[学生用书P46]
品句填词
1．They came to the ____________(结论) that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
答案：conclusion
2．She began to explain but I ____________(打断) her.
答案：interrupted
3．That we must ____________(结合) theory with practice is an important principle.
答案：combine
4．Would it be ____________(方便的) for you to leave tomorrow?
答案：convenient
5．Not being punctual is his greatest ____________(缺点)．
答案：shortcoming
6．Don’t ____________(使尴尬) them by asking personal questions.
答案：embarrass
7．The red lines on the map ____________(代表) railways.
答案：represent
8．It’s important to ____________(辨别) fact from fiction.
答案：distinguish
9．The clouds ____________(预示) the coming of rain.
答案：indicate
10．The booklet is very ____________(实用的) and handy of reference.
答案：practical
选词填空
differ from；stand for；as a whole；turn into；in conclusion
1．____________， we would like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
答案：In conclusion
2．What do the letters UN ____________？
答案：stand for
3．The climate of Beijing is mild ____________．
答案：as a whole
4．Opinions on various social questions ____________ person to person.
答案：differ from
5．The botanical garden has ____________ a wilderness.
答案：turned into
完成句子
1．并不是我所有的朋友都懂法语。
All my friends ________________ French.
答案：do not know
2．我看不出他们彼此有什么不同， 在我看来， 他们确实很相像。
I can not see where they ____________________： to me they look exactly alike.
答案：differ from each other
3．当她把水泼到他身上时， 他只给了一个尴尬的微笑。
He only gave ________________ when she spilled the water onto him.
答案：an embarrassed smile
4．事实上体育运动是很有价值的。
In fact sports and games can ____________________．
答案：be of great value
5．氧和碳化合， 形成二氧化碳。
The oxygen and the carbon ________________ carbon dioxide.
答案：combine to form
课文语篇改错
When we are talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written with ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, and they can still read books.
The man which introduced blind people to read was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of a injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper pressing against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as many as 100 pounds.The whole system was not conveniently for use.
答案：
When we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, they can still read books.
The man introduced blind people to was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as as 100 pounds.The whole system was not for use.
A卷 [学生用书P105(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The headteacher said Jane was of such a gentle ____________(natural)．
答案：nature
2．The letter “x” stands ____________ an unknown number.
答案：for
3．In given conditions a bad thing can be turned ____________ a good one.
答案：into
4．You must consider those matters ____________ a whole.
答案：as
5．Each writer’s style differs ____________ that of another.
答案：from
6．It was a great ____________(convenient) to have the doctor living near us.
答案：convenience
7．He was called Smith Minor to distinguish him ____________ the other Smiths.
答案：from
8．The ____________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.
答案：combination
9．What ____________(conclude) can we draw from their leave?
答案：conclusion
10．The young man looked ____________(embarrass), as if he were a spy whose cover had been blown.
答案：embarrassed
阅读理解
A
An
increasing number of hares(野兔) have been causing such chaos(混乱) at Milan’s city airport that officials have decided to take immediate measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to catch about 80 hares.
“Hares have been active on the runways for months, confusing the ground radar(雷达), and endangering planes landing and taking off，” say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up below the wheels of two planes，” said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. “They could have caused serious accidents.”
The Milan airport’s officials said that the hare population at Linate had greatly increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to catch them.
The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be closed off including the runways and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at the beginning of the day on Sunday, catching hares until 8：00 a．m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区) in the Milan area and will be set free, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.
Linate, which is only 7 km from the centre of Milan, was built in the 1930s, and served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50km up the road. Linate is mainly used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet, as well as by national carriers such as Alitalia and British Airways.
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。米兰利纳特机场饱受野兔骚扰之苦，不得不暂时关闭机场，将这些野兔逮住之后请出机场。
1．What do Alberto Grancini’s words mean?
A．Hare hunting should be encouraged.
B．Hares are a real threat to airplanes.
C．Protecting hares is a worrying problem.
D．Hares pay a high price for living at the airport.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 They could have caused serious accidents.可知，野兔给机场带来了很大的安全隐患。
2．What can we learn about the airport’s earlier attempts to drive the hares away?
A．Brave. B．Creative.
C．Dangerous. D．Fruitless.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave 可知，先前驱赶野兔离开机场的做法没有效果。
3．How will the hares be dealt with?
A．They will be in the charge of wildlife experts.
B．They will have to find their own way home.
C．They will be brought to a protected area.
D．They will be forced out of Milan.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区)可知，被逮住的野兔会被带至保护区。
4．According to the last paragraph, Linate airport ________.
A．is 7km away from Malpensa
B．is less popular than before
C．is a century-old airport
D．is a disused airport
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50 km up the road 可知，该机场曾是米兰市的主要机场，后来其重要地位被马尔本萨机场取代。
B
There is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by, but things will not be always bad from now on. Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old, according to a new survey by the British National Health Service(NHS)．
To know people’s level of happiness, the 12-question survey asked 8，000 British adults to rate(评估) their levels of self-confidence, anxiety and sleep quality. Through those answers, NHS researchers got each adult’s grade. The grades were between 0－12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.
The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers. However, that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties. A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems. Twenty-eight percent of women aged 16 to 24, 18 percent of women aged 25 to 34, and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness. Meanwhile, almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.
Generally speaking, it’s possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic(家庭的) and caring responsibilities，” according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. But those negative feelings may drop in old age, as their children grow up and they are set free from many care-taking duties, she told The Times.
Still, your 85th birthday seems like a long way off. Don’t worry about it. There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age, which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。
5．What was the 12-question survey done for?
A．Helping people become healthier.
B．Learning about people’s happiness.
C．Finding out the sources of people’s pressure.
D．Encouraging people to become more confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 To know people’s level of happiness...可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。
6．What surprised the researchers?
A．People can develop mental illness throughout their lives.
B．Men are generally better at dealing with mental illness.
C．Women don’t like keeping their mental illness a secret.
D．Women more likely suffer from serious mental illness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers.可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。
7．Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with?
A．Women’s pressure is mainly from family.
B．It’s difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.
C．Women should be set free from caring responsibilities.
D．Responsibilities at home may reduce women’s feelings of happiness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的Generally speaking, it’s possible...according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。
语法填空
The question“Who is your hero？”is a difficult one to answer. So many people have done heroic things 1.____________it is hard to choose just one. In addition, there is 2.____________(many) than one type of hero.
First, we have heroes in popular culture: in books, films and cartoons, etc. Superman and Batman are two famous comic book heroes, the latter of 3.____________ has no superpowers, and instead has to rely on 4.____________(he) own skills. Of course, there are many real-world people who are 5.____________ (know) around the world for their heroic deeds. People like Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King 6.____________(consider) to be heroes. They were brave and loyal to their people. There are also unsung heroes. They 7.____________(usual) do good things—yet don’t expect to receive praise for their actions. Unsung heroes are everywhere—teachers, firemen, police officers, soldiers, doctors.
