A卷 [学生用书P97(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
English
language learners, also known as ELLs, are students with limited English abilities. American public school systems seek to develop programs to help such students improve their English. The goal is to give students the language skills they need to fully take part in educational activities and help them succeed in the classroom. Studies have shown clear connections between greater English-language abilities and improved educational results.
The state with the highest number of ELL students was California. Twenty-one percent of its public school students were English language learners in 2015. The next highest states were Texas and Nevada. Nearly 17 percent of both states’ students were ELLs. In eight states, ELLs made up 10 percent or more of the total public school students.
Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts. In 14 states, the percentage of ELLs fell in 2015 compared to 2010. The largest drop, which was 4 percent, was reported in the western state of Nevada.
About 77 percent of ELL students said they mainly spoke Spanish at home. Twenty-one percent of Spanish-speaking ELLs lived in California. Arabic is the second most common language spoken at home by ELL students. Chinese is the third most commonly spoken language by American ELL students. About 2 percent of the total—or about 101，000 students—identified(认定) themselves as Chinese speakers at home. About 81，000 ELL students reported speaking Vietnamese at home. That is 1.7 percent of all ELLs.
About 14 percent of ELLs lived in cities, the National Center for Education Statistics reported. Nine percent lived in suburban(郊区的) areas. And around 6.5 percent lived in small towns, while 3.6 percent were in the countryside.
Not surprisingly, most English language learners were in lower grade levels. In 2015, 67 percent of students were either in kindergarten or grades 1 through 5. The other 33 percent were in sixth through 12th grades.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国的很多公立学校里有很多英语不好的学生，他们的英语能力影响到了他们的学习成绩。
1．What can we know about ELLs in America during 2010 to 2015?
A．Over half of ELLs lived in suburban areas.
B．Massachusetts had the highest number of ELLs.
C．There were more and more ELLs in many states.
D．The number of ELLs in California increased by 21%.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts.可知，在2010年至2015年间，有三十六个州英语语言学习者的数量都在上升。
2．Which of the following is the most widely spoken by American ELLs at home?
A．Arabic. B．Spanish.
C．Chinese. D．Vietnamese.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，美国英语语言学习者在家里说西班牙语最普遍。
3．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Languages spoken in the US.
B．Programs to help ELLs in the US.
C．English language learners in the US.
D．The most popular languages in the US.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文围绕美国那些英语能力不高的英语语言学习者展开，介绍了其数量、比例、分布地区以及能力水平方面的相关信息。
B
Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
4．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
5．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
6．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
7．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
C
If you have a chance to take a walk in a park, look carefully at the people walking their dogs.You’ll probably find friendly-looking people with friendly dogs; quiet people with quiet dogs; large men with oversized dogs and long-haired women with long-eared dogs.As you’ve probably noticed, dogs and their owners look alike.Have you ever wondered why?
These similarities are so common that researchers have tried to explain them.There are two theories(理论): the convergence theory and the selection theory.The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.In other words, they “converge”．The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.
Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.Then they asked some students to match the dogs’ photos with their owners.The students were quite successful with purebred(纯种的) dogs: they correctly matched 16 out of 25 with their owners.However, they had almost no success connecting mixed-breed(杂交的) dogs with their owners.When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.And since it was the purebreds not the mixed-breeds that looked like their owners, the research seems to prove the“selection theory”．
But one bit of warning.Although many people look like their dogs, not all dog owners enjoy having the similarity pointed out to them.So, even if the similarity is amazing, don’t go up to a stranger and say，“Wow, you look just like your dog！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出很多狗和它们的主人长相相似，并介绍了此现象背后的两个理论以及所做的研究。
8．The convergence theory explains that the similarity between dogs and their owners ________．
A．decreases with the age of them
B．decreases with increasing differences
C．increases with the period of ownership
D．increases with increasing attractiveness
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.”可知，趋于一致理论告诉我们：狗和主人在一起的时间越长，长相越相似。
9．According to the selection theory, why do dogs look like their owners?
A．They influence each other.
B．They often do the same thing.
C．Dogs follow what their owners do.
D．Owners pick dogs that look like them.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.”可知，根据选择理论，狗主人在选择宠物狗的时候，会挑选那些和他们长相相似的。
10．What’s the purpose of the research?
A．To test two similarity theories.
B．To prove the selection theory.
C．To help people choose proper dogs.
D．To show the differences between dogs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.”可知，该研究是为了测试上述两个论证狗和主人长相相似的理论。
11．What can we learn from the research?
A．Purebred dogs have predictable appearance.
B．Most owners want their dogs to look like them.
C．Mixed-breeds and their owners share similarities.
D．Most owners prefer purebred dogs to mixed-breeds.、
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.”可知，纯种狗的外貌一般可预测，而杂交狗的外貌则不可预测。
七选五
Four benefits of writing by hand
Today is National Handwriting Day! Although we don’t write like we used to, here are four ways handwriting is still helpful.
It’s better for learning.
1．________ That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. One study from 2010 found that the brain areas related to learning “lit up” much more when kids were asked to write words like “spaceship” by hand versus just studying the word closely.
2．________
Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer. Writer Susan Sontag once said that she penned her first drafts(草稿) before typing them up for editing later. She said, “3.________” A 2009 study seems to support Sontag’s preference for writing by hand: Elementary school students who wrote essays with a pen not only wrote more than their keyboard-tapping friends, but they also wrote faster and in more complete sentences.
It will prevent you from being distracted(分心)．
The computer in front of you is really a distraction. 4.________ In 2012, scientists even suggested that taking five-minute breaks to browse Tumblr or BuzzFeed could make you a more productive worker. However, when it’s time to work on that essay, have only a pen and paper in front of you.
It keeps your brain sharp as you get older.
5．________ According to The Wall Street Journal, some physicians say that the act of writing is good exercise for those who want to keep their minds sharp as they age.
A．It makes you a better writer.
B．Writing is good for your brain.
C．Of course, the Internet isn’t all bad.
