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第3板块 书面表达
专题五 书面表达
层级三 题型应对策略
第一讲 应用文写作
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层级三 题型应对策略
第一讲 应用文写作
书 信
书信是人们在日常生活和工作中进行交际的工具之一。书信写作在近几年的高考作文中考得比较多，所考的书信格式也比较简单。但由于民族语言和习惯上的差异， 英语信件在书写格式及表达方式上与汉语不大一样， 有些地方迥然不同。因此我们了解一些英语书信的正规写法还是非常有必要的。
英文书信分为两大类：公务信件和私人信件。
公务信件是单位与单位或单位与个人之间来往的书信， 可能是推荐信、求职信、入学申请书、邀请信， 或询问、答复、反映意见(如投诉信)等的信件。私人信件是指亲戚朋友之间的通信。
一、书信的构成
这两类书信各有自己的格式。公务信件要求比较严格。 一般格式：英文书信的构成可分为7个部分：信头(Heading)，日期(Date), 收信人姓名及地址(Inside Name and Address), 称呼(Salutation), 信文(Body of the letter), 结束语(Complimentary close), 署名(Signature)。
一般说来， 私人信件不拘形式。随着互联网的发展与普及， 电子邮件已逐步代替书信。电子邮件类似书信， 但格式往往更简洁、 更随便。
1．信头
信头是指发信人的单位名称或地址。一般情况下发信人只需把自己的地址写在信的右上角， 离开信纸的顶头约1英寸， 占二三行或四行均可， 格式如下：
① 齐头式 ② 缩进式
2．日期
①年份应写全， 例如不能用 “18” 来代替 “2018”。
②月份应写英文名称， 除May, July外， 可用缩写， 如：Sept., Oct.。但不要用数字来代替， 如7/8/18 或7, 8, 18, 因为在英国此日期代表 7th August, 2018。
③日期可用1, 2, 3, 4……11, 12……21, 22……31等， 也可用1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th……11th, 21st, 22nd……31st等。
日期的几种写法：
a．July 7, 2018 b．1st October, 2018
c．30 Nov., 2018 d．Sept.3rd, 2018
④特别注意英文书信日期应紧接着写信人地址下一行， 不能像写中文书信那样写在书信签名之后。
3．地址
地址的书写顺序由小到大：门牌号、街道、城市、省(州)、邮编、国名， 最后写发信日期。 私人信件一般只写寄信日期即可。
如： 123 Tianhe Road
Tianhe District
Guangzhou 510 620
Guangdong Province
P．R.C.
Jan.8, 2018
4．称呼
称呼指的是信文开头的那种称呼， 如Dear, Mr., Uncle等， 各种称呼因人而异。对女子常用Ms./Mrs./Miss；对男子用Mr.；对教授或博士(医生)用Prof.或Dr.。
称呼直接写在收信人地址的正下方， 中间空一至二行。称呼后面一般用逗号， 但也有用冒号的。现归纳如下：
①对父母、兄弟、姐妹等：a.Father，b.My dear Mother，c.Dear Sister, d．Dear Tom；
②对亲戚：a.My dear Auntie, b．Dear Cousin, c．My dear Cousin；
③对朋友、同学：a.My dear friend, b．Dear Mr. Jackson, c．My dear Mr. Jackson, d．Dear Sir；
④对未婚女子：a.Dear Miss Luce, b．My dear Miss Luce;
⑤对一般女子， 不论是否结婚：a.Madam, b．Dear Madam;
⑥对已婚女子：a.Dear Mrs. Helen Jackson, b．My dear Mrs. Helen Jackson;
⑦对公司、工厂、学校等：a.Dear Sirs，b.Sirs, c．Gentlemen；
⑧如果不知收信人的性别： Dear Sir or Madam。
5．信文
信文是信件的主体部分， 也就是信的内容。正文应在称呼下两行开始。信的开头第一个字母通常和称呼开头第一个词平齐。也有往后退四个或八个字母的。
正文是书信的主体。与中文信件不同的是， 英文书信的正文的开头不是先写一些问候语， 再阐明写信的目的， 而是直接说明写信人的身份及写信的目的， 然后提出写信人的情况、想法或要求， 并加以必要的解释或说明。
英文书信陈述目的时， 应该直截了当， 意思明确， 层次清楚， 言简意赅。 书信正文的第一句话或第一段， 通常被称为起首语。一般来说， 人们习惯用一些客套的写法作为书信正文的起始， 即先将对方来信的日期、主题加以简单描述， 以便使对方一看便知该信是回答哪一封信的。如果是第一次给别人写信， 也可用开头语作必要的自我介绍， 并表明自己写信的主要目的。
下面介绍一些高考英语书信的开头语段和结尾语段：
(1)开头语段：
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am Li Hua, a student from China, who is studying in London during the summer holiday.
