品句填词
1．We saw lights in the ____________(远处)．
答案：distance
2．It doesn’t ____________(适合) you to have your hair cut short.
答案：suit
3．The flower show ____________(吸引) large crowds this year.
答案：attracted
4．Try to keep ____________(镇静) and just tell me what happened.
答案：calm
5．On the ____________(相反), it receives a warm welcome.
答案：contrary
6．____________(贴上) the label to your luggage.
答案：Attach
7．How many workmen do you ____________(雇用) at your factory?
答案：employ
8．They’ll be very ____________(可能) to ask for an increase in the budget.
答案：likely
9．The news threw the family into a ____________(惊慌)．
答案：panic
10．She once heard him ____________(小声说) to another girl.
答案：whisper
选词填空
contrary to; mistake...for; result in; watch out for; roll up
1．Perhaps he had ____________ me ____________ someone else.
答案：mistaken；for
2．____________ popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
答案：Contrary to
3．He ____________ all the windows.
答案：rolled up
4．Their dispute ____________ war.
答案：resulted in
5．They are ____________ further development.
答案：watching out for
完成句子
1．亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is ________________ large ________ Europe.
答案：four times as；as
2．小女孩突然静了下来， 开始用好奇的眼光观察四周。
Suddenly the girl ____________ and began looking curiously all around.
答案：calmed down
3．结果， 他们赞同我的建议， 一切按计划顺利进展。
____________， they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.
答案：As a result
4．他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella ____________．
答案：by mistake
5．他很容易受伤， 因为他很轻易就相信别人。
He ________________ because he always trusts people easily.
答案：is likely to get hurt
课文语篇改错
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are reporting to have attacked humans.
There are many types of danger sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you by a fish and attacks you, but where it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of the sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean that you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark attack you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can be hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
答案：
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are to have attacked humans.
There are many types of sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you a fish and attacks you, but it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
A卷 [学生用书P85(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The car runs twice ____________(fast) than that truck.
答案：faster
2．Though there is a long ____________ between Tom and his family, they don’t feel ____________．(distance)
答案：distance；distant
3．The accident resulted ____________ the death of two passengers.
答案：in
4．We are always mistaking him ____________ his twin brother.
答案：for
5．He was busily ____________(employ) in writing his essay.
答案：employed
6．I think this place is ____________(suit) for you to sell souvenirs to tourists, but don’t put your prices too high or you’ll frighten them off.
答案：suitable
7．What you have done is contrary ____________ the doctor’s orders.
答案：to
8．What are those two ____________(whisper) to each other about?
答案：whispering
9．The picture is ____________(attach) to the wall by a nail.
答案：attached
10．He took a few deep breaths to calm himself ____________．
答案：down
阅读理解
A
Frank Lloyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years.He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today.
Last week, the United States nominated(提名)10 of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization—or UNESCO—the World Heritage List.The World Heritage List recognizes the most important cultural and natural sites worldwide.
The 10 buildings, titled“Key Works of Modern Architecture by Frank Lloyd Wright”were built between 1906 and 1969.They include several of his personal homes and studios, churches, government buildings, private residences, and one very famous museum—New York City’s Guggenheim Museum.
The Solomon R．Guggenheim Museum is one of the most visited sites in New York City.About one million people visit it every year.Frank Lloyd Wright worked on it from 1943 to 1959.It was designed to create a new type of space for new types of art.The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.
Many of Mr Wright’s modern buildings and homes in the US Midwest have also become symbols of modern American architecture.Richard Longstreth is the president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy.He calls Mr Wright“the father of modern architecture, fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century that would have enduring impacts of modern architecture worldwide”．
The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.If Frank Lloyd Wright’s 10 buildings were chosen for the list, they would be the first World Heritage listings for modern US architecture.The World Heritage List already includes 22 other American sites, including the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone National Park and the Statue of Liberty.
【解题导语】 美国正在把享有“美国现代建筑之父”美誉的建筑师Frank Lloyd Wright设计的10个著名的建筑申请加入联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果要到2020年6月才能确定。
1．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．Mr Wright’s designs are out of style today
B．Mr Wright’s designs have been widely recognized
C．Mr Wright’s designs on modern buildings and homes are a failure
D．Mr Wright is the owner of ten buildings
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知， 虽然Frank Lloyd Wright的作品大多是在1900年至 20 世纪 50 年代创作的， 但他的开放的生活空间和富有想象力的设计在今天仍然显得现代。因此可知， 他的建筑设计理念一直很受欢迎， 故选B。
2．Which of the following statements about Guggenheim Museum is TRUE?
A．It is a masterpiece showing Mr Wright’s unique design.
B．It is a good example of traditional design.
C．It is the most famous site in New York City.
D．It is the symbol of New York City.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.可知， 古根海姆博物馆是代表Wright先生独特设计的一个建筑。故选A。
3．In which section of the newspaper can you probably find this article?
A．News. B．Science.
C．Biography. D．Economy.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.推断， 本文是时事新闻类， 所以应该在新闻类栏目内， 故选A。
4．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Frank Lloyd Wright—the Father of American Modern Architecture
B．The World Heritage List—Cultural Collection Worldwide
C．Guggenheim Museum—International Symbol of modern Architecture
D．Frank Lloyd Wright’s Buildings—On the Way to World Heritage List
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第二段和最后一段可知， 本文是在介绍被誉为美国现代建筑之父的Frank Lloyd Wright的10个著名的建筑正在申请联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果将在2020年6月才能确定。故选D。
B
An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers(操作杆). One lever would set free corn(谷物) with every five pecks(啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.
People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.
If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and you’re required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there won’t be a rush at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You can truly celebrate a project well done.
Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more. What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward after completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。
5．What will probably happen if you’re allowed to finish a task in a long time?
A．You may expect others to help you.
B．You won’t be patient to continue it.
C．It won’t be finished as well as expected.
D．It will appear more and more difficult and boring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作达不到预期的效果。
6．What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Warn. B．Forbid.
C．Remind. D．Encourage.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement...可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你开始从事下一部分的工作。
7．What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The importance of finishing your project on time.
B．The benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.
C．How to keep active in your work.
D．How to set rewards wisely in life.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。
语法填空
Carpooling is when a driver offers to take passengers in exchange for some money for petrol. As 1.____________ result, carpooling can be 2.____________ (cheap) than public transport because everyone in the car shares the cost of petrol. I 3.____________ (recent) did carpooling for the first time and it was very easy to find a driver. I used a website 4.____________ lists drivers’ profiles(简介) and found someone who was going to the same place as me. A lot of information can 5.____________ (see) in the profiles such as their first name, age and gender (性别) as well as reviews from other passengers. I decided 6.____________ (travel) with a lady who had very good reviews.