D．I like the slowness of writing by hand.
E．Try writing by hand at least 20 minutes each day.
F．Many writers have a preference for writing by hand.
G．One of the most effective ways to study is to rewrite your notes by hand.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了用手写作的四个好处。
1．G 解析：根据下一句That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. (那是因为把墨水放在纸上刺激大脑)可知，上句要表达的意思是：学习最有效的方法之一是用手去改写你的笔记。故选G项。
2．A 解析：此空是小标题。根据其他标题的开头都用It的特点，再根据下文Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer.许多著名作家更喜欢用手工书写而不是打字机或电脑。可知A项(它使你成为一个更好的作家)符合题意。
3．D 解析：根据下句：一项2009年的研究似乎支持Sontag的偏爱手写。可知上句的意思是：我喜欢用手写字的缓慢。故选D项。
4．C 解析：根据上句The computer in front of you is really a distraction.在你面前的电脑真的是一种分心物。可知，C项(当然，网络并不都是坏的)符合题意。
5．B 解析：根据一些内科医生所说的“写作行为对那些想保持头脑清晰的人来说是一种很好的锻炼”可知，B项(写作对你的大脑是有好处的)符合题意。
B卷 [学生用书P99(单独成册)]
阅读理解
“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty.This is as real as it gets，”sing The Sisters of Invention.
The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.
The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.
Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says，“We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”
All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti.“We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today？’”says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says，“What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see.It is creative gold.”
When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says，“They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties.They’re up there to show their strengths.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。
1．What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?
A．All its members are disabled.
B．It was founded all by five girls.
C．It has existed for less than ten years.
D．They perform not in order to make money.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。
2．The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because ________．
A．they all have great talent
B．they help each other like sisters
C．they have the same experiences
D．they are good at inventing things
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。
3．How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?
A．By talking with the girls.
B．By asking the girls questions.
C．By learning about pop culture.
D．By using his personal experiences.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。
4．How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?
A．They will feel bored.
B．They will be inspired.
C．They will feel disappointed.
D．They will have pity on them.
B 解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。
完形填空
My name is John Sweeney. I’m the founder and Chief Kindness Officer of a worldwide social __1__called Suspended Coffees. I’m a storyteller and teacher of__2__．
For me, kindness has not only__3__my life, but also saved it. Three years ago, I was alone, feeling__4__and thinking my life was worthless when I read about Suspended Coffees. Up until that point in my life, I’d been bullied(欺凌) everywhere I went and made to feel__5__. Yet since the day I was born, all I’ve ever wanted to do was make people happy，__6__ people and be kind to others—it’s always been my__7__ in life.
Since the beginning of this activity, I’ve had a dream of__8__the world through kindness. Yes, our work is about buying coffee for others, but the real__9__ of the activity is bringing the world together__10__ kindness.
Kindness has changed my life and the lives of many others. One nice lady emailed me yesterday, saying she has __11__tried to die three times in the last seven months, but because of the message we’re __12__， she is able to smile now. She’s __13__ to be kind to her doctors, which has resulted in them__14__ her more kindly. I know that has a positive__15__ on her doctors too, because when they leave her, they seem__16__．
I believe the world__17__more kindness, but we also need to be kind to ourselves. It’s the most important part of our lives because our lives actually__18__it. Whenever I am asked__19__ I measure(估量) the effect of all the kindness I’ve shown to the world, my answer is always simple—you can’t measure the impact of an act of kindness because it is far__20__ than we can imagine.
【解题导语】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过描述自己在Suspended Coffees活动中的经历，以及受此影响而变得积极善良的故事来阐述一个道理：人生需要保持善良，多做善事，别人也会善待我们。
1．A.job B．class
C．relation D．activity
D 解析：根据后文的内容可知，Suspended Coffees是一次“社会活动”，故应选择activity。
2．A.blindness B．kindness
C．happiness D．illness
B 解析：综合全文的内容可知，作者不仅在讲故事，也在教导我们多做善事，故选B项。
3．A.ruined B．built
C．changed D．controlled
C 解析：根据本段内容可知，善行“改变”了作者，也拯救了作者。
4．A.terrified B．sad
C．tired D．strange
B 解析：根据后文my life was worthless可知，作者感觉“难过”。
5．A.homeless B．careless
C．harmless D．useless
D 解析：根据上文的worthless以及作者被欺凌的语境可知，作者感觉自己是“无用的”。
6．A.attract B．help
C．meet D．trust
B 解析：根据上文的make people happy以及下文的be kind to others可知，作者一直想“帮助”别人。
7．A.luck B．trouble
C．result D．purpose
D 解析：作者自打出生起就帮助别人，善待别人，这也是他生活的“目的”。
8．A.connecting B．finding
C．touring D．leading
A 解析：根据后文的bringing the world together可知，作者想用善良将世界“连接”起来。
9．A.heart B．rule
C．excuse D．source
A 解析：作者发起这一活动的“核心”就是把世界连接起来，故选A项。
10．A.in B．on
C．at D．with
D 解析：这里表示“用”善行将世界连接起来，故选with。
11．A.nearly B．usually
C．already D．hardly
C 解析：根据后文的three times in the last seven months可知，这位女士在过去的七个月中“已经”尝试过三次自杀。
12．A.providing B．spreading
C．receiving D．making
B 解析：我们所“传播”的信念让这位女士放弃了自杀的念头。
13．A.promised B．learned
C．challenged D．failed
B 解析：这位女士后来善待医生，说明她之前并没有意识到做善举的好处，现在“学会”了善待别人。
14．A.greeting B．educating
C．persuading D．treating
D 解析：这位女士善待医生，反过来医生更加“善待”她。
15．A.impression B．pressure
C．influence D．opinion
C 解析：病人善待医生，医生会更加善待病人，这对医生而言也会有积极的“影响”。
16．A.safer B．busier
C．sleepier D．happier
D 解析：医生因为感受到了病人的善良，所以离开的时候看起来更“快乐”。
17．A.shows B．gives
C．needs D．means
C 解析：根据后文的we also need to be kind to ourselves可知，世界“需要”更多的善举，但我们也需要善待我们自己。
18．A.act on B．depend on
C．agree on D．concentrate on
B 解析：善良是我们生命中最重要的一个部分，因为我们的生命“依靠”善良。
19．A.what B．when
C．how D．why
C 解析：根据后文的内容可知，作者被问及“如何”估量善行的影响。
20．A.greater B．higher
C．quicker D．easier
A 解析：“我们”无法衡量善行的影响，是因为它的影响“大”得远远超出了我们的想象。
语法填空
Hello，I’m Helen.I’m introducing you to one of the most famous 1.____________(theatre)in the world，2.____________ you can hear and see wonderful performances of opera and ballet.It’s the Royal Opera House.The Royal Opera House was built in 1858.And it 3.____________(be) actually the third theatre that we have had on this land at Covent Garden.The first theatre was built in 1732，and it burnt down in 1808.The second one was built in 1809 and it burnt down in 1856.