我叫李华，是一名来自中国的学生。暑假期间我在伦敦学习。
②(2017·浙江卷6月书面表达)I plan to go for an outing, and I would like to invite you to participate.
我计划去郊游，我想邀请你参加。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I am writing to inform you of the course schedule of the next class, which is about poetry of the Tang Dynasty. 我给你写信是想告诉你我们下次上课时关于唐代诗歌的计划安排。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I’m Li Hua, one of your students. I’m writing to invite you to visit the paper?cutting exhibition. Paper?cutting is one of Chinese traditions and I’m sure you will like it.
我是您的学生李华。我给您写信邀请您参观剪纸艺术展览。剪纸艺术是中国的一门传统艺术，我想您一定会喜欢的。
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I’m writing to invite you to join our school table tennis team. I have been told that our school team is recruiting new members. Knowing that you are keen on playing table tennis, I wonder if you’d like to join. 我写信主要是邀请你参加我们学校的乒乓球队。我得知我们校队正在招收新队员。知道你喜爱乒乓球，我想知道你是否愿意参加。
⑥(2019·浙江卷6月书面表达)Hearing that you will return to your country soon, I feel a bit upset.
听到你不久以后要回国，我感到伤心。
(2)结尾语段：
①(2017·浙江卷6月书面表达)a: I really hope you can make it. And I do look forward to receiving your reply letter as soon as possible. 我真心希望你能参加，盼望尽早收到你的回信。
b: If you have time, you are always welcome to join us.
如果你能有时间，欢迎你能加入我们这次郊游。
②(浙江卷10月书面表达)Looking forward to seeing you!
Best wishes. 盼望早日见到你！请接受我最美好的祝愿。
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’ll appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
如果在你方便时能尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
④(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.
Looking forward to your reply.
我愿您能抓住这次更深刻了解中国传统文化的机会。
盼望您的回复。
⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)a：I would appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
如果你能在方便时尽早回复，我将不胜感激。
b：If you want to apply for membership, you are required to fill in the application form and send an email to pingpong@123.com. The deadline is July 20th.
I wish you success in your application!
如果你想申请队员资格，你需要填写申请表，并往pingpong@123.com发邮件。截止日期7月20日。
愿你申请成功！
6．结束语
结尾套语写在签名上面一行， 第一个字母要大写， 套语结尾后面要加逗号。
结束语的一般写法如下：
①业务书信常用：Yours faithfully, Faithfully yours, Yours truly, Truly yours, Sincerely yours等。
②公函常用：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours sincerely等。
③私人书信常用：Sincerely yours, Yours very sincerely, Yours affectionately, Yours ever等。
④给亲戚朋友的信常用：Love, All my love, Your (ever) loving son/daughter/cousin, etc., Your affectionate nephew, Lovingly yours等。
7．署名
写信人的签名常位于结束语正下方一二行。除非是给很熟悉的人写信， 签名一般须写出全名。
①个人署名：W.J.Watson, Tom Williams等。
②公司署名：Legend Computer Company, Wang Lin, Sales Manager等。
二、书信写作常用套句
It is so great to hear from you again.
It is a great pleasure for me to...
With great delight I learned that...
I must apologize for not writing to you sooner.
1．建议：
In my experience, it seems that...would make sense in your situation.
In my opinion, it would be wise for you to take the following actions.
2．感谢
I truly appreciate your kindness.
Thank you from the bottom of my heart for...
3．道歉
I apologize most sincerely for...
I am so sorry to have put you through so much trouble...
4．邀请
We would be honored to have you there with us...I will cover all the expenses involved.
5．抱怨
I very much regret to have to inform you that...
We will appreciate your willingness to make up for the loss.
I hope that the above situation will be improved as soon as possible.
6．咨询
I would like to request some information about...
Should I need to send further materials, please let me know.
7．求职
I hope I may be granted an interview...
