
A．The fog was very thick in the morning.
B．When she got to Green Park, the weather turned out to be fine.
C．Polly got to Green Park by train.
D．The old man carried an umbrella in his hand.
4．If you are required to give the best title to this passage, it will be “ ________ ”．
A．Heavy Fog B．Help! Help!
C．Fog And Life D．Pay Back Help
答案：1－4.ACCD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.
As Polly observed the passengers on the train是as引导的__________从句；she had a feeling 是主句；that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat是that引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 当波莉观察地铁车厢里的乘客时， 她感觉到有一个穿黑色大衣的高个子男人 ________________她。
答案：时间状语；同位语；一直在注视着
2．As she walked along the narrow street, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone.
本句是一个由并列连词but连接的并列复合句。As she walked along the narrow street是由as引导的____________从句；by the time she reached the corner of the street也是一个____________从句。
[尝试翻译] ____________________________， 她听到了脚步声在靠近， 但当她走到街道的拐角处时， 脚步声消失了。
答案：时间状语；时间状语；当她沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时
Fog①
by Bill Lowe
Fog warning
When Polly left home that morning②，the city was already covered in a grey mist③. At lunch，the radio forecast④ that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon⑤. At four o’clock，Polly left work and stepped⑥ out into the fog. She wondered⑦if the buses would still be running⑧.
No buses to King Street
Once out in the street⑨，she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
‘How far are you going ? ’ the bus conductorB10asked her before he took her fare?.
‘King Street，’said Polly.
‘Sorry，Miss，’replied the man，‘the truth is that it is too foggy? for the bus to? run that? far?. Take the Underground to Green Park. The weather might be better there and you might be able to get a taxi.’
A tall man
As Polly observed? the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat?. At last the train arrived at Green Park station. While the rest of the passengers were getting out?， she glanced? at the faces around her. The tall man was nowhere? to be seen.
①fog[f?ɡ]n.雾
②when引导时间状语从句。
③mist[mIst]n.薄雾；水汽
④forecast['f??kɑ?st](forecast，forecast)vt.& n．预测，预报
⑤that引导宾语从句。
⑥step v．跨步，迈步 n．脚步，步骤 step out 走出去
⑦wonder v．想知道，对……感到疑惑 n．惊奇，奇迹，奇观
⑧if 引导宾语从句，意为“是否”。if 也可引导条件状语从句，此时 if 意为“如果，假如”。
⑨省略结构作状语，补充完整为 Once she was out in the street。 once意为“一……就……”。
conductor[k?n'd?kt?(r)]n.(公交车)售票员；(乐队)指挥
?fare[fe?(r)]n.车费
before引导时间状语从句。
?foggy['f?ɡI]adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的
?too...to...太……而不能……
?that adv.那么，相当于so。
?此处第一个that引导表语从句。
?observe[?b'zз?v]vt.观察；注意到；评论
observe sb. do/doing/done 注意到某人做/正在做/做了……
?overcoat['??v?k??t]n.长大衣
?while引导时间状语从句，意为“在……期间，趁”。
?glance[ɡlɑ?ns]vi.& n．瞥一眼，匆匆看
glance at 瞥见，浏览，迅速地看
?nowhere['n??we?(r)]adv.无处，到处都不
雾
比尔·洛
浓雾警报
那天早晨波莉离开家时，整个城市已笼罩在灰色的薄雾中。午餐时分，广播预报说，薄雾将会在下午变成浓雾。四点钟，波莉下了班，步入了浓雾中。她想知道公共汽车是否还会照常运行。
没有到国王街的公共汽车
一来到街上，她就很快地向往常乘车的车站走去。
“您要坐多远？”公共汽车售票员收下她的车费前问道。
“国王街。”波莉答道。
“对不起，小姐，”售票员回答说，“现实情况是雾太浓了，公共汽车跑不了那么远。乘地铁到格林公园吧。那里的天气可能好一点儿，您也许能叫到一辆出租车。”
高个子男人
当波莉观察地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉到有一个穿着黑色大衣的高个子男人一直注视着她。地铁终于到达了格林公园站。趁其他乘客下车的时候，她扫视了一下周围的面孔。到处都看不到那个高个子男人的身影。
Footsteps(
When Polly got to the station entrance(, it was empty. Outside, wherever she looked(the fog lay(like a thick，grey cloud. There was no one in sight( . Polly set off( towards Park Street. As she walked along the narrow( street(, she heard the sound of footsteps approaching(, but by the time she reached the corner of the street, the footsteps were gone. Suddenly Polly felt a rough( hand brush( her cheek，and she heard a man’s voice in her ear saying‘Sorry.’ The man moved away. She could feel her heart beating( with fear(.