But it’s not just the 4.____________(build) that makes it 5.____________(impress)；it’s also the performances on stage that make it an amazing place 6.____________(visit)．The Royal Opera House is home 7.____________ two companies，the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera.They are both full-time here，and they give almost 300 performances of opera and ballet every year.
The Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera have dancers and singers from all over 8.____________ world. In recent years，we’ve had two famous singers from China—Zhang Liping and Dai Yuqiang.
There are some cheap tickets 9.____________(offer)there，but the number of them is limited，so I think the best thing to do is to buy 10.____________(they) in advance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了与英国皇家歌剧院相关的一些信息。
1．theatres 解析：由该空前面的one of the most famous 可知，此处填theatre的复数形式theatres.
2．where 解析：分析句子结构可知，填关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，where在该定语从句中作地点状语。
3．is 解析：根据该空后面的that we have had on this land at Covent Garden可知，这里用一般现在时。
4．building 解析：由该空前的the可知填build的名词形式building，意为：建筑物。
5．impressive 解析：此处指“让人印象深刻的，给人深刻印象的”，故填impress的形容词形式impressive。
6．to visit 解析：此处填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。
7．to 解析：be home to为固定短语，在此意为：是……的所在地。
8．the 解析：from all over the world为固定短语，在此意为：来自世界各地的。
9．offered 解析：该空前面的cheap tickets是动词offer所表示动作逻辑上的宾语，故填offer的过去分词形式作后置定语。
10．them 解析：动词buy后面跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them，指代前面提到的cheap tickets。
当今社会， 一个人会讲两、三种语言已不再是什么稀奇的事。但你有没有思考过这样一个问题：世界上到底有多少种语言？ 读完下面的短文， 会让你大吃一惊。
When people are asked how many languages they think there are in the world, the answers vary quite a bit.One random(随意的)sampling of New Yorkers, for instance, resulted in answers like “probably several hundred”．However we choose to count them, though, this is not close.When we look at reference works, we find estimates(估计) that have escalated (上升) over time.The 1911(11th)edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica(大英百科全书), for example, implies a figure somewhere around 1，000, a number that climbs steadily over the course of the twentieth century.
That is not due to any increase in the number of languages, but rather to our increased understanding of how many languages are actually spoken in areas that had previously been under-described.Much pioneering work in proving the languages of the world has been done by missionary(传教的) organizations(such as the Summer Institute of Linguistics)with an interest in translating the Christian Bible(圣经)．As of 1997, at least a portion of the Bible had been translated into 2，197 different languages, still a long way short of full coverage.The most extensive catalog(目录) of the world’s languages, generally taken to be as authoritative(权威的) as any, is that of the Ethnology(人类学) organization, whose detailed classified list currently includes 6，809 distinct languages.
Section Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading—Warming Up
1．defeat vt. 击败， 战胜
2．replace vt. 替换， 代替， 取代
3．raise vt. 养育， 培养；举起；增加，提高；
筹募； 提及
4．therefore adv. 因此， 所以
5．process n. 过程；进程
6．distinction n. 区别， 差别
7．accent n. 口音， 腔调；着重点
8．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、 空间等)→occupation n．职业；占有；消遣；居住
9．mixture n．混合， 混合体→mix v．混合；掺入；合成；融合
10．official adj.官方的， 正式的→officially adv.官方地；正式地；公务上→officer n．官员；高级职员；警官；军官
11．contribution n．贡献，促成因素；捐赠→contribute vt.捐助；投稿
12．entire adj.完全的，整个的→entirely adv.完全地；全部地
1．be_made_up_of/consist_of 由……组成(构成)
2．name_after 以……命名
3．aside_from 除……之外
4．make_contributions_to 对……做出贡献
5．take_control_of 控制， 取得对……的控制
6．lead_to 导致
7．replace...with... 用……替代……
8．mother_tongue 母语， 本国语
9．go_through 经历
10．keep_on 持续
1．why引导的表语从句
That is why_English_has_so_many_difficult_rules(为什么英语有这么多很难的规则) that confuse people.
2．even though引导让步状语从句
Even_though_the_Normans_spoke_French(尽管诺曼人讲法语) for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as the first language.
3．do/did强调谓语动词
On the other hand, the English language did_borrow(的确借用了) many words from French.
4．while连接两个并列成分
After the Norman Conquest, high-class people spoke French while(然而) common people spoke English.
5．whether引导宾语从句
The question of whether_English_will_keep_on_changing(英语是否会继续变化) in the future is easy to answer.
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Celtic was ________．
A．spoken by Germans in the middle of 5th century
B．one of the two Germanic tribes who invaded Britain
C．the language used in Britain before the middle of the 5th century
D．called Old English
2．Old English consisted of different languages used by different people.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text?
A．The Angles and the Saxons.
B．The Vikings.
C．French.
D．Celtic.
3．Which language had an important effect on the English language during Middle English period?
A．German. B．French.
C．Latin. D．Greek.