三、书信的分类
(一)普通信件
典题感悟 文体分析
假如你是李华，昨天你收到了美国笔友Jennifer的e?mail。她询问高考之后你的暑假打算，请你就以下内容给她回一封邮件。1.出行计划：到海南旅游；2.读书计划：读两本早就想读却没有时间读的小说；3.社会实践计划：与一些同学参加保护环境的宣传活动。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；________________________________________________________________________ 电子邮件/书信类作文一般分为三段：第一段常常引出话题，在该篇文章中，话题为暑假及其安排；第二段为电子邮件或书信的正文，一般从几个方面展开说明或论述；该篇文章从三个方面具体说明暑假计划内容；第三段常常表达祝福、祝愿。
参考范文 亮点展示
Dear Jennifer，①I am very glad to hear from you.②Yes，I am busy preparing for the coming College Entrance Examination，after which I will have a long summer vacation.③My number one plan for the holidays is to take a trip to Hainan, enjoying beautiful nature and relaxing my tired body there—you cannot imagine how exhausted I am now.④Besides, I am going to read two novels which I have been wanting to read but can’t find time to do.⑤Finally, I will take part in an activity about raising the public’s environmental awareness with some of my classmates.⑥Best wishes. Yours，Li Hua 句②中的亮点较多：使用了较高级的非限制性定语从句；准确使用了两种时态——一般现在时和一般将来时；短语be busy doing形象地表明了作者的现状。句③用“—”连接两个并列句；在前一个分句中使用了非谓语的各种形式。句④中过渡词besides巧妙地连接了一、二两个计划，在which引导的定语从句中含有but引导的两个并列句。句⑤是个高级的简单句，其中含有一些高级词汇，比如：raising the public’s environmental awareness等。
续 表
写作指导
书信作文模板Dear________，开头：I am extremely pleased to hear from you.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that________．/How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about ________．...(正文内容)I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience./I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 结尾：Best regards for your health and success.I’m looking forward to your reply./With best wishes, I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.Sincerely yours, ________
【跟踪训练】
假定你是李华，暑假期间，你的美国朋友Jeff将来杭州看望你，并和你一起生活两周。请你给他写一封电子邮件，告知他以下事项：
1．两周主要活动安排；
2．届时杭州的天气情况和需要带的物品。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Hi，Jeff，
Glad to learn that you are coming to Hangzhou during the summer vacation.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your arrival!
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Hi，Jeff，
Glad__to__learn__that__you__are__coming__to__Hangzhou__during__the__summer__vacation.I’m sure you’re going to have lots of fun and learn much about Chinese culture.
We’ll mainly go touring around Hangzhou and places nearby.I will show you the best part of natural and cultural sites.That way, you may get a rough idea of what life in China is like.
It will be hot during the summer vacation, so you only need to take some T?shirts and shorts.Don’t forget your sports shoes as we’ll do a lot of walking.
Looking__forward__to__your__arrival!
Yours，
Li__Hua
(二)投诉信
典题感悟
文体分析
假定你是李华，两周前你从网上购买的一套书虫系列读物(Bookworm Series)昨天才到货，且包装破损，数量不足。请就此向网店客服写邮件投诉。要点如下：1.介绍购物情况；2.反映存在问题；3.提出解决方案。 注意：1. 词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。To whom it may concern，________________________________________________________________________Looking forward to your reply.Li Hua 投诉信作文一般分为三段：第一段阐述问题发生的经过。在该篇文章中，作者简述了从网上购买的一套书虫系列读物昨天才到货，且存在包装破损，数量不足问题。第二段对存在的问题提出抱怨，并提出解决问题的方案。本文作者提出退货或换货。第三段常常催促对方抓紧解决问题。
参考范文 亮点展示
To__whom__it__may__concern， I’m one of your customers. I ordered a set of Bookworm Series on your website two weeks ago, but I didn’t receive them until yesterday. And much to my disappointment, the books were so poorly packed up that the cover of one book was torn and I found one book missing. I’m sorry to have received such poor service.I hope that you either return my money or deliver a new set of books to me. Besides, I’d like to be informed of the process of your dealing with my complaint.Looking__forward__to__your__reply.Li__Hua 本文使用了较高级从句、句式(so...that, find...missing, And much to my disappointment, I’d like to be informed of)；准确使用了多种时态——一般现在时和一般过去时和现在完成时等。过渡词besides巧妙地引出要求对方正确对待作者的抱怨。
续 表
写作指导
1.文章结构
(1)首段：注意客气礼貌
a.自我介绍；
b.引出投诉内容；
c.表明目的要求。
(2)主体：展开说明投诉原因、具体理由或后果，注意内容充实，符合交际习惯。
详细说明情况，中肯提出问题；
提出改进建议，表明希望如何解决；
拓展题目内容，尤其要强调问题不解决所带来的后果。
(3)尾段：提出解决方案，不用展开，注意公平、公正、礼貌原则。
表达强烈愿望，希望上述问题得到迅速恰当的解决；
有时可就问题的解决限定时间；
对有关人员的努力表示感谢；
希望尽快得到满意答复。
2.常用表达
(1)首段
①I am sorry to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a serious complaint. 很抱歉打扰您，但我必须郑重提出投诉。
②I am sorry to tell you that there should be cause to complain about...