No matter what type of hero these people are, they all have something 8.____________common. They often have to overcome many difficulties 9.____________(achieve) their dreams. They do things for the benefit of society without 10.____________(seek) any reward for their actions.
1．that 解析：考查连词。so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
2．more 解析：考查固定结构。more than one...意为“不止一……”。
3．whom 解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，因设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
4．his 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰skills，应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
5．known 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“闻名的”，故填known。
6．are considered 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。People与consider之间是被动关系，且此处表示客观事实，故填are considered。
7．usually 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰do，故填usually。
8．in 解析：考查介词。have...in common意为“有共同之处”。
9．to achieve 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处表目的，因They与achieve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to achieve。
10．seeking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词without的宾语，且They与seek之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填seeking。
B卷 [学生用书P107(单独成册)]
阅读理解
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．what differences there are between parents
B．what aim of a child can be easier to reach
C．what parents should make a child a musician
D．how parents should bring up their children
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。
2．Michael is lucky because ________．
A．his parents help him in a sensible way
B．his family is rich enough to have a car
C．his father is a successful musician
D．he is free to do anything he likes best
A 解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a．..supportive to their children”可知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。
3．Winston’s parents set so high a standard for him that ________．
A．he has to do his best to do everything
B．he had made greater progress in music
C．he is afraid he may disappoint them
D．he often wants to kill himself someday
C 解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。
4．It is one of the parents’ worst mistakes if they ________．
A．want their child to be a musician
B．make their child try to achieve too much
C．don’t care their child’s education much
D．help their child to win music competitions
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If parents bring up a child...that some parents make.”可知答案。
完形填空
The Value of an Hour
It was Thanksgiving morning.In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey __1__the doorbell rang.I opened the front door and saw two small children in __2__ clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.
“Any old__3__， lady？” asked one of them.
I was__4__．I wanted to say “no” until my eyes__5__their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.
“__6__and I’ll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”
They walked__7__and sat down at the table.Their wet sandals left marks upon the__8__．I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight__9__the freezing cold outside.__10__I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.
The silence in the front room struck me.I looked in.The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it.The boy asked in a flat voice, “Lady, are you__11__？”
I looked at my old sofa covers.The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)__12__and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was__13__with a need that no amount of food could supply.They left after that, __14__ their papers against the wind.They hadn’t said “Thank you.” They didn’t need to.They had__15__me that I had so much for which to be grateful.Plain blue china cups and saucers were__16__worth five pence.But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup.Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these__17__， too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and__18__the living room.The muddy(沾上泥的)__19__of small sandals were still wet upon my floor.Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to__20__how rich I am.
1．A.before B．while
C．when D．as
C 解析：本题是表示我正忙着做火鸡的时候， 门铃突然响起来了。故选C。
2．A.worn B．strange
C．ordinary D．smart
A 解析：根据后文提到的thin little sandals(凉鞋)和heavy snow可知， 在冬天脚上还穿着凉鞋， 小孩应该是很可怜的， 所对应的衣服应该也是破旧的。故选A。worn破烂的， 穿旧的， 用旧的。
3．A.clothes B．papers
C．cups D．shoes
B 解析：根据下文， 作者让小孩子们带走了一些纸， 可以知道， 小孩子们是在这里找她要一些旧纸张。故选B。
4．A.sad B．nervous
C．busy D．happy
C 解析：根据前文所说的I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey可知， 作者当时的状态应该是非常忙碌的。故选C。
5．A.fell upon B．came at
C．went through D．got into
A 解析：根据上文的eyes和下文的their sandals可知， 作者是想表示她的眼睛突然转向了他们的鞋子， 故选A。
6．A.Stand back B．Turn around
C．Get out D．Come in
D 解析：根据后文作者邀请小孩们喝一些热可可可以知道， 这时候作者是要邀请孩子们进入她家。故选D。
7．A.over B．out
C．off D．on
A 解析：根据后文可知， 作者邀请小孩进入她家， 小孩已经坐下了。所以前文要表示小孩走进来了。根据选项判断， 故选A。
8．A.door B．floor
C．ground D．wall
B 解析：根据前文可以知道， 穿着湿鞋子走进来的孩子们， 在地板上留下了脚印。故选B。
9．A.about B．against
C．for D．in
B 解析：根据后文的the freezing cold可知， 这个地方是表示和外面的寒冷进行斗争。故选B。
10．A.Thus B．But
C．Then D．So
C 解析：根据后文I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day可以得知， 作者给他们提供了热饮之后， 又回到了厨房继续准备火鸡。根据选项意思判断， 故选C。
11．A.rich B．kind
C．helpful D．healthy
A 解析：根据文章最后提到how rich I am可知， 此处小孩在问作者， 她是否非常富有。故选A。
12．A.curiously B．hopefully
C．carefully D．silently
C 解析：根据前文小男孩的flat voice, 说明两个小孩到陌生人家里， 拿着带有托盘的茶杯， 话都不敢大声讲， 与前文照应， 此处应该表示女孩也很小心翼翼， 故选C。
13．A.hungry B．pleasant
C．deep D．cold
A 解析：根据后文no amount of food could supply可知， 小孩说话就像没有吃饱饭似的， 所以根据选项， 故选A。
14．A.turning B．delivering
C．pushing D．holding
D 解析：根据后文their papers against the wind是表示他们在寒风中紧紧抓住他们得到的那些纸张， 根据选项， 答案选D。
15．A.reminded B．promised
C．persuaded D．told
A 解析：根据后文I had so much for which to be grateful可知， 作者是想说明， 这些小孩让我想起了， 我还有很多值得我去感激的东西。所以根据选项， 答案选A。
16．A.really B．even
C．well D．only
D 解析：后文的but是一个转折。作者表示茶杯和托盘只值5便士， 但是它们却能够相匹配。故选D。
17．A.matched B．worked
C．mixed D．agreed
A 解析：作者提到了自己的土豆和肉汤， 丈夫和一个好的稳定的工作， 想说明属于自己的一切都搭配得非常好。而且上文也有提到茶杯和杯垫也是matched。故选A。
18．A.decorated B．equipped
C．emptied D．cleaned
D 解析：根据后文提到的muddy可知， 被鞋子踩过的地板脏了， 所以作者要把地面的泥巴打扫干净。故选D。
19．A.lines B．prints
C．signs D．steps
B 解析：根据后文small sandals were still wet upon my floor可知， 留在地板上的是一些脚踩过的鞋印。故选B。
20．A.realize B．doubt
C．forget D．prove
C 解析：本题题意是表示， 作者希望能够将那些脚印留在那里一会儿， 以免自己开始忘记自己有多富有。因为前文作者一直在表示， 和那些小朋友比较， 自己还是很富有的， 但是自己一直都没有意识到， 所以怕自己会开始忘记自己多富有。 故选C。
短文改错
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are needing. I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, because I want to be a volunteer. I was an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English movie, and I can speak English fluent. Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at make friends, I am always ready to help the others. I will try my
best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great successfully. I hope you can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are . I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, I want to be a volunteer. I an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English ， and I can speak English . Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at friends, I am always ready to help others. I will try my best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great . I hope can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
Section Ⅲ Word power, Task & Project
1．custom n． 风俗， 习俗
2．interrupt vi.&vt. 插嘴，打断，暂停
3．represent vt. 代表；展示，描绘
4．distinguish vt. 区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
5．embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassed adj.尴尬的；局促不安的→embarrassing adj.令人为难的；尴尬的→embarrassment n．困窘；尴尬；难堪
6．conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude vt.推断出；使结束vi.结束；总结；
7．mistaken adj.错误的；误解的→mistake n．错误；误会；过失v.误解；弄错
8．combine vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．结合；结合到一起的事物或人
9．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．便利；舒适；适宜
10．indicate vt.显示；表示；象征，暗示→indication n．指示；表示；迹象
1．up_and_down 上上下下；来来回回； 起起伏伏
2．make_fun_of 取笑
3．in_conclusion 总之；综上所述；最后
4．differ_from 和……不同， 不同于
5．stand_for 代表， 象征
6．as_a_whole 作为整体，总体上
7．turn_into 变成
8．in_the_1950s 在20世纪50年代
9．ought_to 应当，应该
10．as_a_result_of 由于， 作为……的结果
1．all与否定词连用，构成部分否定
Not_all(不是所有的) characters were developed from drawings of objects.