4．From the text, we can learn that ________．
A．the plural forms of man and child were borrowed from French
B．the Angles and the Saxons made the greatest contribution in the history of English
C．Old English was made up of Celtic and the language of the Angles and the Saxons
D．English has many words and phrases with similar meanings which came from different languages
答案：1－4.CCBD
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066.
The most important contribution was from the Normans是主干句； a French-speaking people是 ____________；who defeated England and took control of the country in 1066是who引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人， 他们在1066年击败了英格兰____________________。
答案：同位语；定语；并控制了这个国家
2．The question of whether English will keep on changing in the future is easy to answer.
本句的主干句是The question is easy to answer, 句中的is easy to answer为主动形式表________， 不定式与主语之间为逻辑上的________关系； whether English will keep on changing in the future 是whether引导的________从句。
[尝试翻译] 英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题________________。
答案：被动；动宾；宾语；是容易回答的
English and its history
All through① history, people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain. The English language is made up of② the grammar and vocabulary③ these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people ④.
①all through一直，从来就
②be made up of由……组成(构成)
make up编造；构成；弥补(for)；和解；化妆
③vocabulary[v?'k?bj?l?rI]n.词汇
these people brought to Britain是定语从句，修饰先行词
the grammar and vocabulary，关系代词省略了。
④why 引导表语从句，其中又包含that引导的定语从句。
英语及其历史
有史以来，在不列颠共同生活着来自许多不同国家和文化背景的人们。英语是由进入不列颠的这些人所说的语言的语法和词汇构成的。这就是为什么英语有这么多很难的困惑人们的规则的原因。
Old English
Old English is very different from⑤ the English we speak nowadays⑥. In fact⑦， we would not be able to under-stand it if we heard it today. Before the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic⑧. Then two Germanic⑨ groups from the European mainlandB10—the Angles? and the Saxons?—occupied? Britain. Old English consisted of?a mixture? of their languages. (Both the English language and the English people are named after? the Angles；the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from? place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of? the 9th century, the Vikings?， people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway?， began to move to Britain. They brought with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English(. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official( language of England.
When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words of phrases( to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different languages(, but with similar meanings. For example(, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons(，while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians(.
⑤be different from...与……不同
⑥nowadays['na??deIz]adv.现在，如今
⑦in fact事实上
⑧Celtic['keltIk]n.凯尔特语
⑨Germanic[d???'m?nIk]adj.日耳曼语(族)的
mainland['meInl?nd]n.大陆
?Angle['??ɡl]n.盎格鲁人 ?Saxon['s?ksn]n.撒克逊人
?occupy['?kj?paI]vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)
?consist of由……组成(构成)(＝be made up of)，无被动语态。consist[k?n'sIst]vi.组成，构成
?mixture['mIkst??(r)]n.混合，混合体
?name after以……命名
?aside from除……之外 aside[?'saId]adv.除……之外
?at the end of...在……末
?Viking['vaIkI?]n.维京人，北欧海盗
?people from...and Norway是the Vikings的同位语。
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰languages。
official[?'fI?l]adj.官方的，正式的
phrase[freIz]n.词组，短语
This is because...“这是因为……”，because引导表语从句。其中介词短语from different languages作定语，修饰words and phrases。
for example例如
过去分词短语once used by...作后置定语，修饰a word。
while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表对比。
古英语
古英语和现在我们说的英语非常不同。事实上，如果我们今天听到古英语，会听不懂。公元5世纪中叶以前，不列颠所有的人都说一种叫凯尔特语的语言。然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部族——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。古英语是由他们语言的混合体组成的。(英语和英国人都是按照盎格鲁人来命名的；Angle这个词在古英语里拼作Engle。)除了像伦敦这样的地名之外，很少有几个凯尔特语词汇成为古英语的一部分。在9世纪末，来自北欧诸国例如丹麦和挪威的维京人开始向不列颠移居。他们带来了他们的语言，这些语言也与古英语交汇在了一起。到了10世纪，古英语已成为英格兰的官方语言。
现在，当我们讲英语时，我们有时会对用哪些单词或短语感到困惑。这是因为英语有着许多来自不同语言的单词和短语，但是这些单词和短语有着相似的意思。比如，sick一词就是来自盎格鲁人和撒克逊人曾经用过的一个词，而ill则来自曾经被挪威人用过的一个词。
Middle English
Middle English is the name given to the Englishused from around the 12th to the 15th centuries(. Many things played a part in( the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution( was from the Normans(, a French-speaking people who defeated( England and took control of( the country in 1066(. However(, the Norman Conquest( did not affect( English as much as the Angles and the Saxons’ victory about 600 years earlier, which led to( Old English replacing( Celtic(. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire( 250 years they ruled England(, French did not replace English as the first language. On the other hand(, the English language did borrow many words from French. This resulted in( even more words with similar meanings, such as ( answer (from Old English) and reply (from Old French). It is interesting to learn how the words for animals and meat developed. After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as( servants( who raised( animals(. Therefore(, the words we use for most animals raised for food(, such as cow, sheep and pig, came from Old English. However, the words for the meat of these animals, which was served to the Normans(, came from Old French：beef, mutton(, pork and bacon(.