I found carpooling to be a(n) 7.____________ (impress) experience. Not only was the trip very cheap, but the driver and the other passengers were really friendly. They were all French so I had the chance to practise 8.____________(speak) some French. When I waved goodbye to them, a thought suddenly occurred to me 9.____________ carpooling could be the future of travel. Both drivers and passengers can benefit 10.____________ this form of travel. It saves money, and perhaps more importantly, carpooling provides a fantastic opportunity to meet interesting people on your travels.
1．a 解析：考查固定结构。As a result意为“结果”。
2．cheaper 解析：考查形容词比较级。由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填cheaper。
3．recently 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰did，故填recently。
4．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰website，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
5．be seen 解析：考查被动语态。information与see之间是被动关系，故填be seen。
6．to travel 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。decide后接带to的不定式作宾语，故填to travel。
7．impressive 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰experience，表示“令人印象深刻的”，故填impressive。
8．speaking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。practise后接动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语。故填speaking。
9．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明thought的具体内容，且设空处在从句中不作成分，故填that。
10．from 解析：考查介词。benefit from...意为“受益于……”。
B卷 [学生用书P87(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Most people
have experienced ostracism(孤立) as an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldn’t keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.
A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.
The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.
“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and don’t care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。
1．What do outsiders think of ostracism?
A．It is always unfair.
B．It is unkind to others.
C．It can be accepted at times.
D．It can help people keep calm.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable...可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．There are 2，785 volunteers totally in the studies.
B．The ostracized people behave differently from others.
C．These studies examine the evidence of people’s differences.
D．People are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。
3．The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when ________．
A．the person had annoyed them
B．there were more similarities among them
C．their ideas were taken no notice by the person
D．they wanted to have no relationship with the person
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的．..when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。
4．What’s Rudert’s suggestion on the ostracism?
A．Giving support to the ostracized people.
B．Paying more attention to the ostracized people.
C．Knowing about the actual situation before judging.
D．Avoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的．..you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。
完形填空
It happened to me last week. I went duck hunting and took my four-legged __1__ along. I went into a muddy lake and got stuck. __2__， my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline. That day, I wanted to __3__ a duck decoy(诱饵) in the lake. I thought it was something __4__ to do. I didn’t know that __5__ the muddy waters would put my life at risk. When I was __6__ in the lake, my legs got stuck in the thick mud. I couldn’t __7__ my legs and had to find a way to call for __8__．
At that time, my dog was waiting for my __9__ to the shone, but with each passing minute he grew __10__. Fortunately for me, I had my __11__ with me and was able to call 911. However, when rescuers __12__， they knew they would also get stuck in the mud if they tried to reach me. But the dog was the only one able to do the __13__ without getting stuck. Rescuers tied a rope to my dog and had him __14__ me. And that was how my dog became my only lifeline. Once my dog came to me, I untied the rope, tied it to my __15__ and waited for a rescuer to reach me. The rescuer was also tied to the rope and with the help of others back on the safe __16__， I was pulled out from the mud.
If it weren’t for my dog, I would have spent __17__ time in the cold waters when rescuers tried to make a __18__ plan to reach me.
The dog was __19__ before I found it. I took it home and kept it. From my experience, I believe that kindness will be __20__ rewarded.
【解题导语】 作者收养了一条狗，后来这条狗救了他一命，他的好心得到了回报。
1．A.table B．guide
C．friend D．cat
C 解析：作者是带着他的狗去的，他把狗当作是“朋友”，故选C项。
2．A.Strangely B．Surprisingly
C．Interestingly D．Luckily
D 解析：根据my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline可知，幸运的是，狗在自己旁边。故选D项。
3．A.try B．place
C．change D．settle
B 解析：根据作者陷进泥巴里的语境可知，他是第一次去那里，故他是去那里“放”诱饵的。故选B项。
4．A.safe B．boring
C．difficult D．funny
A 解析：作者一开始并不知道进去那个湖里会有危险，认为这是“安全”的行为。故选A项。
5．A.touching B．entering
C．enjoying D．cleaning
B 解析：这里是指“进入”那个湖里。故选B项。
6．A.smiling B．washing
C．walking D．swimming
C 解析：作者陷进了泥巴里，说明他当时在湖里“走动”。故选C项。
7．A.see B．hurt
C．feel D．free
D 解析：根据my legs got stuck in the thick mud可知，作者无法将自己的腿拔出来，故选D项。
8．A.change B．emergency
C．service D．help
D 解析：作者被陷在了那里，他应该想办法寻找“帮助”。故选D项。
9．A.step B．sign
C．return D．boat
C 解析：作者的狗在岸上等作者“返回”。故选C项。
10．A.angry B．worried
C．calm D．excited
B 解析：狗见作者迟迟不上岸，应该“担心”起来了。故选B项。
11．A.cellphone B．purse
C．key D．card
A 解析：根据and was able to call 911可知，作者当时身上带着“电话”。故选A项。
12．A.sailed B．arrived
C．finished D．left
B 解析：这里是指救援人员“到达”之后。故选B项。
13．A.work B．trick
C．study D．project
A 解析：这里是指只有作者的狗能够在湖里游泳而不会陷入泥巴里，即只有它能干这份“活” ，故选A项。
14．A.show B．take
C．reach D．tie
C 解析：根据Rescuers tied a rope to my dog可知，救援人员让那条狗“靠近”作者。故选C项。
15．A.ship B．duck
C．leg D．body
D 解析：为了能够让救援人员将他拉出去，作者应该将绳子系在自己的“身”上。故选D项。
16．A.hill B．rock
C．land D．water
C 解析：那些救援人员在岸上面，故选C项。
17．A.great B．more
C．little D．better
B 解析：如果没有那条狗的帮助，作者得在水里面待“更多的”时间。故选B项。
18．A.serious B．long
C．good D．disappointing
C 解析：为了能够救出作者，救援人员应该想出一个“好的”办法。故选C项。
19．A.homeless B．beautiful
C．strong D．little
A 解析：根据I took it home and kept it.可知，那条狗以前是条“无家可归的”流浪狗。故选A项。
20．A.still B．never
C．hardly D．really
D 解析：作者从这次经历中明白好心“的确”会有回报。故选D项。
短文改错
It’s been a long time since I do something good for the environment.Feel responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea with my friends and we planned to plant the trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place where looked suitable and settled down.We spend a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one to one and buried it deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were such busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
答案：
It’s been a long time since I something good for the environment. responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea my friends and we planned to plant trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place looked suitable and settled down.We a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one one and buried deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．attach vt. 使连在一起， 把……附在……上； 认为……重要
2．whisper vi.& vt. 小声说； 私下说
3．panic vi.& n. 惊慌， 恐慌
4．loose adj. 松动的， 松开的； 宽松的
vt. 松开， 释放
5．distance n．距离；远处→distant adj.遥远的；远房的；冷漠的
6．suit n．套装 vt.适合， 满足需要→suitable adj.适宜的；合适的
7．contrary adj.相反的 n．相反的事实或情况→contradict vt.反驳；与……矛盾
8．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.有吸引力的；有魅力的→attraction n．吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物
9．calm adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.& vi.使平静， 镇静→calmly adv. 平静地；安静地
10．employ vt.使用； 雇佣→employee n．雇员→employer n．雇主
1．contrary_to 和……相反
2．keep_calm 保持冷静
3．mistake...for... 把……误认为……
4．result_in 导致
5．roll_up 卷起来
6．get_lost 迷路
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE about sharks？
A．Among the 400 different types of sharks, only about 40 types attack human beings.