2．“be of＋名词”结构
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use(实用)．
Read the text in P38 carefully and choose the best answer.
1．The main difference between the Chinese language and many Western languages should be that________.
A．the characters the Chinese language uses have meanings and can work alone as words, while Western languages can’t
B．Western languages are usually formed by combining and mixing many different languages from different countries
C．the Chinese language has a longer history than Western languages
2．How many kinds of Chinese characters are mentioned in the passage?
A．1. B．2. C．4.
3．Which is the correct explanation about the forming of the character “休” ?
A．A man lying on the ground with his arms crossed.
B．A man running.
C．A man lying against a tree.
答案：1－3.ABC
The development of Chinese characters①
The Chinese language differs from② Western languages in that③， instead of an alphabet④，it uses characters which stand for⑤ ideas，objects or deeds⑥.Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases⑦，a single character can also make up⑧ a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.
Chinese writing⑨began thousands of years ago. According toB10 an ancient story，a man named Cang Jie? invented? Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting? ，he saw the tracks? of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance? of mountain each one was different. Then he had the idea mountain that he could use different shapes to represent? different objects? . The first Chinese characters were drawings?of physical? objects. Some characters have been simplified?and others have been made more difficult over time(. However, as a whole(，the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. The character for a mountain was at first three mountaintops( together. This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays.
①Chinese character 汉字
②differ from 和……不同，不同于
differ['dIf?(r)]vi. 相异，有区别
③in that“在于，因为”，引导原因状语从句。
④alphabet['?lf?bet]n.(一种语言的)字母表，全部字母
⑤stand for 代表，象征
⑥deed[di?d]n. 行为，行动
which 引导的定语从句，修饰 characters。
⑦in many cases 在许多情况下 ⑧make up 构成
⑨writing['raItI?]n. 文字；文字作品
according to 根据，是介词短语，后跟名词作宾语。
?过去分词短语 named Cang Jie 是后置定语，修饰 a man。
?invent v. 发明；创造；捏造 discover 发现
?hunt[h?nt]vt.&vi. 打猎，猎杀，搜寻 ?track n. 踪迹
?appearance[?'pI?r?ns]n. 外观，外貌
?represent[?reprI'zent]vt. 代表；展示，描绘
?that he could...是同位语从句，解释说明 idea 的具体内容。
?drawing['dr??I?] n．绘画，绘画艺术
?physical adj. 有形的；实物的；物质的；物理的
?simplify['sImplIfaI]vt. 简化
over time 随着时间的推移；久而久之
as a whole 作为整体，总体上
mountaintop n. 山顶
汉字的发展
汉语与西方语言的区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。中文的词语是通过把不同的汉字放在一起而组成的。在许多情况下，一个单字也能构成一个词。通过研究这些汉字是如何发展的就可以考察汉语的历史了。
汉字起源于数千年前。根据古代传说，一位名叫仓颉的人发明了汉字。他在某个冬日打猎时，看到各种动物留在雪中的足迹，他发现足迹的外观各不相同，接着他有了用不同形状代表不同物体的想法。最初的汉字只是表现有形物体的图画。随着时间的推移，一些汉字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复杂了。然而，总体看来，汉字已从图画发展成了标准形式。表示“山”的汉字最初是三座山峰并列，接着又变为一座山峰和三根线条，随着时间的推移，最终才演化成了我们今天使用的这个汉字。
Not all( characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas(，some characters were made by combining( two or more characters together. For example(，‘rest’was made up of( the characters for a man and a tree. The character ‘prisoner’was formed with( a ‘man’ inside a square. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers.It is easy to distinguish( their meanings by looking at them( ，for example, the characters for ‘up’and ‘down’，which are opposites(of each other(.
Though these kinds of characters indicate( meanings, one of their shortcomings( is that they do not show how they should be pronounced(. Therefore(，a method was developed to have( one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today( were made this way.
In the 1950s( the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters( and now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.
Not all...是部分否定句式，意为“并不是所有的……都……”。
动词不定式短语 to express ideas 作目的状语。
combine[k?m'baIn]vt.& vi. 组合；(使)联合
combine sth. and sth. (together) 使某物与另一物相结合起来
combine sth. with sth. 把某物与另一物相混合
for example 例如
be made up of 由……组成/构成
be formed with 由……组成
distinguish[dI'stI?ɡwI?]vt. 区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
it 为形式主语，真正的主语是 to distinguish...。
opposite n. 对应物；对立面
which are opposites... 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 the characters for ‘up’and ‘down’。
indicate ['IndIkeIt]vt. 显示，表示；象征，暗示
shortcoming['???tk?mI?]n. 缺点，短处
pronounce v. 发音 therefore adv. 因此；所以
have sb./sth.do sth.让某人 /某物做某事
get sb./sth. to do sth. 让某人 /某物做某事
used today 作后置定语，修饰 characters。
in the 1950s 在20世纪50年代
simplified Chinese characters 简化汉字
然而，并不是所有的汉字都是由对实物的描画演变而来的。有时为了表达想法，把两个或更多的汉字联合起来而创造了一些汉字。比如，“休”是由表示“人”和“树”的汉字组合而成的，“囚”字则是由人字位于框中构成的。另一些汉字则用于表示方向和数字。这些汉字你只要看一眼它们的外形就很容易辨别出它们所要表达的意思，如互为反义词的两个汉字“上”和“下”(就属于这种情况)。
虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们的缺点之一是其字形不能显示怎样发音。因此便出现了一种应对之策，即汉字的一部分表意，另一部分表音。今天使用的许多汉字便是用这种方式创造出来的。
20世纪50年代，中国政府推广简化汉字，现在它们已在中国大陆全面普及。
The story of Braille
Usually，when we talk about①reading，we think of②using our eyes to see letters written in ink③on paper.However④，this is not always true.For example，blind people cannot see，but they can still read books.