given to...是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰name。其中used from...也是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰English。
play a part in在……中起作用，参与
contribution[?k?ntrI'bju??n]n.贡献，促成因素；捐赠
make contributions to为……做贡献
Norman['n??m?n]n.& adj.诺曼人(的)
defeat[dI'fi?t]vt.击败，战胜
take control of控制，取得对……的控制
who引导定语从句，修饰a French-speaking people。
however“然而”，可放在句首、句中或句末，但要注意标点。
the Norman Conquest['k??kwest]诺曼征服(诺曼人对英格兰的军事征服)
affect vt.影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭 effect n．影响
have an/no effect on 对……有/没有影响
lead to“导致”，其中to为介词。
replace[rI'pleIs]vt.替换，代替，取代
which引导非限制性定语从句。
entire[In'taI?(r)]adj.完全的，整个的
even though引导让步状语从句。
on the other hand另一方面
result in造成，导致 such as诸如，比如
work as担任，充当 servant['s??v?nt]n.仆人
raise[reIz]vt.养育，培养；举起；增加，提高；筹募；提及
who引导定语从句，修饰servants。
therefore['ee?f??(r)]adv.因此，所以
we use...是定语从句修饰words；raised for food是过去分词短语作后置定语。
which引导非限制性定语从句。
mutton['m?tn]n.羊肉 bacon['beIk?n]n.熏猪肉，咸猪肉
中古英语
中古英语是给大约12世纪到15世纪期间使用过的英语起的名字。在这一新型英语的发展中，许多事件起了作用。最大的贡献来自讲法语的诺曼人，他们在1066年击败了英格兰并控制了这个国家。然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。尽管诺曼人在统治英格兰的整整250年间一直讲法语，但是法语并没有取代英语成为第一语言。另一方面，英语也确实借用了许多法语单词。这造成了甚至更多意思相近的单词，比如answer(来自古英语)和reply(来自古法语)。了解有关动物和肉的词汇是怎样演变而来的是件挺有趣的事。诺曼征服之后，许多英国人以仆人的身份从事饲养动物的工作。因此，我们使用的作为食物类饲养的大部分动物的单词，比如cow(母牛)，sheep(绵羊)和pig(猪)，来自古英语。然而，由于这些动物的肉是供应给诺曼人的，所以指代这些动物的肉的词来自古法语，如beef(牛肉)，mutton(羊肉)，pork(猪肉)和bacon(熏猪肉，咸猪肉)。
Old French made other contributions to Middle English as well(.In Old English, the Germanic way of making( words plural( was used. For example, they said housen instead of( houses, and shoen instead of shoes. After the Normans took control(, they began using the French way of making plurals, adding an-s to( house and shoe. Only a few words kept their Germanic plural forms, such as man/men and child/children.
After the Norman Conquest, high-class( people spoke French while common people spoke English(. However, by the latter half of the 14th century, English had come into widespread use( among all classes( in England. In 1399, Henry Ⅳ became King of England. His mother tongue( was English, and he used English for all official events.
as well“也”，一般不用于否定句，通常放在句末，表示强调时可放在句中。
the way of doing sth.＝the way to do sth.做某事的方法
plural['pl??r?l]n.&adj.复数形式(的)，常缩略为pl.。
instead of代替，而不是
after引导时间状语从句。
add...to...把……加到……上
high-class[?haI'klɑ?s]adj.上层社会的
while作并列连词，表示转折和对比，意思是“而，却”。
come into use开始被使用
class n．阶级，阶层
mother tongue n．母语，本国语
古法语也为中古英语做出了其他贡献。在古英语中，单词变复数采用了日耳曼语中单词变复数的方法。例如，他们说housen而不是houses，说shoen而不是shoes。在诺曼人控制英格兰之后，他们开始使用法语的复数构成形式，在house和shoe后面加-s。只有很少的单词保留了日耳曼语的复数形式，如man/men和child/children。
诺曼征服之后，上层社会的人讲法语，而普通人则讲英语。但是到了14世纪后半叶，英语已经被英格兰所有社会阶层广泛使用。1399年，亨利四世成了英格兰国王。他的母语是英语，他在所有正式场合都使用英语。
Modern English
Modern English appeared( during the RenaissanceB67 in the 16th century. Because ofB68 this, Modern English includesB69 many LatinB70 and GreekB71 words. Pronunciation also went throughB72 huge changes during this period. Of course, this was not the end of the changes in the English language. The question of whether English will keep on changingB73 in the future is easy to answerB74. It is certain that this processB75 will continueB76, and people will keep inventing new words and new ways of saying things.
appear vi.出现，显现，没有被动语态。
the Renaissance[rI'neIsns]n.(欧洲)文艺复兴
because of因为 include vt.包括
Latin['l?tIn]n.&adj.拉丁语(的)
Greek[ɡri?k]adj.希腊语的，希腊(人)的n.希腊语，希腊人
go through经历 keep on doing继续做
whether引导的宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。
process['pr??ses]n.过程；进程
in (the)process of 在……的过程中，在进行中
it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。
现代英语
现代英语出现于16世纪的文艺复兴时期。由于这个原因，现代英语中含有许多拉丁语及希腊语单词。在此期间，(英语)发音也经历了巨大的变化。当然，这并不是英语语言变化的终结。英语是否会在将来继续变化这个问题是容易回答的。可以肯定的是，这一进程将会继续，而且人们将会不断地发明新的单词和新的表达事物的方式。
A卷 [学生用书P97(单独成册)]
阅读理解
A
English
language learners, also known as ELLs, are students with limited English abilities. American public school systems seek to develop programs to help such students improve their English. The goal is to give students the language skills they need to fully take part in educational activities and help them succeed in the classroom. Studies have shown clear connections between greater English-language abilities and improved educational results.
The state with the highest number of ELL students was California. Twenty-one percent of its public school students were English language learners in 2015. The next highest states were Texas and Nevada. Nearly 17 percent of both states’ students were ELLs. In eight states, ELLs made up 10 percent or more of the total public school students.
Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts. In 14 states, the percentage of ELLs fell in 2015 compared to 2010. The largest drop, which was 4 percent, was reported in the western state of Nevada.
About 77 percent of ELL students said they mainly spoke Spanish at home. Twenty-one percent of Spanish-speaking ELLs lived in California. Arabic is the second most common language spoken at home by ELL students. Chinese is the third most commonly spoken language by American ELL students. About 2 percent of the total—or about 101，000 students—identified(认定) themselves as Chinese speakers at home. About 81，000 ELL students reported speaking Vietnamese at home. That is 1.7 percent of all ELLs.
About 14 percent of ELLs lived in cities, the National Center for Education Statistics reported. Nine percent lived in suburban(郊区的) areas. And around 6.5 percent lived in small towns, while 3.6 percent were in the countryside.