B．The most fierce sharks are the tiger shark and the bull shark.
C．The chance of being attacked by sharks is rather small compared to other dangers.
2．Which of the following ways can help you out of the attacks from sharks?
A．No swimming in the dark, especially alone at night.
B．The fewer people, the fewer chances to attract sharks.
C．Colorful or shining wears.
3．________is the way to save you out of a shark attack.
A．To keep still, not to stir or make the shark angry
B．To pull aside the shark’s jaws to pull yourself out of its mouth
C．To hit the shark on the nose
4．We can conclude from the passage that________.
A．people’s scares to sharks mainly come from the movie Jaws
B．many people die of drowning and lightning
C．knowing the ways sharks attack people and the ways to save oneself can prevent the attacks totally
答案：1－4.CACB
Shark①attacks
There are nearly 400 different types of sharks, but only about 30 types are known to② have attacked③ human beings④. Many people know that the most dangerous shark is the great white shark, probably because they have seen the film Jaws⑤. However⑥， two other⑦ sharks are also rather dangerous: the tiger shark and the bull⑧ shark.
Contrary⑨ to what many people might assumeB10, evidence? shows that sharks seldom attack humans. There are three types of shark attacks. In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for? a fish, but when it tastes human flesh? it decides to give up? and swims away. In the second type, the shark pushes you with its nose to find out if you are fit to be eaten? , and then bites you if it thinks you are?. In the third type, the shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you suddenly. The last two types of attack more often result in? the death of humans.
①shark[?ɑ?k]n.鲨鱼
②are known to ...可转换为It is known that...句式。
③attack vt.袭击，攻击；抨击；非难；侵袭，损害
④human being人类
⑤jaw[d???]n.颌
because...Jaws是because引导的原因状语从句。
⑥however adv.然而，可是
⑦two other 另外两个，other与数词连用时，应放在数词的后面；而another与数词连用时，应放在数词的前面。
⑧bull[b?l]n.公牛
⑨contrary['k?ntr?rI]adj.相反的n.相反的事实或情况
contrary to与……相反
assume vt.假定，设想
what引导名词性从句，作介词to的宾语。
?evidence n．证据，证明；迹象
?mistake...for...把……误认为……
?flesh[fle?]n.(动物或人的)肉 ?give up放弃
?if you...是宾语从句。 to be eaten是动词不定式的被动形式。
?if it thinks you are是条件状语从句。
?result in导致，结果是 result from起因于
鲨鱼攻击
(世界上)有将近400种不同种类的鲨鱼，但我们知道只有约30种鲨鱼攻击过人类。许多人知道最危险的鲨鱼是大白鲨，也许是因为他们看过电影《大白鲨》吧。然而，另外两种鲨鱼也相当危险：虎鲨和牛鲨。
与许多人所想的相反，证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。鲨鱼攻击人类的情形有三种。在主要的情形中，鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼，但当它尝出人肉的味道时，就会决定放弃并游开。在第二种情形中，鲨鱼会用鼻子推搡你，以弄清你是否适合被食用，如果它觉得适合，便会咬你。而在第三种情形中，鲨鱼会等待你游过来，然后突然攻击你。后两种攻击方式对人类来说更可能致命。
To reduce the risk? of a shark attack, you should follow? these suggestions?.
?Do not swim in the dark. Sharks can still see you but you cannot see them.
?Do not go swimming in the ocean if you have a fresh( wound(. Sharks can smell blood over a long distance(.
?Do not wear bright clothing or jewellery(, because sharks are attracted( to the flash of colours and bright objects.
?Stay in groups, as sharks usually avoid( large numbers of( people(.
Recently, shark attacks have been increasing as water sports are becoming more popular(. If a shark attacks you, follow the advice( below.
?Keep calm(. Do not panic(.
?Hit the shark on the nose( with your fist(.
?Stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
Don’t be frightened by sharks: you are 30 times more likely( to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.,?risk n．风险，危险 ?follow vt.遵循
?suggestion n．建议(为可数名词)
fresh adj.新鲜的；清新的，凉爽的
wound n．伤口，创伤vt.使受伤if you have a fresh wound是if引导的条件状语从句。
distance n．距离
jewellery['d?u??lrI]n.珠宝 jewel n．[C]珠宝
attract[?'tr?kt]vt.吸引
avoid vt.避开，避免 avoid后接v.-ing, 不接to do。
large numbers of大量的，许多
a (large)number of与(large)numbers of仅修饰可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
as sharks...people是as引导的原因状语从句。
popular adj.受欢迎的，流行的，通俗的
as water...popular是as引导的时间状语从句。
advice n．建议(为不可数名词)
calm[kɑ?m]adj.镇静的，沉着的，平静的vt.&vi.使平静，镇静
panic['p?nIk]vi.&n.惊慌，恐慌
hit sb. on/in the＋身体部位，the不可以换成one’s。
fist[fIst]n.拳头
likely['laIklI]adj.可能的
为了降低被鲨鱼攻击的风险，你应该遵循这些建议：
?不要在黑暗中游泳。鲨鱼仍然能看得见你，而你却看不见它们。
?如果你有刚受伤的伤口，不要在海洋中游泳。鲨鱼在很远处便能嗅到血腥味。
?不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光吸引。
?集体行动，因为鲨鱼通常会避开人群。
最近，随着水上运动更加普及，鲨鱼攻击事件也在持续增多。如果鲨鱼攻击你，遵循以下建议：
?保持镇静。别惊慌失措。
?用你的拳头击打鲨鱼的鼻子。
?用你的手指戳鲨鱼的眼睛。
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你有可能被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。
The wonderful world of pigeons①
It is night. All is quiet. The soldiers② are asleep while a guard watches for③ the enemy④ . There is a flash, and the sound of guns! They are being attacked! Hundreds of enemy soldiers rush towards them⑤. They are all going to be killed unless they get help⑥. What should they do?
