(共33张PPT)
英语
第一板块 阅读理解与七选五
专题一 阅读理解
第一部分 题型分类概述
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
第一板块 阅读理解与七选五
“阅读理解”和“七选五”占据着高考浙江卷的第一部分。“良好的开端是成功的一半”，前面这两个题型解答的顺利与否，直接影响着后面其他试题的答题时间和答题心态，准做快做阅读理解类试题，为攻克后面的题目节省时间。
第一部分 题型分类概述|掌握四种题型选项特征，快速阅读不失分
[阅读理解·题型细分类]
[正误选项·特征巧识别]
超重点1 正确选项特征
【考情调研】
在阅读理解的备考过程中，明确阅读理解常设选项的特征是快速准确锁定答案的关键。高考英语阅读理解的正确选项一般通过以下途径设置：
关键词直接复现：直接复现类可从问题中找到关键词，以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧迅速定位即可。此类题目较为简单，考查频率不高。
对原文关键词进行同义转换、正话反说和细节概括：此类题目需对原文信息进行准确理解并简单推理，观察词义、词性及语态的变化。这是命题人常用的设题方式，复习时应掌握英语的多种表达法。
同义转述
从近几年的高考题来看，细节理解题不仅数量有所增加，而且难度也稍有加大，主要表现为题目信息与原文信息表达方式不一致。命题人一般会对文章细节加以转述来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。转述的主要方式有以下三种：
1．同义词转化：把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，设为正确选项。
2．词性或语态等的变化：把原文中的词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，用另一种表达转述原文信息。
3．语言简化概括：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化或概括成为正确答案。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic?like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A．It’ll be environment?friendly.
B．It’ll reach consumers soon.
C．It’ll be made of plastics.
D．It’ll help speed up typing.
[解析] B 细节理解题。根据上段中的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。
正话反说
正话反说是阅读理解题目中的一个难点，通常有以下几个高频考向：
1．It looks/sounds like/as if类：表示看/听起来好像是，实际上并不是。
2．虚拟语气句：用虚拟语气来表述与事实相反的情况，让读者推断事实内容。
3．让步论述：先假设作者的观点反面成立，从而引出一系列荒谬的、不合理的结果，倒过来证明作者观点的正确性。
4．反问句。
[典例] (2019·北京卷·C片段)The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions”(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future, it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
38．How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?
A．Panicked. B．Confused.
C．Embarrassed. D．Disappointed.
[解析] D 推理判断题。根据上段中的“By the time these ‘solutions’(解决方案) become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.”可知，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段；由此可推知作者对自动语音电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，D项意为“失望的”，故选D。
理解概括
阅读理解除了考查考生对细节信息的准确理解外， 还要求考生通过思维分析将信息进行归纳概括，使之系统化、条理化。
[典例] (2019·浙江卷6月·C)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
30．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
[解析] A 标题归纳题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。故选A。
超重点2 干扰项特征
【考情调研】
高考英语阅读理解的错误选项就是命题人用以干扰考生思维的陷阱。高考英语中，由于词汇量的限制，挑选的文章不能过难。命题人就在问题和干扰项上做文章，使考生即使能基本读懂文章，也不能轻松做对题目。现在的干扰项不仅语言复杂，而且欺骗性强，两个语言水平相当、对文章理解程度相差不大的考生会因为对干扰项的辨别能力不同，而影响答题的准确率。为了提高辨别错误和干扰信息的能力，有必要分析干扰项的种种特征，使考生在命题人设置的种种陷阱前，做到胸有成竹。
偷梁换柱
干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D片段)During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
32．What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A．Unkind. B．Lonely.
C．Generous. D．Cool.
[解析] C 推理判断题。根据上段的第一句“During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，作者在小学时乐于分享。unkind“不友好的”，lonely“孤独的”，generous“慷慨的，大方的”，cool“酷的”，故选C。
[易错分析] 该题易误选A项。选项A属于偷梁换柱，由“Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.”可知A项是作者青少年时期的情况。
张冠李戴
干扰项表述的内容在原文里可以找到信息依据， 但与题干所问的动作发出者不一致。不注意动作主语的差异， 张冠李戴， 极易造成误选。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ·A片段)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld, 236 W．45th St.212?239?6200.)
2．Who is the director of The Audience?
A．Helen Mirren. B．Peter Morgan.
C．Dylan Baker. D．Stephen Daldry.
[解析] D 细节理解题。题干问的是“谁执导了The Audience？”。根据该部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知答案。
[易错分析] 本题容易误选B项。有些考生一看到原文中的“Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan”就贸然下结论，以为这部戏剧的导演是Peter Morgan。
绝对化表达
干扰项中出现如all, none, everyone, each, everything, impossible 等绝对化的表达， 一般不符合客观事实和原文信息。
[典例] (2019·江苏卷·C片段)Even more worryingly, the fascination with the internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up internet centres in rural villages. I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long?term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
62．The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should ________．
A．take people’s essential needs into account
B．make their programmes attractive to people
C．ensure that each child gets financial support
D．provide more affordable internet facilities
[解析] A 推理判断题。根据上段中的“The question，however，is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and...in rural villages.”可知，作者想通过事例说明捐赠者应该考虑人们的基本需求，而不要片面地认为有了高科技产品，受赠者的生活水平就会产生巨大飞跃。故选A。
[易错分析] 选项C为绝对化表达，不符合客观事实和原文信息。
颠倒逻辑
干扰项中出现语义逻辑的混乱， 即原文中出现的是A引起B, 而选项中是B引起A，考生可能看到了文中出现过的词语， 没有细研究其逻辑意义， 从而造成误选。
[典例] (2019·江苏卷·C片段)It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
61．Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to ________．
A．a lack of confidence in technology
B．a slow progress in technology
C．a conflict or public opinions
D．a waste of limited resources
[解析] D 细节理解题。根据上段中的“However，they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.”可知，对新技术影响的误判导致了对稀缺资源的误用，故选D。
[易错分析] 选项C是颠倒逻辑，对新技术影响的误判会导致对稀缺资源的误用而不是公共观点的冲突。
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(共46张PPT)
英语
第一板块 阅读理解与七选五
专题一 阅读理解
第二部分 题型应对策略
第一讲 理解文中具体信息——细节理解题
B
C
B
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
定位对比我答
剖析题型特点,掌握解题方法》
真题示例悉考向
感悟高考真题,精准把脉考向》
细节理解题正确选项特征
细节理解题干扰项特征
同义替换
语言简化
正话反说
扩缩范围
无中生有
偷梁换柱
张冠李戴
正误参半
对原文句子
把原文中的
与文章细节明显与文章符合常识,
是文章细节
把原文中的
中的关健诃
意思反过米
但不符合题
复杂语言现
部分吻合
内容不符或但不是文章
部分正确
进行同义替
表达而成为
部分错误
象进行简化
部分相悖
没冇提及
内容
干要求或不
换
正确选项
是要点
跟踪训练提知能
训练高质考题,知能巩固提升》
第一讲 理解文中具体信息——细节理解题
细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中非常重要的一种题型。细节理解题题干针对原文的具体叙述进行提问，主要考查考生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节、文章的主要事实或文中个别词句的理解能力，一般包括查找信息题、数字计算题等。
高考细节理解题题量统计 考纲解读
年份 浙江卷 (1)文章细节对于理解全文内容来说至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。 (2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。(3)这类试题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
2019.6 4
2018.11 2
2018.6 3
2017.11 4
2017.6 3
【考查特点】
Ⅰ.把握细节理解题常见的命题方式：
(1)特殊疑问句形式：以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。
(2)填空题形式：通常涉及与主题有关的事实和细节。
(3)就文中数字、排序等提问。
Ⅱ.掌握细节细解题的考查角度：
(1)高频考点：直接信息题；综合细节题。
(2)低频考点：数字计算题；正误判断题；细节排序题。
直接细节题——精准定位判细节
直接细节题即事实认定类细节题，该题型在原文中可直接找到答案，不要求考生对事实做出解释或者判断，只需要从阅读材料中直接获取信息(有时需要跨段落查找细节信息)。正确选项和原文在表述上没有太大的变化。
常见的设问方式：
◆Which activity will you choose if...?
◆What will you/the students do on Tuesday/on the Capital City Bike Tour?
◆When can you see a play in Hebrew?
◆Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?
◆At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?
◆Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·A片段)
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15－18 years old in select communities(社区)．
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands?on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15－29, returning to school in the fall.
21．What is special about Summer Company?
A．It requires no training before employment.
B．It provides awards for running new businesses.
C．It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D．It offers more summer job opportunities.
第一步 确定题干中的关键词
Summer Company
第二步 根据关键词定位信息句
Summer Company provides students with hands?on business training and awards of up to $3，000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
第三步 比对选项确定答案
Summer Company的特别之处在于 “它为经营新业务提供奖励”。
自主解答：B
第一步 看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。
第二步 采取速读技巧快速定位原文信息，仔细比对选项和文中细节，进而确定答案。
综合细节题——推理归纳定选项
综合细节题要求考生在原文中找到有关的信息，但同时需要将选项信息与原文句子进行语义上的转换， 例如使用同义词、近义词或反义词表达相同的意思， 这需要考生综合考虑，把握出题人的考查意图。
常见的设问方式：
◆Which of the following best describes...?
◆Why was...a success?
◆How does the writer recommend...to readers?
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C片段)“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.
29．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A．To meet with her coworkers.
B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own.
D．To collect data for her report.
第一步 确定题干中的关键词
prefer to go out，lunch
第二步 根据关键词定位信息句
用prefer to go out和lunch寻读，可以定位在第三段，在第三段找到I just wanted some time to myself.
第三步 比对选项确定答案
根据信息句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间。
自主解答：C
第一步 看题目，从题干中提取关键信息。
第二步 采取速读技巧寻找原文信息，将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，将确定的文章信息进行加工处理，进行进一步的辨别，进而确定答案。
数字计算题——“加减乘除”巧破解
数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。
常见的设问方式：
◆How much should a couple with a kid pay a visit...?
◆How long does...last?
◆How much may they pay...?
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)At present, the world has about 6，800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1，000; Africa 2，400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
30．How many languages are spoken by less than 6，000 people at present?
A．About 6，800. B．About 3，400.
C．About 2，400. D．About 1，200.
第一步 确定题干中的关键词
less than 6，000 people at present
第二步 根据关键词定位信息句
At present, the world has about 6，800 languages.及The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
第三步 整合推算运用数学公式计算
由原文信息句可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.可知，目前大约3 400种语言的使用人数不到6 000。
自主解答：B
第一步 仔细分析题干，抓牢关键信息。
第二步 从文章中找出包含该信息的段落，运用数学公式计算。
对于离散的数字计算题，需要先找到与之相关的事实或数据，然后再进行分析整合。
(2019·浙江卷6月·A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby. He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.
His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother, a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A．G. Piccoli, found in an antique shop. Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier. So when his mother gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had to do.
Through the Internet, Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko. But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you? What antique shop？” However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. So she called Zac back and apologized. Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown, N．Y. “At that point, I knew she meant business，” Zac says. “To drive eight hours to come to see me.”
The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown. Corrado, a translator for the Army during WWⅡ， was killed in action in Europe.
Before hearing from Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure. “This medal was very precious to my parents. Only on special occasions(场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands，” Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline couldn’t understand why the medal was so significant. “But as I grew older，” Adeline says, “and missed my brother more and more, I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.
Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal, Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.
【解题导语】 文章主要介绍了Zachariah Fike为“军功章”寻找其真正的主人的故事。
21．Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?
A．In the army. B．In an antique shop.
C．From his mother. D．From Adeline Rockko.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，Zac曾经在战场上获得过紫心勋章，故选A项。
22．What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?
A．She was very impolite.
B．She was serious about the medal.
C．She suspected his honesty.
D．She came from a wealthy family.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“she called Zac back...To drive eight hours to come to see me”可推知，Adeline很在意这枚勋章，故选B项。
23．What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A．Her parents’ advice.
B．Her knowledge of antiques.
C．Her childhood dream.
D．Her memory of her brother.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Adeline couldn’t understand...missed my brother more and more...the only thing we had left”可知，这枚紫心勋章代表着Adeline对在战场上牺牲的兄弟的深切怀念和记忆，故选D项。
“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题
1．两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义， 即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面， 来表达相同的意思； 二是对文章信息的综合理解推断归纳。
2．一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归纳，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。
A
(2019·浙江瑞安高三第一次调研)
Great American Song Contest
Contest Rules & Entry：
?This annual event is designed for amateur and semi?pro(半职业) songwriters only. Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualifications.
?Amateur and semi?pro songwriters from all nations of the world are invited to participate in the Great American Song Contest. Song lyrics(歌词) may be in any language. Please include an English translation.
?All participants will be sent an entry confirmation and a judging schedule when their songs are received and processed.
?This year’s deadline is March 5. Online submissions must be received by this date. Mailed submissions must be postmarked(盖邮戳) by this date.
?An entry fee of $30 is required for each entered song. After the first two entries, the entry fee drops to $25 for each additional song.
?If the same song is entered in multiple categories, each requires a separate entry fee.
Prizes & Benefits：
Grand Prize Winner receives $1，000 in cash; each First Prize Winner receives $500 in cash. In addition, all winners receive a free membership to TAXI Independent A&R Company—$300 value!
Unlike those highly competitive “big cash prize” contests, which receive 20，000 to 30，000 entries each year but reward only a few, the Great American Song Contest offers a clear benefit to everyone who enters. Songwriters can get their songs heard and get feedback from knowledgeable music?industry professionals. That’s because the Great American Song Contest offers this opportunity and unique guarantee: All participating songwriters receive written opinions on their songs from experienced music?industry professionals!
【解题导语】 本文是一则广告。文章主要介绍Great American Song Contest的规则、参赛费用和奖励。
1．What can we know from the contest rules?
A．Song lyrics must be written in English only.
B．Not all songwriters can take part in the contest.
C．All submissions must be received by the deadline.
D．Not all participants will receive a judging schedule.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“This annual event is designed for amateur and semi?pro(半职业) songwriters only. Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualifications.”可知 ，只有业余和半职业歌曲作者可以参赛，即并非所有歌曲作者都能参赛。故正确答案为B。
2．How much should a songwriter pay for his three entries?
A．$75. B．$80.
C．$85. D．$90.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Contest Rules & Entry部分倒数第二段“An entry fee of $30 is required for each entered song. After the first two entries, the entry fee drops to $25 for each additional song.”可知，三首参赛歌曲需付(30×2＋25＝)85美元。故正确答案为C。
3．What’s an advantage of the Great American Song Contest?
A．More cash for every prize.
B．Quicker confirmation.
C．A larger number of entries.
D．Written comments on entries.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“All participating songwriters receive written opinions on their songs from experienced music?industry professionals！”可知，每个参赛者的歌曲都可以得到有经验的音乐界专业人士的书面评价。故正确答案为D。
[长难句分析] Songwriters who earn over $10，000 annually from song publishing royalties(版税) do not have qualifications. (Contest Rules & Entry部分第一段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who 引导定语从句，修饰先行词Songwriters。
译文：每年从歌曲出版版税中赚取一万美元以上的歌曲作者没有参赛资格。
B
(2019·嘉兴模拟)Scientists have recreated a 1985 study of birds in Peru that shows climate change is pushing them from their natural environment. Thirty years ago, researchers studied over 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru. In 2017, researchers looked again at the bird populations. They found that almost all had moved to higher places in the mountain. Almost all had decreased in size. And, the scientists say at least eight bird groups that started at the higher elevations(高地) had died out completely.
The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes. Or changes to food sources may have forced them to go higher. The findings were published in a science journal. The 1985 research has documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation in reaction to warming temperatures. Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.
In 2016, Fitzpatrick, director and a co?writer of the study passed his notes, photos and other records to Benjamin Freeman. Freeman has been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years. He set out in August and September of 2017 to copy Fitzpatrick’s study. His team used the same methods, searching the same places in the same time of year.
Freeman’s team wanted to see how things had changed for the bird groups since 1985. The average temperatures on the mountain had risen 0.42 degrees Celsius. His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.
Freeman said that the birds moved an average of 98 meters further up the mountain. He believes that temperature is the main cause of the birds’ movement. Fitzpatrick noted that birds used to living in areas with little temperature change may be especially at risk because of climate change. He said, “We should expect that what’s happening on this mountain top is happening more generally in the Andes, and other tropical mountain ranges.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。
4．How many kinds of birds lived in Peru 30 years ago?
A．At least eight bird groups.
B．More than 400.
C．Over eight bird groups.
D．Less than 400.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thirty years ago, researchers studied over 400 kinds of birds living on a mountainside in Peru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多种鸟类生活在秘鲁。故正确答案为B。
5．Why did the birds move up the mountain?
A．To avoid temperature changes.
B．To find more food sources.
C．To adapt to extreme temperature.
D．To react to the increase of other kinds of animals.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers say the birds might have moved up the mountain because of temperature changes.”可知，它们是为了避开温度的变化。故正确答案为A。
6．How did Freeman and his team record the sound of birds not easily being seen?
A．They had the temperature rise 0.42 degrees Celsius.
B．They moved an average of 98 meters further up the mountain.
C．They placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain.
D．They kept on listening to the sound happening on this mountain top.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“His team placed 20 sound recording devices on the mountain to record the sounds of birds that might not easily be seen.”可知，他们是通过在山上放置20个录音设备来记录那些不容易被看见的鸟类的声音的。故正确答案为C。
7．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Two teams used the same methods to do researches.
B．Scientists documented birds and other animals moving up in elevation.
C．Scientists have been researching tropical birds for more than 10 years.
D．Rising temperature causes some birds in Peru to become extinct.
D 解析：主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果，即温度上升会让鸟类向海拔更高的地方迁徙，而这会导致鸟类的灭绝。D项体现了这项研究的结果，概括了本文的主要内容。故正确答案为D。
[长难句分析] Mark Urban, a biologist at a university, said this recent study was the first to prove that rising temperatures and moving to avoid them can lead to extinction.(第二段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。a biologist at a university是Mark Urban的同位语；this recent study was...是省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；rising temperatures...can lead to...是that引导的宾语从句，作prove的宾语。
译文：Mark Urban，一所大学的生物学家，说最近这项研究首次证明，气温上升和为避免高温而进行的迁徙可能会导致物种的灭绝。
细节理解题——直接细节题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·温州适应性测试)Born in the State of New York on May 14th, 1984, Mark Zuckerberg was an instant success. In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise. It earned him admission to Harvard University.
As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the university—an instantly controversial website that encouraged students to rate each other based on appearance.
The site was controversial for several reasons. The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with. The second was its controversial nature—not every student likes being ranked based on their appearance. The third was its huge resource use—while it was hosted on Harvard servers, it was the most popular page in the university’s entire network.
Zuckerberg was soon forced to shut the site down, but its popularity and controversy had made him consider its future potential. He soon turned the simple site into a personal one for Harvard students, encouraging them to network with their peers at the college. It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.
The company has been criticized frequently, nevertheless, Zuckerberg has remained true to his initial vision—to create a website that the entire world can use to communicate openly and easily with one another and to keep the user experience clean and pure. The end result is one of the world’s biggest online businesses.
Although its true value is debatable, it’s safe to say that Facebook, and its creator Mark Zuckerberg, are two of the twenty?first century’s most influential, controversial, and potentially powerful figures.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Facebook网站的创始人Zuckerberg创建网站的过程以及他努力克服所遇困难的故事。
1．What can we know about Mark Zuckerberg when he was a student?
A．He was often praised by teachers for the website he created.
B．He had good academic performance.
C．He alone created a website called Facebook.