The man who introduced blind people to reading⑤was Louis Braille(1809－1852)．Braille lost his eyesight⑥at the age of⑦three as a result of⑧an injury.When he was ten，he went to a school for the blind⑨in Paris.In those days，books for blind people used paper pressed⑩against metal wire?to form letters?.Since the metal wire was heavy?，each book weighed?as much as?100 pounds.The whole system was not convenient?for use.Indeed?，the school library only had fourteen such books in it.
In 1821，a soldier visited the school and showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times of battle?.His system used paper with small，raised dots that could be felt with the fingers?.Each letter of the alphabet was represented?by a different pattern(which consisted of(twelve dots(.The soldiers would drag(their fingers over the raised dots to read the message.
①talk about说到；谈到
②think of想到；考虑
③ink[I?k]n.墨水，油墨
④however是副词，意为“然而”，表示转折关系。
⑤who 引导定语从句，修饰the man。introduce...to/into
把……引入/介绍……到。
⑥eyesight['aIsaIt]n.视力
⑦at the age of在……岁时
⑧as a result of由于；因为；作为……的结果
⑨the blind盲人；the＋adj.表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
press[pres]vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力n.报刊；新闻界；
出版社；press against压在……上(压住，施压于)
?wire['waI?(r)]n.金属丝；铁丝网
?动词不定式短语to form letters作目的状语。
?since用作连词，意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
?weigh v．重达；有……重量
?as much as多达；和……一样多
?convenient[k?n'vi?nI?nt]adj.方便的
be convenient for sb.对某人来说方便
?indeed adv.事实上；的确
?battle['b?tl]n.&vi.战斗
?with small...fingers作定语修饰paper；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词dots。
?represent v．代表；表示
pattern['p?tn]n.图案，花纹；模式，方式
consist of由……组成/构成，不用于进行时态和被动语态。
which引导定语从句，修饰先行词pattern。
drag[dr?ɡ]vt.(使劲地)拖，拉
布莱叶盲文的故事
通常，当我们谈到阅读时，我们会想到用眼睛去看纸上墨水写成的字母。然而，情况并不总是这样的。比如，盲人无法看到东西，但他们仍能阅读书籍。
将盲人领入阅读世界的人是路易斯·布莱叶(1809—1852)。布莱叶在3岁时因为受伤而失明。10岁时，他进入巴黎的一所盲人学校就读。那时候，盲人用书是用纸压在金属丝上来形成字母。因为金属丝很重，所以每本书都会重达100磅。整个系统用起来不方便。事实上，学校图书馆也只有14本这样的书。
1821年，一位士兵参观学校并向学生们展示了一种战时夜间传递信息的方法。他的方法是使用带小凸点的纸张，这些小凸点可以用手指感觉出来。字母表里的每一个字母都由12个点组成的不同形状来表示。因此士兵们可以用手指触摸凸点来阅读信息。
While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting(，the system was too difficult to(be of practical(use.However，young Louis Braille took the idea and worked on(it.At the age of fifteen，he created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter(.‘Braille’，the system for reading used today by blind people around the world(，was thus(born.
The blind can easily recognize(Braille with the fingers. They can also easily write in Braille with a special typewriter(.Today, it is the most common system used by blind people for reading and writing(，and nearly every language, including Chinese, has its own version( of Braille for its people to use.
while 引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
too...to...太……而不能……
practical['pr?ktIkl]adj.切实可行的，实用的
of practical use 意为“实用的”，一般来说，“of＋抽象名词”相当于形容词，常用作表语。
work on 从事
with patterns of six raised dots...是由“with＋n.＋v.-ing 形式”构成的 with 复合结构，作后置定语，修饰 a system。
around the world 世界各地
thus[e?s]adv.以此方式，如此；因此，从而
recognize v．识别；认出；认识
typewriter['taIpraIt?(r)]n.打字机
过去分词短语 used by blind...作定语，修饰 system。
version['v???n]n.版本
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一想法太过复杂，并不实用。然而年幼的路易斯·布莱叶采纳了这个想法并着手完善它。15岁时，他创造出了可以由6个凸点来表示每个字母的体系。“布莱叶盲人点字法”，这一当今被全世界盲人广泛使用的阅读体系就此诞生了。
盲人可以轻松地用手指辨别布莱叶盲文。他们也可以使用特殊的打字机，方便地用布莱叶盲文书写。今天，布莱叶盲文是最为普及的盲人阅读及书写体系，几乎每种语言，包括汉语，都有着自己的布莱叶盲文版本供盲人使用。
embarrass vt.使尴尬， 使难堪
(教材P35)She is making fun of you and trying to embarrass you into trying harder.
她在取笑你并尽力让你知耻而后勇。
embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬/难堪的
embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬/难堪的
embarrassment n. 尴尬， 难堪(不可数); 令人难堪的人/事(可数)
①He didn’t mean to embarrass you.
他不是成心让你难堪。
②I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so embarrassing(embarrass)．
我不喜欢在公开场合演讲， 太难为情了。
③She was embarrassed when they asked her the embarrassing question about her age.(embarrass)
他们问她年龄这个令人尴尬的问题时， 她感到很难为情。
④I nearly died of embarrassment(embarrass) when he said that.
他说那话差点儿把我给难堪死了。
conclusion n．[C]结论；推论； 结尾
(教材P36)In conclusion, we need to know the customs of a country so that we do not make others embarrassed or annoyed. 最后， 我们需要了解一个国家的习俗， 以便不让别人尴尬或生气。
(1)draw/reach/come to/arrive at a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 最后
(2)conclude vt. 断定， 推断；结束
conclude from 根据……推断
conclude sth.with sth.by doing sth. 以……结束……
①I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will, there is a way.
我从我自己的经历中得出结论： 有志者， 事竟成。
②In_conclusion,_I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后， 我想说我今天玩得很开心。
③From what he says I conclude that he has not much interest in it.
我从他所说的话来判断， 他对此没有多大兴趣。
④He concluded his speech with a famous saying: It’s never too late to start.