An officer writes a short message quickly on a small piece of paper：‘Being attacked! Hurry！’
He rolls up⑦ the paper and puts it into⑧ a small case, and then reaches into⑨ a cage and gets a bird. Attaching the message toB10its leg, he sets the bird loose?. It immediately? flies into the air and disappears in the dark.
Will the bird arrive in time?？ Will they be saved?
①pigeon['pId?In]n.鸽子 ②soldier['s??ld??(r)]n.士兵
③watch for守候，注意
④while引导时间状语从句，意为“与……同时”。
⑤rush to/towards sb.向某人冲去
⑥unless they get help是unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非”。
⑦roll up卷起来 roll[r??l]vi.&vt.卷起来；(使)滚动
⑧put...into...把……装入……
⑨reach into将手伸进……
⑩attach...to...把……系在/附在……上
?loose[lu?s]adj.松动的，松开的；宽松的vt.松开，释放
?immediately adv.立即conj.一……就……
?in time及时 on time按时
鸽子的奇妙世界
万籁俱寂的夜晚。除了一名哨兵在站岗放哨，所有士兵都在梦乡。突然一道闪光，枪声四起！他们遭到攻击了！数百名敌军士兵冲向了他们。除非获得救援，否则他们全都会被杀死。他们该怎么办呢？
一名军官飞快地在一张小纸片上写道：“受袭！速援！”
他把纸片卷起来，放进一个小盒子里，然后伸手探入一个笼子，捉出一只鸟来。他将信系在它的腿上后，便松开了鸟儿。它立刻飞向天空，消失在黑暗中。
这只鸟会及时到达吗？他们会得救吗？
Though it may seem hard to believe, the bird the officer uses is the same bird often seen in public parks?—the pigeon. Pigeons have a wonderful sense of direction? and can find their way home over long distances. Indeed?， pigeons have been known to fly home from as far away as 1，800 kilometres. That is why pigeons have been used since ancient times? to carry the news or even the mail?. However, it was in war that they found their greatest use?. During both World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ， pigeons were employed? by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories(.
How do pigeons find their way? Pigeons appear to have a compass( inside them that tells them which way is north(. How this compass works( remains( a mystery. Of course, since a compass alone is not enough to find( one’s way, they also appear to use their sight and even their sense of smell to tell( them which way they should go(. Unlike( humans, they never get lost( and can always find their way home.
?though 引导让步状语从句；the officer uses is the...parks是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰bird；seen in public parks是过去分词短语作后置定语。
?a sense of direction方向感
?indeed adv.的确；确实 ?ancient times古代，上古时代
?why引导表语从句，注意：在That is why...句型中why后接结果。
?it was in war that they found their...是强调句型。
?employ[Im'pl?I]vt.使用；雇佣
saving...soldiers与helping...victories是现在分词短语作结果状语。
compass['k?mp?s]n.罗盘；指南针
that...north是that引导的定语从句，修饰a compass; which way is north是which引导的宾语从句。
How this compass works是how引导的主语从句。
remain link-v.仍然是，保持不变
be (not) enough to do sth. (不)足够做某事
tell vt.分辨出；辨别
which way they should go是which引导的宾语从句。
unlike[??n'laIk]prep.不像；与……不同
get lost迷路
虽然这似乎令人难以置信，但是那名军官所用的鸟儿和我们常在公园里看到的一种鸟是相同的——鸽子。鸽子有着极强的方向感，能从很远的地方找到回家的路。确实，据知鸽子能飞行远达1 800千米回到家。这就是鸽子自古以来就被用于携带消息甚至邮件的原因。然而，它们的最大用途却是在战争中被发现的。在第一、二世界大战中，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。
鸽子是怎么认路的呢？鸽子体内似乎有一只罗盘，告诉它们何处是北。这个罗盘是如何工作的仍然是个谜。当然，由于仅靠一只罗盘还不足以认路，它们似乎也使用视觉及至嗅觉去辨明应该走哪条路。和人类不同，它们从不迷路，总是能找到回家的路。
distance n．距离；远处；冷淡， 疏远
(教材P12)In the distance I could hear thunder and see lightning coming. 我能听到远处的雷声以及看见闪电。
(1)in the distance 在远处/方
at a distance (of...) 在(……)远处
from a distance (of...) 从(……)远处
keep a/one’s distance from 与……保持距离
within walking distance 几步之遥
(2)distant adj. 遥远的；远处的
①Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant.
别急——从这儿到餐馆只有短短的距离而已。
②His house is within walking distance of the school.
他家离学校只有几步路。
③She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn’t want to get hurt.
有人告诫她说， 如果不想受到伤害， 就离查尔斯远一点。
④The painting looks better at a distance.
这幅画隔一段距离看起来更好。
⑤What an amazing place London was to me when I saw it in the distance.
我从远处望着伦敦， 觉得它真是一个令人惊奇的地方。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)鲨鱼从半公里外的距离就能闻到血腥味。
A shark can smell blood at_a_distance_of_half_a_kilometer．
(2)你没必要乘出租车去火车站，因为只有几步之遥。
You needn’t go to the railway station by taxi because it is within_walking_distance．
suit n．套装 vt.适合， 满足需要
(教材P15)It was a man in a metal suit.
那是一位穿着金属套装的男士。
(1)suit...to... 使……适合
be suited to/for... 适合……
It suits sb.to do... 适合某人做……
(2)suitable adj. 适合的； 适宜的
be suitable for... 适合于……
be suitable to do... 适宜做……
①I was stopped by an old man in a blue suit.
一位身穿蓝色衣服的老人拦住了我。
②To students, you’d better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.
对学生来说， 你最好选择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。
③Nowadays the water on the earth which is suitable(suit) to drink is becoming less and less.
目前地球上可饮用的水越来越少。
suit
多指合乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位、场合等
match
多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配
fit
多指大小、形状的合适
[巧学活用]——用上述词语的适当形式填空
(1)She matched the carpet with some very nice curtains in colour.