The helpful stranger
Then she heard the sound again—soft footsteps behind her. A minute before, she had wished for( someone to come along(. Now she wanted to run, but fear held( her still(. The footsteps seemed close now. Then a man’s voice came out of the darkness(. ‘Is anybody there？’
Polly hesitated(. At last she answered，‘Hello, I think I’m lost.’
A few seconds( later, a hand reached out( and grasped( her arm. Polly found herself staring( up at the face of an old man with a beard(.
‘Maybe I can help you. Which road do you want？’he asked.
‘I live at 86 King Street，’ Polly replied.
‘Just take my hand，’ said the man. ‘Come with me. You’ll be all right.’ He took Polly’s hand. ‘Watch out for( the step here.’
In his other hand the man carried a stick. Polly heard it hit the step.‘I can remember some terrible fogs, but maybe that was before your time. I can’t see your face, but you sound young. How old are you？’
‘Just twenty，’answered Polly.
‘Ah, twenty! A nice age to be．( I was young once. Now we’re at the crossroads(. Turn left here.’
‘I’m quite lost now. Are you sure you know the way？’ Polly was beginning to feel frightened again.
‘Of course. You really shouldn’t feel anxious(.’ He held her hand more firmly(.
footstep['f?tstep]n.脚步(声)
When Polly got...是when引导的时间状语从句。
wherever[we?r'ev?(r)]adv.&conj.无论哪里
she looked 是 wherever 引导的让步状语从句。
lie vi.(平)躺，存在于，位于。过去式为lay，过去分词为lain，现在分词为lying。
in sight看得到，在视力范围之内
out of sight 看不见的，在视力范围之外的
set off出发，启程 narrow['n?r??]adj.狭窄的
As she walked along...是as引导的时间状语从句。
approach[?'pr??t?]vi.&vt.靠近；着手处理 n．靠近；方法；路径；approach用作名词时，后多接介词to。
rough adj.粗糙的，粗略的，狂暴的
brush vt.轻擦，轻拂，刷，掠过 n．刷子，毛刷，画笔
此处是 feel sth.doing结构，beating作宾语补足语。
with fear害怕地，with表示原因。
wish for盼望，企盼(＝long for)
come along出现，到达
hold vt.(使某人)保持某种姿势 hold→held→held
still adj.静止的，不动的
darkness['dɑ?kn?s]n.黑暗
hesitate['hezIteIt]vi.犹豫，迟疑不决
don’t hesitate to do sth.不要犹豫做某事，尽管做某事
second n．秒，片刻 reach out伸出(手)
grasp[ɡrɑ?sp]vt.抓紧，抓牢
stare[ste?(r)]vi.凝视，盯着看 stare up at抬头凝视
found herself staring...是“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。
beard[bI?d]n.胡须，络腮胡子
watch out for留心，密切注意
A nice age to be.补充完整应为：It is a nice age to be twenty.。
crossroads['kr?sr??dz]n.十字路口
at the crossroads在十字路口
anxious['??k??s]adj.焦虑，忧虑
be anxious to do sth.急于做某事
firmly['f??mlI]adv.牢牢地，坚定地
firm作副词时，表示“坚固地”；而firmly表示“坚决地，坚定地”。
脚步声
当波莉到达车站入口处时，那里空无一人。外面，无论她往哪儿看，雾像浓密的灰云一样聚积着。一个人也看不到。波莉向公园街走去。当她沿着那条狭窄的街道行走时，她听到了脚步声在靠近，但当她走到街道的拐角处时，脚步声消失了。突然，波莉感到有一只粗糙的手拂过她的脸颊，并且她还听到了一个男人在她耳边说“对不起”的声音。那个男人走开了。她能感到她的心脏因害怕而怦怦直跳。
热心的陌生人
然后，她又听到了那种声音——在她身后响起的轻柔的脚步声。一分钟前，她还盼望着有人朝她走过来。现在她想跑，可恐惧让她挪不动脚步。脚步声这会儿似乎已经离她很近了。接着，黑暗中传来一个男人的声音：“有人吗？”
波莉犹豫了。最终她还是回答道：“你好，我想我是迷路了。”
几秒钟后，一只手伸出来抓住了她的胳膊。波莉发现自己正盯着一张长着络腮胡子的老人的脸。
“也许我能帮你。你想去哪条路？”他问道。
“我住在国王街86号，”波莉答道。
“只要拉着我的手就成，”老人说，“跟着我走，不会有事儿的。”他拉着波莉的手。“当心这里的台阶。”
老人的另一只手攥着一根手杖。波莉能听见它敲击台阶的声音。“我还记得几次糟糕的大雾，不过那可能都是在你出生之前的事了。我看不见你的脸，但你听起来挺年轻的。你多大了？”
“刚20岁，”波莉答道。
