A卷 [学生用书P89(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．Could you tell me ____________ we are going for a picnic this Sunday?
答案：whether/if
2．The problem is ____________ we can make good preparations in such a short time.
答案：whether
3．I don’t know ____________ or not the report is true.
答案：whether
4．The news ____________ he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
答案：that/which
5．We believe that there is no doubt ____________ the meeting will be a great success.
答案：that
6．Energy is ____________ makes things work.
答案：what
7．Whether the sports meeting will be held next week depends on ____________ the weather will be fine.
答案：whether
8．The question is ____________ can complete the difficult task.
答案：who
9．____________ the Smiths will come to our school next week is a fact that we all know.
答案：That
10．It has been found ____________ plastics can widely be used in industries.
答案：that
阅读理解
During the 15th century, spices(香料) from India were very popular in Europe, however, the only way to travel from Europe to India was over land. This was a long and expensive trip. The King of Portugal realized if he could find a way to get to India by sailing on the ocean, he would become rich by trading spices in Europe. An explorer by the name of Bartolomeu Dias had discovered the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa. It was thought that there may be a way around the Cape and to the northeast towards India. However, many were skeptical and thought that the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean.
Vasco da Gama, who was born in 1460s to a wealthy Portuguese family in Sines, was given a fleet of ships by the king and told to discover a sea route around Africa to India. He was also told to look for other trading possibilities along the way.
Vasco da Gama left on his first voyage from Lisbon, Portugal, with four ships and 170 men on July 8, 1497. Gama and his men rounded the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope on November 22. They then headed north up the coast of Africa. They stopped at trading ports along the way including Mombasa and Malindi. At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa), they picked up a local pilot who knew the direction to India. With the help of a monsoon wind they were able to cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut, India, in less than a month(on May 20，1498). At Calicut, Vasco ran into serious trouble when trying to trade. He had brought little of value in his ships. This made the local traders doubtful of him and very soon he had to leave. The voyage back was disastrous. Around half of his men died from scurvy(坏血病) as the trip back took much longer because of the winds not blowing in his favor. However, when he returned home, he was still a hero. He had found the much needed trade route to India.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。
1．What does the underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Worried. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的there may be a way...towards India和画线词后的the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean可知，因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连，所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。
2．What was the main purpose of Vasco da Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．To take control of India.
B．To control the spice trade.
C．To find a trade route to India.
D．To bring back spices from India.
C 解析：细节理解题。第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因find a way to get to India...trading spices in Europe，再由第二段中的told to discover a sea route around Africa to India可知，达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。
3．Which is the CORRECT route of Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
B．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
C．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
D．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线left on his first voyage from Lisbon...rounded...at the Cape of Good Hope...At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa)．.. cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut可知答案。
4．What happened to Gama and his men when they stayed at Calicut?
A．Their trading was well-received.
B．Half of them got a serious illness.
C．They missed the best time to go back home.
D．They were considered unwelcome by the local traders.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的He had brought little of value...doubtful of him可知，到达Calicut之后，由于船上有价值的东西太少，因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。
完形填空
Every year I write a letter to my daughter on her birthday.I fill it with __1__ things that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days.I add to the letter photos and report cards that would have __2__ as the year passed.
I have a small __3__ in which I keep the things that I want to send my daughter.Every week, I __4__ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.When her birthday approaches, I __5__ that box and find it full of beautiful cards and __6__ memories.
__7__ the letter is written and all the treasures are put into the envelope, I seal(密封) it.It then becomes that year’s __8__ letter.On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy—to be opened when you’re twenty-one years old.It is a gift of __9__ from Dad to her daughter.It is a lasting __10__ of her life written as she was actually living it.
That tradition of __11__ her birthday letters is now one of my duties.As Ann grows __12__， I can see that it is a growing and __13__ part of her life, too.One day, we were talking about life in the __14__．It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday, she will be __15__ with her grandchildren and having fun with them; on her 31st birthday, she will be taking her own kids to school; on her 21st birthday, she will be __16__ university and will be offered a good job soon.“No，” she said, “I will be too busy __17__．”
One of my greatest __18__ is to be alive and present to __19__ that wonderful time in the future when those letters are __20__ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life.