D．He encouraged students to set up business like him.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“In his high school years, he was considered one of top students in the class, before moving into the arts, sciences, and literature, again picking up high marks and receiving academic praise.”可知，Mark Zuckerberg在学生时期就有良好的学业表现。故B项正确。
2.Why did Zuckerberg shut the site down?
A．Because his website was not popular.
B．Because he was doubted for the way he used photographs.
C．Because he needed time to reconsider his choice.
D．Because he stole resource on Harvard server.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The first was its illegal use of photographs, which the university and students took issue with.”可知，他关闭该网站的第一个因素就是照片的非法使用。故B项正确。
3．Which words can best describe Zuckerberg?
A．Easy?going and smart.
B．Quiet and shy.
C．Talented and outgoing.
D．Rebellious and creative.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“As a rebellious yet relatively quiet student, he created a website called Facemash in the university”可知，Zuckerberg是一个叛逆的学生，并且在学生时期就创建了网站。由此可推知，Zuckerberg是叛逆的和有创造性的。故D项正确。
4．What is the best title of the passage?
A．Mark Zuckerberg and His Facebook
B．The Foundation of Facebook
C．A Talent from Harvard University
D．The Development of Facebook
A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Zuckerberg在创建网站的过程中遇到的困难以及他努力克服所遇困难的过程，A项适合作本文的标题。故A项正确。
[长难句分析] It was then, together with his two friends, that they launched “The Facebook”， which immediately spread to other colleges and grew into a public service that anyone could access in the United States, whether to network with friends and family, or to play games.(第四段第三句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It was...that 构成强调句；which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“The Facebook”；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a public service。
译文：就在那时，他和两个朋友一起推出了“The Facebook”。Facebook迅速传播到其他大学并发展成为一项公共服务。在美国，任何人都可以使用这一服务，无论是用来与朋友和家人联系，还是玩游戏。
B
While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, there’s always the risk that you’ll be caught out while driving in the rain. But the days of having to quickly close your sunroof could soon be a thing of the past thanks to Jaguar Land Rover’s latest technology.
The firm is developing cars that can adapt automatically by closing windows and roofs or starting the heater if they detect bad weather is on the way. The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in conditions and adapt to them. Cars equipped with the system could make slight changes to the air conditioning if it finds the weather is getting warmer during a journey or increase the cabin temperature if it will get colder.
The forecast may indicate there is a possibility of one or more weather conditions, such as rain, within a period of time, such as five minutes. The vehicle may then adapt to the local weather conditions. In particular, it may close one or more windows, or close a roof of the vehicle in response to a forecast of rain. Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.
Although it’s unclear whether this technology will make its way to a production vehicle anytime soon, such a system would be advantageous on autonomous vehicles. Since there’s no human driver present, the system will allow the vehicle to make it comfortable for its passengers, based on current weather conditions. It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术——天气预报系统。该系统使用了一整套气压、湿度和光线传感器，帮助车辆预测大气状况的变化并加以适应。
5．How will Jaguar Land Rover’s latest technology benefit drivers?
A．Vehicles can automatically drive themselves.
B．Vehicles can find positions and routes themselves.
C．Vehicles can act as mobile weather forecasting stations.
D．Vehicles can open windows and sunroofs automatically.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The weather forecasting system uses a set of air pressure, humidity(湿度) and light sensors(传感器) to help its vehicles predict changes in conditions and adapt to them.”可知，捷豹路虎的最新技术可以让车辆像可移动的天气预报站一样，帮助车辆预测天气状况的变化并加以适应，从而造福于驾驶员。故选C。
6．What is the feature of the glass of a vehicle with the new technology?
A．It can help adjust the temperature.
B．It can still be clear in rainy days.
C．It is too strong to break into pieces.
D．Its colour can change with the sunshine.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Similarly windows could be darkened using electrochromic(电致变色的) glass to improve visibility if bright sunshine is forecast.”可知，采用新技术的汽车玻璃的颜色会随着阳光而改变。故选D。
7．What can we know about the weather forecasting system from the text?
A．It is intelligent enough to stop raining.
B．It makes the driver more comfortable.
C．It can’t predict the weather accurately.
D．It makes autonomous cars safer in bad weather.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“It can also make the vehicle safer if it knows rain or snow is coming.”可知，天气预报系统会使无人驾驶汽车在恶劣天气下更安全。故选D。
8．Where might the text be taken from?
A．A book review. B．A science report.
C．A science fiction. D．A travel brochure.
B 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了捷豹路虎最新的技术，因此本文最可能出自科学报道。故选B。
[长难句分析] While weather forecasters can make fairly accurate predictions, there’s always the risk that you’ll be caught out while driving in the rain.(第一段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；you’ll be caught out while driving in the rain是同位语从句，说明risk的内容。
译文：虽然天气预报员可以做出相当准确的预测，但你还会有在雨中开车时会淋雨的风险。
C
Who’re happier, men or women? Research shows it’s a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn’t really that helpful, because basically, happiness is different for women and men.
Women’s happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the differences.
Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.
Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people’s view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.
Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation—which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women’s happiness is more dependent on relationships than men’s.
【解题导语】 本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。
9．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?
A．Warmth. B．Depression.
C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。
10．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?
A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.
C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。
11．One can probably read the text from________．
A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure
C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine
D 解析：文章出处题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.
B．Men and women experience happiness differently.
C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.
D．Women’s happiness has declined in the past years.
B 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。
[长难句分析] Gender(性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the differences.(第二段第三句)
分析：本句是一个由and连接的并列句。that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the differences为that引导的宾语从句。
译文：抑郁症的性别差异已得到充分证实，而且研究发现，生理、心理和社会因素造成了这些差异。
细节理解题——综合细节题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校高三联考)A simple project to help a family in need stopped Luke Mickelson in his tracks. In 2012, he and his family were inspired to build and donate a bunk bed, one bed on top of the other, after learning there were local children who slept on the floor. Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.
Born and raised in Idaho, Mickelson, now 41, had a thriving career. He coached his kids’ sports teams and fished in the nearby river. But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.
Using safety guidelines and his daughter’s bunk bed as a model, Mickelson started buying wood and supplies to build beds with his own money. He recruited friends and family members to help around the holidays. As the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded—along with Mickelson’s bunk bed output. “That first project, we built 11 bunk beds in my garage，” he said. “The next year, we did 15. Then it doubled every year. In 2017, we built 612 bunk beds.”
With the motto “No kid sleeps on the floor in our town”， the nonprofit and its more than 65 branches have built and delivered more than 1，500 free beds to children across America. But along with the rapid growth, Mickelson was faced with a tough choice: advancing his career or his nonprofit. He chose the latter and went from making “great money to zero money”. He’s never looked back. “I found that the need I have isn’t financial，” he said. “The need I have is seeing the joy on kids’ faces, knowing that I can make a difference.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Mickelson为了让自己社区的无床可睡的孩子们能够有床睡觉，成立了一个公益组织“Sleep in Heavenly Peace”。
1．Why did Mickelson set up Sleep in Heavenly Peace?
A．To help the poor children.
B．To make a big fortune.
C．To inspire his community.
D．To get more donations.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段，尤其是最后一句中的“Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need”可知，Mickelson创建这个非营利组织是为了帮助贫困儿童。
2．What do we know about Luke Mickelson?
A．He had his own fish farm.
B．He changed his career from time to time.
C．He used to sleep on the floor when he was a kid.
D．He originally had a relaxing and pleasant life.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段，尤其是最后一句“But when he met children who were sleeping on the floor, his peaceful life changed course.”可知，Mickelson一开始过着轻松、舒适的生活。
3．How did other people react to Mickelson’s project?
A．They showed little interest in it.
B．They were supportive and involved in it.
C．They were doubtful about the safety of the bunk bed.
D．They volunteered to buy beds with their own money.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He recruited friends and family members to help around the holidays. As the word spread, interest and involvement from his and other communities flooded”可知，Mickelson的朋友和其他家庭成员都来帮忙，随着消息的传播，更多人参与进来，由此可知，人们对Mickelson创建的这个组织非常支持，并且积极参与。
4．What is Mickelson’s attitude to the nonprofit?
A．Ambiguous. B．Defensive.
C．Cautious. D．Positive.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段，尤其是“The need I have...make a difference.”可知，Mickelson想要看到孩子们脸上的喜悦，他知道他在做一些有影响的事；由此可推知，他对这个组织持积极的态度。
[长难句分析] Shocked to discover how widespread this need was in his community, Mickelson founded Sleep in Heavenly Peace, a nonprofit that builds and delivers beds to children in need.(第一段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。句中含有how引导的从句，作discover的宾语；“that builds and delivers beds to children in need”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“a nonprofit”， that在从句中充当主语。
译文：Mickelson震惊地发现，这种需求在他的社区如此普遍，于是他创建了Sleep in Heavenly Peace——一个为有需要的儿童建造并运送床的非营利组织。
B
The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves. More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?
The most recent National Journal poll asked participants about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goal, and whether or not they felt the control over their ability to be successful. Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century. Generally speaking, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside force—deciding their lives. But the participants had definitely mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.
In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic(悲观的) about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a 4?year college education in order to be successful.
Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability(稳定) his parents and grandparents never did. While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high?school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook(支票簿), are the necessary elements for a successful life in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。一项民意测验表明，美国人现在不像以前那么相信美国梦了，有一半多的美国人认为不接受大学教育也可以成功。
5．It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ________．
A．a sense of drive and purpose
B．an advanced academic degree
C．a firm belief in their dream
D．an ambition to get ahead
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“More specifically, they agree on how to get ahead in America: get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy their own house.”可知，过去在美国，人们通常认为一个人要成功必须获得大学教育、有大学文凭。故正确答案为B。
6．What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?
A．More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.
B．It remains alive among the majority of American people.
C．An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.
D．Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Obviously, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream and what it takes to achieve it looks quite different from it did in the late 20th century.”可知，这次民意调查发现在过去的几十年里，美国人对美国梦的看法已经改变了。故正确答案为D。
7．What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?
A．It still remains open to debate.
B．It has proved to be beyond doubt.
C．It is much better understood now than ever.
D．It is no longer as important as it used to be.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，现在美国人对大学教育能引领成功这一看法越来越悲观，有一半多的美国人认为成功并不需要大学教育。由此可推断出，现在美国人认为大学教育对于成功来说并不像过去那么重要。故正确答案为D。
8．How do some people view college education these days?
A．It helps broaden their minds.
B．It needs to be strengthened.
C．It widens cultural diversity.
D．It promotes gender equality.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new viewpoints and life experiences.”可推断出，如今一些人认为大学教育能帮助扩展他们的视野。故正确答案为A。
[长难句分析] The American dream is the faith held by many people in the United States of America that through hard work, courage, creativity and determination, they can achieve a better life for themselves.(第一段第一句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。“held by many people in the United States of America”是非谓语动词结构，在此作后置定语，修饰faith; that引导同位语从句，解释说明 faith的具体内容。
译文：美国梦是许多美国人的信念，他们认为通过努力工作、勇气、创造力和决心，他们可以为自己创造更好的生活。
C
Chinese cuisine is widely known and enjoyed all around the world. Who doesn’t long for a favorite Chinese dish? But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of tonic food.
Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well?being or avoid sickness. For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth. It was believed that this dish would benefit the muscles, reduce pain, improve circulation, stimulate sweating, and warm the body. Some foods, such as goat meat and spinach(菠菜), are seen as“hot”， while others, such as Chinese cabbage and radishes(小萝卜), are seen as “cold”. One should be careful not to eat too much of either “hot” or “cold” food. However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.
The custom of employing tonic food for a healthier life also influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry(枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish. These herbs attract customers, such as overworked office staff, in need of a modest pick?me?up.
So, whether you need to boost your strength with a large helping of chicken soup, or increase your mental powers with a serving of pig brain soup, you may find that this ancient Chinese custom could be just the tonic you were looking for.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了中国滋补食物的相关内容。
9．What is the present situation of tonic food?
A．It is catching less attention.
B．It is enjoyed by many young people.
C．It is well known worldwide.
D．It is becoming increasingly popular.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But there is one interesting concept concerning Chinese food which is almost unheard in the West, and which is becoming increasingly ignored by the youth of the East—the ancient custom of tonic food.”可知，目前滋补食物不再受到追捧。故选A。
10．What is believed to benefit new mothers?
A．Chinese cabbage. B．Fruit tea.
C．Sesame oil hotpot. D．Pig brain soup.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“For instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil hotpot every day for the first month after giving birth.”可知，人们认为麻油焖罐对新妈妈有益。
11．Which of the following best explains “catering” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Medicine. B．Restaurant.
C．Education. D．Fashion.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句“Chinese herbal medicines, such as the wolfberry(枸杞子), can be found on many a restaurant menu, either added to fruit tea or as a beneficial addition to a dish.”可推知，滋补食物对餐饮业有一定的影响，故“catering”与restaurant意思相近。
12．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Charm of Chinese Cuisine
B．The Popularity of Tonic Food
C．An Introduction to Chinese Tonic Food
D．Differences Between Hot Food and Cold Food
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二段第一句“Tonic food is food which is consumed to improve one’s well?being or avoid sickness.”和对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要对中国的滋补食物进行了简要的介绍。
[长难句分析] However, how much “hot” or “cold” food one should eat depends on the time of the year, how the food is prepared and what it is prepared with, and the individual’s health.(第二段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个how引导主语从句；第二个how引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语。
译文：然而，一个人应该吃多少“热性”或“凉性”的食物因一年中的时间、食物的烹饪方式、食物的搭配以及个人的健康状况而异。
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英语
第一板块 阅读理解与七选五
专题一 阅读理解
第二部分 题型应对策略
第四讲 根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题
翻译
C
C
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
定位对比我答
剖析题型特点,掌握解题方法》
真题示例悉考向
感悟高考真题,精准把脉考向》
判断三种正确选项特征
识别三类干扰项特征
含义和其字面意思上下文逻与原句意与所考词|如果的是熟词,含有常句子解释中含有过多原句巾已有的
没有任何的关系
辑通顺
思最接近
汎形似规词义的往往是错误选项词和短语的选项一般是错误选项
跟踪训练提知能
训练高质考题,知能巩固提升》
第四讲 根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中，常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种简单命题形式。
高考词句猜测题题量统计 考纲解读
年份 浙江卷 (1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。 (2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。 (3)阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。
2019.6 1(句子Money with no strings attached的含义)
2018.11 1(短语get bogged down的含义)
2018.6 1(单词headwinds的含义)
2017.11 1(短句work it out of her system的含义)
2017.6 1(句子The cat’s lot was about to improve的含义)
【考查特点】
Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题最常见的命题方式：
(1)The phrase“...” in the sentence could be replaced by “________”．
(2)The underlined word “...” in paragraph...refers to ________．
(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the...paragraph？/What does the underlined word mean in the...paragraph?
(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “...”？
(5)The underlined word “...” most probably means “________”．
(6)The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that ________．
Ⅱ.掌握词句猜测题的考查角度：
(1)猜测生词或熟词的含义。
(2)猜测短语的意义。
(3)猜测替代词所替代的内容(如it，one，they，this，that，these，those等)。
(4)猜测句意。
词义猜测题——语境分析猜词义
无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是文章中需要理解的生词，考生都可以利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词、逻辑关系、定义和解释、例证、同等关系及生活常识和文化背景等方法猜出单词或短语的意思，这些方法体现了高考对考生的文化品格要求越来越高。掌握了这些方法，考生猜测词义的准确度也会越来越高。
1．利用构词法猜词义
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，考生可以根据构词法猜测词义。
构词法有合成法、派生法和转换法(即单词的词性转变而词形不变)。
[典例] (2018·北京卷·D片段)A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol?powered private cars worldwide with electric, self?driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride?hailing services, considering the cost of self?driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
49．What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Employed. B．Replaced.
C．Shared. D．Reduced.
[解析] A 词义猜测题。利用构词法解题。field常用作名词， 表示“场地，领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，应用”。根据上段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容“The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly”并结合下句中的“as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology”可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会“被应用”到“叫车服务”中。故选A。
2．利用同义、近义词猜词义
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。表示同义或近义的信号词/词组常见的有：and，or，similarly，likewise等。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅱ·A片段)By translating the rich and humorous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.
[点拨] 根据上文中的“By translating the rich and humorous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL”中的translating可知，interpretation与translating同义，意为：翻译。
3．利用反义词猜词义
有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有：(whether)．..or，unlike，but，yet，however，while，although，nevertheless，instead，rather than，in contrast，on the contrary，on the other hand等。
[典例] (福建卷·E片段)If you’re tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored，you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track.
73．The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “________”．
A．cheerful B．average
C．serious D．temporary
[解析] A 词义猜测题。根据上文语境可知，upbeat应与上文中的“tired of”意义相反，可猜测为“快乐的，乐观的”，故选A。
4．利用逻辑关系猜词义
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。考生可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。常见的上下文之间的关系有：因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、解释关系等。
[典例] (2019·北京卷·D片段)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
43．What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Sensitive. B．Beneficial.
C．Significant. D．Unnoticeable.
[解析] A 词义猜测题。根据上段尾句“Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth...but also nutrients.”可知，温度变化对phytoplankton有很大的影响；由此可推知phytoplankton对海洋的温度很敏感。故选A。
5．利用例证猜词义
为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可以帮助考生猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的词，如such as，like, for example, for instance等。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation?state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
[解析] C 词义猜测题。根据“dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知，dominant languages意为“强有力的语言”。故选C。
6．利用同等关系猜词义
同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分，而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。只要认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性、作用和大概的意思。常见的表示同等关系的信号词有：or，namely, that is, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put in another way等。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅱ·B片段)If you have a__juicer,__you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
[解析] D 本段对juicer的功能做了描述，从其中的“you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert...”这些字眼可以看出juicer是一种机器，是一种将冷冻的香蕉、浆果等制成果汁的机器，此外，最后一句中的“they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below”明确指出画线词指的是一种机器(榨汁机)。故选D。
7．利用生活常识和文化背景猜词义
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “?ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non?native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles,__Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
25．What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Improper pauses. B．Bad manners.
C．Spelling mistakes. D．Silly jokes.
[解析] A 词义猜测题。根据文章内容可知，老师借助竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己。文中Chris Palaez的母语不是英语，他学英语才三年多，说话不流利，而且他在演讲时非常紧张，所以说话磕磕绊绊，故选A。
代词指代题——就近原则判指代
此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one, which等)究竟指代什么。
[典例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Jazz becoming more accessible.
B．The production of jazz growing faster.
C．Jazz being less popular with the young.
D．The jazz audience becoming larger.
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息
the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3
第二步 定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的内容
the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations
第三步 综合判断得出答案
由关键句可知，that指代爵士乐听众的数量减少并且趋于老龄化，不受年轻人喜欢的现状。
自主解答：C
代词指代判断三法
1．返回原文，找出指代词(it, they, them, this等)。
2．向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。
3．将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。
句意猜测题——意义吻合定句意
高考阅读理解有时对某一个句子的外延含义进行考查，因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义，巧解句意猜测题。
[典例] (2019·浙江卷6月·B片段)Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息
“money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1
第二步 定位到原句，并找出与该句相关的信息句
Give What You Can, Take What You Need.
第三步 综合判断得出答案
由“尽你所能，取你所需”可知，此处money with no strings attached的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。
自主解答：C
句意猜测两注意
句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章，用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。
1．返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。
2．一般来说，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思。
(2019·天津卷·D)Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven?knows?what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote(《堂吉诃德》). And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
Most of us，in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to learn，the opportunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we can’t change. We learn to avoid self?pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我), whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept.
Many of us equate(视……等同于) “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck，or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.