我很遗憾地告诉你投诉有关……的事由。
③I really hate to complain, but one thing is really disturbing now. 我真的很讨厌抱怨，但最近有一件事情确实令人烦心。
(2)主体
①It arrived on time the day before yesterday. But when I checked it, I found a hole in the middle. I was astonished because the hole was obvious and I didn’t think you should neglect this deficiency(缺陷).
它是前天按时到的。但是当我检查时，我发现中间有个洞。我很震惊，因为这个洞很明显，我认为你们不应该忽略这个缺陷。
②I have dialed your service number for several times but it was always busy.
我多次拨打你们的服务电话，但它总是占线。
③Now this problem keeps worrying me.
现在这个问题一直在困扰我。
④To improve the situation, you can take the following measures. 为了改善状况，你们可以采取下面的措施。
你们可以尽快给我换件新的吗？
⑥I insist you change a new one for me or give me a refund(退款)． 我坚持你们给我换件新的或者给我退款。
(3)尾段
①I think it’s high time that you realized...
我认为是你认识到……的时候了。
②We know that you are not generally careless, but we should like your assurance that this will not happen again.
我们深知你们并不经常出错，但我们希望能确保这类差错不再发生。
③ I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation, I will be forced to take legal action.
我必须警告贵方，除非对目前状况采取措施，否则我将被迫诉诸法律。
④Frankly, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more. 坦率地说，我不再准备继续忍受这种状况。
⑤I would be very grateful if you could look into the matter as soon as possible. And I am looking forward to an early reply.
如果您能尽快调查此事，我将不胜感激。期待您尽快回复。
3.写作流程图
4.投诉信写作模板
Dear________，
①I am ________(自我介绍)．②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid that I have to make a complaint about________.
③The reason for my dissatisfaction is ________(总体介绍)．④In the first place, ________(抱怨的第一个方面)．⑤In addition，________(抱怨的第二个方面)．⑥Under these circumstances, I find it ________(感觉)to________(抱怨的方面给你带来的后果).
⑦I appreciate it very much if you could ________(提出建议和请求), preferably ________(进一步的要求), and I would like to have this matter settled by ________(设定解决事情的最后期限)．⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
________
【跟踪训练】
假如你是李华，因业务到广州出差，于5月3日至5日住在一家知名酒店5016房间，空调不能调温，也关不上，找服务员处理，他不但不予处理，还耻笑你。你找经理解决，她答应解决，但始终没人修理。请你写一封投诉信，就此种情况进行投诉。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to you to complain about your hotel.I had a terrible stay in room 5016 of your hotel from the 3rd to the 5th of May, when I came to Guangzhou on business.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Sir/Madam,__
I__am__writing__to__you__to__complain__about__your__hotel.I__had__a__terrible__stay__in__room__5016__of__your__hotel__from__the__3rd__to__the__5th__of__May,__when__I__came__to__Guangzhou__on__business.
The air?conditioning in my room could not be turned down or switched off.When I asked the reception staff to do something about it, he laughed and told me it was better than being hot.I asked your front of house manager and she told me she would send someone to my room immediately.No one came.As a result, I was very cold every time I was in the room.
In future, I will not be staying at your hotel again and will inform my business associates of the terrible service.