1．A.strange B．unforgettable
C．terrible D．natural
B 解析：A.strange奇怪的； B．unforgettable难忘的； C．terrible可怕的； D．natural自然的。根据下文的： that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days可知我在信中写一些在不愉快的或愉快的日子发生的难忘的事情， 所以选B。
2．A.arrived B．increased
C．disappeared D．remained
C 解析：A.arrived到达； B．increased增加； C．disappeared消失； D．remained仍然， 留下。根据as the year passed可知我也在信中加上一些随着时间流逝会消失的照片和报告单。所以选C。
3．A.bag B．box
C．basket D．pocket
B 解析：A.bag包； B．box盒子； C．basket篮子； D．pocket 口袋。根据下文： When her birthday approaches, I ______ that box and find it...可知作者有一个盒子，里面装的是想送给女儿的东西， 所以选B。
4．A.make B．send
C．leave D．get
A 解析：A.make制作； B．send派， 送； C．leave留下； D．get得到。每个星期我都会记录一些我能想到的一星期的事情。词组“make notes of记下”， 所以选A。
5．A.look for B．break down
C．fill in D．take out
D 解析：A.look for寻找； B．break down崩溃； C．fill in填写； D．take out拿出。根据下文： find it full of beautiful cards and ______ memories可知当生日临近的时候， 我就会将盒子拿出来， 所以选D。
6．A.sweet B．short
C．magical D．painful
A 解析：A.sweet甜美的； B．short短的； C．magical神奇的； D．painful痛苦的。根据上文的： Every week, I ______ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.可知我打开盒子发现它装满了美丽的卡片和甜蜜的记忆。所以选A。
7．A.While B．Once
C．Before D．Unless
B 解析：A.While然而； B．Once一旦； C．Before在……前面； D．Unless除非。一旦这个信写好了， 所有的宝贝被放进了信封， 我就将它们密封。所以选B。
8．A.business B．thank-you
C．Christmas D．birthday
D 解析：A.business生意； B．thank-you谢谢； C．Christmas圣诞节； D．birthday生日。根据下文的句子： when you’re twenty-one years old可知是生日信， 所以选D。
9．A.courage B．hope
C．love D．art
C 解析：A.courage勇气； B．hope希望； C．love爱； D．art 艺术。 根据下文的It is a lasting ______ of her life written as she was actually living it.可知这些信是爸爸对女儿的爱的表示， 所以选C。
10．A.peace B．friendship
C．record D．impression
C 解析：A.peace和平； B．friendship友谊； C．record记录； D．impression印象。这是她生活的永久的记录。所以选C。
11．A.writing B．posting
C．receiving D．answering
A 解析：A.writing写； B．posting邮寄； C．receiving接受； D．answering回答。根据上文： On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy可知写生日信的传统现在是我的责任之一， 所以选A。
12．A.older B．stronger
C．cleverer D．wilder
A 解析：A.older年长的； B．stronger更强大的； C．cleverer 更聪明的； D．wilder更野蛮的。根据下文的句子： I can see that it is a growing and ______ part of her life, too.可知是随着年龄的增长……所以选A。
13．A.early B．special
C．separate D．difficult
B 解析：A.early早的； B．special特殊的； C．separate分离的； D．difficult困难的。我可以看到这是她人生成长的特殊的部分， 所以选B。
14．A.school B．family
C．past D．future
D 解析：A.school学校； B．family家庭； C．past过去； D．future未来。根据下文： It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday 可知他们讨论未来的事情， 所以选D。
15．A.arguing B．meeting
C．playing D．sleeping
C 解析：A.arguing争论； B．meeting遇到； C．playing玩； D．sleeping睡觉。根据下文： having fun with them可知她可能和孙子玩耍， 所以选C。
16．A.studying at B．going to
C．teaching at D．graduating from
D 解析：A.studying at研究； B．going to去； C．teaching at教； D．graduating from毕业于。根据下文：and will be offered a good job soon可知21岁是要大学毕业了， 所以选D。
17．A.reading B．working
C．cooking D．learning
A 解析：A.reading阅读； B．working工作； C．cooking烹饪； D．learning学习。根据上文作者的女儿习惯读信， 所以这里表示她会忙于阅读， 所以选A。
18．A.worries B．abilities
C．successes D．wishes
D 解析：A.worries担心； B．abilities能力； C．successes成功； D．wishes愿望。我最大的愿望是未来能活着享受这些美好的时刻。所以选D。
19．A.make B．enjoy
C．remember D．tell
B 解析：A.make制作； B．enjoy享受； C．remember记得； D．tell告诉。根据下文的when those letters are ______ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life可知是享受这些美好的时刻。所以选B。
20．A.hidden B．shown
C．opened D．burnt
C 解析：A.hidden躲藏； B．shown展示； C．opened打开； D．burnt燃烧。这些信被打开，累积的爱走近她的生活。所以选C。
B卷 [学生用书P91(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
I wouldn’t
be surprised at all if you love doing sports. Sports are a very important part of human life. However, some are considered to be more dangerous, such as extreme sports. Because of the danger those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned(禁止). I strongly believe that extreme sports are not a danger and should not be banned. There are many reasons for letting them stay a part of our life. Firstly, extreme sports can increase confidence. Secondly, extreme sports challenge people and develop their skills. And last but not least, extreme sports can add to a person’s experience, determination and courage.
Some people say that extreme sports are much too risky, and there is always a danger of serious injury or even death. But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous!
Many popular sports in fact can make players injured easily. Football, basketball, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports can lead to bad results. Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports？A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare.
Sports do not just have positive physical effects, but they also have mental and social benefits for those who take part in them. I think that taking away elements of risk, danger, and challenge would leave all sports meaningless. Our society will be healthier if more people take part in all types of sports. Banning dangerous sports only limits the freedom of choosing from a wide range of sports that people should feel free to take part in.
Of course, if you want to take part in an extreme sport, you should always be well prepared. After all, safety comes first.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。
1．Why does the author mention such activities as driving and traveling by plane?
A．To tell us to avoid such activities.
B．To show extreme sports are really risky.
C．To show risks are common in our daily life.
D．To tell us people’s attitudes toward extreme sports.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。
2．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A．Football is highly dangerous.
B．Popular sports hardly make people injured.
C．Most people seldom realize the danger of extreme sports.
D．Professional football players know more about ways of avoiding injury.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports? A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare. 可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。
3．What’s the author’s attitude toward extreme sports?
A．Doubtful. B．Worried.
C．Negative. D．Positive.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should Extreme Sports Be Banned or Not?
B．Should Children Play Dangerous Sports?
C．How Do We Benefit from Risky Sports?
D．Why Do People Love Football?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。
B
On any given day, you can find most 10-year-old boys throwing a ball around outside, riding their bikes, or playing video games. But Braden Baker is different.
Braden is a hearing impaired(受损的) 5th-grader and has to wear hearing aids(助听器). Unluckily, Braden’s dog Chewy found his hearing aids on the floor and destroyed them—not once, but twice—and they had to be replaced. But at $3，500 to $6，000 a pair, Braden’s carelessness was costly.
Braden’s mother Ashley sat Braden down and had a long talk about taking better care of his hearing aids, explaining just how much they cost. “I told him that he was lucky we could buy another pair and that some people couldn’t afford a new pair，” Ashley said.