【解题导语】 本文从西班牙文学巨匠塞万提斯讲起，告诉我们不论身处哪个年龄阶段，只要有目标，并且愿意学习，我们就可能取得成功。
51．The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that________．
A．loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
B．age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
C．misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D．disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一、二段可知，塞万提斯成年后生活坎坷，但他决心写一本书，结果这本书畅销了350多年，有些人直到生命的最后时刻都在发现新的活力和创意。由此可推知，作者以塞万提斯的故事开头是为了告诉我们年龄不是实现目标的障碍。
52．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．End one’s struggle for liberty.
B．Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C．Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D．Lose the interest to continue learning.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据语境并结合画线短语所在句可知，“人们在还没到达人生的中点之前就失去了兴趣”。故选D。
53．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B．Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C．Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D．Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
C 解析：推理判断题。通读第四段可知，该段是说我们中大多数人总是减少自己生活的多样性，困在自己的专业领域，没有什么能给我们带来惊喜，但是只要我们愿意学，到处都是机会。由此可推知，机会青睐求知欲强的人。
54．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A．A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B．A wise man can live without self?pity.
C．A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D．A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
D 解析：推理判断题。通读第五段可知，该段说到我们成熟之后学会忍受自己改变不了的事，学会避免自我哀怜；知道有些人是我们无论怎么做都讨好不了的，这种想法最初会困扰我们，但最终我们会感到释然。由此可知，作者在第五段想告诉我们应该学会用合适的方式对待生活。故选D。
55．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B．To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C．To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D．To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
A 解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文通过塞万提斯的经历告诉我们要让自己成年的生活充满意义。
A
(2019·杭州一中模拟)When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders, Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier. But the glacier was gone, melted by the warming climate. Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there any more.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change. And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson, a full?time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell, US, an idea for a class.
This term, she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental study. She used the experiences of Native American tribes, scientists and activists, and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives.”
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者). Then he did his own reading and research, and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer?science major. Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full?time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration projects.
Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost, displaced or massively impacted，” she said. “The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Jennifer Wren Atkinson给同学们上环境研究的情感负担课，意在通过这类课程告诉学生气候变化日益严峻，没人能够独善其身，因此要更加关注环境问题。
1．Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?
A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research.
B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s.
C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change.
D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，Fawn Sharp被邀请乘坐直升机飞越奥林匹克山脉，调查Mount Anderson冰川。但是因气候变暖，冰川融化消失了，当Fawn Sharp 发现冰川已经不在那里时，她有一种深深的失落感。由此可推知，作者通过Fawn Sharp发现冰山消失以及她的感受来引入“气候变化导致环境损失”的主题。故选C。
2．What’s the main purpose of Atkinson’s class?
A．To explore how different people deal with climate change.
B．To get students more concerned about environmental issue.
C．To find solutions to the Olympic Mountains environmental issue.
D．To teach students how to conduct a research about environment.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.可知，Atkinson的课的主要目的是让学生更加关注环境问题。故选B。
3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “intractable” in paragraph 3?
A．Simple. B．Difficult.
C．Complicated. D．Interesting.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据本句中的“and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix”可知，Atkinson让她的24名学生面对这样一个现实：没有简单的解决办法；再根据破折号可知，此处表示这是一个如此棘手的问题，他们将在余生中处理它。由此可推知，intractable意为“困难的”，与difficult意义相近。故选B。
4．How did Atkinson’s class influence Dillon?
A．Dillon worked as a part?time volunteer for restoration projects.
B．It made him realize a planet?wide climate disaster would happen.
C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection.
D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句“Yet, the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full?time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration projects.”可知，五年前，Dillon认为世界环境灾难的可能性是如此真实，以至于他辞去了工作，成了一名致力于修复项目的环保组织的全职志愿者；又根据第六段“Six months into the work, he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.”可知，工作六个月后，他认为Atkinson的课正是他想要的——一个他可以讨论他对不断变化的气候的担忧的地方。由此可推知，Atkinson的课鼓励了Dillon更多地参与环境保护。故选C。
[长难句分析] Yet，the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full?time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration projects.(第五段第二句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。so...(第一个)that...引导结果状语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词an environmental group。
译文：然而，五年前，Dillon认为世界环境灾难的可能性看起来如此真实，以至于他辞去了工作，成了一名致力于修复项目的环保组织的全职志愿者。
B
(2019·金华十校模拟)Have you ever caught yourself saying “I hate small talk！” the minute you walk into a party? If so, you might be an introvert(内向的人). Introverts hate to chat about “small” subjects with people. They are fine when you talk one?on?one but seem to get lost in the crowd when there’s a group around.
If you’re talking to an introvert, you might find that your first few conversations go one of two ways. Either they’ll seem to get bored and not say much or they’ll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in?depth topics. What you need to know is that the introvert are not being rude. It’s just that they don’t like small talk. Here’s why.
Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversations. Some introverts don’t realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics. You don’t need to stay on small talk forever. However, sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time. Small talk is very fast. Someone says something and this should be followed up with a quick response. But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud. Before they answer, they’ll mull__over different thoughts.
Small talk in its very nature invites more people to join in. The more people who join in the conversation, the more the introvert will tend to step back. As a result, they’ll be quiet.
Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.
The listening involved with small talk is not in?depth. The purpose is about listening “lightly” so you can figure out the right topics to spend some time on. Introverts tend to be great listeners, but they use active listening rather than light listening. This makes them wonderful friends, but can also make it difficult for new people to understand why they’re so quiet.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了内向的人不喜欢闲聊及其原因，引导我们正确地认识闲聊的作用并理解内向的人。
5．How do introverts respond to a chat?
A．They try to avoid it.
B．They get excited about it.
C．They give it their full attention.
D．They focus on unimportant topics.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Either they’ll seem to get bored and not say much or they’ll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in?depth topics.”可知，性格内向者要么很厌烦不想多说，要么避免闲谈。故选A项。
6．What do we know about small talk?
A．It goes slowly.
B．It costs people a lot of time.
C．It contributes to deeper topics.
D．It provides much useful information.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conversations. Some introverts don’t realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics.”可知，闲聊有助于引出更深层次的话题。故选C项。
7．What does the underlined phrase “mull over” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Give up. B．Think over.
C．Write down. D．Forget about.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.”可知，内向的人喜欢在说话前仔细斟酌，也就是说，他们回答前会仔细考虑不同的想法。think over意为“认真考虑”，符合语境。give up意为“放弃”；write down意为“写下；记下”；forget about意为“忘记”。故选B项。
8．How can we become a good talker in small conversations?
A．Figure out the deep meaning of questions.
B．Think twice before answering questions.
C．Try to find shared topics.
D．Be a quiet listener.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.”可知，想要成为一个健谈的人，需要找到共同的话题。故选C项。
[长难句分析] However, sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time.(第三段第四句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，句子主语为introverts, feel是谓语，that引导宾语从句作feel的宾语；宾语从句中，the short amount of time is a waste of time 是句子主干， it takes to get into the real conversation是定语从句，修饰限定先行词the short amount of time, 从句中省略了引导词。
译文：然而，有时候性格内向者感觉甚至用很短的时间来进入真正的谈话都是浪费时间。
词句猜测题——词义猜测题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·浙江重点高中联盟联考)The pumpkin(南瓜) theme is everywhere at Butler’s Orchard in Germantown, Maryland. It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin. There are also other things to do, like riding a pony, rushing down a slide or walking around a corn maze with its confusing winding pathways. Some children discover the big orange fruits way more than they think. Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers. Butler’s Orchard opened more than sixty years ago, as one of the first pick your own farms in the area.
Ken Merriam brought his children. He says Butler’s Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras.“It’s a little bit of what I used to have as a kid, so that’s why I think it’s nice to bring them over here. Get them out of the city.” Shirley Butler’s grandchildren who are in their 30s are now the third generation to run the farm. General manager Tyler Butler says children who usually only see pumpkins in grocery stores can learn how pumpkins are grown.
“I didn’t know pumpkins came from a vine. There are flowers on this vine. There are roots.”These little girls are learning about pumpkins during their first trip to a pumpkin patch to feel the nature and the fruits. For Tristan Piazza’s mother, the Fall Festival is an annual event. “My parents have always brought me. I bring my kid now. I hope he stays in the area and he can bring his kids.” Since family funds are hard to keep__afloat these days, Tyler Butler appreciates the tens of thousands of visitors who come to the Fall Festival each year.
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了Butler自助果园的一些活动项目和它对于他人的家庭所起到的独一无二的作用。
1．At Butler’s Orchard, visitors can experience ________.
A．picking vegetables in person
B．growing vegetables by themselves
C．tasting fruits off season
D．selling pumpkins online
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Visitors can pick their own in season fruits, vegetables and flowers.”可知，游客可以在Butler果园里亲自采摘当令的水果、蔬菜和鲜花。故选A项。
2．Why did Ken Merriam take his children to the farm?
A．They want to run it.
B．They want to grow vegetables.
C．It reminds him of his childhood.
D．It provides them with fun activities.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“He says Butler’s Orchard brings back good memories of growing up on a farm in Honduras.”可知，他带孩子来这里是因为这里让他想起了他的童年。故选C项。
3．Which of the following best explains “keep afloat”underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Guarantee. B．Earn.
C．Expand. D．Spend.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据对画线短语所在句的理解可知，本句是说果园的经营者对来果园参加节日活动的游客表示感激，因为这些日子果园的资金有些周转不开，由此可推知，画线短语和guarantee“保证”含义相近。故选A项。
4．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The Fall Festival is an annual event.
B．Pumpkins at Butler’s Orchard are organic.
C．Pick your own farms are increasingly popular.
D．Butler’s Orchard strengthens the bond of the family.
D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了Butler果园的一些活动项目和它在巩固他人家庭关系上发挥的作用。故D项最能概括文意。
[长难句分析] It has thousands of pumpkins, including a pumpkin patch where people can pick their own pumpkin.(第一段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句是It has thousands of pumpkins, 后面的动名词短语作状语，状语中含有where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a pumpkin patch, where在从句中作地点状语。
译文：这个果园有成千上万的南瓜，包括一个南瓜地，在那里人们可以采摘他们自己的南瓜。
B
Despite the negative international headlines that have hit Huawei over the past few months, its consumer business continues to thrive. The Chinese technology giant replaced Apple as the second?largest smartphone player by global market share last year. It’s firmly the biggest vendor(销售商) in China.
Chinese consumers say they’ve been attracted to Huawei’s newest features, the price points and the fact that it’s a domestic brand.“Using Huawei’s mobile phones is supporting domestic brands. We hope our brands can go international，”Vikey, a Guangzhou?based Huawei user, told CNBC. She added that Huawei phones are “cost?effective” and have good features while iPhones are “more of a trend”. One of the key features that Huawei introduced was a triple?lens camera on its P20 Pro, which was launched last year.
For the next 12 months, the iPhone lacks one of the most appealing features of current winners in the Chinese smartphone market, the triple?lens camera. The Huawei P20 Pro led the march.
Retailers(零售商) are slashing iPhone prices across China as consumers say the phones aren’t worth the cost. Apple’s latest iPhone models are facing huge discounts in China as retailers try to sell the struggling devices. That comes as the top?of?the?line Apple smartphones have posted poor China sales on what experts say are too?high prices for the world’s largest smartphone market and a lack of innovative features compared to local competitors like Huawei. The technology giant itself acknowledged earlier this month that unexpectedly low sales in the Chinese market would likely lead to worse?than?anticipated first quarter profits.
One of the most recent iPhone cost cuts in the country came from Suning, a large Chinese retailer, which changed the price of the 128GB version of the iPhone XR from 6，999 yuan to 5，799 yuan—a 1，200 yuan discount.
Other retailers in China are also putting their iPhones on sale. Sunion, an Apple reseller, was advertising 700 yuan off for both the 128GB and 256GB versions of the iPhone XR. E?commerce site Pinduoduo, which allows third?parties to sell products, also had hefty(很大的)discounts across all of the latest iPhone models.
【解题导语】 中国通信科技巨头华为占领了手机市场。
5．What does the underlined word “thrive” probably mean in the first paragraph?
A．Reduce. B．Remain.
C．Threaten. D．Increase.
D 解析：词义猜测题。结合第一段第一句中的“Despite the negative international headlines that have hit Huawei over the past few months”，和对第一段的整体理解可推知，尽管华为在国际上遭遇暂时的挫折，但是其消费者业务持续增长，故选D。
6．Which of the following is one of the Huawei’s characters?
A．More of a trend.
B．Cost?effective.
C．Too?high prices.
D．A lack of innovative features.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She added that Huawei phones are ‘cost?effective’ and have good features while iPhones are ‘more of a trend’．”可知，华为手机有成本效益，故选B。
7．Which of the following is a medium?
A．Suning. B．Sunion.
C．CNBC. D．Pinduoduo.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“‘Using Huawei’s mobile phones is supporting domestic brands. We hope our brands can go international，’Vikey, a Guangzhou?based Huawei user, told CNBC.”可推知，CNBC是一个新闻媒体。
8．What can we infer from the text?
A．Updating of technology counts.
B．Advertising of the products matters.
C．The sale strategy is invisible.
D．The iPhone still leads the trend in China.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“That comes as the top?of?the?line Apple smartphones have posted poor China sales on what experts say are too?high prices for the world’s largest smartphone market and a lack of innovative features compared to local competitors like Huawei.”可推知，技术革新是非常重要的，不革新就会落后于其他品牌，甚至被淘汰，故选A。
[长难句分析] That comes as the top?of?the?line Apple smartphones have posted poor China sales on what experts say are too?high prices for the world’s largest smartphone market and a lack of innovative features compared to local competitors like Huawei.(第四段第三句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。as引导原因状语从句；what引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语。
译文：这样的结果是由业内顶端的苹果智能手机在中国这个正如专家所说的世界上最大的智能手机市场上售价太高，销量低迷，同时与诸如华为这样的当地竞争对手相比缺乏创新性特点而造成的。
C
In 2015, a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386，000 words in the entire French Scrabble Dictionary in just nine weeks. However, he does not speak French. Richards’ impressive feat is a useful example to show how artificial intelligence works—real AI. Both of Richard and AI take in massive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in a certain field.
The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting. Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.
But not every job will be replaced by AI. In fact, four types of jobs are not at risk at all. First, there are creative jobs. AI needs to be given a goal to optimize. It cannot invent, like scientists, novelists and artists can. Second, the complex, strategic jobs—executives, diplomats, economists—go well beyond the AI limitation of single?field and Big Data. Then there are the as?yet?unknown jobs that will be created by AI.
Are you worried that these three types of jobs won’t employ as many people as AI will replace? Not to worry, as the fourth type is much larger: jobs where emotions are needed, such as teachers, nannies and doctors. These jobs require compassion, trust and sympathy—which AI does not have. And even if AI tried to fake it, nobody would want a robot telling them they have cancer, or a robot to babysit their children.
So there will still be jobs in the age of AI. The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them. This must be the responsibility not just of the government, which can provide funds, but also of corporations and those who benefit most.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能给人类带来的益处以及人工智能的前景。
9．What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To introduce the topic.
B．To mention Nigel’s feat.
C．To stress the importance of good memory.
D．To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，本段通过介绍Richards熟记法语词典的事迹引出了文章的主题，即人工智能的益处。故正确答案为A。
10．Which of the following best explains “outperform” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Be superior to. B．Be equal to.
C．Be similar to. D．Be related to.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句中的“it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so”可知，在未来15年左右，人工智能在技术方面可能会替代数亿个白领和蓝领的工作。由此可推知，此处outperform应意为“胜过，比……做得好”。故正确答案为A。
11．Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?
A．The writer. B．The shop assistant.
C．The babysitter. D．The psychologist.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三、四段内容可知，人工智能无法取代创造性的工作、复杂而富有策略的工作以及需要投入情感的工作。由此可推知，店员这一工作职业最有可能被取代。故正确答案为B。
12．What does the text suggest people do about job replacement of AI?
A．Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.
B．Get more support from the government.
C．Apply for the donation from companies.
D．Upgrade themselves all the time.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“The key then must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.”可推知，在人工智能时代，人类所能做的就是不断提升自己来适应时代的变化。故正确答案为D。
[长难句分析] Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasks—provided the task is in one field with a lot of data—it is technically capable of replacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.(第二段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Because引导原因状语从句；provided引导条件状语从句。
译文：由于人工智能在常规性工作中优于人类——假如这一工作在一领域中有许多数据——那在未来的15年左右，它在技术上可以取代数亿个白领和蓝领的工作。
词句猜测题——代词指代题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·浙江五校联考)When I was a kid, I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible. Even my younger sister had got rid of them much earlier than me. But as I began to grow older, this changed.
All this happened on the Bike Safety Day. It is supposed to be a fun day at school when all of us kids bring our bikes to school and the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety. Sounds like fun, right? No. In fact, it caused me to panic. What was I going to say when my friends asked me about my training wheels?
With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels, I determined to let them go. This was the first big change I’d ever made on my own.
I went to my parents and told them all about my dilemma. They were more than happy to help. We went outside and got my bike. Instead of running away and hiding behind, I stood in front of my bike and took great pride in my decision as my dad removed the training wheels.
I got on and steadied myself. My heart raced but my feet and hands were calm. My dad started to push before my feet even moved and suddenly I was off. The fear faded away and a relaxed mind came into its place. It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try!
My confidence soared(高涨). This was going to be the start of a brand new world for me. My accomplishment would carry me forth to new goals and wins. I realized that if I set my mind on doing something, I could achieve it.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者小时候迟迟不敢去掉自行车的稳定轮，在学校“自行车安全日”来临之前因为害怕同学看见她的稳定轮而最终下决心去掉它们。
1．What does the school expect the students to do on Bike Safety Day?
A．Have their bikes checked.
B．Ride outside for fun.
C．Acquire bike safety skills.
D．Remove the training wheels.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the school provides us with the opportunity to ride outside and learn proper bike safety”可知，学校想让学生在“自行车安全日”学会一些自行车安全技能，故选C项。
2．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The author’s friends.
B．The author’s parents.
C．The safety problems.
D．The training wheels.
D 解析：代词指代题。根据语境及画线所在句的前半部分“With the pressure of everyone seeing my training wheels”可知，作者迫于害怕别人看见自己的自行车稳定轮的压力才决心去掉它们，故画线词指的就是“稳定轮”，故选D项。
3．What happened when the author finally rode without the training wheels?
A．She felt extremely embarrassed.
B．Everything turned out to be easy.
C．She ended up falling down.
D．Her sisters followed her example.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“It was crazy to think how quickly I learned something that took so long for me to even try！”可知，长时间不敢尝试的东西，作者竟学得很快，由此对于作者来说骑没有稳定轮的自行车后，事情变得容易了，故选B项。
4．What does the author think is necessary for her to achieve a goal?
A．Patience. B．Determination.
C．Pressure. D．Concentration.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“I realized that if I set my mind on doing something, I could achieve it.”可知，作者意识到如果自己下定决心做一件事的话，自己就会做到。由此可推知，作者认为对于她来说实现一个目标的关键在于决心，故选B项。
[长难句分析] When I was a kid, I was the girl who kept the training wheels on my bike as long as possible.(第一段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。I was the girl为句子的主干；句中When引导时间状语从句；who引导定语从句修饰the girl。
译文：当我还是个孩子的时候，我是那个把自行车的稳定轮尽可能长时间地留在我的自行车上的女孩。
B
About 1.5 billion people speak English around the world. But for more than 1.1 billion of them, English is their second language—often with a noticeable accent.
“Someone’s accent really reveals a lot about who they are and their identity. It will tell people what their native language is and probably where they come from，” says Marc Pell, a communications professor at McGill University in Montreal. And according to Pell, one reaction to it can be a bias(偏见) against that person.
Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent. But accents aren’t the only thing we listen for when we have to decide if we trust another person. Tone of voice also plays a role. Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.
The researchers had Canadian English speakers listen to different versions of people saying neutral(无明显特性的) statements like “she has access to the building” while they were getting a brain scan in an MRI(磁共振成像) machine. Subjects heard someone say it with a confident tone with a Canadian English accent, an Australian accent or a French accent. Participants also heard the sentence with the three accents spoken in a doubtful or neutral tone.
The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the non?native accents. When the study participants heard the Australian or French accents, blood flow increased to the part of the brain that we use to process sound. They seemed to have to analyze that perhaps more carefully, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker, especially when the speaker sounded doubtful. When asked, the participants reported not trusting either Australian or French accents—except when the statements were said confidently. It seems that confidence speaks for itself.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。虽然人们会因一个人的口音而对他产生一定的偏见，但是只要他说话时很自信，也同样会赢得人们的信任。
5．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A person’s accent.
B．A person’s identity.
C．A person’s hometown.
D．A person’s native language.
A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段内容可知，Marc Pell认为，人的口音能透露出一个人的身份和母语，还有可能揭示他来自哪里，人们可能会因一个人的口音而对他产生一定的偏见。由此可推知，it指的是“一个人的口音”。故正确答案为A。
6．What did Pell’s team want to know?
A．Why some people trust others less.
B．Which parts of the brain deal with sound.
C．What can cause a bias against non?natives.
D．Whether a non?native’s confident tone can gain trust.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Pell and his team wanted to know if people would trust a confident tone, even if it came from someone with an accent.”可知，Pell的团队想知道人们是否会信任带有口音的自信语调。故正确答案为D。
7．For the study participants, which of the following might demand the most brain power?
A．A Canadian speaking English in a friendly way.
B．A French person speaking English neutrally.
C．An American speaking English confidently.
D．An Australian speaking English doubtfully.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第一至第三句“The MRI scans showed that the participants had to use more brain power to decide if they could trust the statements said with the non?native accents...They seemed to have to analyze that perhaps more carefully, or for a longer period of time to make this decision about whether they truly believed the speaker, especially when the speaker sounded doubtful.”可知，当面临用迟疑的语气说出的带口音的话语时，参与者需要耗费更多的脑力去判断其是否可信。由此可推知，在面对一位用迟疑的语气说英语的澳大利亚人时，人们需要耗费更多的脑力去判断其是否可信。故正确答案为D。
8．Where does this text most probably come from?
A．A research plan. B．A health magazine.
C．An academic journal. D．A language?learning guide.
C 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究成果，即虽然人们会因一个人的口音而对他产生一定的偏见，但是只要他说话时很自信，也同样会赢得人们的信任。由此可推知，本文最有可能摘自一本学术杂志。故正确答案为C。
[长难句分析] Previous research that has been done elsewhere showed that people who have an accent tend to be trusted less, simply because they have an accent.(第三段第一句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。第一个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词research；第二个that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people; because引导原因状语从句。
译文：先前在别处做的研究表明有口音的人往往不太被信任，仅仅是因为他们有口音。
C
Along with the progress of reform and opening up, the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing(繁荣的) state in economic growth. It has recorded social changes in the past decades through the medium of the film. The film market of China has been much better than that of North America, becoming the largest in the world during the first season of 2019.
In the original stage of reform and opening up, old Chinese movies were rescreened and foreign movies dubbed(译制). Audiences’ enthusiasm for movies was lighted up by both these practices. In 1979, the attendance of Chinese moviegoers reached a record high of 29.3 billion. However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.
The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry. With the introduction of free competition and reforms, it made an abundant recovery and experienced rapid growth. In the same period, China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market, especially those from Hollywood. Despite the argument that foreign movies occupy the space of home?made ones, Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold in the local market with box offices setting several new records.
The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry. In 2015, the powerful Internet companies, one called Tencent and another Alibaba, developed their own film aim and began to adapt popular online stories for movies. With big data, more accurate marketing skills can target specific audiences to satisfy their personal preferences. Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones. Now the film industry is exploring more advanced film screening technologies to provide audiences with an improved movie experience.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。随着改革开放的发展，中国电影业也取得了显著的成就，成为经济增长形势下的一道繁荣景象。中国电影业通过电影媒介记录了中国过去几十年的社会变化，并且在不断地发展、创新。
9．Which threat did the Chinese film market face in the late 1980s?
A．Popularity of televisions.
B．Development of online cinemas.
C．A slowdown in economic growth.
D．Introduction of overseas movies.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“However, televisions and other entertainment activities sprang up in the late 1980s and drew many audiences away from movies when the film market faced a danger.”可知，中国电影业在20世纪80年代末期因电视和其他娱乐活动的突然兴起而面临威胁，故选项A正确。
10．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The space of Chinese movies.
B．The Chinese film industry.
C．The socialist market economy.
D．The introduction of reform and opening up.
B 解析：代词指代题。由上文的“when the film market faced a danger” “The employment of a socialist market economy in China in 1992 brought energy again to the film industry.”和下文中的“China began to introduce overseas movies into the home market” “Chinese movies with increasingly higher quality have gained a firm foothold”可推知，画线词指代“the Chinese film industry”。
11．What does the author indicate in the end?
A．Online cinemas will replace traditional ones sooner.
B．The film screening technology is the key to films’ success.
C．The Internet is a two?edged sword for the film industry.
D．Movies made by Tencent and Alibaba are most successful.
C 解析：推理判断题。综合分析最后一段中的“The development of the Internet has added new energy to the Chinese film industry.”和“Yet the development of online cinemas may pose threats to the survival of offline ones.”可知，互联网的发展对电影产业的发展有利有弊，故选C项。
12．What would be the best title for the text?
A．The Ever?changing Film Market
B．Popular Online Films
C．Advanced Film Technologies
D．Flourishing Chinese Film Industry
D 解析：标题归纳题。由文章的首句“Along with...the Chinese film industry has also made remarkable achievements and become in a flourishing(繁荣的) state in economic growth.”及全文的叙述即可概括文章主旨为中国电影业的繁荣发展，故选项D最适合作文章的标题。
词句猜测题——句意猜测题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·浙江六校协作体联考)One form of social prejudice against older people is the belief that they cannot understand or use modern technology. Activities like playing computer games, going on the Net and downloading MP3s are only for the youngsters. Isn’t it unfair that older people enjoying a computer game should be frowned upon by their children and grandchildren?
Nowadays older people have more control over their lives and they play a full part in society. Moreover, better health care has left more people in their sixties and seventies feeling fit and active after retirement. Mental activity, as well as physical exercise, can contribute to better health. Playing computer games is a very effective way of exercising the brain.
When personal computers were first introduced, most older people didn’t believe they would ever familiarize themselves with it. Now computers have been around for a few generations and retired people have gradually become more relaxed about using them for fun. Gamers over 65 prefer playing puzzle games and card games. Kate Stevens, aged 72, says, “I find it very relaxing. It’s not very demanding, but you still need to concentrate.”
Another development that has favored “grey gamers” is a change in the type of videogames available on the market. There’s a greater variety of games to choose from, including more intellectual and complex strategy and simulation(模拟) games. Internet Chess and Train Simulator are among the most popular of these. Train Simulator is based on real?world activities. Players can choose from a variety of challengers, such as keeping to a strict?timetable and using helper engines during a winter storm.
Some people argue that “grey gamers” simply don’t have the skills required for computer games, and that teenagers are better. This__couldn’t__be__further__from__the__truth. Most computer games require the kind of analytical thinking that improves with practice, which means that the “grey gamers” may well be far better than gamers half a century younger than them. In games where speed is the main consideration, older people would be at a disadvantage because they may have slower reaction time. On the other hand, “grey gamers” have a preference for slower paced, mind challenging games.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了当今老年人的身心状况、社会地位以及他们在电脑游戏方面的优秀表现等。
1．What is the purpose of paragraph 2?
A．To show the best way to exercise the brain.
B．To stress the importance of good health.
C．To explain why grey gamers exist.
D．To teach how to play videogames.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段可知，当今的老年人对自己的生活有更多的支配权。更好的医疗保健让他们即便六七十岁仍然身体硬朗。不仅身心方面的锻炼有助于健康，而且玩电脑游戏也有助于锻炼大脑。由此可知，对于老年人来说，玩电脑是很正常的活动。所以第二段是为了说明为什么现在有很多老龄游戏玩家的存在。故C项正确。
2．What was older people’s attitude towards personal computers at first?
A．Doubtful. B．Concerned.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Supportive.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段第一句“When personal computers were first introduced, most older people didn’t believe they would ever familiarize themselves with it.”可知，老年人起初对电脑持怀疑态度。故A项正确。
3．Which method does the author use to develop paragraph 4?
A．Offering analyses.
B．Giving examples.
C．Making comparisons.
D．Providing details.
B 解析：写作手法题。通读第四段可知，第四段首句讲另一个有利于老龄玩家的发展是在市场上可找到的电子游戏的类型的改变，然后通过举例介绍了Internet Chess和Train Simulator这样的游戏。所以作者采用了举例说明的方法。故B项正确。
4．What does the author mean by saying “This couldn’t be further from the truth.” in paragraph 5?
A．Mind challenging games are not suitable for older people.
B．Children should improve their skills with practice.
C．Playing computer games requires analytical thinking.
D．Older people can perform well in some computer games.
D 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句前面的内容可知，有些人认为老龄玩家不具备电脑游戏所需要的技巧，而年轻人就好多了；再根据其后面的内容可知，大多数电脑游戏都需要一种经过实践不断改进的分析能力，这意味着老龄玩家可能比年轻玩家要优秀得多。由此可推知，画线句的意思是对其前内容的否定，即老年人在一些电脑游戏中表现很不错。故D项正确。
[长难句分析] Playing computer games is a very effective way of exercising the brain.(第二段最后一句)
分析：Playing computer games为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
译文：玩电脑游戏是锻炼大脑的一种非常有效的方式。
B
It was the beginning of another school year. I had agreed to teach all struggling students in need of critical intervention(介入). I knew what lay ahead—tough work hours overlaid with guilt, consumed with essays that needed feedback and lesson plans with best practice strategies. No wonder people always acknowledge my teaching career with, “I’m__glad__it’s__you__and__not__me.”
Suddenly, my mind transported me to my first few years of teaching.
“Peter Potter，” I called from my name list, trying to control my laughter. “Laughlin McLaughlin？” Surely these were not real names.
“Emotionally disabled...keeps them separated from the other kids...，” the vice headmaster commanded. This was my first teaching assignment.
Surely this year could never be as discouraging as those first few. In my new classroom, I looked into the face of Jason. At eleven, his mother was killed in an accident, leaving him with physical, academic, and certainly emotional scars. I looked at another student, Robert, standing at the door; my vice headmaster asked if I would take him, even though he was an eleventh grader in my tenth grade class.
But then there were—and are—stories of success—of Dustin, in Graduate School for Electrical and Computer Engineering; of Michael, now a teacher in a city school; of Willie...I thought of the thousands of students whose lives have touched mine far more than I could have ever touched theirs.
I broke from my daydream, a smile spreading across my face. Sadness, tears, challenges, fears—yes, teaching is filled with all of these—yet, it is also filled with laughter and smiles, hope, dreams, and rewards beyond measure.
“I’m glad it’s you and not me.” Those words resounded in my mind once again.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了作者从事特殊教育的职业经历。尽管教学中充满了挑战、悲伤、泪水，但是也给作者带来了欢乐、微笑、希望、梦想以及无法估量的回报。
5．What might the author’s job be like?
A．Easy. B．Boring.
C．Interesting. D．Challenging.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I knew what lay ahead—tough work hours overlaid with guilt, consumed with essays that needed feedback and lesson plans with best practice strategies.”可知，摆在作者面前的是充满内疚感的艰难工作、需要反馈的文章和关于最佳实践策略的课程计划，由此可见作者的工作是具有挑战性的。故选D项。
6．What does the underlined sentence imply?
A．These people would like to teach.
B．These people did not like the author.
C．These people would not want this job.
D．These people wanted to learn from the author.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据画线部分所在句“No wonder people always acknowledge my teaching career with, ‘I’m glad it’s you and not me’．”(难怪人们总是以“很高兴是你而不是我从事这项工作”来评价我的教学生涯)以及前文所述的教学工作的艰巨性可知，此句话暗示说这些话的人们不愿意做这样的工作。故选C项。
7．Why did the author mention Jason and Robert?
A．To stress the importance of family education.
B．To show her regrets about taking up teaching.
C．To express her dissatisfaction with the school.
D．To introduce the basic situation of her students.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段提到的两个学生贾森和罗伯特的情况，以及第六段的内容可知，提及贾森和罗伯特的目的是介绍班级学生的基本情况，故选D项。
8．How did the author feel thinking of the successful students?
A．She was doing a worthwhile job.
B．She could never go back to the past.
C．She was the inspiration behind the success stories.
D．She would never make greater achievements in the future.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第六段中的“I thought of the thousands of students whose lives have touched mine far more than I could have ever touched theirs.”可知，作者想起了成千上万的学生，他们的生活对作者的影响远远超过作者对他们生活的影响，这说明作者认为自己的工作是值得的，故选A项。
C
It’s not easy feeling like you’re always under the spotlight being judged for each little mistake you make. Your mind is in an endless circle playing what you said and did over and over again. You wish you had a time capsule to go back and make things right if you find mistakes. You fear what others will think about you and that they will reject and dislike you. You seek to be socially perfect.
Academically, you work long endless hours just to make those excellent marks. Although most would say “it’s good to have high standards”， they have no idea about the internal hell you put yourself through to achieve perfection. If you come up less than your desired goal you feel as though you have failed, but you’re far from failing, you just don’t see it that way. So instead you are telling yourself that you’re stupid, and not smart. The pressure you place on yourself weighs you down and you wear the “not good enough” label each and every day.
You not only have high standards for yourself but you also have them for others. If people don’t perform up to your expectations, then you think they are incompetent. This causes a lot of frustration because you can’t trust anyone to get things right. So instead of being a team player you fly solo(单飞) and try to do two or three jobs at once. Your unrealistic expectations cause you to criticize and judge others and that leads to problems in other areas of your life.
The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and it’s the unachievable American dream that’s damaging our emotional and mental health. We strive for perfection with our body, in our performance, and in our relationships. In a society that overstates mistakes, is it any wonder that so many young people attempt the impossible task of being perfect?
We all have flaws, fears, and make mistakes, and that’s perfectly OK. It’s our imperfections that make life interesting and they help us grow into a stronger and more adaptable person. We don’t have to strive to achieve the impossible. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对“完美主义者”的心态和做法的描述，向我们指出，完美是不可能实现的。正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成长。
9．What might be the most suitable title of the text?
A．Far from Failing
B．Perfectly Imperfect
C．Perfectionism Phenomenon
D．Unachievable American Dream
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章通篇讨论完美主义者的心态和做法，并在最后一段得出结论“It’s our imperfections that make life interesting and they help...We don’t have to strive to achieve the impossible. We are designed to be perfectly imperfect.”，由此可知，正是我们的“不完美”使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，我们没必要去实现不可能的事情，不完美反而造就更好的我们。故选B项。
10．Which of the following is a perfectionist most likely to agree?
A．Nobody is perfect.
B．Be generous with praise.
C．There is no best, only better.
D．A contented mind is an everlasting feast.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“you wear the ‘not good enough’ label each and every day”可知，完美主义者总认为自己不够好。C项(没有最好，只有更好)符合完美主义者的心态。故选C项。
11．What can we infer from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A．More and more people are tolerating mistakes.
B．The society is partly to blame for perfectionism.
C．Many young people find it impossible to be perfect.
D．It’s unusual for a society to seek perfectionism nowadays.
B 解析：句意理解题。根据第四段中的“The attempt to be perfect is called perfectionism and...in our relationships.”可知，美国梦就是追求完美，这个无法实现的梦想正在破坏着我们的情感和心理健康。美国梦代表的是美国社会，而这个夸大错误、追求完美的社会对年轻人追求完美的行为产生了一定影响，所以这个社会应为完美主义负部分责任。故选B项。
12．What does the author think of imperfection?
A．It’s part of our life.
B．It’s unbearable.
C．It deserves to be overcome.
D．It does harm to our mental health.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，我们都有缺点，都会犯错误，正是这些不完美使得我们的生活变得有趣，帮助我们成为更强大且适应性更强的人，所以它是我们生活的一部分。故选A项。
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(共58张PPT)
英语
第一板块 阅读理解与七选五
专题一 阅读理解
第二部分 题型应对策略
第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨大意题
D
A
A
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
提炼加工明生
剖析题型特点,掌握解题方法》
真题示例悉考向
感悟高考真题,精准把脉考向》
主旨大意题的干扰项特征
以偏概全
主题过大
断章取义
无中生有
答案只闻述了局部信息或主归纳概括过于笕泛,超出了以次要的事实、细节替代全与文章内容毫不相干或与文
旨的一部分
文章要讨论的范围
文的主要观点
章内容相悖
跟踪训练提知能
训练高质考题,知能巩固提升》
第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨大意题
主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
高考主旨大意题题量统计 考纲解读
年份 浙江卷 (1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。 (2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。 (3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
2019.6 2(标题归纳题；段落大意题)
2018.11 1(标题归纳题)
2018.6 1(标题归纳题)
2017.11 1(文章大意题)
2017.6 1(文章大意题)
【考查特点】
Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：
(1)What would be the best title for the text？/What is the topic of the text?
(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ________．
(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________．
(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?
(5)What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?
(7)The passage mainly focuses on ________．
Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度：
(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
(2)主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
标题归纳题——概括凝练选标题
该类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上， 结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：精准性强(不改变原文的意义和感彩)；覆盖性强(能概括全文并体现文章的主旨)。
常见的设问方式：
◆The best title of the passage is ________．
◆Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
◆What would be the best title for the passage?
◆The most appropriate title of the passage is ________．
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅲ·B)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China?inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
7．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C．Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
第一步 读文章，概括文意
文章以国外视角报道中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。
第二步 析选项，斟酌判断
A 向世界推销梦想的年轻模特与文章内容不符 无中生有，曲解文意
B 在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展 本文提到了在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展，但这不是文章主要表达的内容 以偏概全，主次不分
C 东西方美学的差异 本文主要讲述的是中国引领国际时尚和设计发展，C项范围过大 主题过大，范围太广
D 中国美学影响国际时尚的发展趋势 此标题全面、精练地概括了文章内容 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
第三步 对比选项，确定答案
自主解答：D
理解标题的三大特点，巧用三大方法确定文章标题
一个好的标题应具备三大特点：
1．概括——准确而又简短。
2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符。
3．醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：
1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。
3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
文章大意题——明确中心定选项
主旨大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通过行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。
常见的设问方式：
◆What’s the main idea/point of the passage?
◆The passage is mainly about ________．
◆What is the text mainly about?
◆The general/main idea of the passage is about ________．
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅲ·B)Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30，000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow?covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20，000 people who dug for gold, 4，000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．The rise and fall of a city.
B．The gold rush in Canada.
C．Journeys into the wilderness.
D．Tourism in Dawson.