他以一句名言“只要去做永不为晚”结束他的演讲。
[巧学活用]——用conclude的相关用法完成小片段
Jack said he could (1)conclude_from Jane’s expression that Jane had stolen his money.But everyone knew Jack always (2)came_to_a_conclusion without any evidence to support his (3)conclusion．(4)In_conclusion,_nobody was likely to believe Jane was a thief.
combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合；兼有， 兼备
(教材P38)Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together.
有时为了表达想法把两个或更多的汉字联合起来而创造了一些汉字。
(1)combine with 与……结合
combine...with... 把……与……结合起来
(2)combination n. 结合；联合；化合(物)
①You should try to combine exercise with a balanced diet.
你应该尽力将锻炼和平衡的饮食相结合。
②We consider it necessary to combine theory with practice.
我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。
distinguish vt.区分， 辨别；使具有某种特征
(教材P38)It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them, for example, the characters for ‘up’and ‘down’， which are opposites of each other.
这些汉字你只要看一眼它们的外形就很容易辨别出它们所要表达的意思， 如互为反义词的两个汉字 “上” 和 “下”(就属于这种情况)。
(1)distinguish A from B 区分/辨别A和B
distinguish oneself as... 作为……而享有盛名
(2)distinguishable adj. 易辨认的
distinguished adj. 杰出的， 著名的
①Speeches distinguish human beings from animals.
人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。
②The twins were so much alike that it was impossible to distinguish one _from the other.
这对孪生子像得使人无法分辨。
③She distinguished herself(she) by her coolness and bravery.
她因头脑冷静、敢作敢为而为人称道。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
阅读好书既能丰富我们的知识又能教我们分辨是非。
Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to_distinguish_between_right_and_wrong．
convenient adj.方便的
(教材P39)The whole system was not convenient for use.
整个系统用起来不方便。
(1)sth.be convenient for... 某事物对于……来说是便利的
It’s convenient for sb.to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是便利的。
(2)conveniently adv. 便利地
(3)convenience n. 方便
at one’s convenience 在某人方便时
①It is science and technology that makes our life more convenient.
是科学技术使我们的生活更加方便。
②We bought this house for its convenience(convenient)．
我们买下这所房子是为了方便。
③Please come at your convenience.
请你在方便的时候来。
④It was convenient that she went to school from here.
她从这里上学很方便。
convenient作表语时， 不可用人作主语， 而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。 “当你方便的时候” 应翻译成when it is convenient for you, 而不是when you are convenient。
[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)如果你方便的话，让我们8：30在学校门口碰头。
If it’s_convenient_for_you,_let’s meet at 8：30 outside the school gate.
(2)如果方便的话， 你应该多进行户外运动， 这有助于你保持良好的心态。
If_it_is_convenient_for_you/At_your_convenience,_you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to you keeping up a good state of mind.
differ from 和……不同
(教材P38)The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言的区别在于它不使用字母， 而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。
(1)differ from...in... 在……(方面)不同于……
differ with sb.on/about sth. 在……上与某人意
见不一
(2)different adj. 不同的
be different from... 与……不同
(3)difference n． 差别；差异
tell the difference between...and...
辨别……和……
make a difference to... 对……起作用， 对……有
影响
①Man differs from beasts in that the former is able to laugh, while the latter aren’t.
人不同于野兽， 因前者能笑， 而后者却不能。
②Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.
注意团结那些和你意见不同的同志一起工作。
③Even if they are completely different from each other in character，they are still good friends.
即使他们在性格方面完全不同，他们仍旧是好朋友。
④I can’t tell the difference(differ) between Tom and his twin brother. 我分不清汤姆和他的孪生兄弟。
⑤Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference.
从此以后，许多科学家认为我们的行动的确发挥了作用。
stand for 代表， 象征； 支持， 主张； 容忍
(教材P38)The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.
汉语与西方语言的区别在于它不使用字母， 而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。
[一词多义]——写出下列句中stand for的含义
(1)In China, these knots stand for friendship, love and good luck. 代表
(2)We should respect people of all faiths and stand for religious freedom. 支持，_主张
(3)I will not stand for behavior of that kind in my house. 容忍
(4)As we know, pigeons stand for peace. 象征
stand out 醒目， 突出
stand up for 支持， 维护
stand by 站在一旁， 袖手旁观； 支持
①Red plums stand out against the white snow.
红梅衬着白雪十分醒目。
②We knew they would stand_by us no matter what we’d done.
我们知道不论我们做了什么他们都会支持我们的。
③You can stand_up_for your right.
你可以为你的权利据理力争。
turn into 变成
(教材P38)This became one mountaintop and three lines, and over time turned into the character used nowadays. 接着又变为一座山峰和三根线条， 随着时间的推移，最终才演化成了我们今天使用的这个汉字。
turn up 找到， 发现； (音量)调大； 出现
turn down 降低， 减弱， 调低；拒绝
turn in 交还， 上交
turn on 打开
turn off 关闭
turn out 证明是， 结果是
①He has turned into a nice boy finally.
他最终变成了一个不错的男孩。
②Once he turned up thirty minutes late for a meeting!
曾经有一次他到会时已迟到了30分钟！
③I invited him to come to the party, but he turned_down．我邀请他来参加聚会， 但他拒绝了。
[巧学活用]——用turn短语填空
(1)My wallet was turned_in to the police two days after it was stolen.
(2)Tom looks upset because he had his proposal turned_down again.
(3)New technologies have made it possible to turn_out new products faster and at a lower cost.
(4)Don’t turn_off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.
(5)If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock your guests will consider it polite to turn_up exactly on time in Germany.
(教材P38)Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.
然而， 并不是所有的汉字都是由对实物的描画演变而来的。
此句中Not all...为部分否定， 意为 “并非所有的……”。句子可转换成：All characters were not developed from drawings of objects.应特别注意， 转换后的句子仍为部分否定。
部分否定与全部否定的惯用语如下：
部分否定
全部否定
两者
both...not/not both
并非两者都
neither/not...either
两者都不
两者以上
all...not/not all＝some
并非所有……都
every...not/not every/
some/few
并非每一个……都
the whole...not/not...the whole并非全部
not...any/none
没有一个
no one/nobody
没有人
nothing
没有任何事物
①All these books are not popular with people.
＝Not all these books are popular with people.
这些书并非全都受人们的欢迎。
②Not both of them are fond of swimming.＝Both of them are not fond of swimming. 他们两个并非都喜欢游泳。
③Neither of them are doctors. 他俩都不是医生。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
(1)All men here were not honest.
→Not_all men here were honest.
(2)Both of the brothers don’t like the film.
→Not_both of the brothers like the film.
(3)Not every student has passed the exam.
→Every student has not passed the exam.
(教材P39)While the students found the soldier’s idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.