Not surprisingly, most English language learners were in lower grade levels. In 2015, 67 percent of students were either in kindergarten or grades 1 through 5. The other 33 percent were in sixth through 12th grades.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。美国的很多公立学校里有很多英语不好的学生，他们的英语能力影响到了他们的学习成绩。
1．What can we know about ELLs in America during 2010 to 2015?
A．Over half of ELLs lived in suburban areas.
B．Massachusetts had the highest number of ELLs.
C．There were more and more ELLs in many states.
D．The number of ELLs in California increased by 21%.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Thirty-six states and the District of Columbia saw a rise in the number of ELL students from 2010 to 2015. The largest increase—3 percent—was reported in Massachusetts.可知，在2010年至2015年间，有三十六个州英语语言学习者的数量都在上升。
2．Which of the following is the most widely spoken by American ELLs at home?
A．Arabic. B．Spanish.
C．Chinese. D．Vietnamese.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，美国英语语言学习者在家里说西班牙语最普遍。
3．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Languages spoken in the US.
B．Programs to help ELLs in the US.
C．English language learners in the US.
D．The most popular languages in the US.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文围绕美国那些英语能力不高的英语语言学习者展开，介绍了其数量、比例、分布地区以及能力水平方面的相关信息。
B
Gabriella’s family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old. As a compound bilingual(熟谙两种语言的人), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish. Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, spanish at home. Finally, Gabriella’s parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.
Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language. It seems that the difference may not be apparent. But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain. It’s well known that the brain’s left hemisphere(半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones. Language involves both types of functions. Critical period hypothesis says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.
Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages. But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn’t have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it’s never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap form “Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，双语学习能使大脑更聪明、健康和活跃；学习外语永远不迟。
4．Why is Gabriella’s family used as the example in Paragraph 1?
A．To show that the family are bilinguals.
B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.
C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.
D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Gabriella家中有三种不同的双语学习类型的人，即Gabriella同时学习英语和西班牙语；她的弟弟在学校学习英语，在家里学习西班牙语；她的父母则通过将第二语言翻译为母语来学习第二语言。据此可知，第一段以Gabriella的家庭为例是为了说明三种不同双语学习类型的人，故C项正确。
5．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?
A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.
B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.
C．Because their mother tongue doesn’t influence them much.
D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句中的“children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left”可知，儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们在语言学习中使用两个脑半球，而在大多数成年人中，学习语言依赖于一个脑半球，通常是左半球，故B项正确。
6．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in Paragraph 3?
A．Disease. B．Disability.
C．Disadvantage. D．Illness.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children’s development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”，尤其是该句中的“slowed”和“forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages”并结合语境可推知，画线词与C项“不利因素，障碍”意思相近，故C项正确。
7．What can we infer from the text?
A．The left brain is more important for language learning.
B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.
C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.
D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句中的“But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter. It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知，研究确实表明，双语可能会让你更聪明，它会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃；据此可推知，语言学习促进大脑的发展，故B项正确。
C
If you have a chance to take a walk in a park, look carefully at the people walking their dogs.You’ll probably find friendly-looking people with friendly dogs; quiet people with quiet dogs; large men with oversized dogs and long-haired women with long-eared dogs.As you’ve probably noticed, dogs and their owners look alike.Have you ever wondered why?
These similarities are so common that researchers have tried to explain them.There are two theories(理论): the convergence theory and the selection theory.The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.In other words, they “converge”．The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.
Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.Then they asked some students to match the dogs’ photos with their owners.The students were quite successful with purebred(纯种的) dogs: they correctly matched 16 out of 25 with their owners.However, they had almost no success connecting mixed-breed(杂交的) dogs with their owners.When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.And since it was the purebreds not the mixed-breeds that looked like their owners, the research seems to prove the“selection theory”．
But one bit of warning.Although many people look like their dogs, not all dog owners enjoy having the similarity pointed out to them.So, even if the similarity is amazing, don’t go up to a stranger and say，“Wow, you look just like your dog！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出很多狗和它们的主人长相相似，并介绍了此现象背后的两个理论以及所做的研究。
8．The convergence theory explains that the similarity between dogs and their owners ________．
A．decreases with the age of them
B．decreases with increasing differences
C．increases with the period of ownership
D．increases with increasing attractiveness
C 解析：推理判断题。由第二段中的“The convergence theory says that as the owner and the dog spend more time together, they influence each other to the point where they grow similar.”可知，趋于一致理论告诉我们：狗和主人在一起的时间越长，长相越相似。
9．According to the selection theory, why do dogs look like their owners?
A．They influence each other.
B．They often do the same thing.
C．Dogs follow what their owners do.
D．Owners pick dogs that look like them.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“The selection theory, on the other hand, says that owners are interested in dogs that look like them, so they choose those dogs as pets.”可知，根据选择理论，狗主人在选择宠物狗的时候，会挑选那些和他们长相相似的。
10．What’s the purpose of the research?
A．To test two similarity theories.
B．To prove the selection theory.
C．To help people choose proper dogs.
D．To show the differences between dogs.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“Recently, researchers at the University of California decided to test the two theories by taking pictures of 45 dogs separately from their owners.”可知，该研究是为了测试上述两个论证狗和主人长相相似的理论。
11．What can we learn from the research?
A．Purebred dogs have predictable appearance.
B．Most owners want their dogs to look like them.
C．Mixed-breeds and their owners share similarities.
D．Most owners prefer purebred dogs to mixed-breeds.、
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When owners select a purebred dog, they can easily predict(预测) what it will look like later.But that is not true with mixed-breed dogs because it’s hard to predict what a mixed-breed dog will look like when it grows up.”可知，纯种狗的外貌一般可预测，而杂交狗的外貌则不可预测。
七选五
Four benefits of writing by hand
Today is National Handwriting Day! Although we don’t write like we used to, here are four ways handwriting is still helpful.
It’s better for learning.