第一步 读文章，概括文意
本文主要介绍了加拿大道森的历史、发展与现状。
第二步 析选项，斟酌判断
A 一个城市的兴衰 本文主要以道森为例，讲述了城市的兴衰 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
B 加拿大淘金热本文只在第二段提到了淘金热 以偏概全，主次不分
C 荒野之旅 本文没提到荒野之旅 无中生有，曲解文意
D 道森的旅游业 范围太小，不能涵盖道森的过去 以偏概全，主次不分
第三步 对比选项，确定答案
自主解答：A
在寻找和归纳一篇文章的主题句时，应做到以下几点：
1．关注文章的首段和符合主题句特点的句子，留意下文是否对其有解释和支撑作用；
2．快速通读文章主体部分的每一段，结合每一段的主题句，判断各个段落是否与文章开头和结尾的主题句形成呼应关系；
3．注意文章的末尾，看此处出现的主题句和文章开头的主题句是否呼应。
如果文章的首句语言精练，且在中间被从多角度来说明或论证，又与尾段的句子相呼应，则这个句子是全文的主题句。此处，如果文章中出现了两种及以上的不同观点，则文章最后作者的观点为文章的主要观点。此时要注意表示转折含义的词语如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast, on the contrary等，因为这些词语之后的内容往往是作者的观点，也是文章的主旨大意。
此外，利用逆向法也可以很快地排除错误选项，选出正确答案。
段落大意题——分析结构细揣摩
每一个文段都要围绕一个特定的主题按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。一般有如下四种结构：
1．总分式。作者在段落开头概括主题，然后再按照一定的逻辑顺序展开段落；有时候，作者也会在开头先用一个引子导入主题，从而使主题句出现在第二句，但从整体上看，段落仍然是总分式结构。
2．分总式。除了总分式外，还有很多段落在开头通过举例子或论述层层推进，直到最后才得出段落的主题句，这种结构叫分总式。分总式也是很常见的一种段落结构。
3．分总分式。一个段落也可以采用分总分的模式，往往在开头讲述一个具体的事例，通过事例得出一个结论，也就是这个段落的主题句，然后继续例证或拓展这个观点所包含的内容。
4．无主题句式。英语中也有少量的段落并没有主题句，犹如汉语中的散文一样，讲究用一个主题将表面互不相连的一些事例或者表述连接起来。段落虽然没有主题句，但读完整个段落，你仍能发现，这些表面不相连的内容却都指向了同一个主题，这些不明显的主题通过一些关键词或者相似结构表现出来。
常见的设问方式：
◆What does the author tell us in paragraph...?
◆The main idea of the second paragraph probably is ________．
◆The first paragraph is mainly about ________．
◆Which of the following can best summarize para.1?
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·D片段)Popularity is a well?explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays?well?with?others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump?start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
33．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The classification of the popular.
B．The characteristics of adolescents.
C．The importance of interpersonal skills.
D．The causes of dishonorable behavior.
第一步 读文章，概括段意
本段介绍了受欢迎的两类人：讨人喜欢的人和追求地位的人。
第二步 析选项，斟酌判断
A 受欢迎人的分类A项是对本段内容的精练总结和概括 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
B 青少年的特征 本文没有涉及青少年的特征，纯属无中生有 无中生有，曲解文意
C 交际技能的重要性 涉及交际技能，但是以偏概全，不是本段的主题 以偏概全，主次不分
D 不光彩行为的原因 涉及不光彩行为，但没有介绍其原因，不是本段的主题 以偏概全，主次不分
第三步 对比选项，确定答案
自主解答：A
方法1：概括段落大意
要准确概括某段的大意，务必要知道该段的逻辑结构。如该段是按总分顺序组织，首句做总的说明，其他句子对其进行具体论述，这种结构的主题句就在段首；如果按分总顺序组织，主题句就在段尾；如果按分总分的顺序组织，则主题句就在这段话的中间；如果对比各事物，那么它们的共同点或不同点就是该段大意。
方法2：揣摩段落大意
有时，作者可能不直接写出主题句，而是通过各种方法暗示给读者，这就需要充分发挥读者的想象力与判断力，揣摩段落大意。
(2019·浙江卷6月·C)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素)．
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源)．
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪)．
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
【解题导语】 文章主要讲述了美国加利福尼亚州的森林中大树急剧减少的现象，并分析了其原因。
27．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The seriousness of big?tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第二段中“The number of trees...declined by 50 percent...more than 55 percent...75 percent”提到的数字可知，该段主要描述了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性，故选A项。
28．Which of the following is well?intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A．Ecological studies of forests.
B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.
D．Fire control measures.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire control...compete with big trees for resources(资源)”可知，声势浩大的森林防火措施虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量减少，故选D项。
29．What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since the 1930s，McIntyre said...have been rising temperatures...reduces the water supply”可知，McIntyre认为水资源短缺的主要原因是逐渐上升的气温，故选C项。
30．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．California’s Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D．Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
A 解析：标题判断题。根据全文可知，文章主要讲述了美国加州森林中大树数量急剧下降的现象，并分析了其原因。因此A项能很好地概括全文。
找主题句的五个小窍门
1．段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。
3．作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。
5．表示总结或结论的词语常有therefore, in short等。
A
(2019·宁波十校联考)As parents, we walk a fine line between caring for our children and teaching them how to care for themselves. When they’re little, they need our help with everything. Over time, kids usually take the lead on things like feeding and dressing themselves, but it can be difficult to know when it’s time for them to start doing some basic things, such as packing their own lunches for school or solving problems with teachers without a parent’s help.
Blogger Amy Carney recently shared a post about the things parents should stop doing for their teens. In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to master by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.
Barb Harvey, a childhood behavior expert, gave me her answer：The age at which children learn to master certain skills will be different depending upon the maturity(成熟) and interest level of the child.
I asked the same question among my friends. They gave all kinds of answers, which can explain Harvey’s opinion.
Therefore, there’s only one expert who can determine when your kids have the ability to deal with certain skills, and that’s you. If your kids aren’t ready to pack their own lunches—don’t sweat it. Help them learn the skills they’re ready to deal with and keep working towards the end goal of raising responsible and able adults. Because if there’s one thing that we can all agree on as parents, it’s that time moves quickly when you’re raising kids. One day you will wish they could just do things without you and the next day, you will feel upset that they do.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了父母和孩子成长的关系。
1．What is Amy Carney’s expectation when her children are 13?
A．To be a skillful cook.
B．To follow Harvey’s opinion.
C．To be an expert.
D．To have basic skills.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to master by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.”可知，Amy Carney期望自己的孩子们在13岁时可以掌握一些基本技能。故选D。
2．Who can decide when the children will learn to care for themselves?
A．Amy Carney. B．Barb Harvey.
C．The children. D．The parents.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Therefore, there’s only one expert who can determine when your kids have the ability to deal with certain skills, and that’s you.”可知，孩子们什么时候可以照顾自己取决于父母。故选D。
3．Why will parents feel upset when their children grow up?
A．Their kids can do nothing.
B．They feel less important.
C．Their children become able adults.
D．Their kids disagree on anything.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“One day you will wish they could just do things without you and the next day, you will feel upset that they do.”和对第一段的整体理解可推知，当孩子们长大了，真的可以自己做自己的事情时，父母会觉得失落是因为父母觉得孩子们不再需要自己了，自己对他们来讲没有那么重要了。故选B。
4．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Walking a fine line.
B．Blogger Amy Carney.
C．Parents and their children’s growth.
D．A childhood behavior expert.
C 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“As parents, we walk a fine line between caring for our children and teaching them how to care for themselves.”点题，并结合对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要讲述的是父母和孩子成长的关系。故选C。
[长难句分析] In it, Carney shared the basic skills that she expects her kids to master by the time they hit 13, such as waking themselves up in the morning, making their own breakfast and lunch, and finishing their own homework.(第二段第二句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。句中that she expects her kids to master是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the basic skills。
译文：在这篇文章里，Carney分享了一些她期望她的孩子们到他们13岁时应该掌握的一些基本技能，譬如早上自己醒来，自己做早餐和午餐，自己完成家庭作业。
B
(2019·绍兴诊断性考试)I recently spent a day clearing out my late mother’s wardrobe. It has been two years since she died so it was time to move on. There were four wardrobes and two chests of drawers—10 black bags full of clothes for charity, and seven large boxes of other pieces that I will wear myself, give to family and friends and sell to raise money for Kidney Research.
What struck me as I sorted through the rails was first, what consistent taste my mother had—lots of black, lots of layers—and second, how she never threw anything away. She didn’t buy clothes excessively, rather accumulated them over a lifetime. And every piece she bought, whether it was from St Michael(a luxury brand), H&M or Helmut Lang(fast?fashion brands), she treated as equals. A vintage kimono, a coat she made in the 80s from a Kenzo Vogue dressmaking pattern, the smart black jacket ordered from Asos(an online shop), or the 40?year?old oversized T?shirt from Miss Selfridge was all perfectly kept, carefully hung up or folded, buttons all in one piece, not a stitch out of place. She did not differentiate between high?street bargains and Sunday best. She cherished all her clothes, whatever the price tag.
So, when Dr. Mark Sumner, a lecturer in fashion and sustainability at the University of Leeds, told MPs at the environmental audit committee’s investigation into the sustainability of the fact?fashion industry that high?street clothes can be more durable than fast?fashion ones, it rang true to me. “There’s no correlation to say that price will give you an indication to say which product will wear out，” he said.
Some fast fashion is cheap and nasty and will fall apart after a few washes. The same can be true of designer clothing. It is a misconception that expensive in any way equates to sustainable, or, as Dr.Sumner says, durable(though it’s worth remembering that cheap clothes often mean labor exploitation). As my mother’s wardrobe testifies, if you have a good eye for clothes that are stylish rather than fashionable, choose carefully: look for the best?quality fabrics you can afford, and treat the clothes you buy with the utmost respect, care and love. Your clothes—whatever the price tag—will repay you with years of service.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在收拾已故母亲的衣服时，发现母亲的衣服保存得非常好，很耐穿，但这些衣服并不是时尚的衣服，后来作者想要通过Dr. Mark Sumner的话和自己的感悟告诉大家：昂贵的衣服不等于耐穿的衣服。
5．What do we know about the writer’s late mother?
A．She was only fond of designer clothes.
B．She liked collecting fashionable clothes.
C．She had preference for black.
D．She often bought clothes online.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“what consistent taste my mother had—lots of black”可知，作者的母亲喜欢黑色。故选C。
6．How will the writer treat her late mother’s clothes?
A．She will donate them all to a charity.
B．She will keep some for her own use.
C．She will sell them to fund research.
D．She will give them all to her friends.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“and seven large boxes of other pieces that I will wear myself, give to family and friends and sell to raise money for Kidney Research”可知，作者会留一些自己穿。故选B。
7．What does the author intend to prove in the last two paragraphs?
A．Expensive clothes don’t mean long?lasting clothes.
B．Expensive clothes aren’t easily worn?out clothes.
C．Expensive clothes don’t involve labor exploitation.
D．Expensive clothes mean a good eye for fashion.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后两段内容尤其是最后一段第三句“It is a misconception that expensive in any way equates to sustainable, or, as Dr. Sumner says, durable(though it’s worth remembering that cheap clothes often mean labor exploitation)．”可推知，作者想要证明的是昂贵的衣服不一定耐穿。故选A。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Can Cheap Clothes Be Stylish?
B．Can Price Tag Indicate Fashion?
C．Can Fast Fashion Be Sustainable?
D．Can Designer Clothing Sell More?
C 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者在收拾已故母亲的衣服时，发现母亲的衣服保存得非常好，很耐穿，但这些衣服并不是时尚的衣服，然后作者通过Dr.Mark Sumner的话和自己的感悟想要告诉大家：昂贵的衣服不等于耐穿的衣服。故选C。
[长难句分析] “There’s no correlation to say that price will give you an indication to say which product will wear out，” he said.(第三段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句是there be 句型，动词不定式作后置定语；that引导宾语从句；which引导宾语从句。
译文：他说：“这并不是说价格会告诉你哪种产品会容易磨损。”
主旨大意题——标题归纳题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·浙江五校联考)Recently whenever I turned on my computer or my mobile phone, news about the great effect of Hurricane Harvey on thousands of people caught my eye. I saw many unfortunate events. However, there was also the bright news that confirmed the goodness of mankind. As a journalist, I wrote many human?interest stories during my career. That’s why the story about the guys in the bakery caught my eye.
When the staff at a Mexican bakery chain in Houston were trapped inside the building for two days, they didn’t sit there feeling sorry for themselves. They used their time wisely after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey. While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.
The flood water rose in the street outside. They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread. They used more than 4，200 pounds of flour to create hundreds of loaves and sheets of sweet bread. Although the water kept rising, they continued baking to help more people. By the time the owner managed to get to them, they had made so much bread that they took the loaves to loads of emergency centers across the city for people affected by the floods.
The store manager, Brian Alvarado, told The Independent, “Whenever a disaster occurs, nobody should just feel forlorn. Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others. Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一家连锁面包店的员工们在面对哈维飓风带来的洪水、断电时，在等待救援的同时采取积极的行动，利用应急电源烤面包去帮助社区受洪水影响的居民。
1．What did the bakery store workers do after flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey?
A．They volunteered to make bread for their community.
B．They managed to live by selling more bread in the store.
C．They felt sorry that they couldn’t escape from the store.
D．They ate nothing but to wait for their community to rescue them.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“While they were waiting for the eventual rescue that came on Monday morning, four decided to make as many loaves of bread as possible for their community.”可知，当这家面包房的员工们在等待周一上午的最终救援时，四人决定为他们的社区烤尽可能多的面包。故选A项。
2．Which of the following best explains “forlorn” underlined in the last paragraph?
A．Fortunate. B．Hopeful.
C．Shallow. D．Desperate.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“Instead, we should take positive action to save ourselves and help others.”可知，相反，我们应该采取积极的行动来拯救自己和帮助他人。由Instead可知，forlorn的意思与positive相反，故forlorn与desperate(绝望的)意思相近。故选D项。
3．What can we infer from the text?
A．Alvarado organized his workers to bake much bread.
B．Hurricane Harvey caused a power failure in Houston.
C．The staff in the bakery sent enough flour to emergency centers.
D．The author preferred to write stories about people facing disasters.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They took advantage of their emergency power supply to bake bread.”可知，他们利用应急电源烤面包。由此可推知，哈维飓风造成休斯敦停电。故选B项。
4．What can be the best title for the text?
A．A Popular Mexican Bakery Chain in Houston
B．Wait for the Eventual Rescue in a Big Disaster
C．All Kinds of Disasters Caused by Hurricane Harvey in Houston
D．Bake Bread to Make a Difference in the Face of Hurricane Harvey
D 解析：标题归纳题。根据第二三段的内容和最后一段中的“Our acts of kindness will make a big difference.”可知，D项(在面对哈维飓风时，烤面包起了很大作用)作为标题最能概括全文内容。故选D项。
B
Every year between May and September, all 54 employees of Basecamp, a Chicago?based web application company, have a short work week: just four days—a total of 32 hours. Also, they usually work five days a week for the rest of the year.
“That’s plenty of time to get great work done. This is all we expect and all we want from people，” says Jason Fried, a co?founder. “Working 50?， 60?， or 70?plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50?， 60?， or 70?plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”
The company’s summer workload must fit reduced hours, Mr.Fried insists, otherwise the benefits of a shorter week—to recover from work, enjoy time with family and pursue(追求) outside interests—would be undone.
His new research finds that it is not just long hours that are harmful to employees’ physical and mental health. It is also the intensity(强度) of work. Moreover, it suggests that intense work harms career prospects. That is because unbearable hours and intensity are in the opposite direction, reducing the quality of the work.
The research concludes that the level of intensity we apply to the work we do is generally “a stronger predictor of unfavorable outcomes than overtime work”．
The research compared people of similar jobs and education levels, and found they were more likely to suffer poorer happiness and worse career prospects, including satisfaction, security and promotion, when they worked at an intense level for long periods.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工将近半年时间每周只工作4天，共32小时的情况为例说明了较短的工作周有益于人们的身心健康，并以一项研究来证明。
5．What do we know about Basecamp’s four?day work week?
A．It lasts nearly half a year.
B．The work pressure is too high.
C．There are some management problems.
D．Employees work more than 8 hours a day.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp的54名员工在每年5月到9月期间每周的工作时间都很短：只有四天，共32小时，持续5个月，大概半年时间。故选A项。
6．What does Mr.Fried intend to say in paragraph 2?
A．Given plenty of time, people can do more.
B．To get work done well needs plenty of time.
C．People can do a job very well in a short work week.
D．A long work week is appropriate for reduced workload.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Working 50?， 60?， or 70?plus hours is unnecessary. In fact, if you have to work 50?， 60?， or 70?plus hours a week, there’s a management problem.”可知，弗里德先生认为一周工作五六十个小时，甚至七十几个小时是没有必要的。如果真这么做了，反而会出现管理上的问题，由此推知，弗里德先生认为人们可以在短时间内把工作做好，故选C项。
7．What does the research mentioned in the text want to tell us?
A．Getting much more rest.
B．Improving work quality.
C．Refusing a five?day work week.
D．Avoiding working too intensely.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的the research可定位到第四至六段。通读这几段，尤其是第四段可知，这个新研究发现长时间工作不只对员工的身心健康有害，工作的强度也会影响员工的职业前景。这是因为难以忍受的工作时长和工作强度会降低工作质量。第五六段进一步说明了长时间高强度工作的坏处。由此可以推知，该研究是建议人们要避免高强度工作，故选D项。
8．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．More Work, More Profits
B．Less Work, Less Benefits
C．Shorter Week, Better Reward
D．Longer Hours, Higher Intensity
C 解析：标题归纳题。本文以一家总部位于芝加哥的网络应用公司Basecamp为例，说明了较短的工作周的好处。除此之外，还介绍了一项有关工作时长和工作强度对人的影响的研究，由此更进一步印证了较短工作周对人身心方面的益处。因此C项最能概括全文内容。
C
It’s common knowledge that some countries have higher life expectancies than others, but the city you live in can also affect your health.
Some cities are hard on their residents. In places with poor city planning, for example Lagos, which was called out recently by the Economist Intelligence Unit, public spaces are few, making outdoor activities hard. Lack of infrastructure(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long hours for little money.
These are just some of the factors added up by Spotahome, a rental agency. They’ve analyzed data from a range of sources, including the World Health Organization, TripAdvisor and the CIA World Factbook to score each city on health, gym availability and quality, life expectancies, obesity, green space and other elements to make a list to work out which are the world’s healthiest cities.
The list is certainly Eurocentric and sunshine is seen as a positive factor. It does go some way toward suggesting which cities are getting it right in providing a good life for their residents. It may not be surprising to learn that most of the healthiest cities are in northern Europe, known for its people?first approach to city planning. The cities of Australia and Canada also do well. However, the first American city is only in 34th place. The U．K. doesn’t fare too well either—its only city in the top 50 list is London, in 40th.
Whether you’re planning a wholesome holiday, or simply wondering what your city can do better in its quest for happy citizens, the list of the 50 healthiest cities will give you pause for thought about the future of city planning. Here are the slender, healthy?eating, clean?aired cities that are getting it right.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究者们通过调查发现城市建设会影响居民的健康。通过分析健康、绿化、预期寿命等因素，研究者们还列出了一个世界上最健康的城市的清单。
9．What plays the key role in building a healthy city according to the text?
A．Local culture.
B．City planning.
C．Economic condition.
D．Geographical position.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，大家都知道一些国家比其他国家拥有更高的预期寿命，但是人们居住的地市也会影响人们的健康，即城市规划在创建一个健康城市方面扮演着一个很重要的角色，故选B项。
10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．How the list of the healthiest cities came into being.
B．What Spotahome discovered in the recent study.
C．The reasons why Spotahome carried out the study.
D．The places where the data of the study came from.
A 解析：段落大意题。第三段主要介绍了研究者们通过从各种来源中分析数据，然后根据健康、体育设备的利用率和质量、预期寿命、肥胖指数、绿化方面和其他的一些因素对每个城市进行打分来制订清单并列出世界上最健康的城市。由此可知，本段主要介绍了这份最健康城市的清单是怎样形成的，故选A项。
11．What can we learn from the text?