虽然学生们都觉得士兵的想法有趣， 但这一想法太过复杂， 并不实用。
be of use “有用处， 起作用”， 为 “be of＋名词” 结构。
(1) “be of＋名词” 结构中的名词是抽象名词时， 相当于其名词所对应的形容词的意思， 说明被修饰词具有某种特征或属性。常用名词有use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/service/benefit/necessity等。
(2) “be of＋名词” 结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量等时， 表示不同的人或物的共同特征， 此时名词前通常带有冠词。常用名词有size/kind/type/price/height/depth/width/length/weight/age/shape/colour等。
①I do hope this book will be of great value to him in his studies.
＝I do hope this book will be_very_valuable to him in his studies.
我希望这本书对他的学习将会非常有价值。
②I have a lot of good friends of_the_same_age/of_an_age．
我有很多同龄的好朋友。
③These pens are of_many_different_colors．
这些笔有许多不同的颜色。
[巧学活用]——句型转换
(1)What he said at the meeting was very important.
→What he said at the meeting was of_great_importance．
(2)This reference book is useless to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
→This reference book is_of_no_use to middle school students so we had better consider buying others.
[学生用书P46]
品句填词
1．They came to the ____________(结论) that it was a thief who had stolen their diamond necklace.
答案：conclusion
2．She began to explain but I ____________(打断) her.
答案：interrupted
3．That we must ____________(结合) theory with practice is an important principle.
答案：combine
4．Would it be ____________(方便的) for you to leave tomorrow?
答案：convenient
5．Not being punctual is his greatest ____________(缺点)．
答案：shortcoming
6．Don’t ____________(使尴尬) them by asking personal questions.
答案：embarrass
7．The red lines on the map ____________(代表) railways.
答案：represent
8．It’s important to ____________(辨别) fact from fiction.
答案：distinguish
9．The clouds ____________(预示) the coming of rain.
答案：indicate
10．The booklet is very ____________(实用的) and handy of reference.
答案：practical
选词填空
differ from；stand for；as a whole；turn into；in conclusion
1．____________， we would like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result.
答案：In conclusion
2．What do the letters UN ____________？
答案：stand for
3．The climate of Beijing is mild ____________．
答案：as a whole
4．Opinions on various social questions ____________ person to person.
答案：differ from
5．The botanical garden has ____________ a wilderness.
答案：turned into
完成句子
1．并不是我所有的朋友都懂法语。
All my friends ________________ French.
答案：do not know
2．我看不出他们彼此有什么不同， 在我看来， 他们确实很相像。
I can not see where they ____________________： to me they look exactly alike.
答案：differ from each other
3．当她把水泼到他身上时， 他只给了一个尴尬的微笑。
He only gave ________________ when she spilled the water onto him.
答案：an embarrassed smile
4．事实上体育运动是很有价值的。
In fact sports and games can ____________________．
答案：be of great value
5．氧和碳化合， 形成二氧化碳。
The oxygen and the carbon ________________ carbon dioxide.
答案：combine to form
课文语篇改错
When we are talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written with ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, and they can still read books.
The man which introduced blind people to read was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of a injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper pressing against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as many as 100 pounds.The whole system was not conveniently for use.
答案：
When we talk about reading, we think of using our eyes to see letters written ink on paper.However, this is not always true.For example, blind people cannot see, they can still read books.
The man introduced blind people to was Louis Braille.Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of injury.When he was ten，he went to school for the blind in Paris.
In those days, books for blind people used paper against metal wire to form letters.Since the metal wire was heavy，each book weighed as as 100 pounds.The whole system was not for use.
A卷 [学生用书P105(单独成册)]
单句语法填空
1．The headteacher said Jane was of such a gentle ____________(natural)．
答案：nature
2．The letter “x” stands ____________ an unknown number.
答案：for
3．In given conditions a bad thing can be turned ____________ a good one.
答案：into
4．You must consider those matters ____________ a whole.
答案：as
5．Each writer’s style differs ____________ that of another.
答案：from
6．It was a great ____________(convenient) to have the doctor living near us.
答案：convenience
7．He was called Smith Minor to distinguish him ____________ the other Smiths.
答案：from
8．The ____________(combine) of the 50 states forms the United States of America.
答案：combination
9．What ____________(conclude) can we draw from their leave?
答案：conclusion
10．The young man looked ____________(embarrass), as if he were a spy whose cover had been blown.
答案：embarrassed
阅读理解
A
An
increasing number of hares(野兔) have been causing such chaos(混乱) at Milan’s city airport that officials have decided to take immediate measures to try and catch them. Linate airport will close for three hours on Sunday while 200 wildlife experts go out on the runways to catch about 80 hares.
“Hares have been active on the runways for months, confusing the ground radar(雷达), and endangering planes landing and taking off，” say officials. “In the last two weeks hares have ended up below the wheels of two planes，” said Alberto Grancini, the Milan province official in charge of hunting and wildlife. “They could have caused serious accidents.”
The Milan airport’s officials said that the hare population at Linate had greatly increased this year leading to several attempts to drive them away from the airport. Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave, so the decision has been made to close the airport altogether to try to catch them.
The operation begins on Saturday, when an area of 4 square kilometres will be closed off including the runways and aircraft parking areas. The hare hunters will move in at the beginning of the day on Sunday, catching hares until 8：00 a．m. when Linate will reopen. Twelve flights will have to be rescheduled for later in the day. The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区) in the Milan area and will be set free, in the hope that they do not find their way back to the airport.
Linate, which is only 7 km from the centre of Milan, was built in the 1930s, and served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50km up the road. Linate is mainly used by low-cost airlines such as easyJet, as well as by national carriers such as Alitalia and British Airways.
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。米兰利纳特机场饱受野兔骚扰之苦，不得不暂时关闭机场，将这些野兔逮住之后请出机场。
1．What do Alberto Grancini’s words mean?
A．Hare hunting should be encouraged.
B．Hares are a real threat to airplanes.
C．Protecting hares is a worrying problem.
D．Hares pay a high price for living at the airport.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的 They could have caused serious accidents.可知，野兔给机场带来了很大的安全隐患。
2．What can we learn about the airport’s earlier attempts to drive the hares away?
A．Brave. B．Creative.
C．Dangerous. D．Fruitless.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the hares have refused to leave 可知，先前驱赶野兔离开机场的做法没有效果。
3．How will the hares be dealt with?
A．They will be in the charge of wildlife experts.
B．They will have to find their own way home.
C．They will be brought to a protected area.
D．They will be forced out of Milan.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 The hares will be taken to protected nature reserves(保护区)可知，被逮住的野兔会被带至保护区。
4．According to the last paragraph, Linate airport ________.