“啊，20岁！多好的年纪啊。我也年轻过。现在我们到十字路口了。在这里向左拐。”
“我现在是彻底迷路了。您肯定您认识路吗？”波莉又开始感到害怕了。
“当然了，你真的不该感到担心。”老人将她的手握得更紧了。
The grateful( helper(
‘Here we are.( King Street.’ He stopped.
‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid(，’ said Polly in relief(.‘Would you like to come( in and rest for a while(？’
‘It’s very nice of you(，’ said the man，‘but I’ll be off(. There may be more people lost today, and I’d like to help them. You see, a fog this( bad is rare(. It gives me the chance to pay back( the help that people give me( when it’s sunny. A blind person like me can’t get across( the road without( help, except in a fog like this.’
grateful['ɡreItfl]adj.感激的，表示感谢的 be grateful to sb.对某人表示感激 be grateful for sth.感激/感谢某事
helper['help?(r)]n.帮助者
Here we are.(＝We’ve arrived.)我们(终于)到了。
aid[eId]n.&vt.帮助 come to one’s aid来帮助某人
relief[rI'li?f]n.轻松，宽慰 in relief欣慰地
would like to do sth.想要/愿意做某事
for a while一会儿，一段时间
It’s very nice of you.常用于表示感谢。
be off(＝leave)离开
this在这里是副词，表示“如此”，相当于so。
rare adj.稀有的，罕见的
pay back报答，偿还 that引导定语从句，修饰help。
get across通过；将(想法、信息等)传达给
can’t ...without...没有……无法……
感恩的帮助者
“我们到国王街了。”老人停住了脚步。
“非常感谢您帮我，”波莉如释重负地说。“您愿意进来休息会儿吗？”
“你真客气，”老人说道，“不过我还是得走了，今天可能还会有更多人迷路，我想帮助他们。你瞧，像今天这么大的雾是很少见的。这给了我机会来回报晴天时人们给我的帮助。像我这样的盲人没有(别人的)帮助是根本过不了马路的，除非是在这样的浓雾里。”
A卷 [学生用书P77(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
It was past
midnight when I saw an email that told me that I had been accepted into the International Summer School at Oslo University, Norway. I woke up everyone at home to tell them that I would be one of five hundred students visiting this beautiful Scandinavian country for ten weeks on a full scholarship(奖学金). My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.
The day I left the country was packed with excitement and nervousness. I slept through the long flight and woke up to the announcement that we had come to Oslo Airport. Now, if I were in India, I would have taken a taxi to my destination, but my online research had taught me that in Oslo, taking a taxi would be considered as a wasteful way. So I took the subway to the university. Upon my arrival, I was told that my room had been arranged and my roommate had settled in. My roommate was a Chinese student, who became my first friend. Though it was sunny outside, I was tired. I realized it was close to midnight. Sunsets during summer are very late in Norway.
I was to study a course on International Development and the class had students from 20 different countries. I worked with my classmates on group projects. Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future. Oslo is a city that has an excellent public transports system. One can get to a sandy beach or forest within minutes. In our free time, we went for hikes and I realized how much I loved being outdoors. I learnt to read maps and picked up Norwegian. The hardest part was getting used to eating dinner at 5：00 pm.