A．Cities in America lack enough sunshine.
B．The U．K. ranked higher than America in the list.
C．Australia and Canada have the best city planning.
D．Some people in Lagos may live a poor life.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Lack of infrastructure(基础设施) blocks the streets with cars and the air with pollutants, and residents work long hours for little money.”可知，在拉各斯，一些居民可能过着贫穷的生活，故选D项。
12．What may be the best title for the text?
A．The Best Places to Have a Rich Life
B．The Happiest Lifestyle in the World
C．The City Factors Affecting Your Health
D．The Nice Countries to Keep Healthy
C 解析：标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市建设对居民健康的影响，故选C项。
主旨大意题——文章大意题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·浙江部分重点中学联考)Five?year?old Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.
Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla’s mom were concerned, but their ideas didn’t work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said. “However, it wasn’t sinking in.”
Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.
The class loved their teacher’s new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms. Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.
In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district’s Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.
Prisilla’s mother, Maria, said that Grimm’s thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn’t believe it—she did something I wouldn’t have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。
1．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?
A．She wasn’t satisfied with her teacher.
B．She couldn’t concentrate in class.
C．She was laughed at by her classmates.
D．She couldn’t get on well with others.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。
2．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?
A．Praise from her students.
B．Devotion to her students.
C．Request of Prisilla’s mother.
D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。
3．What can we know about Grimm?
A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.
B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.
C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.
D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“‘I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，’ she said.”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．How Grimm helped her student out.
B．What problem Prisilla had at school.
C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.
D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项正确。
[长难句分析] I couldn’t believe it—she did something I wouldn’t have the bravery to do.(最后一段第四句)
分析：句中“I wouldn’t have the bravery to do”是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
译文：她做了连我都没有勇气去做的事儿，我难以相信。
B
Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.
“I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin，” said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.
He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese?speaking friends. While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. “Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power，” he said.
Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide will give American students an edge in the global economy.
“People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast，” said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. “We’re seeing it in all parts of the country.”
Abbott predicts that as many as 100，000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an “important needs” language and provides professional development programs for teachers. “Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness，” Abbott added.
At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了普通话在美国学生中日益流行。
5．Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin?
A．Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin.
B．Mandarin could be helpful to his future career.
C．Mandarin might help him learn more about China.
D．Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas希望中国普通话能够对他今后职业发展的道路有所帮助。故选B。
6．The underlined word “edge” in paragraph 4 probably means “________”．
A．a slight advantage B．the outside limit
C．a sharp tone of voice D．an exciting quality
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，许多专家同意熟练掌握一种被全球10亿人说的语言将会给美国学生在全球经济方面带来优势。故选A。
7．Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with?
A．Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US.
B．Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future.
C．The US government’s policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US.
D．Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“She said the US government has designated(指定) Mandarin as an ‘important needs’ language and provides professional development programs for teachers.”可知美国政府对于中国普通话的重视，将中国普通话归类为“重要需求”并为教师提供职业培训项目，促使更多的学生学习中国普通话。故选C。
8．What does the author mainly talk about in this passage?
A．The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students.
B．The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students.
C．The influence of China’s growing power on American education.
D．The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US.
A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者主要介绍了美国学生学习中国普通话的热情升温的现象，并分析出现该现象的背景和原因。故选A。
[长难句分析] While it’s a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.(第三段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the high school junior；句中“it will be important for his career”是省略了that的宾语从句，作及物动词think 的宾语。
译文：尽管对于这个计划学习计算机工程的高中三年级学生来讲，这是门很难掌握的语言，但是他认为这对他的职业来讲将会是重要的。
C
Are you a procrastinator(拖延者)? It’s a common problem. And it can be harmful, as previous research has shown that people who procrastinate have higher levels of stress and lower well?being, reported the Association for Psychological Science in the US. But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.
Psychologists think that each person believes that they are really two people：“Present Me” and “Future Me”. “People act as if they prefer their current selves’ needs and desires to those of their future selves，” wrote psychologists Neil Lewis and Daphna Oyserman.
Oyserman and Lewis decided to try to find a way to make “Present Me” imagine exactly how “Future Me” would feel the night before a big paper was due, though “Present Me” hadn’t started yet. They made “Present Me” think about a far?off event a number of days away, not months or years.
Thinking about events in this__way meant that something like a friend’s wedding seemed 16.3 days sooner when considered in days rather than months and 11.4 months sooner when considered in months rather than years.
The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years. For example, participants imagined they had a newborn child, and that the child would need to go to college in either 18 years or 6，570 days. The researchers found those in the “days” condition planned to start saving four times sooner than those in the “years” condition.
So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.
【解题导语】 本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法。
9．What did Oyserman and Lewis intend to do through their study?
A．To work on a solution to test if someone is a procrastinator.
B．To find out whether human beings usually have two different characters.
C．To discover procrastinators are more likely to have a lower sense of well?being.
D．To prove it’s helpful to connect our current selves more with future selves.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据对第三段的整体理解可知，Oyserman和Lewis想要通过他们的研究去验证把“现在的我”和“将来的我”联系起来是否会对应对拖延症有一定的帮助，故选D。
10．The underlined part “this way” in paragraph 4 refers to “________”．
A．setting up tough deadlines
B．following schedules strictly
C．counting in smaller units of time
D．imagining how your future self will feel
C 解析：推理判断题。承接第三段最后一句“They made ‘Present Me’ think about a far?off event a number of days away, not months or years.”可推知，画线部分是指用更小的时间单位去计量，故选C。
11．What helps prevent people from procrastinating?
A．Comparing their future selves with present selves.
B．Considering their current selves’ needs and desires.
C．Thinking about far?off events in days rather than years.
D．Marking important events on a calendar as a reminder.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段的内容以及最后一段“So if you think of your life in days instead of years, you may get things done quicker.”可推知，用天而不是用年去考虑将来所发生的事情会帮助拖延者不再拖延，故选C。
12．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．A way to get things done in time.
B．The harmful effects of procrastination.
C．The reason to overlook future needs and desires.
D．The way to reduce stress and improve happiness.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But a new study has found a way to deal with this problem: Be more connected to your future self.”，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要探究了一种应对拖延症的方法，故选A。
[长难句分析] The researchers also tried to find out whether people would take action sooner if they were told a certain event was happening in several days rather than years.(第五段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。whether引导宾语从句，作find out的宾语；if引导条件状语从句；“a certain event was happening in several days rather than years”是省略了that的宾语从句，作told的宾语。
译文：研究人员也试图弄清楚如果人们被告知某事将在几天后而不是几年后发生，他们是否会更快采取行动。
主旨大意题——段落大意题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·嘉兴高中学科基础测试)I read a newspaper article about a new concept. The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents(住户) eat lunch together and share activities such as music, painting and gardening. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading stories to the children and, if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on and a hug.
Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. It’s a major problem in many societies.
That’s why inter?generational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world. There are examples of successful actions all over the world. Using young people to teach IT skills to older people is one obvious example. Using old people as volunteer assistants in schools is another. One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight. The young people help with practical things such as writing letters, reading bank statements and helping with shopping, and the older people can pass on their knowledge and experience to their young visitors. For example, a retired judge may be paired with a teenager who wants to study law.
But it isn’t only the individuals concerned who gain from inter?generational activities. The advantages to society are huge too. If older people can understand and accept the youth of today, there will be less conflict in a community. And we can use the strengths of one generation to help another. Then perhaps getting old won’t be so sad after all.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。
1．Why does the author mention the newspaper article he read?
A．To argue for a new concept.
B．To show his interest in the topic.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.
D．To draw our attention to a social problem.
C 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段第二句“The idea is simple, but revolutionary(革命性的): combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building.”可知，作者在报纸上读到的那篇文章主张将养老院和幼儿园结合起来，将它们建在一起；再根据后面作者所讲述的内容可判断出，作者之所以提到那篇文章是为了引出要讲的话题。故正确答案为C。
2．What is the purpose of the inter?generational programs?
A．To provide a good job opportunity for the young.
B．To bring the old and the young together.
C．To teach the young to respect the old.
D．To ask the old to care for the young.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“But the result is the same: increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children. It’s a major problem in many societies.”和第三段第一句“That’s why inter?generational(代际的) programs are growing in popularity all over the world.”可知，目前没有祖父母照顾的孩子的数量以及没有机会和孩子联系的老人的数量都在增加，这是一个很大的问题，而代际计划就是为了解决这一问题的。由此可判断出代际计划的目的是使老人和孩子生活在一起。故正确答案为B。
3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The reasons why inter?generational programs enjoy popularity in the world.
B．The inter?generational programs’ benefits to individuals.
C．The inter?generational programs all over the world.
D．The examples of inter?generational activities.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段内容可判断出，本段主要介绍的是一些代际活动的例子。故正确答案为D。
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Building Bridges for the Old and the Young
B．A New Concept in Caring for the Old Is Born
C．Offering a Warm Home for the Young
D．Being Old Is No More Sad
A 解析：标题归纳题。通过全文可知，本文主要讲述的是：如今老年人和青少年之间的联系越来越少，这是一个很严重的问题，因此以为老年人和青少年创造联系的桥梁代际计划越来越受欢迎。A项体现了本文的核心，适合用作本文的标题。故正确答案为A。
[长难句分析] One successful scheme in London pairs young volunteers with old people who are losing their sight.(第三段第五句)
分析：本句是一个复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词old people。
译文：伦敦的一项成功的方案是将年轻的志愿者与视力渐失的老年人配对组合。
B
World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India, and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution. It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，并呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
5．Why is World Environment Day set up?
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.
B 解析：细节理解题。从第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可以看出，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并多学会些方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全。故选B。
6．What do people do on World Environment Day?
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
C 解析：细节理解题。从第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。
7．Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in paragraph 3?
A．High?cost. B．Poor?quality.
C．Second?hand. D．Single?use.
D 解析：词义猜测题。从第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which makes up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。
8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它？所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doing is better than saying“行胜于言”；Many hands make light work“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。
[长难句分析] Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness.(第二段第二句)
分析：本文是一个主从复合句。where引导一个定语从句，修饰a host city，在这个定语从句中又有一个who引导的定语从句，followed by是过去分词短语作伴随状语。
译文：每年联合国都会选择一个主题和主办城市，在那里任何关心环境的人都可以与别人谈论环境话题，之后还有不同种类的展品展出以提高(人们的)环境意识。
C
At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowance on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco?bank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.
Set up in 2012, the bank is the world’s first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.
The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, which, thanks to Jose’s efforts, pay a higher?than?market rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and make it continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，” Jose recalls. “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”
The boy’s efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco?bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach over 3，000 students, aged 10 to 18, to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.
Not surprisingly, Jose’s efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Children’s Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $ 5，500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。当其他的孩子把零花钱花在糖果和玩具上时，七岁的Jose却想着如何储蓄。在校长的支持下，他成立了学生生态银行，让学生带废品开户，之后将废品销售给收购商。该银行受到了孩子们的欢迎。
9．Why did Jose set up the bank?
A．To raise money and set up a recycling company.
B．To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids.
C．To save much money and protect the environment.
D．To educate the students and help them win prizes.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco?bank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.”可知，为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行的点子，这个银行能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。据此可知，Jose创立生态银行旨在储蓄的同时保护环境，故C项正确。
10．How can a kid be admitted to the eco?bank?
A．By donating to the eco?bank.
B．By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month.
C．By sending in an application.
D．By presenting a savings goal and a certain amount of waste.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal.”可知，若要成为生态银行的一员，一个孩子必须至少上交5千克的固体垃圾，并设定一个储蓄目标，故D项正确。
11．How did the teachers feel about Jose’s program?
A．Doubtful. B．Excited.
C．Moved. D．Worried.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“‘At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project，’Jose recalls.”可知，开始时老师们认为Jose疯了，认为一个孩子不能承担这种类型的项目。据此可推知，老师们对Jose的项目持怀疑态度，故A项正确。
12．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．How the environment is improved.
B．What the project has achieved.
C．How tons of waste has been recycled.
D．What support the local institutions get.
B 解析：段落大意题。根据第四段第一句“The boy’s efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste.”可知，Jose的努力得到了回报，到2013年，该银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾；并结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要介绍了生态银行的成就，故B项正确。
[长难句分析] To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco?bank, the Bartselana Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.(第一段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment”为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the Bartselana Student Bank，在从句中作主语；句中动词不定式短语“To try to get his peers(同龄人) to do the same”作目的状语。
译文：为了让他的同龄人也这么做，这个来自秘鲁的男孩想出了一个生态银行——Bartselana学生银行的点子，这个银行能让各个年龄段的孩子变得经济独立，同时也有助于环境保护。
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第一板块 阅读理解与七选五
专题一 阅读理解
第二部分 题型应对策略
第二讲 做出推理和判断——推理判断题
A
A
B
D
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
据文推理选答
剖析题型特点,掌握解题方法》
真题示例悉考向
感悟高考真题,精准把脉考向》
谨防推理判断4大错误
推理判断题难度大,亡要在于它的干扰项极具迷惑性,极易转移考生视线,使灺们掉入陷阱。考生常岀现的典型错误有
张冠李戴c(命题人把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来,粗心的考生往往会不知不觉地中了圈套
以偏概全=C考生做题往忽略了文章的主休,批注意力过度集中在某一点,最终得出“以偏概全”的结论
每篇文章都们一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是娱乐读者,或足阐述某个观点。这些信
浮于表面总通常以叙述的形式展现出来,作者并不发表自山的观点,因此主题往往比较含蓄。但是许多考生会分不
清现象与本质,扣现象等同于作者的意图
推己及人c
很多时候作者的态度倾向一般不会明确表明,往往隐含其中。考生易脱离原文而进行主观臆断,用自的观
点代替了作者的观点
跟踪训练提知能
训练高质考题,知能巩固提升》
第二讲 做出推理和判断——推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考英语阅读理解的命题集中点，包括推理和判断两个方面，属于深层理解题。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种：推断隐含意义、推断目的意图、推断文章出处或读者对象、推断观点态度。
高考推理判断题题量统计 考纲解读
年份 浙江卷 (1)推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。 (2)主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。 (3)推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意思的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。
【考查特点】
Ⅰ.把握推理判断题常见的命题方式：
(1)We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________．
(2)The passage/author implies/suggests that ________．
(3)It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
(4)The main purpose of the passage is ________．
(5)Where does this passage probably come from?
(6)What’s the author’s attitude towards...?
(7)The writer developed the passage/his main idea by ________．
(8)The first/last paragraph serves as a(n) ________．
Ⅱ.掌握推理判断题的考查角度：
(1)高频考点：推断隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。
(2)低频考点：推断下段内容、文章出处、目标读者。
推断隐含意义题——逻辑分析得结论
推断隐含意义题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出合情合理的推理和判断，即考生不仅需要读懂原文， 而且还要理解作者的弦外之音。其涉及的内容可能是文中某一句或某几句话，但做题的指导思想都要以文中提供的信息为依据。
常见的设问方式：
◆It can be inferred from the text that ________．
◆It can be concluded from the passage that ________．
◆The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that ________．
◆What can we infer about...?
◆Which of the following statements does the passage support?
◆What does the...paragraph imply?
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·B片段)Whaley got the idea of this second?grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
26．We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to ________．
A．help students see their own strengths
B．assess students’ public speaking skills
C．prepare students for their future jobs
D．inspire students’ love for politics
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息
infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project
第二步 定位到原文信息句，并找出体现观点态度的关键句
Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.
第三步 进行合理推断得出答案
Whaley创办这个项目的目的不仅仅是让学生学会阅读和在公共场合演讲，更重要的是让他们发现自己的长处，从而树立自信。
自主解答：A
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息。
第二步 在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围，立足原文，再结合语境和生活常识进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
写作意图题——文体特点看意图
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。
常见的设问方式：
◆What is the main purpose of the text?
◆What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
◆What is the purpose/intention of the author in writing this passage?
◆For what purpose did the author write the passage?
◆The writer writes this passage in order to ________．
[典例] (2018·浙江卷6月·A)In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was born, there were 66 novels published in Britain. People had been writing novels for a century—most experts date the first novel to Robinson Crusoe in 1719—but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam?powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy(识字) rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like “By a lady.” Novels, for the most part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim—were held up as moral touchstones. Today Dickens’ greatness is unchallenged. Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂) of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
How did Dickens get to the top？For all the feelings readers attach to stories, literature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass. Some 60，000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901; today a casual reader might be able to name a half?dozen of them. It’s partly true that Dickens’ style of writing attracted audiences from all walks of life. It’s partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress. But it’s also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center. No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
23．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To remember a great writer.
B．To introduce an English novel.
C．To encourage studies on culture.
D．To promote values of the Victorian age.
第一步 确定题干中关键信息
purpose
第二步 速读文章，试找出相关的关键句
But as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible—and important for our own culture—to understand how he made himself a lasting one.
第三步 与选项进行对比得出答案
根据文中对查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的介绍，和文章最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯·狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念查尔斯·狄更斯这位伟大的作家。
自主解答：A
写作意图通常有以下三种：
1．to entertain readers/to tell an experience常见于记叙文、个人经历或故事类的文章。
2．to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors常见于广告。
3．to inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe常见于科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类的文章，以及劝告类或建议类的文章。
观点态度题——依据措辞定态度
高考英语阅读理解对观点态度类的设题越来越灵活，题目难度也有所增加，考查作者对文中人、事、物或内容的观点或态度的题量较多。这对考生对文章的主旨大意和细节的理解提出了更高的要求，考生要利用多种阅读理解的技巧来仔细确定提干的关键信息，借此定位文中的原句并准确推断出答案。
常见的设问方式：
◆How does the author feel about...?
◆What does the author think of...?
◆What is the author’s opinion on/about...?
◆What is the author’s attitude towards/to...?
◆How does the author sound in...paragraph?
◆How does the author sound when telling the story?
◆The author thinks...is ________．
◆The author’s attitude towards...can be described as ________.
[典例] (2018·北京卷·D片段)
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self?driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self?driving cars...
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car?controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
50．What is the author’s attitude to the future of self－driving cars?
A．Doubtful. ．Positive.
C．Disapproving. ．Sympathetic.
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息
the author’s attitude to the future of self?driving cars
第二步 定位到原文信息句，并找出进行推断的关键句
首段中的Well, the future is apparently now.和尾段中的The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
第三步 进行合理推断得出答案
无人驾驶汽车的时代马上到来，准备好迎接它吧。由此推断作者对无人驾驶汽车的发展持积极乐观的态度。
自主解答：B
1．注意作者或文中人物的措辞：文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。
(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。
2．牢记常见有关作者情感态度的词语：
(1)表示支持或肯定：positive积极乐观的；supportive支持的；optimistic乐观的；humorous幽默的；enthusiastic热情的；pleasant愉快的。
(2)表示中立：indifferent不感兴趣的，漠不关心的；uninterested不感兴趣的；objective客观的；neutral中立的；not mentioned未提及的。
(3)表示反对或否定：disgusted憎恶的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；disappointed失望的；disapproving不赞成的。
文章出处或读者对象题——语言特色推出处或读者对象
文章来源题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处和类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。
常见的设问方式：
◆From which is the text probably taken?
◆In which of the following would this passage most likely be found?
◆The passage is probably taken out of ________．
◆Where would the passage most probably appear?
◆The passage is probably intended for ________．
◆The text is written mainly for ________．
◆Who are the intended readers of the passage?
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C片段)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e?spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low?cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. ．A guidebook.
C．A novel. ．A magazine.
第一步 确定题干中的关键信息
likely from
第二步 定位到原文，寻找相关信息
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low?cost device(装置) that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.