Those words clearly stuck in Braden’s mind, who realized that not every child who needed hearing aids could afford them. So recently, the 10-year-old took it upon himself to start a GoFundMe page to raise money for those who aren’t so lucky.
Braden made a video to explain why he wanted to raise money. Ashley said, “We weren’t really sure how it would turn out. He began with a goal of $1, 000. We woke up the next morning and found that it had raised $400.”
This encouraged him to start making even more videos. Fast-forward a few months and Braden’s GoFundMe page has raised over $15，000, which Braden donated to the Oticon Hearing Foundation. And that money will be used to help other families buy hearing aids for their children.
The project has not only taught Braden the value of money, but according to his mom，“he’s learned that if you put a small idea into action, amazing things can happen.”
As for Braden’s advice to those looking for ways to give back to others？“Don’t give up！Any small idea can get really big.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。
5．Why did Braden change his hearing aids?
A．He wanted a better pair of hearing aids.
B．The old pairs were destroyed by his dog.
C．His hearing problem became more serious.
D．He lost the old pairs because of his carelessness.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。
6．What has led to Braden starting a GoFundMe page?
A．His mother’s words about the usefulness of hearing aids.
B．His mother’s encouragement for him to do good things.
C．His wish to help poor children with hearing problems.
D．His need to buy a new pair of hearing aids.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’s mind，who realized that ... raise money for those who aren’t so lucky 可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想筹资帮助这些孩子。
7．How did Braden and his mother feel when the page was started?
A．Uncertain. B．Satisfied.
C．Hopeful. D．Unexpected.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的We weren’t really sure how it would turn out.可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。
8．What has Braden learned from working on the project?
A．One should always use money smartly.
B．A small idea can make a big difference.
C．Videoing is a good way to reach people.
D．It’s important to dream big and hold on to it.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’s learned that if you ...things can happen 可知，Braden 通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行动，会有很棒的结果出现。
C
You’ll be likely to become angry if you don’t get a good night’s sleep, a new paper reports. Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn’t as good an idea as it may appear. Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations. This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger.
The link between lack(短缺)of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other. In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question.
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups. The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights. On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night.
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation(操纵). All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise. Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions.
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said. “We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task. As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant. When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise.”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement. However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
9．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less.
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep.
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods.
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. 以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
10．What’s the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry.
B．To make them awake.
C．To take their attention away.
D．To affect their thinking ability.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In order to measure anger 和Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions. 以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
11．From what Krizan said, we know ________．
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
书面表达
根据图画写一篇短文， 叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。
①妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；②儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。
要求：1.不仅要表述出图中的内容， 还要发表自己的感想；
2．词数：100左右；
3．开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over.He wanted to help the girl up, but his mother stopped him and said, __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
One_day,_Xiao_Ming_saw_a_little_girl_fall_over.He_wanted_to_help_the_girl_up,_but_his_mother_stopped_him_and_said,_ “Don’t do that; otherwise others will think it was you who knocked her down.” A few days later, the mother was shocked to see Xiao Ming just let the fallen oil bottle be.And Xiao Ming said to his mother, “If I did something about the bottle, you would think that it was I who knocked it over.”
I disagree with what the mother did in the story.I think parents should not only care for their children’s health, but their minds.They should let their children know it is a pleasure to help others who are in trouble.We live in the society which is a big family for all of us.
Everyone should do something good to build up our society, right?
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
名词性从句(一)
名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用。在句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语， 分别称作：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。学习名词性从句主要应注意其引导词的用法与区别以及名词性从句与其他从句的区别等。
名词性从句的引导词：
分类
词形
词义
作从句的成分
连词
that
whether(或if)
是否
连接
代词
who(ever)
(无论)谁[主格]
主、表
whom(ever)
(无论)谁[宾格]
宾
whose
谁的[所有格]
定
which(ever)
(无论)哪一个(些)
主、宾、表、定
what(ever)
(无论)什么， ……东西
主、宾、表、定
连接
副词
when
什么时间
状
where
什么地方
状
how
怎样， 如何
状
why
为什么
状
名词性从句的引导词一般都不可省略。但在宾语从句中的that有时可以省略。
一、主语从句
1．主语从句的引导词
主语从句通常由连词that和whether, 连接代词或连接副词引导。
That the football match will be put off is certain now.
足球赛将会推迟一事现在已经确定。
Whether he will come or not is still a question.
他是否会来仍然是个问题。
What he said at the meeting was very inspiring.
他在会上说的话非常鼓舞人心。
2．主语从句可以直接放在句首， 有时为了平衡句子结构或表示强调， 常用it作形式主语， 而将从句放在句末
It is reported that the novel has been translated into various foreign languages.
据报道这部小说已经被翻译成了多种外语。
如果带主语从句的句子是疑问式， 则须用it作形式主语。
Is it true that he is the girl’s father?
他是那女孩的父亲是真的吗？
对接高考
①It is often the case ____________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。
that 解析：考查主语从句。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
②Exactly ____________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
确切地说， 马铃薯什么时候被引进到欧洲还拿不准， 但是可能是在1565年左右。
when 解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知， 此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据but并列分句中的关键信息around 1565可知， 此处表示 “时间”， 故要用when引导主语从句。
二、宾语从句
1．宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if), 连接代词或连接副词引导。
I believe (that) we can solve the economic problem.
我相信我们能解决这个经济问题。
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
我们没有人知道这些新的零件能在哪里买到。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest station?
你能告诉我去最近的车站怎么走吗？
2．it作形式宾语时将that宾语从句置于动词think，find, feel, consider, make, believe, hate, take, owe, have等后面
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要。
3．宾语从句的时态
(1)如果主句谓语是现在时， 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。
I know he lived in a city three years ago.
我知道他三年前住在某个城市里。
(2)如果主句谓语是过去时， 从句要用表示过去的某一时态。
He said that he had seen the movie Wolf WarriorsⅡ.