I grew up and into myself during this trip. I came back to my hometown with a bagful of happy memories including my new friends who had helped me and walked with me in this beautiful country.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者获得了一次免费在欧洲学习的机会，这次经历让他受益匪浅。
1．The author’s parents were worried that he couldn’t ________.
A．get a full scholarship
B．take good care of himself
C．learn more about a foreign land
D．communicate with Norwegians well
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的My parents were delighted but anxious about how I’d manage on my own in a foreign land for the first time.可知，作者的父母担心他第一次出国无法照顾好自己。
2．What can we infer about the author from the passage?
A．He felt terribly homesick in Norway.
B．He hardly spoke Norwegian.
C．He caused many misunderstandings at first.
D．He got along quite well with other students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Team work brought us closer as a unit. We realized we shared similar dreams about our future.可知，作者和其他同学相处得非常好。
3．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．The author’s travel experience in Europe.
B．The author’s friendship with a Chinese student.
C．The author’s first experience of overseas study.
D．The author’s most unforgettable summer holiday.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了作者第一次出国学习的经历。
B
Many people may know Coachella, which is one of the largest, most famous and most profitable(盈利的)music festivals in the United States and all over the world. However, few people know Just for Laughs(JFL). Founded by Montreal producer Gilbert Rozon in 1983, Just for Laughs is the largest international comedy festival in the world. Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.
Just for Laughs was originally a two-day French-only comedy event. In 1985, Andy Nulman joined the festival’s staff and introduced English language events as well. Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences. In 1999, Nulman left the festival’s full-time employ. However, he directed its major shows at the Saint-Denis Theatre every July, and remained on the board of directors of the festival’s parent company. About 11 years later, Nulman returned to Just for Laughs in July 2010 as president of Festivals and Television.
Now Just for Laughs is coming to Africa. A joint venture(合资企业) between the great comedy brand and a South Africa’s company, Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity. The long-term continental partnership was announced during the 35th Montreal Comedy Festival, with the news that the first Just for Laughs Africa will take place in Durban, South Africa.
“We have already set up successful Just for Laughs festivals in many cities beyond Montreal including Toronto, Vancouver and Sydney, and we couldn’t be more excited by this new venture in South Africa，” says Gilbert Rozon, president and founder of the Just for Laughs Group.“The opportunity to bring the experience of the Just for Laughs team to developing African comedy was one we just couldn’t decline,_so we agreed on the partnership，” says Gilbert Rozon.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。蒙特利尔国际喜剧节即将来到非洲，将与南非本土公司合作，推出“非洲轻松一笑”。
4．What can we learn from Paul Ronca’s words?
A．JFL is as popular as Coachella.
B．JFL plays an important role in comedy.
C．JFL has more supporters than Coachella.
D．JFL attracts many people to learning comedies.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的Paul Ronca, the festival’s director, describes Just for Laughs as the Coachella of comedy.“If you’re a fan of comedy or work in it, this festival should be at the very top of your list，” he says.可知，Just for Laughs相当于喜剧界的柯契拉音乐节，在喜剧界有着举足轻重的作用。
5．What achievements did Andy Nulman make?
A．Promoting JFL successfully.
B．Making JFL more profitable.
C．Introducing JFL to South Africa.
D．Helping JFL get more show invitations.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的Thanks to Andy Nulman, the festival grew from a two-day show to a month-long event drawing international audiences.可知，Andy Nulman推广Just for Laughs 很成功。
6．Through Just for Laughs Africa, the African comedians are likely to ________．
A．develop more skills
B．make Africa widely known
C．become known worldwide
D．improve the development of comedy
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Just for Laughs Africa will give the African comedians the opportunity of getting international publicity.可知，Just for Laughs Africa是非洲喜剧演员获得国际知名度的好机会。
7．What does the underlined word “decline” in the last paragraph most probably mean?
A．Doubt. B．Explain.
C．Understand. D．Refuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的so we agreed on the partnership...可知，这是一个让Just for Laughs团队帮助非洲本土喜剧发展的好机会，也是我们不能“拒绝”的好机会，所以我们答应了这次合作。
C
When I was 16 years old and in foster care in Tennessee, people told me I was unadoptable. But I desperately wanted a family. I sought the help of a judge, even the commissioner of the Department of Children’s Services, and I was adopted just a week before my 17th birthday.