(2)—How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
—That suits me fine.
(3)The coat doesn’t fit me. Would you please change it for a bigger one?
attach vt.使连在一起；把……附在……上；认为……重要
(教材P16)During the operation, Mr Liu had a new hand attached. 在手术中， 刘先生被接上了一只新手。
(1)attach sth.to... 把……附在/固定在……上
attach oneself to... 依附于……
attach importance/significance to...
重视……
(2)attached adj. 依附的， 依恋的
be attached to 附属于……； 依恋/爱慕……
(3)attachment n. 附属物；爱慕
①Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
申请表上请贴一张近照。
②They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了许多条件。
③This research center is attached to Tsinghua University.这家研究中心是附属于清华大学的。
④My parents always attach_great_importance_to my getting a good education.
我父母总是重视让我得到好的教育。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
他如此迷恋网络游戏以至于他经常旷课。
(1)He is so_attached_to_the_network_games_that he is often absent from class.
(2)So_attached_to_the_network_games，he is often absent from class.(过去分词短语作状语)
(3)Attaching_himself_to_the_network_games_so_much，he is often absent from class.(现在分词短语作状语)
whisper vt.& vi.小声说， 私下说 n．[C]耳语
(教材P17)‘My goodness，’ Sandy whispered, as she stepped back.
“天啊，” 桑迪边后退边低语。
(1)whisper (sth.) to sb. 对某人小声说(某事)
whisper about sb./sth. 密谈某人/某事
whisper (to sb.) that... (对某人)小声说……
It is whispered that... 有人私下说……
(2)in a whisper/in whispers 低声说
①He is whispering to his neighbour.
他在对邻座的人耳语。
②I could hear everyone whispering(whisper), “Who in our school could draw that well? ”
我能听到所有人都小声说， “我们学校谁能够画得那么好？ ”
③I heard a whisper that he had been admitted to a university.
我听说他已考入了大学。
④They are talking in a whisper in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.
他们低声交谈以免吵醒正在熟睡的小孩。
whisper后面不能接双宾语， 应该用whisper sth.to sb.或whisper to sb.sth.。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)In order not to be heard by the people around us, I whispered him that I was leaving.whispered后加to
(2)They sat at the back of the room, talking whispers.talking后加in
contrary adj.相反的 n．相反的事实或情况
(教材P18)Contrary to what many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.
与许多人所想的相反， 证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。
(1)be contrary to 与……相反
(2)on the contrary 反之， 正相反
to the contrary 相反地
①Such an attitude is of course totally contrary to reason.这种态度当然是完全违背理智的。
②It wasn’t a good thing; on_the_contrary it was a huge mistake.
那不是件好事， 恰恰相反， 是个巨大的错误。
③Unless there’s evidence to_the_contrary,_we ought to believe him.
除非有反证， 否则我们应该相信他们。
calm adj.镇静的， 沉着的， 平静的
vt.& vi.(使)平静， (使)镇静
(教材P18)Keep calm. 保持镇静。
(1)calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来；
镇静下来
(2)stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静
(3)calmly adv. 镇定地；平静地
①It was difficult to calm her down，as she was too excited.
要使她镇静下来是很困难的， 因为她太激动了。
②He kept calm(calmly) in face of great danger, which surprised us all.
面对巨大危险， 他还能保持镇静， 这使我们都非常吃惊。
③One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest, the next, the air was charged with tension.
有时森林里非常平静， 接下来， 空气中充满了紧张的气氛。
calm
“平静的， 沉着的”， 指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet
“宁静的， 安静的”， 指没有声音， 不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
silent
“寂静的， 沉默的， 不发音的”， 指没有声音或不讲话
still
“静止的， 不动的”， 指没有运动或动作的状态
[巧学活用]——选用上述单词完成小片段
When facing danger, one should keep (1)calm；when taken photos, one should keep (2)still；when someone else is asleep, one should keep (3)quiet；in class, one shouldn’t keep(4)silent about the teacher’s questions.
employ vt.使用；雇佣
(教材P19)During both World War Ⅰ and Ⅱ， pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines, saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.
在第一、二次世界大战中， 鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递信息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。
(1)be employed in... 忙于……
employ oneself (in) doing sth.
从事于或忙于某事
employ...as... 把……用作……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)employment n. 雇佣， 就业
unemployment n. 失业
employee n. 雇工， 雇员
employer n. 雇主
①The company employs 2，000 people worldwide.
这家公司在全世界雇用了2 000名员工。
②Women’s areas of employment(employ) cover a wide range now. 现在妇女就业领域十分广泛。
③The children were employed in building sandcastles.
孩子们忙着堆沙堡。
④The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees(employ) enjoy their work.
公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，在这种气氛中，其员工喜欢他们的工作。
After two years’ unemployment, he has just been employed by a big company.To be a good employee, he employs all his spare time in learning new things about the company.Soon he is promoted by his employer.
失业两年之后， 他被一家大公司雇用了。为了成为一个好员工， 他利用他所有的空余时间学习关于公司的新东西。不久他就被他的雇主提拔了。
mistake...for 把……误当作……
(教材P18)In the main type, the shark attacks you because it mistakes you for a fish...
在主要的情形中， 鲨鱼攻击你是因为它把你错当成了一条鱼……
(1)mistake A for B 把A误当作B
(2)make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误
do sth.by mistake 做错了某事
①It’s your decision, but I warn you—you’re making a mistake.
这是你的决定， 但我要警告你——你在犯错误。
②She is often mistaken for her younger sister.
她常被误认为是她的妹妹。
③Someone must have left the door open by_mistake．
一定是有人疏忽忘了关门。
result in 导致， 结果是
(教材P18)The last two types of attack more often result in the death of humans.
后两种攻击方式对人类来说更可能致命。
(1)result from 由……造成
(2)as a result 因而， 所以
as a result of 因为
①His hard work resulted in excellent grades in his exams.
他的刻苦学习使他在考试中取得了优异成绩。
②However, pollution and other serious problems have also resulted from human progress.
但是， 人类的发展也产生了污染和其他严重的问题。
③As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.
结果，人类形成了多种性格类型，这些性格类型现今仍然存在。
④About 21 million people died during the 1990s as_a_result_of smoking.
20世纪90年代约有2 100万人死于吸烟。
[巧学活用]——一句多译
因为越来越多的污染， 很多物种正在灭绝。(result)
(1)There is more and more pollution.As_a_result,_many species are dying out.
(2)As_a_result_of more and more pollution, many species are dying out.