A．is 7km away from Malpensa
B．is less popular than before
C．is a century-old airport
D．is a disused airport
B 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的 served as the city’s main airport until the modernization of Malpensa, 50 km up the road 可知，该机场曾是米兰市的主要机场，后来其重要地位被马尔本萨机场取代。
B
There is good news for ladies：The two happiest years of your life might have gone by, but things will not be always bad from now on. Women are most likely to reach the highest point of happiness at 85 years old, according to a new survey by the British National Health Service(NHS)．
To know people’s level of happiness, the 12-question survey asked 8，000 British adults to rate(评估) their levels of self-confidence, anxiety and sleep quality. Through those answers, NHS researchers got each adult’s grade. The grades were between 0－12 points and those getting four or higher were considered mentally ill.
The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers. However, that possibility drops by the time both sexes reach their eighties. A closer look at the results shows that just 14 percent of women over the age of 85 have mental health problems. Twenty-eight percent of women aged 16 to 24, 18 percent of women aged 25 to 34, and 24 percent of women aged 45 to 54 report having mental illness. Meanwhile, almost one in five men aged 85 or older gets a grade showing mental health issues.
Generally speaking, it’s possible that women feel unhappier than men because they often “experience the pressure of domestic(家庭的) and caring responsibilities，” according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. But those negative feelings may drop in old age, as their children grow up and they are set free from many care-taking duties, she told The Times.
Still, your 85th birthday seems like a long way off. Don’t worry about it. There are a lot of ways to be happier regardless of your age, which are waiting for you to find them out and give them a try.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，女性通常比男性更容易患精神疾病，但是随着年龄增长，男女患精神疾病的风险会有所变化。
5．What was the 12-question survey done for?
A．Helping people become healthier.
B．Learning about people’s happiness.
C．Finding out the sources of people’s pressure.
D．Encouraging people to become more confident.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 To know people’s level of happiness...可知，做这个调查是为了了解人们的幸福感。
6．What surprised the researchers?
A．People can develop mental illness throughout their lives.
B．Men are generally better at dealing with mental illness.
C．Women don’t like keeping their mental illness a secret.
D．Women more likely suffer from serious mental illness.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的The final findings show that women are more likely than men to report serious mental health problems throughout their lives, which is a surprising pattern for researchers.可知，令研究人员惊讶的是：女性比男性更容易患精神疾病。
7．Which of the following statements would Kate Lovett agree with?
A．Women’s pressure is mainly from family.
B．It’s difficult for women to avoid negative feelings.
C．Women should be set free from caring responsibilities.
D．Responsibilities at home may reduce women’s feelings of happiness.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的Generally speaking, it’s possible...according to Kate Lovett, dean of the Royal College of Psychiatrists.可知，Kate Lovett认为女性在家里的责任减少了她们的幸福感。
语法填空
The question“Who is your hero？”is a difficult one to answer. So many people have done heroic things 1.____________it is hard to choose just one. In addition, there is 2.____________(many) than one type of hero.
First, we have heroes in popular culture: in books, films and cartoons, etc. Superman and Batman are two famous comic book heroes, the latter of 3.____________ has no superpowers, and instead has to rely on 4.____________(he) own skills. Of course, there are many real-world people who are 5.____________ (know) around the world for their heroic deeds. People like Nelson Mandela, Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King 6.____________(consider) to be heroes. They were brave and loyal to their people. There are also unsung heroes. They 7.____________(usual) do good things—yet don’t expect to receive praise for their actions. Unsung heroes are everywhere—teachers, firemen, police officers, soldiers, doctors.
No matter what type of hero these people are, they all have something 8.____________common. They often have to overcome many difficulties 9.____________(achieve) their dreams. They do things for the benefit of society without 10.____________(seek) any reward for their actions.
1．that 解析：考查连词。so...that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于”。
2．more 解析：考查固定结构。more than one...意为“不止一……”。
3．whom 解析：考查关系代词。此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，因设空处在从句中作介词of的宾语，故填whom。
4．his 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语修饰skills，应用形容词性物主代词，故填his。
5．known 解析：考查形容词作表语的用法。设空处作表语，表示“闻名的”，故填known。
6．are considered 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。People与consider之间是被动关系，且此处表示客观事实，故填are considered。
7．usually 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰do，故填usually。
8．in 解析：考查介词。have...in common意为“有共同之处”。
9．to achieve 解析：考查不定式作状语的用法。设空处表目的，因They与achieve之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填to achieve。
10．seeking 解析：考查动词-ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词without的宾语，且They与seek之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填seeking。
B卷 [学生用书P107(单独成册)]
阅读理解
If parents bring up a child with the aim of turning the child into a genius(天才), they will cause great damage to him. According to several leading educational experts, this is one of the biggest mistakes that some parents make. Generally, the child will understand very well what the parents expect, and will fall. Unrealistic(不现实的) expectations of the parents can cause great damage to children.
However, if parents are not unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are hopeful in a sensible(明智的) way, the child may succeed in doing very well—especially if the parents are very supportive to their children.
Michael Lis is very lucky. He is very fond of music and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and let him attend piano and violin lessons. Although Michael’s mother knows very little about music, his father is a good musician. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling.
Michael’s friend, Winston Chen, however, is not so lucky. Although both his parents are successful musicians, they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win.“When I was your age I used to win every competition I enter.” Winston’s father tells him. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举了两个例子来说明父母的正确做法是什么，对孩子有什么好处，而错误做法会对孩子造成什么样的伤害。
1．The main idea of the passage is ________．
A．what differences there are between parents
B．what aim of a child can be easier to reach
C．what parents should make a child a musician
D．how parents should bring up their children
D 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要论述的是父母在抚养孩子的过程中，对孩子期望过高，会对孩子的成长和发展造成伤害，并举例说明了父母的正确做法，故D项为本题答案。
2．Michael is lucky because ________．
A．his parents help him in a sensible way
B．his family is rich enough to have a car
C．his father is a successful musician
D．he is free to do anything he likes best
A 解析：推理判断题。从第二段的“but are hopeful in a．..supportive to their children”可知，这是好的父母的做法，而第三段接着举例说明了这个好的做法。因此A项为本题答案。
3．Winston’s parents set so high a standard for him that ________．
A．he has to do his best to do everything
B．he had made greater progress in music
C．he is afraid he may disappoint them
D．he often wants to kill himself someday
C 解析：推理判断题。从文章的最后一句“Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he is always quiet and unhappy.”可知答案。
4．It is one of the parents’ worst mistakes if they ________．
A．want their child to be a musician
B．make their child try to achieve too much
C．don’t care their child’s education much
D．help their child to win music competitions
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段的“If parents bring up a child...that some parents make.”可知答案。
完形填空
The Value of an Hour
It was Thanksgiving morning.In the crowded kitchen of my small home I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey __1__the doorbell rang.I opened the front door and saw two small children in __2__ clothes and thin little sandals(凉鞋), staying together at the door on the top step.
“Any old__3__， lady？” asked one of them.
I was__4__．I wanted to say “no” until my eyes__5__their sandals, which were wet with heavy snow.
“__6__and I’ll make you a cup of hot cocoa.”