We have a lot to be grateful for and this holiday season let’s not forget about the more than 415，000 youth in foster care especially older youth. These youth are the most likely to get overlooked for adoption, but they shouldn’t be. They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. Making an older youth a part of your family can bring just as much a joy as adopting a baby or a younger child—without all the diapers and potty training.
My adoption was life changing and probably the best thing that ever happened to me. I still remember the first gift my parents gave to me. It was a Mickey Mouse key chain with a key to their home. They told me that no matter what happened they would always love me and I’d always have a place to come home to. This is our 17th Thanksgiving together...
My first Thanksgiving with my family was a little overwhelming with lots of extended family including grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins. However, it’s when I realized that I would never have to spend another holiday alone and that was truly an amazing feeling.
I was always eager to spend time with my little sister, Beth. She was six when I joined the family. My dad always says he knew we were really sisters, and I was no longer a guest in the house when Beth and I had our first fight. Today, she’s one of my best friends, and I’m her biggest cheerleader.
There were also bittersweet Thanksgivings. One we spent in my mom’s hospital room. It was there that she helped me plan my wedding but passed away three weeks before the ceremony. My dad walked me down the aisle, and my sister was my maid of honor. Because of our bond, we were able to support each other through that challenging time and that’s what family is for—the good and bad times.
It’s nice having my dad and sister to share holidays and special occasions. But they’re even more important when it comes to the little things—like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world.
I’m so glad that I didn’t listen to those people who said I was unadoptable, I’d never find a family, and that I was putting myself out there for rejection. It’s a risk for older foster youth to consider adoption. It’s_an_opportunity_to_be_rejected_once_again. But it’s a risk they should take because life doesn’t end at 18. It’s really just beginning.
If you know someone who might consider adopting an older teen, please share my story—and have him or her think of my family. They didn’t get to see my first steps or watch me be a pilgrim in my second grade Thanksgiving play. But they taught me so many things about life, and were there to watch me walk across the stage when I graduated from college and law school and accompanied me to the White House last year as I was honored for my work helping foster youth.
I look forward to many more Thanksgivings with my family, and I’m eternally thankful they chose me to be a part of their family.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她被领养后的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。
8．What contributes to the author’s feeling that she can’t imagine being alone in the world?
A．The family’s giving the author a Mickey Mouse as a gift.
B．The author’s spending her Thanksgiving with her extended family for 17 years.
C．The mother’s failing to attend the author’s wedding ceremony for her severe disease.
D．The family’s always sharing happiness and sorrow with her.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第七段中的like having someone to share my bad day with, celebrate my promotion at work, or help me think through a difficult decision. It’s in these moments that I just can’t imagine being alone in the world. 如有人分享我糟糕的一天，庆祝我工作上的晋升，或帮助我做出一个艰难的决定。就是这些时刻让我不能想象独自一人在世界上。可知家庭总是与她分享快乐和悲伤让她不能想象独自一人在这个世界上。故选D。
9．What does adoption for older youth really mean?
A．It means not living alone any longer.
B．It means being taken good care of by others.
C．It means being successful in career.
D．It means being loved and a sense of belonging.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的They need and deserve a family just as much as young children do. 他们像小孩子一样需要并值得拥有一个家庭。可知对大龄的青少年来说，被领养意味着被爱和归属感。故选D。
10．The underlined sentence “It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.” in Paragraph 8 means that ________．
A．older teens take the opportunity to be adopted
B．older teens are less likely to be adopted
C．older teens create the opportunity to be adopted
D．older teens are in danger of being adopted
B 解析：句意理解题。 It’s an opportunity to be rejected once again.这是一个再次被拒绝的机会，那是因为年龄较大的青少年不太可能被收养。故选B。
11．What’s the author’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To express her appreciation for her family.
B．To show sympathy to the unadoptable older youth.
C．To appeal to more people to adopt the older youth.
D．To persuade the readers not to believe others’ words.
C 解析：写作意图题。本文主要讲了作者在她16岁时被领养的故事，介绍了她的经历和领养年龄较大的青少年的优点。目的就是要呼吁更多的人领养年龄较大的青少年。故选C。
七选五
The Internet has opened up a whole new online world for us to meet, chat and go where we’ve never been before.