(3)More and more pollution has resulted_in many species’ dying out.
(4)The fact that many species are dying out results_from more and more pollution.
(教材P18)Don’t be frightened by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
不要被鲨鱼吓倒：你有可能被闪电击中的几率要比被鲨鱼袭击的几率大30倍。
(1)30 times more...than...是表倍数的结构， “比……多30倍”。本句含有倍数表达法， 英语中表示倍数的句型有：
①A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词的原级＋as＋B
②A＋be＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B
③A＋be＋倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of＋B
④A＋be＋形容词的比较级＋than＋B＋by＋倍数
⑤A＋be＋分数/百分数＋形容词的比较级＋than＋B
⑥...倍数＋what从句
(2)be likely to do sth.意为 “有可能做某事”。本句型还可改为It’s likely that...。
①At a rough estimate, Nigeria is twice bigger than Great Britain. 粗略估算， 尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的三倍。
②This square is three times as big as that one.
＝This square is twice_bigger_than_ that one.
这个广场是那个的三倍大。
③If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely to_get(get) ill.
如果你生活中压力的总数值超过了150, 那么你得病的机会会加倍的。
④It’s very likely that she’ll ring me tonight.
她今晚很可能会给我打电话。
[巧学活用]——单句改错
(1)It is reported that the United States uses twice as many energy as the whole of Europe.many→much
(2)This big stone is three times as heavier as that one.heavier→heavy
(3)There are four times many books in our library than in yours.many→more
品句填词
1．We saw lights in the ____________(远处)．
答案：distance
2．It doesn’t ____________(适合) you to have your hair cut short.
答案：suit
3．The flower show ____________(吸引) large crowds this year.
答案：attracted
4．Try to keep ____________(镇静) and just tell me what happened.
答案：calm
5．On the ____________(相反), it receives a warm welcome.
答案：contrary
6．____________(贴上) the label to your luggage.
答案：Attach
7．How many workmen do you ____________(雇用) at your factory?
答案：employ
8．They’ll be very ____________(可能) to ask for an increase in the budget.
答案：likely
9．The news threw the family into a ____________(惊慌)．
答案：panic
10．She once heard him ____________(小声说) to another girl.
答案：whisper
选词填空
contrary to; mistake...for; result in; watch out for; roll up
1．Perhaps he had ____________ me ____________ someone else.
答案：mistaken；for
2．____________ popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
答案：Contrary to
3．He ____________ all the windows.
答案：rolled up
4．Their dispute ____________ war.
答案：resulted in
5．They are ____________ further development.
答案：watching out for
完成句子
1．亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is ________________ large ________ Europe.
答案：four times as；as
2．小女孩突然静了下来， 开始用好奇的眼光观察四周。
Suddenly the girl ____________ and began looking curiously all around.
答案：calmed down
3．结果， 他们赞同我的建议， 一切按计划顺利进展。
____________， they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.
答案：As a result
4．他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella ____________．
答案：by mistake
5．他很容易受伤， 因为他很轻易就相信别人。
He ________________ because he always trusts people easily.
答案：is likely to get hurt
课文语篇改错
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are reporting to have attacked humans.
There are many types of danger sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you by a fish and attacks you, but where it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of the sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean that you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark attack you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can be hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
答案：
There are nearly 400 types of sharks and about 30 types are to have attacked humans.
There are many types of sharks：the great white shark, the tiger shark and the bull shark.The shark mistakes you a fish and attacks you, but it tastes human flesh, it gives up.The shark bites you if it thinks you are fit be eaten.The shark waits for you to swim by, and then attacks you all of sudden. To reduce the risk of a shark attack, you should not swim in the darkness, swim in the ocean you have a fresh wound or wear bright clothing or jewellery.If a shark you, you should keep calm and not get into a panic.You can hit the shark on the nose with your fist or stick your finger in the shark’s eye.
You are 30 times likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
A卷 [学生用书P85(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The car runs twice ____________(fast) than that truck.
答案：faster
2．Though there is a long ____________ between Tom and his family, they don’t feel ____________．(distance)
答案：distance；distant
3．The accident resulted ____________ the death of two passengers.
答案：in
4．We are always mistaking him ____________ his twin brother.
答案：for
5．He was busily ____________(employ) in writing his essay.
答案：employed
6．I think this place is ____________(suit) for you to sell souvenirs to tourists, but don’t put your prices too high or you’ll frighten them off.
答案：suitable
7．What you have done is contrary ____________ the doctor’s orders.
答案：to
8．What are those two ____________(whisper) to each other about?
答案：whispering
9．The picture is ____________(attach) to the wall by a nail.
答案：attached
10．He took a few deep breaths to calm himself ____________．
答案：down
阅读理解
A
Frank Lloyd Wright is often called the father of American modern architecture. He designed buildings and homes across the United States for more than 70 years.He created most of his works from 1900 through the 1950s, but his open-living spaces and imaginative designs still appear very modern today.
Last week, the United States nominated(提名)10 of his buildings for the UN Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization—or UNESCO—the World Heritage List.The World Heritage List recognizes the most important cultural and natural sites worldwide.
The 10 buildings, titled“Key Works of Modern Architecture by Frank Lloyd Wright”were built between 1906 and 1969.They include several of his personal homes and studios, churches, government buildings, private residences, and one very famous museum—New York City’s Guggenheim Museum.
The Solomon R．Guggenheim Museum is one of the most visited sites in New York City.About one million people visit it every year.Frank Lloyd Wright worked on it from 1943 to 1959.It was designed to create a new type of space for new types of art.The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.
Many of Mr Wright’s modern buildings and homes in the US Midwest have also become symbols of modern American architecture.Richard Longstreth is the president of the Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy.He calls Mr Wright“the father of modern architecture, fundamentally redefining the nature of form and space during the early 20th century that would have enduring impacts of modern architecture worldwide”．
The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.If Frank Lloyd Wright’s 10 buildings were chosen for the list, they would be the first World Heritage listings for modern US architecture.The World Heritage List already includes 22 other American sites, including the Grand Canyon, Yellowstone National Park and the Statue of Liberty.
【解题导语】 美国正在把享有“美国现代建筑之父”美誉的建筑师Frank Lloyd Wright设计的10个著名的建筑申请加入联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果要到2020年6月才能确定。
1．We can learn from the passage that________．
A．Mr Wright’s designs are out of style today
B．Mr Wright’s designs have been widely recognized
C．Mr Wright’s designs on modern buildings and homes are a failure
D．Mr Wright is the owner of ten buildings
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话可知， 虽然Frank Lloyd Wright的作品大多是在1900年至 20 世纪 50 年代创作的， 但他的开放的生活空间和富有想象力的设计在今天仍然显得现代。因此可知， 他的建筑设计理念一直很受欢迎， 故选B。
2．Which of the following statements about Guggenheim Museum is TRUE?