他说他已经看过电影《战狼2》。
(3)如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理时， 不管主句是什么时态， 宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
4．否定转移
当动词believe, expect, guess, imagine, suppose, think等后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时， 通常否定主句。
I don’t suppose that it is true.
我认为那不是真的。
5．if和whether在宾语从句中的区别
(1)在动词(短语)know, ask, care, wonder, find out等和介词后一般用whether不用if。
We haven’t settled the question of whether it is necessary for him to study abroad.
我们还没有解决出国留学对他来说是否有必要的问题。
(2)动词leave, put, discuss, doubt后的宾语从句常用whether不用if。
We discussed whether we should go on climbing.
我们讨论了是否应该继续攀登。
(3)whether后可以直接加or not, 但是if不可以。
I don’t care whether or not she will attend the meeting.
她是否来参加会议， 我不介意。
(4)在不定式前只能用whether, 不用if。
She doesn’t know whether to go on foot or wait for a bus.
她不知道是步行去还是等公共汽车。
对接高考
③My classmates and I are talking about ____________ to do during the holiday.
我和我的同学们正在讨论假期该干什么。
what 解析：此处应用“what＋不定式”作动词短语talk about的宾语，同时what还要作动词do的逻辑宾语。
三、表语从句
1．表语从句的引导词
引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether, 连接代词和连接副词， 以及as if, as though, because等。
The girl is not what she was ten years ago.
这个女孩已经不是10年前的她了。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看起来天要下雨了。
2．主语是reason时， 表语从句常用that引导， 而不用because
The reason for his absence is that he was ill.
他缺席的原因是他生病了。
3．如果主句的主语是idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时， 表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气， 即 “(should＋)动词原形” 的形式
My suggestion is that one thousand trees be planted along the riverbank.
我的建议就是沿着河岸栽上1 000棵树。
His idea is that we spend the weekend in the nearby holiday camp.
他的想法是我们去附近的度假营过周末。
对接高考
④The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ____________ one can be entirely free from dust.
雨季最让人感到快乐的是，人们可以完全摆脱灰尘。
that 解析：分析句子结构可知，本空需要连接词引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也无任何意义，只起连接作用，故用that引导。
四、同位语从句
1．同位语从句的引导词
引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that, whether, 连接代词和连接副词等。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The suggestion that a meeting should be held was agreed by most of all.
应该开个会的建议得到了我们大多数人的同意。
2．that引导同位语从句与定语从句的区别
that作为关系代词， 可以引导定语从句， 在从句中充当句子成分， 在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that 引导同位语从句时， 起连词的作用， 没有实际意义， 在从句中不充当句子成分， 不能省略。
I received the message that he would come by plane.
我收到了他将乘飞机来的消息。(同位语从句)
I received the message (that) you sent me.
我收到了你发给我的消息。(定语从句)
that引导名词性从句应注意的问题：
(1)that引导名词性从句， that在从句中不作成分， 本身无词义， 只起连接作用。
(2)that引导的名词性从句， 只有在宾语从句中可省略that, 在其他从句中that一般不省略；但若动词后有多个that引导的宾语从句时， 第一个that可省略， 其余的不能省略；that引导的从句如果作介词宾语， 一般只用在except, in等少数介词后。except that...除了……， in that...因为……
We learned (that) more people had flu and that most of them were young people.(第二个that不能省略)
我们了解到更多的人患上了流感， 他们大多是年轻人。
The fact that he didn’t say anything at the meeting surprised us.(that不能省略)
他在会上什么也没说使得我们很惊讶。
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work in a company.(that不能省略)
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班， 其他一无所知。
对接高考
⑤The manager put forward a suggestion ____________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
经理提出了一条建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
that 解析：suggestion后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用that引导。
单句语法填空
1．Your support is important to our work.____________ you can do helps.
答案：Whatever
2．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ____________ I live.
答案：where
3．A warm thought suddenly came to me ____________ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.
答案：that
4．Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s ____________ the best jobs are.
答案：where
5．____________ parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.
答案：What
6．It is obvious to the students ____________ they should get well prepared for their future.