1．________ That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. One study from 2010 found that the brain areas related to learning “lit up” much more when kids were asked to write words like “spaceship” by hand versus just studying the word closely.
2．________
Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer. Writer Susan Sontag once said that she penned her first drafts(草稿) before typing them up for editing later. She said, “3.________” A 2009 study seems to support Sontag’s preference for writing by hand: Elementary school students who wrote essays with a pen not only wrote more than their keyboard-tapping friends, but they also wrote faster and in more complete sentences.
It will prevent you from being distracted(分心)．
The computer in front of you is really a distraction. 4.________ In 2012, scientists even suggested that taking five-minute breaks to browse Tumblr or BuzzFeed could make you a more productive worker. However, when it’s time to work on that essay, have only a pen and paper in front of you.
It keeps your brain sharp as you get older.
5．________ According to The Wall Street Journal, some physicians say that the act of writing is good exercise for those who want to keep their minds sharp as they age.
A．It makes you a better writer.
B．Writing is good for your brain.
C．Of course, the Internet isn’t all bad.
D．I like the slowness of writing by hand.
E．Try writing by hand at least 20 minutes each day.
F．Many writers have a preference for writing by hand.
G．One of the most effective ways to study is to rewrite your notes by hand.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了用手写作的四个好处。
1．G 解析：根据下一句That’s because putting ink to paper stimulates(刺激) the brain. (那是因为把墨水放在纸上刺激大脑)可知，上句要表达的意思是：学习最有效的方法之一是用手去改写你的笔记。故选G项。
2．A 解析：此空是小标题。根据其他标题的开头都用It的特点，再根据下文Many famous authors prefer writing by hand to the use of a typewriter or computer.许多著名作家更喜欢用手工书写而不是打字机或电脑。可知A项(它使你成为一个更好的作家)符合题意。
3．D 解析：根据下句：一项2009年的研究似乎支持Sontag的偏爱手写。可知上句的意思是：我喜欢用手写字的缓慢。故选D项。
4．C 解析：根据上句The computer in front of you is really a distraction.在你面前的电脑真的是一种分心物。可知，C项(当然，网络并不都是坏的)符合题意。
5．B 解析：根据一些内科医生所说的“写作行为对那些想保持头脑清晰的人来说是一种很好的锻炼”可知，B项(写作对你的大脑是有好处的)符合题意。
B卷 [学生用书P99(单独成册)]
阅读理解
“This isn’t Disneyland, I’m not a novelty.This is as real as it gets，”sing The Sisters of Invention.
The young women—Annika, Michelle, Jackie, Aimee and Caroline—are a pop group with a difference.All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.
The five are based in Adelaide, Australia, and met in 2010 when they sang together in a choir(合唱队) run by Tutti, an organization which supports disabled artists.Tutti saw they had talent and invited them to form a group.Now they perform together two or three times per month, and this is how they make a living.
Michelle is 25 and has cerebral palsy(脑瘫) and a mild learning disability.She says，“We choose the name The Sisters of Invention because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage.For the invention part, we are trying to change people’s view of people with disabilities.We are reinventing the rules.”
All their songs are based on the members’ own experiences and were written as a group in their twice weekly meetings at Tutti.“We would arrive in the morning and I’d say, ‘What do you want to talk about today？’”says their manager and producer Michael Ross.He then noted down everything they said until lyrics took shape.Ross says that putting “their truth” out there is important.He says，“What I’m interested in is that we get to see the world in a way that people in pop culture almost never get to see.It is creative gold.”
When they perform their songs, the physical side of their disabilities is more obvious, but Ross says，“They’re not up there to show their barriers or difficulties.They’re up there to show their strengths.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。五个有学习障碍的女孩组成了一支乐队，她们通过演出向人们展现自己的力量。
1．What do we know about The Sisters of Invention?
A．All its members are disabled.
B．It was founded all by five girls.
C．It has existed for less than ten years.
D．They perform not in order to make money.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“All have learning difficulties and some have extra disabilities.”可知，五个女孩都有学习障碍，有的还有别的残疾。
2．The girls choose the name The Sisters of Invention because ________．
A．they all have great talent
B．they help each other like sisters
C．they have the same experiences
D．they are good at inventing things
B 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“...because we are like sisters and we support each other on and off stage”可知，之所以给乐队起这个名字是因为五个成员亲如姐妹，互相支持。
3．How does Michael Ross produce lyrics for The Sisters of Invention?
A．By talking with the girls.
B．By asking the girls questions.
C．By learning about pop culture.
D．By using his personal experiences.
A 解析：推理判断题。由第五段可知，制作人通过跟五个姐妹聊天，很自然地写出歌词。
4．How do audiences probably feel watching the performances of The Sisters of Invention?
A．They will feel bored.
B．They will be inspired.
C．They will feel disappointed.
D．They will have pity on them.
B 解析：推理判断题。分析最后一段可知，尽管五个姐妹在演出时残疾暴露得更明显，但她们意在向人们展现自己的力量。
完形填空
My name is John Sweeney. I’m the founder and Chief Kindness Officer of a worldwide social __1__called Suspended Coffees. I’m a storyteller and teacher of__2__．
For me, kindness has not only__3__my life, but also saved it. Three years ago, I was alone, feeling__4__and thinking my life was worthless when I read about Suspended Coffees. Up until that point in my life, I’d been bullied(欺凌) everywhere I went and made to feel__5__. Yet since the day I was born, all I’ve ever wanted to do was make people happy，__6__ people and be kind to others—it’s always been my__7__ in life.
Since the beginning of this activity, I’ve had a dream of__8__the world through kindness. Yes, our work is about buying coffee for others, but the real__9__ of the activity is bringing the world together__10__ kindness.