But just as in face to face communication, there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line. 1.________ Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.
For anything you’re about to send: ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？” If the answer is no, rewrite and reread. 2.________
If someone in the chat room is rude to you, your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so. 3.________ If it was caused by a disagreement with another member, try to fix the situation by politely discussing it. Remember to respect the beliefs and opinions of others in the chat room.
4．________ Offer advice when asked by newcomers, as they may not be sure what to do or how to communicate. When someone makes a mistake, whether it’s a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer, be kind about it. If it’s a small mistake, you may not need to say anything. Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before saying anything. Having good manners yourself doesn’t give you license to correct everyone else. 5.________ At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．
It is not polite to ask others personal questions such as their age, sex and marital status. Unless you know the person very well, and you are both comfortable with sharing personal information, don’t ask such questions.
A．It’s natural that there some people who speak rudely or make mistakes online.
B．Repeat the process till you feel sure that you’d feel comfortable saying the words to the person’s face.
C．Everyone was new to the network once.
D．The basic rule is simple: treat others in the same way you would want to be treated.
E．When you send short messages to a person online, you must say something beautiful to hear.
F．You should either ignore the person, or use your chat software to block their messages.
G．If you do decide to tell someone about a mistake, point it out politely.
【解题导语】 互联网为我们提供了一个全新的在线世界，我们可以在网上见面、聊天，并且能够去我们以前从未到过的地方。但是，就像面对面聊天一样，网络交流也需要遵守一些规则。
1．D 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空前there are some rules of behavior that should be followed when on line可知，接下来会介绍网络交流中的一些行为准则，再根据空后Imagine how you’d feel if you were in the other person’s shoes.可知，这里说的是换位思考，D项“基本规则很简单：以你希望得到对待的方式来对待别人。”串联上下文，故选D。
2．B 解析：考查上下文联系。ask yourself, “Would I say this to the person’s face？”可知，本段讲的是，在说话之前应该想清楚是否要当面说出来，B项中的“saying the words to the person’s face”与前一句相呼应，故选B。
3．F 解析：考查上下文联系。根据your instinct(本能) is to fire back in the same manner. But try not to do so.可知，如果聊天室里有人对你无礼，你不应该反击他，而是应该忽视那个人或屏蔽掉他的信息，F项符合语境，故选F。
4．C 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后Offer advice when asked by newcomers可知，本段讲的是，应该为新手提供建议，包容他们所犯的错误。因为每个人在刚开始时对网络都是陌生的，故选C。
5．G 解析：考查上下文联系。根据空后At the same time, if you find you are wrong, be sure to correct yourself and apologize to those that you have offended(冒犯)．可知，这里说的是如果你想指出别人的错误，应该用一种礼貌的方式指出来，同时，如果是自己错了，你应该改正错误并向他人道歉，故选G。
B卷 [学生用书P79(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Just reading
Facebook posts—without posting messages or responding to comments—makes users feel bad about themselves, some studies have discovered. A 2015 study at the University of Michigan, for example, found that students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.
Researchers think that users who only read posts may be always comparing their own lives to others’ posts and feel they’re coming up short. Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication. This is necessary and important for a healthier state of mind.“In general, when people spend a lot of time passively(被动地) receiving information—reading, but not interacting(交流) with people—they report feeling worse afterward，” said an unusual Facebook blog post.
The research appears to be bad news for Facebook, but Facebook itself is getting the negative news known to the public. In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site, the blog noted. Research has also found that “interacting with people—especially sharing messages, posts and comments with close friends and thinking of past interactions—is connected with improvements in well-being”．
One commenter to the Facebook blog post noted that it’s “no surprise that your conclusions—encouraging‘active’ Facebook use—are connected with Facebook’s business interests. It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever—for our own good！”
The company has faced a lot of negative news about Facebook. Former Facebook Vice President Chamath Palihapitiya told Stanford University graduate business students that social media are destroying society. Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，只在Facebook上浏览文章而不分享动态或与他人互动会使人心情变差。
1．What did the 2015 study mainly show?
A．Not all users considered Facebook useful.
B．Using Facebook in the right way could benefit us.
C．Not all people loved interacting with others on Facebook.