第三步 进行合理推断得出答案
根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及关键词researchers，low?cost device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道。科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。
自主解答：D
从文章的内容或结构判断其出处：
1．报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
2．广告：格式特殊，容易辨认。
3．产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等。
4．网页：常含有网页的典型用语，如click等。
(2019·浙江卷6月·B)Money__with__no__strings__attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio?economic(社会经济的) backgrounds gave and took，” said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. “We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段) shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles，” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.” Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all, everyone has bad days and good days，” he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
【解题导语】 文章介绍了Tyler Bridges发起的一个项目，让有能力的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨是让人们能够互相帮助。
24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can, Take What You Need”可知，附在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。
25．What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A．Women tended to be more sociable.
B．The activity attracted various people.
C．Economic problems were getting worse.
D．Young couples needed financial assistance.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是“People of all ages, races...even had a bride”可推知，作者提到新娘参与该活动来说明参与人员的多样性，故选B项。
26．Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A．To do a test on people’s morals.
B．To raise money for his company.
C．To earn himself a good reputation.
D．To promote kindness and sympathy.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy”并结合全文内容可知，Bridges开展这个活动的目的在于传递“慷慨和同情之心”，故选D项。
一“抓”一“整”找“依据”，巧做推理判断题
1．抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即用某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理。
2．整合全文(段)信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文(段)意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳答案。
3．以事实为依据：推断一定要以文章所提供的事实为依据，不能凭空想象，这样才能做出合理的推断。
A
(2019·杭州诊断)A tiny Alaska village has experienced a boom in tourism in recent years as polar bears spend more time on land than on Arctic sea ice.
More than 2，000 people visited the northern Alaska village of Kaktovik in 2018 to see polar bears in the wild. The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.
Polar bears have always been a common sight on sea ice near Kaktovik, but villagers started noticing a change in the mid?1990s. More bears seemed to stay on land, and researchers began taking note of more female bears making homes in the snow on land instead of on the ice to raise their babies. U．S. Fish and Wildlife Service biologists began hearing reports of the increasing number of polar bears in the area in the early 2000s. As more attention was given to the plight(困境) of polar bears about a decade ago, more tourists started heading to Kaktovik.
“The village had fewer than 50 visitors annually before 2011，” said Jennifer Reed, of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. “Today we’re talking about hundreds and hundreds of visitors, many from around the world each year，” Reed said. Most tourists visit in the fall, when bears are forced toward land because sea ice is farthest away from the shore. Bruce Inglangasak, a local hunter who sometimes offers wildlife?viewing tours, said he’s been offering polar bear tours since 2004. Most of his clients(客户) are from China and Europe, as well as from the lower 48 U．S. states. Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels. The villagers have benefited a lot from that. In turn, they provide more effective protection for polar bears with financial support from tourism development.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。气候变暖导致海冰融化，北极熊登陆，为阿拉斯加的一个小村庄带来了巨大的人气，促进了当地旅游业发展，当地人又用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供积极的保护。
1．What causes more polar bears to stay on land in Kaktovik?
A．Food shortage.
B．Climate change.
C．Habitats’ movement to shore.
D．Their preference for land.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The far north community lies in an area where increasingly higher temperature has sped up the movement of sea ice, the primary habitat(栖息地) of polar bears. As ice has gradually moved to deep water beyond the continental shelf, more bears are remaining on land to look for food.”可知，全球变暖加速了海冰融化，破坏了北极熊原本的栖息地，越来越多的北极熊待在陆地上以寻找食物。故选B。
2．How did common people feel about more sight of bears on land?
A．Excited. B．Puzzled.
C．Concerned. D．Shocked.
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的内容可知，随着越来越多的北极熊出现在陆地上，研究人员、生物学家等也越来越多地关注北极熊所处的这一困境，随后，更多游客前往Kaktovik。由此可推知，大众对更多北极熊登陆现象表示关注。故选C。
3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Hotels in Kaktovik are in demand in autumn.
B．Kaktovik has about 50 visitors annually.
C．Inglangasak makes a living as a tour guide.
D．Tourism affects the balance of nature.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Most tourists visit in the fall”及“Many tourists stay several days in the village, which has two small hotels.”可知，大多数游客会选择在秋季去Kaktovik游览，而且很多游客会在这个小村庄待上几天，而这个小村庄只有两个小旅馆，故可推知在秋季，Kaktovik的旅馆很抢手。故选A。
4．Which saying can describe the text?
A．The fittest can survive.
B．After a storm comes a calm.
C．There is always opportunity in crisis.
D．Every coin has two sides.
D 解析：推理判断题。通读文章可知，因为全球气候变暖，北极熊被迫登陆来寻找食物以生存下去，这本来是北极熊的困境，然而北极熊登陆却促进了一个小村庄旅游业的发展，这对小村庄来说是一个机遇，同时，村民又利用旅游业的收入为北极熊提供更多保护。因此D项“事物都有两面性”符合语境。故选D。
B
(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校高三联考)The BBC has made its second annual report known since its new charter was established and the broadcaster paints a rather bleak(暗淡的) picture for itself. It highlights the fact that the media landscape(局面)has changed quite rapidly in recent years and will most certainly continue to do so, and it says that the industry is “more and more dominated by a small number of US?based media giants with extraordinary creative and financial firepower”. The BBC added，“Their business models and huge budgets mean we are increasingly being squeezed out of an ever more competitive environment. British creativity and British content are now under real threat.”
However, the broadcaster is determined to do all it can to survive in the ever more digital TV world increasingly controlled by companies like Netflix and Amazon. In that regard, it laid out a few goals for the year that are aimed at keeping the BBC competitive. One focus will be its iPlayer platform. It notes that younger audiences are more frequently choosing Netflix over the BBC and it’s, therefore, making some changes to iPlayer that will hopefully make it a destination itself rather than just a way to catch up on shows viewers have missed. The BBC has already started to introduce personalization into its iPlayer content and going forward. It will work to strengthen the user experience, boost(促进) personalization and add more live content.
But most importantly, the issue comes down to money.“The cost of sports broadcasting rights has skyrocketed while, overall, the cost of ideas and talent has risen fast.”The broadcaster concludes that it has shrunk while the market has continued to grow.“In this context, the BBC’s urgent challenge is to develop new ways to grow our income so that we can keep pace with the market around us, as well as successfully safeguard British content and Britain’s creative track record，” it said.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了英国广播公司正面临激烈的竞争，它不仅要采取措施使自己更加有竞争力，还要保持自己的特色。
5．What situation is the BBC in?
A．It faces severe competition.
B．Its business budgets are huge.
C．It provides bleak pictures.
D．Its creativity has been lost.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“the industry is ‘more and more dominated by a small number of US?based media giants with extraordinary creative and financial firepower’”可知，BBC面临巨大的竞争压力。 故选A。
6．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “dominated” in paragraph 1?
A．Considered. B．Chosen.
C．Controlled. D．Improved.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据句意，这个行业“越来越多地被有着非凡的创造力和经济实力的以美国为基础的传媒大鳄所控制”。controlled “控制” 符合句意，故选C。
7．What’s the key measure the BBC has taken to survive?
A．Catching up on programmes.
B．Improving its iPlayer platform.
C．Sharing its iPlayer content.
D．Reducing live shows.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“One focus will be its iPlayer platform.”和“ The BBC has already started to introduce personalization into its iPlayer content and going forward. It will work to...”可知BBC为了生存有竞争力，一个目标就是改善iPlayer平台，且有具体的改善措施。故选B。
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph about the BBC?
A．It tries to develop while keeping its own style.
B．It intends to raise the cost of broadcasting rights.
C．Its challenge is to safeguard the market around.
D．Its ideas of cost and talent have changed rapidly.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In this context, the BBC’s urgent challenge is to develop new ways to grow our income so that we can keep pace with the market around us，as well as successfully safeguard British content and Britain’s creative track record”可知，BBC在保持自己风格的同时也在努力发展自己。故选A。
[长难句分析] In that regard, it laid out a few goals for the year that are aimed at keeping the BBC competitive.(第二段第二句)
分析：本句是主从复合句。第二个that引导定语从句，修饰a few goals。
译文：在这方面，它为今年制定了一些目标，旨在保持英国广播公司的竞争力。
推理判断题——推断隐含意义题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·绍兴诊断性考试)I’ve been a volunteer in the Macmillan @ Glasgow Libraries programme for just over a year. I got involved because I was looking for something to volunteer for after I retired from work. I thought being a Macmillan Cancer Information and Support Volunteer might be a good way to do that by using some of the skills I learned at work.
At one time, I felt I made a real difference when a lady came in to use the service. She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner. She had lots of things on her mind. We, together with a counselor, had a chat about her to help deal with all the emotions(情感) she felt. We knew we could arrange something, so we discussed with her what could be done for her family. She was relieved that we could get something arranged for her and liked the fact that we managed to get the ball rolling during her visit.
The good thing about having the services in the library is that the environment is non?clinical and therefore more relaxing than the hospital or doctor’s surgery. The team in the library are not medically trained. That means we do not use big words or medical terms very often.
It’s great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution(解决) for people who come in. It’s good to have the team at the other end of the phone whenever we get something unusual. It is a pleasure to be able to help as a volunteer.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在本文中记叙了自己作为一名志愿者的经历。作者退休后，利用自己的技能去帮助那些需要帮助的人，并从中得到了快乐。
1．What can we infer about the author?
A．He is a retired doctor.
B．He is volunteering in a hospital.
C．He is a counselor in cancer.
D．He has fought against cancer before.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可知，作者现在已经退休，而且有医学方面的技能；结合第三段的内容，可以推测出作者是一名退休医生。
2．Why did the lady feel upset?
A．Because she was affected by cancer.
B．Because her husband suffered from cancer.
C．Because she didn’t know how to treat cancer.
D．Because she had a poor relation with her husband.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She was very upset, but she was not the person with cancer. It was her partner.”和“we discussed with her what could be done for her family”可知，这位女士的丈夫得了癌症。注意：此处的“partner”表示“配偶”。
3．What do we know about the volunteers?
A．They do well in teamwork.
B．They receive medical training.
C．They all used to be helped.
D．They often meet unusual things.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的首句“It’s great that the people who volunteer all work well together, helping each other to get a resolution(解决) for people who come in.”可知，所有的志愿者都能很好地共同工作，彼此帮助，为来求助的人提供好的解决方案。由此推知，他们具有很强的团队意识，善于团队合作。
4．Why does the author write this text?
A．To call on readers to do voluntary work.
B．To show us how to help those in trouble.
C．To share his experiences as a volunteer.
D．To teach us how to take care of cancer patients.
C 解析：写作意图题。综合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是作者的志愿者经历。因此，作者写作的目的也就是要分享他作为志愿者的经历。
B
A woman grasped her phone to her heart the way a minister might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a bunch of flowers that sat not 10 feet away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others pushing to do the same. The cause of this was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco. For the 34th year, artists were asked to create flower bunches that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. It’s time to take a photo to post on Instagram, but to the point that it has become a problem.
In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had ruined their experience. In fact, institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their visitors. So the de Young responded with a kind of compromise: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six?day run.
One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A recent study in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is some truth to this; it found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw. But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums. Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a photo?taking playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and she thinks that the de Young is in no position to judge that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another. “If we removed social media and photography，” she says, “we would risk becoming less popular.” If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro?phone crowd(亲手机人群) has already won.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍de Young博物馆收到了很多关于在展馆内拍照的投诉，对此博物馆管理方作出回应，最终采取了一个折中的办法，即在展期内抽出“自由拍照”时间。
5．What were the crowd eager to do in paragraph 1?
A．To hold a Bible.
B．To admire flowers.
C．To take a photo.
D．To see the exhibition.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“She was anxious to take a picture of a bunch of flowers that sat not 10 feet away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others pushing to do the same.”可推知，人们都在忙于拍照。故正确答案为C。
6．How did the de Young respond to the complaints?
A．By setting periods without photo?taking.
B．By making the exhibition free of charge.
C．By compromising with other institutions.
D．By giving extra time to take photos freely.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“So the de Young responded with a kind of compromise: carving out ‘photo free’ hours during the exhibition’s six?day run.”可知，管理方规定在特定时间内不许拍照。故正确答案为A。
7．What can we infer about the use of social media in museums according to the recent study?
A．It uncovers the truth.
B．It accumulates evidence.
C．It causes complaints.
D．It plays a negative role.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them.”及语境可推知，最近研究表明，在博物馆中使用社交媒介起到了负面作用。故正确答案为D。
8．Which of the following may Linda Butler support?
A．Catering to visitors.
B．Reducing admission prices.
C．Reserving judgement in public.
D．Banning social media and photography.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段倒数第二句“‘If we removed social media and photography，’ she says, ‘we would risk becoming less popular.’”可推知，Linda Butler支持迎合游客的做法。故正确答案为A。
[长难句分析] One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them.(第三段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导表语从句；because引导原因状语从句。
译文：在关于社交媒介对博物馆文化产生的影响的持续争论中，一个普遍的抱怨是人们似乎忽略了这种艺术体验，因为他们忙于收集(他们来过的)证据。
C
Technology offers conveniences such as opening the garage door from your car or changing the television station without touching the TV.
Now one American company is offering its employees a new convenience: a microchip implanted in their hands. Employees who have these chips can do all kinds of things just by waving their hands. Three Square Market is offering to implant microchips in all of their employees for free. Each chip costs $300 and Three Square Market will pay for the chip. Employees can volunteer to have the chips implanted in their hands. About 70 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so. The president of the company, his wife and their children are also getting chips implanted in their hands.
The chip is about the size of a grain of rice. Implanting the chip only takes about a second and is said to hurt only very briefly. The chips go under the skin between the thumb and forefinger. With a chip in the hand, a person can enter the office building, buy food, sign into computers and more, simply by waving that hand near a scanner. The chips will be also used to identify employees. Employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead. They can perform the same tasks with a wave of their hands as if they had an implanted chip.
Three Square Market is the first company in the United States to offer to implant chips in its employees. Epicenter, a company in Sweden, has been implanting chips in its employees for a while.
Three Square Market says the chip cannot track the employees. The company says scanners can read the chips only when they are within a few inches of them. “The chips protect against identity theft, similar to credit cards.” The U．S. Food and Drug Administration approved the chips back in 2004, so they should be safe for humans, according to the company.
In the future, people with the chips may be able to do more with them, even outside the office. Todd Westby is Chief Executive Officer of Three Square Market. He says, “Eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国一家公司通过给员工手里植入一种芯片的方式来提高员工的工作效率，还介绍了该芯片的有关情况以及人们对它的看法。
9．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The substitutes of the chips.
B．The potential risks of implanting the chips.
C．The places to implant the chips.
D．The advantages of the chips.
D 解析：段落大意题。通读本段可知，本段主要介绍了植入芯片后的好处，如方便购物、识别员工身份等。故D项正确。
10．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The hands. B．The scanners.
C．The employees. D．The credit cards.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据第五段中的“the chip cannot track the employees. The company says scanners can read the chips only when they are within a few inches of them．”可知，芯片不能跟踪员工，但当芯片在距离扫描仪几英寸之内时，扫描仪就能读取芯片的信息。由此可推知，画线词指代扫描仪。故B项正确。
11．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The chips have magic powers.
B．The price of the chips is reasonable.
C．The chips are very popular among the employees.
D．Most people suspect the application of the chips.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句“About 70 out of 80 employees have chosen to do so.”可推知，该芯片很受员工的欢迎。故C项正确。
12．Which of the following best describes Todd Westby’s attitude towards the chips?
A．Defensive. B．Disappointing.
C．Casual. D．Optimistic.
D 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段第三句“He says, ‘Eventually, this technology will become standardized allowing you to use this as your passport, public transit, all purchasing opportunities, etc.’”可知，Todd Westby 认为芯片技术将最终将成为你生活中的好帮手。由此可推知，他对芯片的态度非常乐观。故D项正确。
[长难句分析] Employees who want convenience, but do not want to have a microchip implanted under their skin, can wear a wristband or a ring with a chip instead.(第三段倒数第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Employees。
译文：想要方便，但又不想在皮肤下植入芯片的员工，可以戴上带有芯片的腕带或戒指。
推理判断题——观点态度题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·衢州、福州、丽水三地教学质量检测)On a recent afternoon, some 60 years after they graduated from grammar school, Kathleen Rys, 72, and her sister Lorraine O’Kelly, 70, sat down and had a meal with a classmate, Bruce Smit, 71, for the first time.
In the 1950s, Lorraine and Kathleen Rys’ family moved from Chicago to Monee. As new kids at Monee Elementary School, they soon found themselves on the outs with other students.
“I would be with the other guys and see Kathleen walking down the hallway, her head down, holding her books, walking slowly. And all of us guys would lean against the wall until she passed. Then we’d burst into laughter. How rude is that? It’s just crazy，” said Bruce, a doctor whose wife, Tammy, organized the meeting.
The women said none of the teachers cared about it. “We just kept it to ourselves，” Lorraine said.
Over the years, Tammy Smit said, “Bruce would just start to cry at times. He’d wonder what happened to the sisters, if they led a good life.” One day a few weeks ago, Tammy took to the Internet and found Mary O’Kelly, Lorraine’s daughter, and offered to set up a meeting. The idea of revisiting the pain was not well?received by Kathleen, who had never married, let alone gone on a date. It took some convincing, but Lorraine finally got Kathleen to agree to meet with Bruce.
Bruce broke into tears. “I’m so ashamed, so embarrassed，” he said. “But I’m so happy that you’re still here and that I can finally apologize.” He said he hoped his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others. Lorraine said, “This is a beautiful thing. It’s just wonderful that a person can ask for forgiveness after about 60 years. It’s like a miracle to us. It’s healing to us.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。大约六十年前，Kathleen Rys和她的妹妹Lorraine O’Kelly转学到一所新学校，不料遭到了同班同学的嘲笑。多年以后，班里的男生Bruce Smit感到非常后悔，其妻子在网上找到这对姐妹的信息后，为他们安排了一次会面。Bruce Smit向她们道了歉，这对姐妹也原谅了他……
1．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?
A．Kathleen made her classmates afraid of her at school.
B．Kathleen was once hurt by her classmates at school.
C．Bruce Smit asked his wife to organize the meeting.
D．Bruce Smit spoke ill of Kathleen.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And all of us guys would lean against the wall until she passed. Then we’d burst into laughter. How rude is that？”可知，Bruce和其他男生都紧靠着墙，直到Kathleen走过去，然后他们突然大笑起来，这是非常无礼的；并结合前两段内容可推知，Kathleen曾经受到同班同学的伤害，故B项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “it” in the 4th paragraph probably refer to?
A．The guys’ meeting. B．Kathleen’s slow pace.
C．The guys’ apology. D．Kathleen’s suffering.
D 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段中的“And all of us guys would lean against the wall until she passed. Then we’d burst into laughter. How rude is that？”可知，Bruce和其他男生都紧靠着墙，直到Kathleen走过去，然后他们突然大笑起来，这是非常无礼的；并结合第四段中的“The women said none of the teachers cared about it．”和“We just kept it to ourselves”可知，没有任何老师对此表示关心，她们也不对别人说；据此可推知，it指代Kathleen因受到同班同学的嘲笑而遭受的精神上的痛苦，故D项正确。
3．How did Kathleen first feel about the meeting?
A．Angry. B．Excited.
C．Anxious. D．Unwilling.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段倒数第二句“The idea of revisiting the pain was not well?received by Kathleen, who had never married, let alone gone on a date.”可知，Kathleen不想接受重新体验痛苦的建议，她从未结过婚，更不用说约过会了；据此可推知，对于三人的会面，Kathleen一开始是不愿意接受的，故D项正确。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Bruce was embarrassed about his apology.