A．It is a masterpiece showing Mr Wright’s unique design.
B．It is a good example of traditional design.
C．It is the most famous site in New York City.
D．It is the symbol of New York City.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的The museum remains an international symbol of modern architecture that represents Wright’s unique design.可知， 古根海姆博物馆是代表Wright先生独特设计的一个建筑。故选A。
3．In which section of the newspaper can you probably find this article?
A．News. B．Science.
C．Biography. D．Economy.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的The UNESCO World Heritage Committee will announce its decision in mid-2020.推断， 本文是时事新闻类， 所以应该在新闻类栏目内， 故选A。
4．What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Frank Lloyd Wright—the Father of American Modern Architecture
B．The World Heritage List—Cultural Collection Worldwide
C．Guggenheim Museum—International Symbol of modern Architecture
D．Frank Lloyd Wright’s Buildings—On the Way to World Heritage List
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章第二段和最后一段可知， 本文是在介绍被誉为美国现代建筑之父的Frank Lloyd Wright的10个著名的建筑正在申请联合国世界文化遗产名录， 结果将在2020年6月才能确定。故选D。
B
An interesting bit of research was done with pigeons. A pigeon was put in a box with two levers(操作杆). One lever would set free corn(谷物) with every five pecks(啄). The other lever needed 100 pecks. Which lever would the pigeon choose to peck at? The lever that set free corn more frequently, of course.
People respond similarly. We prefer to receive more frequent rewards. That is the reason why projects are more effectively completed when broken down into smaller parts. For example, if you have a work project needed to be finished three months later, you are likely to tell yourself that you have plenty of time and end up putting off the work until the last few weeks. Unexpected occasions happen and the project is pushed back even further. The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.
If, however, the project is broken down into three smaller parts and you’re required to hand in a part at the end of each of the three months, there won’t be a rush at the end to complete it. One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement, which will spur you to begin the second part. At the end of the second month, the project is to complete. This gives you the time to review it and make any change for improvement. You can truly celebrate a project well done.
Celebrating small achievements is important to enjoying what you do. Looking forward to the appearance of corn on a frequent basis keeps you active to do more. What does your corn look like? Maybe you are like me and prefer to give yourself an actual reward after completing a project. If your corn really exists, the important thing is that you get it frequently. Remember, reward yourself for small achievements and you can live your life to the fullest.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。人们总是喜欢干短期且易见效果的工作，因此将一个长期任务分几段完成能够提高工作效率。
5．What will probably happen if you’re allowed to finish a task in a long time?
A．You may expect others to help you.
B．You won’t be patient to continue it.
C．It won’t be finished as well as expected.
D．It will appear more and more difficult and boring.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的The result is a project that is rushed and not done as completely and well as it should have been.可知，工期长会导致拖延，最后手忙脚乱的情况下完成的工作达不到预期的效果。
6．What does the underlined word “spur” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Warn. B．Forbid.
C．Remind. D．Encourage.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前的One part will be done after only a month and you will have the feeling of achievement...可知，作者说一部分工作完成后，你会产生一种成就感，这种成就感能够“激励”你开始从事下一部分的工作。
7．What does the writer mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The importance of finishing your project on time.
B．The benefit of rewarding yourself frequently.
C．How to keep active in your work.
D．How to set rewards wisely in life.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，该段主要谈论的是庆祝小成就或经常回报自己的重要性或好处。
语法填空
Carpooling is when a driver offers to take passengers in exchange for some money for petrol. As 1.____________ result, carpooling can be 2.____________ (cheap) than public transport because everyone in the car shares the cost of petrol. I 3.____________ (recent) did carpooling for the first time and it was very easy to find a driver. I used a website 4.____________ lists drivers’ profiles(简介) and found someone who was going to the same place as me. A lot of information can 5.____________ (see) in the profiles such as their first name, age and gender (性别) as well as reviews from other passengers. I decided 6.____________ (travel) with a lady who had very good reviews.
I found carpooling to be a(n) 7.____________ (impress) experience. Not only was the trip very cheap, but the driver and the other passengers were really friendly. They were all French so I had the chance to practise 8.____________(speak) some French. When I waved goodbye to them, a thought suddenly occurred to me 9.____________ carpooling could be the future of travel. Both drivers and passengers can benefit 10.____________ this form of travel. It saves money, and perhaps more importantly, carpooling provides a fantastic opportunity to meet interesting people on your travels.
1．a 解析：考查固定结构。As a result意为“结果”。
2．cheaper 解析：考查形容词比较级。由than可知，此处应用比较级形式，故填cheaper。
3．recently 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰did，故填recently。
4．which/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰website，且在从句中作主语，故填which/that。
5．be seen 解析：考查被动语态。information与see之间是被动关系，故填be seen。
6．to travel 解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。decide后接带to的不定式作宾语，故填to travel。
7．impressive 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语修饰experience，表示“令人印象深刻的”，故填impressive。
8．speaking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。practise后接动词-ing形式(短语)作宾语。故填speaking。
9．that 解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，解释说明thought的具体内容，且设空处在从句中不作成分，故填that。
10．from 解析：考查介词。benefit from...意为“受益于……”。
B卷 [学生用书P87(单独成册)]
阅读理解
Most people
have experienced ostracism(孤立) as an observer, whether in school, at work, or among family or friends. Even the people who are not in trouble often couldn’t keep calm when it comes to ostracism. And when a group ostracizes someone out of unkind reasons, others usually view it very negatively as unfair. However, outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable, for example, when the person ostracized has behaved out of place.
A research team from the University of Basel led by the psychologist Dr. Selma Rudert has now researched five studies. These studies are used to examine by what evidence people are influenced in such judgment situations. The number of volunteers in each of the studies ranges from 30 to 527. The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.
The researchers showed the volunteers various situations of ostracism. Imagine there were three students in a room. The ideas and suggestions from one of the students were regularly taken no notice by the other two. When the ostracized person was “different” from the other two, for example, outsiders judged the ostracism to be unfair. They were annoyed at the two students. However, when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.
“These studies are important for topics such as ostracism in schools or workplaces，” says Rudert. When people are too heavily influenced by factors on the surface only and don’t care actual information, it can quickly lead to misjudgments. “In fact，” says Rudert, “you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了群体内的相似性影响着人们对孤立现象的评判。
1．What do outsiders think of ostracism?