D．Passively using Facebook negatively affected users’ moods.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..students who simply read Facebook posts for 10 minutes were in a worse mood by the end of the day than those who posted messages or commented on friends’ posts.可知，这个研究表明：在Facebook上只浏览信息而不主动与他人互动会影响心情。
2．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Avoiding comparing ourselves with others.
B．Reading the posts on Facebook positively.
C．Interacting with others face to face.
D．Sharing experiences on Facebook.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词前的Or users may simply be missing out on face-to-face human communication.可知，此处是指面对面交流对于保持一个健康的心态很重要，故This指代与他人面对面交流。
3．Why did Facebook make the findings known to the public?
A．To encourage people to use Facebook more.
B．To show Facebook’s concern about its users.
C．To apologize to its users for the bad influence.
D．To prove the importance of human interaction.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的In fact, the findings support the company’s push to get users to be more active on the site...及第四段中的It gives Facebook chances to persuade us into sharing, commenting, and posting more than ever...可知，Facebook这样做是为了鼓励用户在该平台更活跃，即鼓励人们多使用该网站。
4．From what Chamath Palihapitiya said, we learn that ________．
A．Facebook has some disadvantages
B．Facebook is facing serious challenges
C．Facebook disappoints the public deeply
D．Facebook is improving some students’ life
A 解析：推理判断题。根据末段中的Palihapitiya said he felt really bad for the role he played in making Facebook so outstanding.“We kind of knew something bad could happen.”可知，Facebook存在一些弊端。
完形填空
Billy Arjan Singh was a wildlife expert in India.Singh__1__ big cat cub orphans(幼崽孤儿)，such as leopards(豹) and tigers.__2__Singh，one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm was named Harriet.But，she was not a(n)__3__．Singh taught Harriet how to__4__in the wild.
__5__Singh released Harriet to the forest，he kept track of her for a while.He__6__when Harriet went away to have cubs of her own.At that time he__7__he would never see her again.
Then，floods came to the river and the forest.Harriet and her two cubs were in danger.__8__she had lived in the wild for years，Harriet__9__the place where she had been safe as a cub.She took one of her cubs in her mouth.Then，Harriet swam across the river to Singh’s__10__，walked into the kitchen，and put her cub on the floor.Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house too.Singh’s cook moved out and __11__the kitchen to the leopards!
Harriet watched the __12__every day.One day，Harriet swam across the river to see her home.She decided that her home was__13__．She took the first cub across the river，__14__the current in the river was strong and it was__15__for her to swim back to the farm.
Harriet knew that she should not__16__across with the second cub.__17__，Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in.When Singh__18__Harriet，he knew that she needed__19__．Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.Harriet and her cubs were at home in the wild__20__．Singh never saw her again after that.
【解题导语】 本文是记叙文。Singh 将他从小养大的豹子Harriet放回大自然，本以为再也见不到她了，没想到一次洪水又让他们重逢。在Singh的帮助下Harriet带领小豹子重回家园。
1. A．got tired of B．took care of
C．made use of D．took advantage of
B 解析：根据上一句中的Singh was a wildlife expert及下一句中的one leopard cub orphan that grew up on his farm可知，Singh的工作就是“照顾(took care of)”大型猫科动物的幼崽。
2．A.Because of B．According to
C．Except for D．In relation to
B 解析：根据语境可知，Singh说有一只叫Harriet的豹子在他的农场长大。According to表示“据……所说”。
3．A.friend B．animal
C．cat D．pet
D 解析：根据下文中的released Harriet to the forest可知，Harriet不是“宠物(pet)”，所以Singh将她放回大自然。
4．A.explore B．disappear
C．live D．hide
C 解析：根据本句中的in the wild可知，Singh教Harriet如何在野外“生活(live)”。
5．A.After B．Before
C．When D．Until
A
6．A.doubted B．knew
C．asked D．guessed
B 解析：根据文中的he kept track of her for a while可知，Singh将Harriet放回大自然“之后(After)”，继续跟踪了她一段时间。所以Singh“知道(knew)”Harriet生下了小豹子。
7．A.imagined B．expected
C．suggested D．thought