Yours__faithfully,__
Li__Hua
(三)建议信
典题感悟 参考范文
假设你是李明，你的外籍同学Mike对于新高考的选课有一些疑虑，请根据以下要点写一封信，给Mike提几点选课建议，内容包括：1.考虑大学招生要求和未来发展；2.考虑自身兴趣和特长；3.多了解相关信息。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________ Dear Mike，I heard you’ve had problems with the course selection.Here are some tips that may help.Some universities have different standards for prospective students，including which subject they should learn during high school.So you are advised to take university requirements and your future development into consideration.Additionally，it is quite good if you can decide your own future path based on your interests and advantages.For more information，you’d better access some related websites.I hope my advice can help you make a wise decision.Sincerely yours，Li Ming
写作指导
1.写作要点 (1)建议信的内容：作者就有关问题进行分析，并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。 (2)建议信的对象：①写给个人，就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点；②写给某个组织和机构，就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。 注意：建议信要写得简明扼要、目的明确、理由充足，具有合理性和说服力。语气和用词要恰当，如果收信人是长者，则宜采用严谨、谦虚、正式的语言；如果对方是亲密的朋友，语言就可以亲切自然一些。2.文章结构 (1)开门见山，点明写信的目的是提建议。 (2)讲清楚提建议的理由及应采取的具体措施，层次分明。 (3)呼应开头，指出所提建议的意义，并发出号召或提出希望，礼貌结束全文。3.常用表达 (1)开头①I’d like to give you some advice on the problem you are faced with.②I am writing to express my views concerning...③It is my pleasure to offer you some advice on... (2)正文①My suggestions are as follows.②May I suggest that you...③I really hope that...④What about...？⑤How about...？ ⑥If I were you, I would... ⑦It would be better if...⑧When it comes to such a situation, I would like to suggest that you... (3)结束语①If you could take what I suggest seriously, you would...②If you can take my suggestions into consideration，...③I hope they will be helpful.④I hope you will find these proposals/ideas helpful/useful.4.写作流程图 5.建议信写作模板Dear__________， ①I am writing to you to...It is my pleasure to ________(表明写作意图).②As__________， __________is getting more and more important./Nowadays, there is a growing concern on __________(阐明现象)．③As __________， I am writing this letter to express my view concerning__________(引出建议).④The main problem in ________ is that __________(建议的原因)．⑤I really hope that ________．Another suggestion is to __________(阐述建议的具体内容)．⑥I ____________(表达愿望).⑦Thank you! I hope you will find my suggestions helpful.(表示感谢)Yours sincerely， ________
【跟踪训练】
(2019·浙江九校一模)假如你是Mary，你的好友陈洁最近因为考试频率过高，课业繁重，感到身体不适，严重影响了学习。因此，她发e?mail给你，寻求你的建议和帮助。请你根据以下要点提示予以回复。
内容要点：
1．健康合理的饮食；
2．有规律且适度的运动；
3．……
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已写好，不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chen Jie，
I feel so sorry to hear that you are feeling bad these days.________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Mary
One possible version：
Dear__Chen__Jie，
I__feel__so__sorry__to__hear__that__you__are__feeling__bad__these__days. In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy and keep attentive in class. The following are my suggestions.
Healthy eating habits are very important. So you’d better have your meals on time and keep a balanced diet. Then, taking morning exercise every day is a nice choice, which helps to build up your body. You can do some sports to refresh yourself if weather permits. Finally, don’t stay up too late; otherwise you’ll suffer a lot every night.
I believe it would be beneficial if you could follow my suggestions. Hope you’ll feel well soon.