A．It is always unfair.
B．It is unkind to others.
C．It can be accepted at times.
D．It can help people keep calm.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的．..outsiders may also judge(评判) ostracism to be acceptable...可知，旁观者有时认为孤立是可以接受的。
2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?
A．There are 2，785 volunteers totally in the studies.
B．The ostracized people behave differently from others.
C．These studies examine the evidence of people’s differences.
D．People are easily influenced by others when judging somebody.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的The result shows that when somebody is visibly different from the others, the person will be ostracized. We consider that this person is ostracized only because of differences.可知，被孤立的人通常行为举止异于他人。
3．The outsiders showed negative opinions on the ostracized person when ________．
A．the person had annoyed them
B．there were more similarities among them
C．their ideas were taken no notice by the person
D．they wanted to have no relationship with the person
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的．..when the group members were more similar—such as all from the same country, the outsiders’ viewpoints changed. In this case, they thought the ostracized person was negative, and considered the ostracism on him/her was reasonable.可知，当小组成员有相似之处的时候，旁观者不会同情被孤立的人。
4．What’s Rudert’s suggestion on the ostracism?
A．Giving support to the ostracized people.
B．Paying more attention to the ostracized people.
C．Knowing about the actual situation before judging.
D．Avoiding talking about ostracized people in schools.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的．..you should always try to understand the whole history behind an ostracism situation before judging.可知，Rudert建议人们在评判之前先了解情况。
完形填空
It happened to me last week. I went duck hunting and took my four-legged __1__ along. I went into a muddy lake and got stuck. __2__， my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline. That day, I wanted to __3__ a duck decoy(诱饵) in the lake. I thought it was something __4__ to do. I didn’t know that __5__ the muddy waters would put my life at risk. When I was __6__ in the lake, my legs got stuck in the thick mud. I couldn’t __7__ my legs and had to find a way to call for __8__．
At that time, my dog was waiting for my __9__ to the shone, but with each passing minute he grew __10__. Fortunately for me, I had my __11__ with me and was able to call 911. However, when rescuers __12__， they knew they would also get stuck in the mud if they tried to reach me. But the dog was the only one able to do the __13__ without getting stuck. Rescuers tied a rope to my dog and had him __14__ me. And that was how my dog became my only lifeline. Once my dog came to me, I untied the rope, tied it to my __15__ and waited for a rescuer to reach me. The rescuer was also tied to the rope and with the help of others back on the safe __16__， I was pulled out from the mud.
If it weren’t for my dog, I would have spent __17__ time in the cold waters when rescuers tried to make a __18__ plan to reach me.
The dog was __19__ before I found it. I took it home and kept it. From my experience, I believe that kindness will be __20__ rewarded.
【解题导语】 作者收养了一条狗，后来这条狗救了他一命，他的好心得到了回报。
1．A.table B．guide
C．friend D．cat
C 解析：作者是带着他的狗去的，他把狗当作是“朋友”，故选C项。
2．A.Strangely B．Surprisingly
C．Interestingly D．Luckily
D 解析：根据my dog was right by my side and provided me with a lifeline可知，幸运的是，狗在自己旁边。故选D项。
3．A.try B．place
C．change D．settle
B 解析：根据作者陷进泥巴里的语境可知，他是第一次去那里，故他是去那里“放”诱饵的。故选B项。
4．A.safe B．boring
C．difficult D．funny
A 解析：作者一开始并不知道进去那个湖里会有危险，认为这是“安全”的行为。故选A项。
5．A.touching B．entering
C．enjoying D．cleaning
B 解析：这里是指“进入”那个湖里。故选B项。
6．A.smiling B．washing
C．walking D．swimming
C 解析：作者陷进了泥巴里，说明他当时在湖里“走动”。故选C项。
7．A.see B．hurt
C．feel D．free
D 解析：根据my legs got stuck in the thick mud可知，作者无法将自己的腿拔出来，故选D项。
8．A.change B．emergency
C．service D．help
D 解析：作者被陷在了那里，他应该想办法寻找“帮助”。故选D项。
9．A.step B．sign
C．return D．boat
C 解析：作者的狗在岸上等作者“返回”。故选C项。
10．A.angry B．worried
C．calm D．excited
B 解析：狗见作者迟迟不上岸，应该“担心”起来了。故选B项。
11．A.cellphone B．purse
C．key D．card
A 解析：根据and was able to call 911可知，作者当时身上带着“电话”。故选A项。
12．A.sailed B．arrived
C．finished D．left
B 解析：这里是指救援人员“到达”之后。故选B项。
13．A.work B．trick
C．study D．project
A 解析：这里是指只有作者的狗能够在湖里游泳而不会陷入泥巴里，即只有它能干这份“活” ，故选A项。
14．A.show B．take
C．reach D．tie
C 解析：根据Rescuers tied a rope to my dog可知，救援人员让那条狗“靠近”作者。故选C项。
15．A.ship B．duck
C．leg D．body
D 解析：为了能够让救援人员将他拉出去，作者应该将绳子系在自己的“身”上。故选D项。
16．A.hill B．rock
C．land D．water
C 解析：那些救援人员在岸上面，故选C项。
17．A.great B．more
C．little D．better
B 解析：如果没有那条狗的帮助，作者得在水里面待“更多的”时间。故选B项。
18．A.serious B．long
C．good D．disappointing
C 解析：为了能够救出作者，救援人员应该想出一个“好的”办法。故选C项。
19．A.homeless B．beautiful
C．strong D．little
A 解析：根据I took it home and kept it.可知，那条狗以前是条“无家可归的”流浪狗。故选A项。
20．A.still B．never
C．hardly D．really
D 解析：作者从这次经历中明白好心“的确”会有回报。故选D项。
短文改错
It’s been a long time since I do something good for the environment.Feel responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea with my friends and we planned to plant the trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place where looked suitable and settled down.We spend a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one to one and buried it deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were such busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
答案：
It’s been a long time since I something good for the environment. responsible to protect the environment, I decided to take action again.I told my idea my friends and we planned to plant trees on the hill in the rural area of the city.
We came to the foot of the hill and selected a place looked suitable and settled down.We a few hours digging holes and placing the young seedlings(幼苗)．Then we wrote our wishes on cards one one and buried deep down the roots of the trees.We also took numerous pictures.We were busy that we didn’t realize it was time to go back.I felt really glad that we made difference to the environment.
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