Kindness has changed my life and the lives of many others. One nice lady emailed me yesterday, saying she has __11__tried to die three times in the last seven months, but because of the message we’re __12__， she is able to smile now. She’s __13__ to be kind to her doctors, which has resulted in them__14__ her more kindly. I know that has a positive__15__ on her doctors too, because when they leave her, they seem__16__．
I believe the world__17__more kindness, but we also need to be kind to ourselves. It’s the most important part of our lives because our lives actually__18__it. Whenever I am asked__19__ I measure(估量) the effect of all the kindness I’ve shown to the world, my answer is always simple—you can’t measure the impact of an act of kindness because it is far__20__ than we can imagine.
【解题导语】 这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过描述自己在Suspended Coffees活动中的经历，以及受此影响而变得积极善良的故事来阐述一个道理：人生需要保持善良，多做善事，别人也会善待我们。
1．A.job B．class
C．relation D．activity
D 解析：根据后文的内容可知，Suspended Coffees是一次“社会活动”，故应选择activity。
2．A.blindness B．kindness
C．happiness D．illness
B 解析：综合全文的内容可知，作者不仅在讲故事，也在教导我们多做善事，故选B项。
3．A.ruined B．built
C．changed D．controlled
C 解析：根据本段内容可知，善行“改变”了作者，也拯救了作者。
4．A.terrified B．sad
C．tired D．strange
B 解析：根据后文my life was worthless可知，作者感觉“难过”。
5．A.homeless B．careless
C．harmless D．useless
D 解析：根据上文的worthless以及作者被欺凌的语境可知，作者感觉自己是“无用的”。
6．A.attract B．help
C．meet D．trust
B 解析：根据上文的make people happy以及下文的be kind to others可知，作者一直想“帮助”别人。
7．A.luck B．trouble
C．result D．purpose
D 解析：作者自打出生起就帮助别人，善待别人，这也是他生活的“目的”。
8．A.connecting B．finding
C．touring D．leading
A 解析：根据后文的bringing the world together可知，作者想用善良将世界“连接”起来。
9．A.heart B．rule
C．excuse D．source
A 解析：作者发起这一活动的“核心”就是把世界连接起来，故选A项。
10．A.in B．on
C．at D．with
D 解析：这里表示“用”善行将世界连接起来，故选with。
11．A.nearly B．usually
C．already D．hardly
C 解析：根据后文的three times in the last seven months可知，这位女士在过去的七个月中“已经”尝试过三次自杀。
12．A.providing B．spreading
C．receiving D．making
B 解析：我们所“传播”的信念让这位女士放弃了自杀的念头。
13．A.promised B．learned
C．challenged D．failed
B 解析：这位女士后来善待医生，说明她之前并没有意识到做善举的好处，现在“学会”了善待别人。
14．A.greeting B．educating
C．persuading D．treating
D 解析：这位女士善待医生，反过来医生更加“善待”她。
15．A.impression B．pressure
C．influence D．opinion
C 解析：病人善待医生，医生会更加善待病人，这对医生而言也会有积极的“影响”。
16．A.safer B．busier
C．sleepier D．happier
D 解析：医生因为感受到了病人的善良，所以离开的时候看起来更“快乐”。
17．A.shows B．gives
C．needs D．means
C 解析：根据后文的we also need to be kind to ourselves可知，世界“需要”更多的善举，但我们也需要善待我们自己。
18．A.act on B．depend on
C．agree on D．concentrate on
B 解析：善良是我们生命中最重要的一个部分，因为我们的生命“依靠”善良。
19．A.what B．when
C．how D．why
C 解析：根据后文的内容可知，作者被问及“如何”估量善行的影响。
20．A.greater B．higher
C．quicker D．easier
A 解析：“我们”无法衡量善行的影响，是因为它的影响“大”得远远超出了我们的想象。
语法填空
Hello，I’m Helen.I’m introducing you to one of the most famous 1.____________(theatre)in the world，2.____________ you can hear and see wonderful performances of opera and ballet.It’s the Royal Opera House.The Royal Opera House was built in 1858.And it 3.____________(be) actually the third theatre that we have had on this land at Covent Garden.The first theatre was built in 1732，and it burnt down in 1808.The second one was built in 1809 and it burnt down in 1856.
But it’s not just the 4.____________(build) that makes it 5.____________(impress)；it’s also the performances on stage that make it an amazing place 6.____________(visit)．The Royal Opera House is home 7.____________ two companies，the Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera.They are both full-time here，and they give almost 300 performances of opera and ballet every year.
The Royal Ballet and the Royal Opera have dancers and singers from all over 8.____________ world. In recent years，we’ve had two famous singers from China—Zhang Liping and Dai Yuqiang.
There are some cheap tickets 9.____________(offer)there，but the number of them is limited，so I think the best thing to do is to buy 10.____________(they) in advance.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了与英国皇家歌剧院相关的一些信息。
1．theatres 解析：由该空前面的one of the most famous 可知，此处填theatre的复数形式theatres.
2．where 解析：分析句子结构可知，填关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句，where在该定语从句中作地点状语。
3．is 解析：根据该空后面的that we have had on this land at Covent Garden可知，这里用一般现在时。
4．building 解析：由该空前的the可知填build的名词形式building，意为：建筑物。
5．impressive 解析：此处指“让人印象深刻的，给人深刻印象的”，故填impress的形容词形式impressive。
6．to visit 解析：此处填动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词place。
7．to 解析：be home to为固定短语，在此意为：是……的所在地。
8．the 解析：from all over the world为固定短语，在此意为：来自世界各地的。
9．offered 解析：该空前面的cheap tickets是动词offer所表示动作逻辑上的宾语，故填offer的过去分词形式作后置定语。
10．them 解析：动词buy后面跟宾语，故填they的宾格形式them，指代前面提到的cheap tickets。
课件51张PPT。Unit 2 LanguageUnit 2 LanguageUnit 2 LanguageUnit 2 LanguageUnit 2 Languagedefeatreplaceraisethereforeprocessdistinctionaccentoccupy mixtureofficialcontribution entirebe made up of/consist ofname afteraside frommake contributions totake control oflead toreplace...with...mother tonguego throughkeep onwhy English has so many difficult rulesEven though the Normans spoke Frenchdid borrowwhilewhether English will keep on changing