答案：that
语法与写作
1．很奇怪， 她昨天没有来。
It is strange __________________________．
答案：that she did not come yesterday
2．不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
________________________ is welcome.
答案：Whoever comes to the club
3．我的想法是你该好好利用你的时间。
My idea is __________________________________．
答案：that you should make good use of your time
4．我难过的原因是他不理解我。
The reason why I was sad was ____________________________________．
答案：that he didn’t understand me
5．那男孩对他在那里看到的任何事物都感兴趣。
The boy was interested in ______________________．
答案：whatever he saw there
6．我怀疑他是否会成功。
I doubt ______________________．
答案：whether he will succeed
7．毫无疑问他错了。
There is no doubt ________________．
答案：that he is wrong
8．我不知道她何时回来。
I have no idea __________________．
答案：when she will be back
如何写看图作文
文体感知
1．看图作文的命题特点
看图作文就是依据图画所表现的情景， 按照规定和要求进行写作。一般的看图作文就是看图说话：要求考生按照所给图画， 通过合理的联想将一组画面的内容正确地表达出来。看图作文的命题形式可以多样化， 即根据图画， 要求学生写一篇日记、 一封书信、 一则通知、 一篇记叙文或一篇说明文等；要求学生把一幅或几幅内容连续的图画有条理、有层次地再现出来。此类作文旨在考查学生的观察能力、分析能力、想象能力、创新能力以及遣词造句、组句成篇的书面表达能力。
2．看图作文的准备过程
(1)正确理解提示和要求。一般情况下， 看图作文在提供图画的同时也附带有简要的文字提示， 我们可以利用文字提示去正确地理解图意， 得到要点。切忌孤立地看图而忽视文字提示。
(2)确定体裁格式。根据图片内容确定好题材与体裁， 弄清是写人还是写景， 是说明还是叙事， 是书信还是日记或其他应用文体。
(3)确立人称。清晰把握作文的人称线条， 切不可上下矛盾， 混淆不清。
(4)确定时态和语态。弄清所要叙述的内容事实是已然、未然还是正在进行， 从而确立主体时态。
(5)看懂图意， 切中题意。正确理解图画的基本事实， 并根据每幅画之间的联系， 弄清要表达的主题和梗概。
(6)展开想象。仔细观察细节(图画中的人物、事件、地点、环境、时间、动作等), 依据图画细节对画面的内容加以想象、扩充或补充。
3．看图作文的基本步骤
(1)列出要点。明确写作的具体内容， 仔细寻找全部要点， 做到要点无遗漏。
(2)依据内容要点， 选择确立可供自己使用的熟悉词汇、短语和句型。做到 “不求难， 不求异， 只求准”。
(3)将要点译成基本句子。尽量用熟悉、简单的结构表达， 避免因用大量的长句和复合句而造成的语法错误。忌用汉语思维造句子。
(4)按一定的时间、空间及逻辑顺序或情节发展对基本句子进行有序的排列组合。
(5)适当增加细节， 运用适当的连接过渡词将句子连接成文。
(6)细心检查错漏：检查人称和主谓是否一致；检查时态和语态是否正确； 检查语句和措辞是否恰当；检查拼写和标点是否无误；检查内容要点是否齐全。
常用句式
1．开头句
Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2．衔接句
As we all know, .../As is known to all, .../It is well known that.../In my opinion, .../As far as I am concerned, .../This scene reminds me of something in my daily life.
3．结尾句
In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated...
写作要求
请根据下面四幅图画内容， 写一篇短文， 记述昨天发生在你叔叔身上的事。
注意：1.词数100左右。
2．参考词汇：吊销驾照 revoke a driving license
审题谋篇
项目
结论
体裁
记叙文
话题
酒驾
时态
一般过去时为主
人称
第三人称
词句推敲
1．词汇
①被邀请去……________________
②喝醉________________
③劝说某人不要做……________________
④坚持做……________________
⑤撞到……上________________
⑥罚款________________
答案：①be invited to... ②get drunk ③persuade sb.not to do... ④insist on doing... ⑤run into ⑥fine
2．句式
①他很高兴所以喝了很多酒。
一般表达：He was very glad, so he drank a lot of beers.
高级表达：(用so...that...改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②他不听他们的话并且说没问题。
一般表达：He didn’t listen to them and said “No problem”．
高级表达：(用现在分词作伴随状语改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
③他在路上弯弯曲曲开着车， 就在这时， 车撞到了一棵树上。
一般表达：He wound his way on the road；just at that time, his car ran into a tall tree.
高级表达：(用be doing...when...改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
④他被警察罚了款， 驾照也被吊销了。
一般表达：He was fined by the police and his driving license was revoked.
高级表达：(用with的复合结构改写上面的句子)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：①He was so glad that he drank a lot of beers.
②He didn’t listen to them, saying “No problem”．
③He was winding his way on the road when his car ran into a tall tree.
④He was fined by the police, with his driving license revoked.
妙笔成篇
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
My uncle will never forget what happened to him yesterday.
Yesterday evening my uncle was invited to dinner by his friends.He was so glad that he drank a lot of beers.As a result he got drunk.After the meal, his friends tried to persuade him not to drive home, but he didn’t listen to them, saying “No problem” and insisted on doing so.He got into the car and drove away.A few minutes later, he was winding his way on the road when his car ran into a tall tree.He was badly injured but still alive.The police came to the scene, and he was taken to hospital.Unfortunately, he had to stay in hospital for several days.Worse still he was fined by the police, with his driving license revoked.
How he regretted what he had done!
A卷 [学生用书P89(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．Could you tell me ____________ we are going for a picnic this Sunday?
答案：whether/if
2．The problem is ____________ we can make good preparations in such a short time.
答案：whether
3．I don’t know ____________ or not the report is true.
答案：whether
4．The news ____________ he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
答案：that/which
5．We believe that there is no doubt ____________ the meeting will be a great success.
答案：that
6．Energy is ____________ makes things work.
答案：what
7．Whether the sports meeting will be held next week depends on ____________ the weather will be fine.
答案：whether
8．The question is ____________ can complete the difficult task.
答案：who
9．____________ the Smiths will come to our school next week is a fact that we all know.
答案：That
10．It has been found ____________ plastics can widely be used in industries.
答案：that
阅读理解
During the 15th century, spices(香料) from India were very popular in Europe, however, the only way to travel from Europe to India was over land. This was a long and expensive trip. The King of Portugal realized if he could find a way to get to India by sailing on the ocean, he would become rich by trading spices in Europe. An explorer by the name of Bartolomeu Dias had discovered the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of Africa. It was thought that there may be a way around the Cape and to the northeast towards India. However, many were skeptical and thought that the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean.
Vasco da Gama, who was born in 1460s to a wealthy Portuguese family in Sines, was given a fleet of ships by the king and told to discover a sea route around Africa to India. He was also told to look for other trading possibilities along the way.
Vasco da Gama left on his first voyage from Lisbon, Portugal, with four ships and 170 men on July 8, 1497. Gama and his men rounded the southern tip of Africa at the Cape of Good Hope on November 22. They then headed north up the coast of Africa. They stopped at trading ports along the way including Mombasa and Malindi. At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa), they picked up a local pilot who knew the direction to India. With the help of a monsoon wind they were able to cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut, India, in less than a month(on May 20，1498). At Calicut, Vasco ran into serious trouble when trying to trade. He had brought little of value in his ships. This made the local traders doubtful of him and very soon he had to leave. The voyage back was disastrous. Around half of his men died from scurvy(坏血病) as the trip back took much longer because of the winds not blowing in his favor. However, when he returned home, he was still a hero. He had found the much needed trade route to India.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了葡萄牙探险家达·伽马第一次航行到印度的原因及过程。
1．What does the underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Worried. B．Doubtful.