B．The other guys apologized to the two sisters.
C．Bruce and the two sisters felt a sense of relief.
D．Lorraine thought the apology came a little late.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中Bruce所说的话“But I’m so happy that you’re still here and that I can finally apologize.”可知，Bruce对能有机会向她们道歉感到很高兴；根据最后一段中Lorraine所说的话“This is a beautiful thing. It’s just wonderful that a person can ask for forgiveness after about 60 years. It’s like a miracle to us. It’s healing to us.”可知，Lorraine认为大约60年前嘲笑过她们的人能请求原谅是一件美好的事情；据此可推知，这次会面让三人都感到宽慰，故C项正确。
[长难句分析] He said he hoped his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others.(最后一段第四句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“he hoped his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others”为省略了that的宾语从句，作said的宾语；其中“his apology would encourage others to seek forgiveness for the pain they had made on others”为省略了that的宾语从句，作hoped的宾语，该宾语从句中的“they had made on others” 为定语从句，修饰先行词the pain。
译文：他说，他希望他的道歉将鼓励其他人为他们给别人造成的痛苦寻求原谅。
B
Although the idea of “zero emission, and sustainable(可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it. But in Liuzhou, a city in southern China, attitudes could not be more different.
The Liuzhou Municipality Urban Planning Bureau has signed up Italian architect Stefano Boeri, the father of the forest city movement, to build a self?contained community for up to 30，000 people. He is the go?to man for such projects thanks to the success of his “vertical forests”， two residential(住宅的) towers. Completed in 2014, they remove up to 17.5 tons of soot(煤烟) from the air each year, and a year later one of them was named Best Tall Building Worldwide.
The Liuzhou project is a much more ambitious undertaking, however. Its homes, hospitals, hotels, schools and offices will be built on a 340?acre site in what Boeri calls the first attempt to create an “urban environment that is really trying to find a balance with nature”. Its 100 species of plant life are expected to absorb almost 10，000 tons of carbon dioxide and 57 tons of pollutants per year, while at the same time producing 900 tons of life?giving oxygen.
Although the architects haven’t published the cost of the forest city, the Milan towers cost only five percent more than traditional skyscrapers.
The construction of his forest city at Liuzhou is set to begin in 2020, and there is still a great deal of planning and research required before a projected completion date can be set. However, Boeri remains optimistic about the project and has confidence in the soundness of his vision：“I really think that bringing forests into the city is a way to deal with global warming.”
【解题导语】 为了改善空气质量，中国委托米兰建筑师Stefano Boeri为柳州市建造一座可以容纳3万人的森林城市。
5．What’s Liuzhou’s attitude towards the sustainable development?
A．Approving. B．Cautious.
C．Unfavorable. D．Doubtful.
A 解析：观点态度题。根据第一段可知，多数城市对待可持续发展的观点都是茫然不知所措，甚至有些城市还持反对意见。然而柳州市对待可持续发展的态度完全不同。所以可以看出柳州市对待可持续发展的态度是“支持的”。A.赞成的，支持的；B.小心的，谨慎的；C.不利的，不赞成的；D.怀疑的。故A项符合题意。
6．Why is Stefano employed for the Liuzhou project?
A．He volunteered to do the project.
B．He is a famous architect in the world.
C．He is the father of the forest recovery.
D．He has gained experience in similar projects.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“He is the go?to man for such projects thanks to the success of his ‘vertical forests’， two residential(住宅的) towers.”可知，他设计的“垂直森林”——两栋住宅建筑的成功使得他成为此类项目的不二人选。所以可以推断出柳州项目签约Stefano Boeri的原因是“他已经有类似工程的经验”，故选D。
7．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The architects. B．The two towers.
C．Forests in the city. D．The residents of the city.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词所在的句子可知，完工于2014年，它们每年可以去除空气中17.5吨的煤烟。所以可以推断出此处的they指代的是前句中的“两栋住宅楼”。A.建筑师们；B.两栋住宅楼；C.城市里的森林；D.城市居民。故选B。
8．What’s the purpose of Liuzhou project?
A．To provide more jobs.
B．To bring forest into city.
C．To solve house shortage.
D．To improve the environment.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Boeri对这个项目充满信心，他认为把森林引入城市中是一种应对全球变暖的方法。所以可以推断出柳州工程的目的是“改善环境”，故选D。
[长难句分析] Although the idea of “zero emission and sustainable(可持续的) development” was promoted worldwide, most cities are at a loss what to do or even some have objected to it.(第一段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“Although the idea of ‘zero emission and sustainable(可持续的) development’ was promoted worldwide”为although引导的让步状语从句。
译文：尽管“零排放与可持续发展”的理念在世界范围内得到推广，但大多数城市都处于不知所措的状态，甚至有些城市反对这个理念。
C
Endless queues and long waits at the ticket inspection desks at China’s major train stations were the signature of the Spring Festival travel rush before 2018. Every year, as the country’s biggest national holiday unfolded, a huge flow of travelers would leave staff at the check?in desks facing a dilemma.
But with the installment(安装) of artificial intelligence(AI) in dozens of train stations in 2018, including a facial recognition system which is able to process passenger identification within five seconds and therefore speed up the waiting process, busy scenes started to become something of the past.
When a passenger approaches the camera inside the facial recognition system at the station, it scans his face and then quickly compares it with the photograph shown on his identification card in real time. If the information matches, the barrier gates will open and allow the passenger to go through.
Such use of facial recognition technology is in line with discussions heard at the recent two sessions meeting, a key annual political event, which focused on the widespread application of a security network named Tianwang(“Sky Net” in English) currently being used by China’s public security department.
The network, according to reports by the People’s Daily, has the potential to recognize the facial features of anyone in the world and match them on the spot with photographs on a database of criminal suspects. In fact, it can analyze photographic identity so quickly that it can scan every single Chinese face on the planet in just one second, and it would only take two seconds to scan every face in the world, with an accuracy rate of up to 99.8 percent.
Those are just two examples that highlight the development of Chinese visual AI technology, which industry insiders predict could contribute to powerful growth in the global technology sector this year.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了可视AI技术在中国的重要应用。
9．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the following topic of the passage.
B．To describe the Spring Festival.
C．To inform readers of the development of China.
D．To explain the dilemma of the staff.
A 解析：写作意图题。根据第一段及对全文的整体理解可推知，作者写第一段是为了导入本文主题，即AI技术在现实生活中的应用。
10．What’s the solution to the Spring Festival travel rush?
A．Using artificial intelligence.
B．Opening more barrier gates.
C．Limiting the number of passengers.
D．Increasing more staff at the check?in desks.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据对第二段的整体理解可知，AI技术的应用使中国春节车站人流拥堵的场景开始成为过去，即问题得以解决。
11．What can we know about facial recognition technology?
A．Its application leads to a heated discussion.
B．Its application is useless to policemen.
C．Its operating speed is not yet high enough.
D．Its accuracy rate is very high.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的“with an accuracy rate of up to 99.8 percent”可知，人脸识别技术的准确率很高，高达99.8%。
12．What’s the author’s attitude towards Chinese visual AI technology?
A．Depressed. B．Positive.
C．Doubtful. D．Indifferent.
B 解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段和对全文的整体理解可知，中国可视AI技术的应用解决了中国春节车站人流拥堵问题，同时也被应用于公安系统，由此可推知，作者对中国可视AI技术持积极的态度。
[长难句分析] Those are just two examples that highlight the development of Chinese visual AI technology, which industry insiders predict could contribute to powerful growth in the global technology sector this year.(最后一段)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that和which 分别引导定语从句，都在从句中作主语。
译文：这仅仅是两个例子，其强调了中国可视人工智能技术的发展；业内人士预测说，这可能有助于今年全球在这方面技术的强有力发展。
推理判断题——写作意图题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·杭州四校联考)I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole. Back in 1996, there had never been a woman from the UK who had accomplished this challenge. I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off for the application form.
The application form full of pictures of male explorers arrived. The words “Are you man enough for the ultimate(极限的) challenge？” made me angry and even more determined to get on the team.
Over 500 individuals applied for a place in the team, and the selection process included physical and psychological tests designed to pick the best group. In one test, there was a huge rope ladder we had to climb, and I froze at the top because I have a fear of heights. I thought my hopes were fading as most other applicants sailed past, leaving me behind. But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.
I had revealed(显示) my weakness, and in a place like the Arctic, you have to be yourself, as there is nowhere to hide. These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.
I realized that by being myself, I could succeed. I was selected for the team. I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了作者申请加入去北极的滑雪队，并成功加入的故事。
1．How did the author react on seeing the advertisement?
A．She got cross. B．She was determined.
C．She got frightened. D．She was uninterested.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据对第一段的整体理解，尤其是第一二句“I decided to ski to the North Pole. It was after I saw an advertisement in a newspaper looking for people to join a team to ski 350 miles to the North Pole.”可知，作者看到这则广告后就下定决心要滑雪去北极。
2．What did the organizers view as the most important in the selection of new hands?
A．Personal quality. B．Individual ability.
C．Spirit of teamwork. D．Courage to challenge.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But two others helped me over, and later I found out that the organizers were not looking for amazing individuals, but great team players, and this moment had shown them who would take care of others in the team.”可推知，团队组织者挑选新队员时认为最重要的一点就是队员们要有团队合作精神。
3．What does the author think of women’s showing weakness?
A．Beneficial. B．Shameful.
C．Merciful. D．Disturbing.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是第二句“These personalities of asking for help and showing weakness are necessary for women to master.”可推知，女性展示软弱是有用的。
4．What’s the intention of the author in writing this passage?
A．To inspire us to prepare for our future goal.
B．To advise women how to turn to others.
C．To make suggestions to her team members.
D．To encourage people to explore the unknown.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据最后一段最后一句“I realized that I could achieve more than I ever imagined—more importantly, by sharing my story with others, I could inspire them to take a step into the new world and reveal more of their abilities.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励人们去探索未知的世界。
[长难句分析] I wondered what it would be like to survive in temperatures cold enough to freeze your flesh in seconds, so I sent off for the application form.(第一段最后一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“what it would be like...in seconds”为what 引导的宾语从句，作wondered的宾语，其中cold enough...in seconds作temperatures的定语；本句中又包含了一个so引导的结果状语从句。
译文：我想知道在几秒钟就能冷得把人的肉体冻住的温度下如何生存，所以我写信索要申请表。
B
Public libraries are an excellent resource for research, literacy(读写能力) education, and reading?centered events. Most towns have one or share library services with other towns through a mobile library, and the use of a public library is free to people who are willing to apply for a library card.
There are several primary sources of library funding(资金), starting with national funds which are distributed to states or provinces. These regions send the funds on to public libraries. Local governments also play an important role in providing funding for libraries, and most librarians apply for grants(拨款). Finally, private donations help to maintain libraries—most libraries have an association of Friends of the Library which organizes fund?raising sales and pays annual dues to help maintain the library.
Grants and private donations can also be used to provide a large amount of funding for public libraries, and some large libraries maintain a separate staff member to increase the amount of funding that they can obtain through these sources. Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children’s books, or local history, and education grants which support locally?based community efforts such as after?school reading programs. Many private donors are pleased to support their local public libraries by donating funds or including some library in their wills, and libraries reward their donors with treats like after?hours visits or privileged access to special collections.
By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers. When it comes to supporting public libraries, every little bit counts: if you cannot afford to donate to a local library, think about volunteering time to help shelve books, lead after?school programs, or organize fund?raisers. Being active with your public library is a very important way to contribute to your local community.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源。
5．How many main sources of library funding are mentioned?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，图书馆资金来源主要有三个：国家资金；当地政府的拨款；私人捐款。
6．How is the funding made use of according to the text?
A．By exploring more about history.
B．By developing a scientific computer system.
C．By holding after?school activities for students.
D．By enriching special collections for the donors.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“education grants which support locally?based community efforts such as after?school reading programs”可知，有些资金用于为学生举办一些课外活动。
7．What does the underlined word “browsers” refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Viewers in the library.
B．Programs used to view documents.
C．People running the library.
D．Donors visiting the library regularly.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers．”可知，通过组合多种资源，有创造力的图书馆馆长可以使他们的图书馆有用、信息丰富并且对于browsers来说有趣。故可推知browsers应是去图书馆的人。故答案为A。
8．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To stress the value of public libraries.
B．To appeal for donation to local libraries.
C．To introduce sources of public library funding.
D．To show the procedure of funding libraries.
C 解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源，故答案为C。
[长难句分析] Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children’s books, or local history, and education grants which support locally?based community efforts such as after?school reading programs.(第三段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句子主干是Grants include technology grants, grants and education grants，句中有三个which引导的定语从句。
译文：拨款包括让图书馆安装和更新电脑系统的技术拨款，关注某个特定话题，如科学、小说、儿童图书或当地历史的拨款和支持当地社区活动如课外读书项目的教育拨款。
C
At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification(通知) that I’d already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 a．m.! Enjoy your time living in the moment.”
These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.
“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes. “My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.
Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offering guided programs to help users focus and be more productive, for $7.99 a month.
“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my day?to?day life，” Jack, a user said. Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness”， the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。本文主要介绍了这款软件的发明过程和功能，以及用户对它的评价。
9．What does the inspiration of Moment come from?
A．The creator’s own experience.
B．The sound made by honey bees.
C．Complaints from family members.
D．The widespread digital addiction.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.”，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。
10．What does Moment do at the expected screen time?
A．Monitor the screen and keep a record.
B．Make a noise to remind the user.
C．Turn off the phone immediately.
D．Force the user to take a rest.
B 解析：细解理解题。根据第三段中的“He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes.”“My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I’d go and do something else.”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。
11．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?
A．Persuade readers to buy the app.
B．Provide readers with some advice.
C．Recommend a coach to the readers.
D．Introduce more information of the app.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。
12．In which part of a website will you find this text?
A．Fashion and Business.
B．Sports and Entertainment.
C．Health and Lifestyle.
D．Art and Design.
C 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一款名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自“健康和生活方式”版块，故C项正确。
[长难句分析] These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction.(第二段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中“an app that tracks the screen time”作Moment的同位语，其中又包含了that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“an app”；“created...addiction”作Moment的后置定语，其中又包含了一个动词不定式作目的状语。
译文：这些最新消息经由Moment发送，它是一款跟踪屏幕时间的软件，由Kevin Holesh在2014年开发来抵抗他自己对设备的入迷。
推理判断题——文章出处或读者对象题
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·宁波重点中学教学质量评估)
Long Island Events
CrafternoonSaturday, March 30, 1：00 PM－3：00 PMEmma Clark Library, 120Main StreetSetauket, NY 11733The March “Crafternoon” at Emma Clark Library is a hatching bird pop?up craft.Stop by Saturday, March30 anytime between 1：00PM－3：00 PM for this free craft! No registration. Welcome all kids. If you have any question, please email kids@emmaclark.org. Rolling River Day Camp Family DaySaturday, April 1312：00 PM－2：00 PM477 Ocean Avenue East Rockaway, Oceanside，NY 11518Now is the time to learn more about Camp 2019 Prospective Family Day! Bring your family to Rolling River Day Camp’s Family Day—a unique opportunity for children to get a taste of camp while parents attend an interactive information session. All families who sign up for Camp 2019 that day will receive a free gift. You must preregister to attend.
The Flower & Garden ShowMarch 7－24, 8：00 AM－6：00 PM Hicks NurseriesWestbury, NY 11590Head to Hicks Nurseries in Westbury if your kids want to know of the hottest trends, ideas and products for spring gardening. The Spring Flower & Garden Show, 8：00 AM to 6：00 PM daily, beginning on March 7 and running through March 24, offers a varietyof free workshops, seminars and activities intended for kids interested in gardening. ADMISSION Free. Super Bowl “Saturday”Saturday, February 2，2：00 PM－4：00 PMEmma Clark Library, 120 Main StreetSetauket, NY 11733Kick off the Super Bowlweekend with football?themed festivities on Saturday, February 2.Simply drop into the Children’s Department at Emma Clark Library between the hours of 2：00 PM－4：00 PM. Play games and enter for a chance to win a special prize. The Library staff encourages visitors to wear a shirt with their favorite football team. Be sure to catch the fun! There is no registration, and families with kids of all ages are welcome.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了长岛的一些亲子活动项目，活动的时间、地点和活动内容均已附上。
1．What is required to attend Rolling River Day Camp Family Day?
A．To give away a gift.
B．To register in advance.
C．To sign up for a training session.
D．To have a good knowledge of camp.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二则广告中提及的“You must preregister to attend.”可知，如果想参加该活动，要提前报名。
2．For those fond of growing plants, when can they choose to join in an event?
A．March 30. B．April 13.
C．March 17. D．February 2.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键信息“fond of growing plants”可以把解题线索定位在第三则广告中，根据该广告提及的活动时间“8：00 AM to 6：00 PM daily, beginning on March 7 and running through March 24”可知，3月7日至3月24日期间，植物爱好者每天都可以参加这项活动。结合所给的四个选项可知选C项。
3．Who might be interested in this text?
A．Students on holidays.
B．People of all ages.
C．Outdoor sports lovers.
D．Families with children.
D 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文中所有的活动都是针对孩子和家长设计的。因此，对本文感兴趣的对象应是有孩子的家庭。故选D项。
B
With its snow?covered mountains and a variety of wildlife, Yellowstone National Park is one of the scenic treasures of the United States. Located primarily in Wyoming, the park hosts millions of visitors every year. If you plan to travel within the park, keep in mind the advice from the National Park Service.
Seasonal Travel
Travel varies vastly from season to season. Roads are generally open in the summer except for cases of rock or mud slides, wild fires, accidents or road construction. Early snows in the fall can cause some roads to close temporarily. In the winter almost all roads are closed to motor vehicles, but snowmobiles and other snow vehicles with tracks are allowed. Roads begin to open in the spring by the latter part of April but may close if snowfall continues.
Driving Time
Grand Loop Road is the main road through Yellowstone National Park, and it passes by most of the major attractions. These include Old Faithful, Yellowstone Lake and the Grand Canyon of Yellowstone. The maximum speed limit on the Grand Loop is 45 miles per hour, but the speed limit drops during some of the winding and twisty sections of this narrow road. Allow yourself at least two days to fully travel the loop due to the size of the park and occasionally heavy traffic.
Safety Awareness
Buffaloes often block the roads in the park as they migrate through the fields. If a herd is traveling across the road you are on, you can either wait for them to pass or find an alternative route. If you get out of your vehicle, you should stay at least 25 yards from any buffalo (and 100 yards or more away from bears and wolves). Buffaloes are particularly unpredictable and charge people at speeds up to 30 mph.
You can take your bicycle on any public roads and routes designed for bikes, but bicycles are not allowed on the park roads which are narrow with few shoulders. Elevations range from 5，300 to 8，860 feet. The National Park Service recommends that cyclists wear helmets and noticeable clothing.
【解题导语】 本文介绍了美国黄石国家公园的服务中心为参观者提供的几条建议。
4．What is TRUE about traveling in the Yellowstone Park?
A．Roads will stay open in spite of emergency.
B．Traffic jam is actually a rare thing.
C．The driving speed on the road can be 50 mph.
D．Motor vehicles are allowed in the winter.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据Seasonal Travel 部分中的第二句可知，发生岩崩或泥石流、森林火灾、事故或道路建设时，道路不开放。故A项(尽管有紧急情况，道路也会开放)是错误的。根据Driving Time部分中的第三句可知，主路限速45英里/小时，在窄路的弯道处限速更低，故C项错误。根据Seasonal Travel部分中的第四句可知，冬天几乎所有道路都不对摩托车开放，故D项错误。根据Driving Time部分最后一句中的“occasionally heavy