They walked__7__and sat down at the table.Their wet sandals left marks upon the__8__．I served them cocoa and bread with jam to fight__9__the freezing cold outside.__10__I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day.
The silence in the front room struck me.I looked in.The girl held the empty cup in her hands, looking at it.The boy asked in a flat voice, “Lady, are you__11__？”
I looked at my old sofa covers.The girl put her cup back in its saucer(托盘)__12__and said, “Your cups match your saucers.” Her voice was__13__with a need that no amount of food could supply.They left after that, __14__ their papers against the wind.They hadn’t said “Thank you.” They didn’t need to.They had__15__me that I had so much for which to be grateful.Plain blue china cups and saucers were__16__worth five pence.But they matched.
I tasted the potatoes and the meat soup.Potatoes and brown meat soup, a roof over our heads, my man with a good steady job—these__17__， too.
I moved the chairs back from the fire and__18__the living room.The muddy(沾上泥的)__19__of small sandals were still wet upon my floor.Let them be for a while, I thought, just in case I should begin to__20__how rich I am.
1．A.before B．while
C．when D．as
C 解析：本题是表示我正忙着做火鸡的时候， 门铃突然响起来了。故选C。
2．A.worn B．strange
C．ordinary D．smart
A 解析：根据后文提到的thin little sandals(凉鞋)和heavy snow可知， 在冬天脚上还穿着凉鞋， 小孩应该是很可怜的， 所对应的衣服应该也是破旧的。故选A。worn破烂的， 穿旧的， 用旧的。
3．A.clothes B．papers
C．cups D．shoes
B 解析：根据下文， 作者让小孩子们带走了一些纸， 可以知道， 小孩子们是在这里找她要一些旧纸张。故选B。
4．A.sad B．nervous
C．busy D．happy
C 解析：根据前文所说的I was busy preparing the traditional Thanksgiving turkey可知， 作者当时的状态应该是非常忙碌的。故选C。
5．A.fell upon B．came at
C．went through D．got into
A 解析：根据上文的eyes和下文的their sandals可知， 作者是想表示她的眼睛突然转向了他们的鞋子， 故选A。
6．A.Stand back B．Turn around
C．Get out D．Come in
D 解析：根据后文作者邀请小孩们喝一些热可可可以知道， 这时候作者是要邀请孩子们进入她家。故选D。
7．A.over B．out
C．off D．on
A 解析：根据后文可知， 作者邀请小孩进入她家， 小孩已经坐下了。所以前文要表示小孩走进来了。根据选项判断， 故选A。
8．A.door B．floor
C．ground D．wall
B 解析：根据前文可以知道， 穿着湿鞋子走进来的孩子们， 在地板上留下了脚印。故选B。
9．A.about B．against
C．for D．in
B 解析：根据后文的the freezing cold可知， 这个地方是表示和外面的寒冷进行斗争。故选B。
10．A.Thus B．But
C．Then D．So
C 解析：根据后文I went back to the kitchen and started again on my household budget for Thanksgiving Day可以得知， 作者给他们提供了热饮之后， 又回到了厨房继续准备火鸡。根据选项意思判断， 故选C。
11．A.rich B．kind
C．helpful D．healthy
A 解析：根据文章最后提到how rich I am可知， 此处小孩在问作者， 她是否非常富有。故选A。
12．A.curiously B．hopefully
C．carefully D．silently
C 解析：根据前文小男孩的flat voice, 说明两个小孩到陌生人家里， 拿着带有托盘的茶杯， 话都不敢大声讲， 与前文照应， 此处应该表示女孩也很小心翼翼， 故选C。
13．A.hungry B．pleasant
C．deep D．cold
A 解析：根据后文no amount of food could supply可知， 小孩说话就像没有吃饱饭似的， 所以根据选项， 故选A。
14．A.turning B．delivering
C．pushing D．holding
D 解析：根据后文their papers against the wind是表示他们在寒风中紧紧抓住他们得到的那些纸张， 根据选项， 答案选D。
15．A.reminded B．promised
C．persuaded D．told
A 解析：根据后文I had so much for which to be grateful可知， 作者是想说明， 这些小孩让我想起了， 我还有很多值得我去感激的东西。所以根据选项， 答案选A。
16．A.really B．even
C．well D．only
D 解析：后文的but是一个转折。作者表示茶杯和托盘只值5便士， 但是它们却能够相匹配。故选D。
17．A.matched B．worked
C．mixed D．agreed
A 解析：作者提到了自己的土豆和肉汤， 丈夫和一个好的稳定的工作， 想说明属于自己的一切都搭配得非常好。而且上文也有提到茶杯和杯垫也是matched。故选A。
18．A.decorated B．equipped
C．emptied D．cleaned
D 解析：根据后文提到的muddy可知， 被鞋子踩过的地板脏了， 所以作者要把地面的泥巴打扫干净。故选D。
19．A.lines B．prints
C．signs D．steps
B 解析：根据后文small sandals were still wet upon my floor可知， 留在地板上的是一些脚踩过的鞋印。故选B。
20．A.realize B．doubt
C．forget D．prove
C 解析：本题题意是表示， 作者希望能够将那些脚印留在那里一会儿， 以免自己开始忘记自己有多富有。因为前文作者一直在表示， 和那些小朋友比较， 自己还是很富有的， 但是自己一直都没有意识到， 所以怕自己会开始忘记自己多富有。 故选C。
短文改错
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are needing. I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, because I want to be a volunteer. I was an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English movie, and I can speak English fluent. Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at make friends, I am always ready to help the others. I will try my
best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great successfully. I hope you can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
答案：
Dear Sir or Madam，
I learn the newspaper that the Asian Winter Games will be held in the city where I live and that some volunteers are . I hope I can have a chance to do something for it, I want to be a volunteer. I an 18-year-old boy student in a senior middle school. In my spare time I like watching English ， and I can speak English . Besides, I like sports. Meanwhile, being good at friends, I am always ready to help others. I will try my best to help the Asian Winter Games become a great . I hope can be chosen.
Thank you.
Yours sincerely，
Jack
课件79张PPT。Unit 2 Languagecustom interruptrepresent distinguish embarrass conclusionmistakencombineconvenientindicateup and downmake fun ofin conclusiondiffer fromstand foras a wholeturn intoin the 1950sought toas a result ofNot allbe of practical useembarrassingembarrassedembarrassingembarrassmentIn conclusion,with conclude from came to a conclusionconclusionIn conclusion,combine withfromherselfto distinguish between right and wrongconvenienceatit’s convenient for youIf it is convenient for you/At your conveniencewith from differencea代表支持， 主张容忍象征stand bystand up for turned downturned inturned downturn outturn off turn upBothnotNeitherNot allNot bothEverynotbe very valuableof the same age/of an ageof many different colorsof great importanceis of no use本部分内容讲解结束按ESC键退出全屏播放