C．Hopeful. D．Supportive.
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第一段中的there may be a way...towards India和画线词后的the Indian Ocean did not connect with the Atlantic Ocean可知，因为许多人认为印度洋与大西洋不相连，所以他们对绕过好望角有到达印度的路线这一想法持怀疑态度。
2．What was the main purpose of Vasco da Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．To take control of India.
B．To control the spice trade.
C．To find a trade route to India.
D．To bring back spices from India.
C 解析：细节理解题。第一段解释了葡萄牙国王派遣达·伽马出行的原因find a way to get to India...trading spices in Europe，再由第二段中的told to discover a sea route around Africa to India可知，达·伽马第一次航行到印度的目的是寻找一条贸易路线。
3．Which is the CORRECT route of Gama’s first voyage to India?
A．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
B．Sines→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
C．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Malindi→Mombasa→Calicut.
D．Lisbon→the Cape of Good Hope→Mombasa→Malindi→Calicut.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第三段描述达·伽马第一次从欧洲航海到印度的路线left on his first voyage from Lisbon...rounded...at the Cape of Good Hope...At Malindi(about 120 km northeast of Mombasa)．.. cross the Indian Ocean and arrive in Calicut可知答案。
4．What happened to Gama and his men when they stayed at Calicut?
A．Their trading was well-received.
B．Half of them got a serious illness.
C．They missed the best time to go back home.
D．They were considered unwelcome by the local traders.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的He had brought little of value...doubtful of him可知，到达Calicut之后，由于船上有价值的东西太少，因此达·伽马和他的船员们在那里不受当地商人的欢迎。
完形填空
Every year I write a letter to my daughter on her birthday.I fill it with __1__ things that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days.I add to the letter photos and report cards that would have __2__ as the year passed.
I have a small __3__ in which I keep the things that I want to send my daughter.Every week, I __4__ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.When her birthday approaches, I __5__ that box and find it full of beautiful cards and __6__ memories.
__7__ the letter is written and all the treasures are put into the envelope, I seal(密封) it.It then becomes that year’s __8__ letter.On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy—to be opened when you’re twenty-one years old.It is a gift of __9__ from Dad to her daughter.It is a lasting __10__ of her life written as she was actually living it.
That tradition of __11__ her birthday letters is now one of my duties.As Ann grows __12__， I can see that it is a growing and __13__ part of her life, too.One day, we were talking about life in the __14__．It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday, she will be __15__ with her grandchildren and having fun with them; on her 31st birthday, she will be taking her own kids to school; on her 21st birthday, she will be __16__ university and will be offered a good job soon.“No，” she said, “I will be too busy __17__．”
One of my greatest __18__ is to be alive and present to __19__ that wonderful time in the future when those letters are __20__ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life.
1．A.strange B．unforgettable
C．terrible D．natural
B 解析：A.strange奇怪的； B．unforgettable难忘的； C．terrible可怕的； D．natural自然的。根据下文的： that happened to her on unpleasant days or happy days可知我在信中写一些在不愉快的或愉快的日子发生的难忘的事情， 所以选B。
2．A.arrived B．increased
C．disappeared D．remained
C 解析：A.arrived到达； B．increased增加； C．disappeared消失； D．remained仍然， 留下。根据as the year passed可知我也在信中加上一些随着时间流逝会消失的照片和报告单。所以选C。
3．A.bag B．box
C．basket D．pocket
B 解析：A.bag包； B．box盒子； C．basket篮子； D．pocket 口袋。根据下文： When her birthday approaches, I ______ that box and find it...可知作者有一个盒子，里面装的是想送给女儿的东西， 所以选B。
4．A.make B．send
C．leave D．get
A 解析：A.make制作； B．send派， 送； C．leave留下； D．get得到。每个星期我都会记录一些我能想到的一星期的事情。词组“make notes of记下”， 所以选A。
5．A.look for B．break down
C．fill in D．take out
D 解析：A.look for寻找； B．break down崩溃； C．fill in填写； D．take out拿出。根据下文： find it full of beautiful cards and ______ memories可知当生日临近的时候， 我就会将盒子拿出来， 所以选D。
6．A.sweet B．short
C．magical D．painful
A 解析：A.sweet甜美的； B．short短的； C．magical神奇的； D．painful痛苦的。根据上文的： Every week, I ______ short notes of what I can think of from the week’s events.可知我打开盒子发现它装满了美丽的卡片和甜蜜的记忆。所以选A。
7．A.While B．Once
C．Before D．Unless
B 解析：A.While然而； B．Once一旦； C．Before在……前面； D．Unless除非。一旦这个信写好了， 所有的宝贝被放进了信封， 我就将它们密封。所以选B。
8．A.business B．thank-you
C．Christmas D．birthday
D 解析：A.business生意； B．thank-you谢谢； C．Christmas圣诞节； D．birthday生日。根据下文的句子： when you’re twenty-one years old可知是生日信， 所以选D。
9．A.courage B．hope
C．love D．art
C 解析：A.courage勇气； B．hope希望； C．love爱； D．art 艺术。 根据下文的It is a lasting ______ of her life written as she was actually living it.可知这些信是爸爸对女儿的爱的表示， 所以选C。
10．A.peace B．friendship
C．record D．impression
C 解析：A.peace和平； B．friendship友谊； C．record记录； D．impression印象。这是她生活的永久的记录。所以选C。
11．A.writing B．posting
C．receiving D．answering
A 解析：A.writing写； B．posting邮寄； C．receiving接受； D．answering回答。根据上文： On the envelope I always write: A letter to Ann from Daddy可知写生日信的传统现在是我的责任之一， 所以选A。
12．A.older B．stronger
C．cleverer D．wilder
A 解析：A.older年长的； B．stronger更强大的； C．cleverer 更聪明的； D．wilder更野蛮的。根据下文的句子： I can see that it is a growing and ______ part of her life, too.可知是随着年龄的增长……所以选A。
13．A.early B．special
C．separate D．difficult
B 解析：A.early早的； B．special特殊的； C．separate分离的； D．difficult困难的。我可以看到这是她人生成长的特殊的部分， 所以选B。