D 解析：根据上文中的Harriet went away to have cubs of her own可知，Harriet有了自己的孩子，Singh“认为(thought)”他再也见不到Harriet了。
8．A.Though B．Unless
C．If D．For
A
9．A.destroyed B．remembered
C．missed D．hated
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet went back to get her second cub and brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，“尽管(Though)”Harriet在野外生活了好多年，但是她仍然“记得(remembered)”小时候温暖的家。
10．A.hometown B．hotel
C．office D．house
D 解析：根据下文中的brought the cub to Singh’s house可知，Harriet 带着她的孩子来到了Singh的“家(house)”。
11．A.left B．returned
C．sent D．showed
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh’s cook moved out可知，Singh的厨师将厨房“留给(left)”Harriet。
12．A.cook B．food
C．river D．enemy
C 解析：根据上文中的floods came to the river可知，Harriet 天天观察“河流(river)”的情况。
13．A.beautiful B．far
C．safe D．warm
C 解析：根据下一句中的She took the first cub across the river可知，Harriet在确认“安全(safe)”后才将小豹子带过河。
14．A.and B．but
C．so D．or
B
15．A.difficult B．pleasant
C．important D．possible
A 解析：根据本句中的the current in the river was strong可知，“但是(but)”水流湍急，Harriet游回农场很“困难(difficult)”。
16．A.jump B．run
C．walk D．swim
D
17．A.First B．Instead
C．Once D．Besides
B 解析：根据下文中的Harriet took her cub in her mouth，walked to Singh’s boat，and jumped in可知，Harriet知道自己无法带着第二只小豹子“游(swim)”过河了，所以她“改为(Instead)”去找Singh寻求帮助。
18．A.saw B．found
C．forgot D．followed
A
19．A.change B．hope
C．help D．praise
C 解析：根据下文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，当Singh“看见(saw)”Harriet的时候，他知道她需要“帮助(help)”。
20．A.again B．already
C．too D．alone
A 解析：根据上文中的Singh rowed(划船) the leopards to the forest.可知，在Singh的帮助下，Harriet和她的小豹子们又“重新(again)”回到了他们的家。
语法填空
The Big Bang theory is science’s best explanation of how the universe began. The theory insists that our universe 1.____________(create) when a tiny and super-hot mass exploded and began expanding very rapidly. It 2.____________(final) cooled and formed into the stars and galaxies(银河系) with 3.____________ we are familiar. It is said 4.____________the event happened approximately 15 billion years ago. The event of the Big Bang was space itself expanding — perhaps at speeds 5.____________ (great) than light.
Since the late 1960s, the Big Bang theory 6.____________ (be) the main explanation for the birth of our universe. Because 7.____________ (physics) have not yet found a convincing theory that explains how gravity operates, they are unable 8.____________ (find) theories as to what happened after the Big Bang. At the very beginning, our universe may have been an object with nearly-infinite density, 9.____________ perhaps something else. Our instruments and 10.____________ (science) methods may need to be fully improved before any further progress is made.
1．was created 解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。universe 与 create 之间是被动关系，且 create 所表示的动作发生在过去，故填 was created。
2．finally 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰 cooled 和 formed，故填 finally。
3．which 解析：考查关系代词。此处为由“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 stars and galaxies(银河系), 因该关系代词在从句中作介词 with 的宾语，故填 which。
4．that 解析：考查连接词。It is said that... 意为“据说”，其中 It 是形式主语，真正的主语是由 that 引导的从句。
5．greater 解析：考查形容词比较级。由 than 可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填 greater。
6．has been 解析：考查现在完成时。由 Since the late 1960s 可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填 has been。
7．physicists 解析：考查名词。设空处作主语，表示“物理学家”，又因谓语动词为复数形式，故填 physicists。
8．to find 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。be unable to do sth. 意为“没有能力做某事”。
9．or 解析：考查连词。由句意可知， an object with nearly-infinite-density 与 something else 之间是选择关系，故填 or。
10．scientific 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰 methods, 表示“科学的”，故填 scientific。
课件48张PPT。Unit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesUnit 1 The world of our sensesforecastglanceapproachnarrowgraspconfuseobservehesitaterelieffirmlyin sightwish forreach outstare up atwatch out forcome to one’s aid in reliefpay backin the futureget acrossOnce out in the streetthat she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoatnowhere to be seenwherever she lookedfound herself staring up at