14．A.school B．family
C．past D．future
D 解析：A.school学校； B．family家庭； C．past过去； D．future未来。根据下文： It went like this: I jokingly told Ann that on her 61st birthday 可知他们讨论未来的事情， 所以选D。
15．A.arguing B．meeting
C．playing D．sleeping
C 解析：A.arguing争论； B．meeting遇到； C．playing玩； D．sleeping睡觉。根据下文： having fun with them可知她可能和孙子玩耍， 所以选C。
16．A.studying at B．going to
C．teaching at D．graduating from
D 解析：A.studying at研究； B．going to去； C．teaching at教； D．graduating from毕业于。根据下文：and will be offered a good job soon可知21岁是要大学毕业了， 所以选D。
17．A.reading B．working
C．cooking D．learning
A 解析：A.reading阅读； B．working工作； C．cooking烹饪； D．learning学习。根据上文作者的女儿习惯读信， 所以这里表示她会忙于阅读， 所以选A。
18．A.worries B．abilities
C．successes D．wishes
D 解析：A.worries担心； B．abilities能力； C．successes成功； D．wishes愿望。我最大的愿望是未来能活着享受这些美好的时刻。所以选D。
19．A.make B．enjoy
C．remember D．tell
B 解析：A.make制作； B．enjoy享受； C．remember记得； D．tell告诉。根据下文的when those letters are ______ and the accumulated(积累) love walks into her life可知是享受这些美好的时刻。所以选B。
20．A.hidden B．shown
C．opened D．burnt
C 解析：A.hidden躲藏； B．shown展示； C．opened打开； D．burnt燃烧。这些信被打开，累积的爱走近她的生活。所以选C。
B卷 [学生用书P91(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
I wouldn’t
be surprised at all if you love doing sports. Sports are a very important part of human life. However, some are considered to be more dangerous, such as extreme sports. Because of the danger those sports can lead to, many people believe they should be banned(禁止). I strongly believe that extreme sports are not a danger and should not be banned. There are many reasons for letting them stay a part of our life. Firstly, extreme sports can increase confidence. Secondly, extreme sports challenge people and develop their skills. And last but not least, extreme sports can add to a person’s experience, determination and courage.
Some people say that extreme sports are much too risky, and there is always a danger of serious injury or even death. But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous!
Many popular sports in fact can make players injured easily. Football, basketball, gymnastics, figure skating and other sports can lead to bad results. Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports？A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare.
Sports do not just have positive physical effects, but they also have mental and social benefits for those who take part in them. I think that taking away elements of risk, danger, and challenge would leave all sports meaningless. Our society will be healthier if more people take part in all types of sports. Banning dangerous sports only limits the freedom of choosing from a wide range of sports that people should feel free to take part in.
Of course, if you want to take part in an extreme sport, you should always be well prepared. After all, safety comes first.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。极限运动有一定的风险性，很多人倡议禁止极限运动，但作者不赞成这样做。
1．Why does the author mention such activities as driving and traveling by plane?
A．To tell us to avoid such activities.
B．To show extreme sports are really risky.
C．To show risks are common in our daily life.
D．To tell us people’s attitudes toward extreme sports.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的But if you want to remove risks, you will have to avoid many other human activities like driving and traveling by plane. Even crossing a road is dangerous！可知，作者是想表明风险在我们的日常生活里很普遍。
2．Which of the following statements would the author agree with?
A．Football is highly dangerous.
B．Popular sports hardly make people injured.
C．Most people seldom realize the danger of extreme sports.
D．Professional football players know more about ways of avoiding injury.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的Do you know that football is one of the most dangerous sports? A professional football player gets up to 200 injuries of different kinds every year! And the incidents where a player dies during the match are not very rare. 可推测，作者认为足球运动也很危险。
3．What’s the author’s attitude toward extreme sports?
A．Doubtful. B．Worried.
C．Negative. D．Positive.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据文章内容可知，作者认为极限运动不应该被禁止，因此他对极限运动持肯定的态度。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Should Extreme Sports Be Banned or Not?
B．Should Children Play Dangerous Sports?
C．How Do We Benefit from Risky Sports?
D．Why Do People Love Football?
A 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是围绕极限运动是否应该被禁止展开的。
B
On any given day, you can find most 10-year-old boys throwing a ball around outside, riding their bikes, or playing video games. But Braden Baker is different.
Braden is a hearing impaired(受损的) 5th-grader and has to wear hearing aids(助听器). Unluckily, Braden’s dog Chewy found his hearing aids on the floor and destroyed them—not once, but twice—and they had to be replaced. But at $3，500 to $6，000 a pair, Braden’s carelessness was costly.
Braden’s mother Ashley sat Braden down and had a long talk about taking better care of his hearing aids, explaining just how much they cost. “I told him that he was lucky we could buy another pair and that some people couldn’t afford a new pair，” Ashley said.
Those words clearly stuck in Braden’s mind, who realized that not every child who needed hearing aids could afford them. So recently, the 10-year-old took it upon himself to start a GoFundMe page to raise money for those who aren’t so lucky.
Braden made a video to explain why he wanted to raise money. Ashley said, “We weren’t really sure how it would turn out. He began with a goal of $1, 000. We woke up the next morning and found that it had raised $400.”
This encouraged him to start making even more videos. Fast-forward a few months and Braden’s GoFundMe page has raised over $15，000, which Braden donated to the Oticon Hearing Foundation. And that money will be used to help other families buy hearing aids for their children.
The project has not only taught Braden the value of money, but according to his mom，“he’s learned that if you put a small idea into action, amazing things can happen.”
As for Braden’s advice to those looking for ways to give back to others？“Don’t give up！Any small idea can get really big.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的听障男孩发起筹资网页，帮助贫困听障儿童购买助听器的故事。
5．Why did Braden change his hearing aids?
A．He wanted a better pair of hearing aids.
B．The old pairs were destroyed by his dog.
C．His hearing problem became more serious.
D．He lost the old pairs because of his carelessness.
B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段的第二句可知，Braden的狗找到并弄坏了他的助听器。
6．What has led to Braden starting a GoFundMe page?
A．His mother’s words about the usefulness of hearing aids.
B．His mother’s encouragement for him to do good things.
C．His wish to help poor children with hearing problems.
D．His need to buy a new pair of hearing aids.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的Braden’s mind，who realized that ... raise money for those who aren’t so lucky 可知，Braden了解到有些听障儿童买不起助听器，因此他想筹资帮助这些孩子。
7．How did Braden and his mother feel when the page was started?
A．Uncertain. B．Satisfied.
C．Hopeful. D．Unexpected.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的We weren’t really sure how it would turn out.可知，一开始发起筹资网页时，Braden和妈妈都不确定结果会怎样。
8．What has Braden learned from working on the project?
A．One should always use money smartly.
B．A small idea can make a big difference.
C．Videoing is a good way to reach people.
D．It’s important to dream big and hold on to it.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的he’s learned that if you ...things can happen 可知，Braden 通过筹资学到一件事：将小小的想法付诸行动，会有很棒的结果出现。
C
You’ll be likely to become angry if you don’t get a good night’s sleep, a new paper reports. Cutting a few hours of sleep out of your schedule isn’t as good an idea as it may appear. Researchers at the Iowa State University report that missing sleep will make you angrier, leaving you ill-equipped to deal with uneasy situations. This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger.
The link between lack(短缺)of sleep and negative moods (anger included) has been proved in past research, but the problem is that we know that the two come together, but not that whether one causes the other. In the current study, Krizan and co-author Garrett Hisler, an ISU doctoral student, deal with this question.
Under the study, volunteers were divided into two groups. The control group followed their normal sleep routine, while the experimental group cut two to four hours of sleep each night for two nights. On average, the control group got almost seven hours of sleep a night, while the experimental group got about four and a half hours each night.
In order to measure anger, they had volunteers visit the lab before and after the sleep manipulation(操纵). All the while, they were asked to listen to some unpleasant brown and white noise. Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions.
“In general, anger was much higher for those whose sleep was restricted(限制)，”Krizan said. “We manipulated how unpleasant the noise was during the task. As expected, volunteers reported more anger when the noise was more unpleasant. When sleep was restricted, people reported even more anger, regardless of the noise.”
Sleep loss is known to increase negative moods, such as anxiety and sadness, and decrease positive moods, such as happiness and excitement. However, the team says they found that sleep loss uniquely affected anger.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大家都知道睡眠不足和坏情绪之间有联系，但是之前的研究都没有表明到底是睡眠不足引起了愤怒，还是愤怒引起了睡眠不足。最新的一项研究给出了答案。
9．What did the study mentioned find out?
A．Some disadvantages of sleeping less.
B．Some signs of having poor-quality sleep.
C．The link between lack of sleep and negative moods.
D．The cause-effect relationship between sleep loss and anger.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的This is one of the first studies to provide evidence that sleep loss causes anger. 以及第二段内容可知，文中提到的这项研究是发现了睡眠不足和怒气之间的因果关系。
10．What’s the purpose of asking the volunteers to listen to unpleasant noise?
A．To make them angry.
B．To make them awake.
C．To take their attention away.
D．To affect their thinking ability.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的In order to measure anger 和Krizan says the purpose was to create uncomfortable conditions. 以及后面的实验结果可推测，这个实验中的噪音主要是想提供一个令人不舒服的环境，激起志愿者们的怒气。
11．From what Krizan said, we know ________．
A．the reasons for the study
B．the findings of the study
C．the process of the study
D．the method used in the study
B 解析：推理判断题。从倒数第二段Krizan说的话中，我们可以知道关于这项研究的一些发现。
书面表达
根据图画写一篇短文， 叙述某天小明与其妈妈发生的故事。
①妈妈阻止儿子去扶摔倒的女孩；②儿子对于倒了的油瓶置之不理。
要求：1.不仅要表述出图中的内容， 还要发表自己的感想；
2．词数：100左右；
3．开头已给出， 不计入总词数。
One day, Xiao Ming saw a little girl fall over.He wanted to help the girl up, but his mother stopped him and said, __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version:
One_day,_Xiao_Ming_saw_a_little_girl_fall_over.He_wanted_to_help_the_girl_up,_but_his_mother_stopped_him_and_said,_ “Don’t do that; otherwise others will think it was you who knocked her down.” A few days later, the mother was shocked to see Xiao Ming just let the fallen oil bottle be.And Xiao Ming said to his mother, “If I did something about the bottle, you would think that it was I who knocked it over.”
I disagree with what the mother did in the story.I think parents should not only care for their children’s health, but their minds.They should let their children know it is a pleasure to help others who are in trouble.We live in the society which is a big family for all of us.
Everyone should do something good to build up our society, right?
课件49张PPT。Unit 1 The world of our senses