Yours__sincerely,__
Mary
(四)邀请信
典题感悟 参考范文
假定你是李华，得知外教Mr. Hall寒假不回国，想邀请他到你家过春节。 请给他写一封信，内容包括：1.时间； 2.一同过节的家人；3.活动。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dear Mr. Hall，I hear that you’re not going to go back to your country in the coming winter vocation, so I’m writing to invite you to spend the Spring Festival with my family together.If you considerately accept my invitation, I’ll ask my parents to pick you up next Monday and drive you straight to my house where my brother, sister and grandparents will all be in.The Spring Festival plays a significant role in every Chinese life, so various activities are indispensable in adding flavor to the festival. We’ll have a big feast together, gathering around the table and praying for next year’s good luck. After the meal, a lucky charm red envelope which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other. Everything will overflow with happiness then.I sincerely hope that you can accept my earnest invitation and can reply to me at your earliest convenience.Yours，Li Hua
写作指导
1.写作要点 邀请信是邀请亲朋好友或知名人士、专家等参加某项活动时所发的邀约性书信。在国际交往以及日常的各种社交活动中，这类书信使用广泛。2.文章结构一般邀请信具有简短、热情的特点。格式一般为： (1)首段： 开门见山说明写作目的； (2)具体交代情景：包括受邀请的人，邀请朋友干什么、地点以及具体的时间等内容，并且强调为什么邀请收信人而不是别的朋友； (3)尾段：再次盛情邀请；表示期待朋友的回复。 3.常用表达 (1)第一部分：说明写作目的①It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to eagerly invite you to... 我怀着极其愉快的心情给您写信，诚恳地邀请您来……②It gives me the greatest pleasure to invite you to... 十分高兴能邀请您来……③We should be very grateful if you could... 如果您能……我们将不胜感激。 (2)第二部分：说明事由及活动地点和时间①Will you and Mrs. Smith give the pleasure of dining with us at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday, October the tenth, at eight o’clock？10月10日星期天晚上8点您和史密斯夫人能来北京饭店与我们共进晚餐吗？
续 表
写作指导
②There will be a dinner party to be held at the Beijing Hotel on Sunday, October the tenth, at eight o’clock. Will you and Mrs. Smith come and join us？10月10日星期天晚上8点我们在北京饭店举办晚宴，届时您和史密斯夫人能光临吗？③I hope that you have no previous engagement and can join us for the English Evening at 7：00 p．m. on February 1st. 若您无其他安排，敬请光临我们在2月1日晚7点举办的英语晚会。 (3)第三部分：表示期待和感谢①I do hope that you will be able to come. 殷切希望您能够光临。②We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your company. 如果您能出席我们将欣喜万分。 4.写作流程图 5.邀请信写作模板Dear ________， ①There will be a ________(内容)at/in________(地点)on ________(时间)．②We would be honored to have you there with us.③The occasion will start at ________(具体时间)．④This will be followed by a________(进一步的安排)．⑤At around________(时间), ________(另一个安排).⑥I really hope you can make it.⑦RSVP before ________(通知你的最后期限).Yours sincerely, ________
【跟踪训练】
假定你是李华，你校外教Smith任教期满即将回国，你们班同学将于明晚7点至9点在校礼堂为其举办一场特别的聚会。请你代表全班同学给Smith老师发一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。
注意：1.词数80左右(开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数)；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Smith，
We are all sorry to hear that you will leave our school.______________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
We are looking forward to seeing you.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Smith，
We__are__all____sorry__to__hear__that__you__will__leave__our__school.On behalf of my classmates，I appreciate all you have done to improve our English and to enable us to learn more about the outside world.You have really made a great difference to our lives.
To show our great love for you，we’re planning a special gathering，and I sincerely hope that you won’t miss it.It’ll be held from seven to nine tomorrow evening at the school hall.Besides，we have prepared some interesting programs for the party.
We__are__looking__forward__to__seeing__you.
Yours，
Li__Hua
(五)道歉信
典题感悟 参考范文
假定你是李明，前几天由于感冒发烧未能完成英语老师Mr. Chen布置的作业，请给他写一封信说明情况。内容包括：1.表达歉意；2.说明原因；3.保证补交作业。 注意：1.词数80左右，信的抬头和落款已给出，不计入总词数；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mr.Chen，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely，Li Ming Dear__Mr.Chen，I’m sorry to tell you I didn’t manage to finish the homework you assigned the other day，due to a sudden cold falling upon me.I was in hospital with a continuous fever，which thus prevented me from engaging in any academic activity.I’d appreciate it if you could grant me another two days for the task，as my health is getting better.I promise I’ll finish it in time.Hoping you can understand my situation and accept my apology.Yours__sincerely，Li__Ming
续 表
日常生活中难免会出现一些差错，如失约、损坏东西等。遇到这种情形，应及时写信致歉，以消除不必要的误解，维系正常的关系。道歉信除应及时写之外，还必须写得诚恳，歉意应发自内心，决不可敷衍塞责。再则，事情原委要解释清楚，措辞应当委婉贴切。 1.道歉信结构 道歉信通常包括三部分内容： (1)表示歉意，道歉的原因； (2)出现差错的原因，提出弥补措施； (3)请求原谅。语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实。好的道歉信不仅会取得对方的谅解，还会增进彼此的感情。2.道歉信中开头段常用句式和套话I am writing this letter to express my regret... 我写这封信是想表达我的遗憾……I am writing to apologize for... 我写信是为……道歉。I would like to give you my apology for... 我想为……向你道歉。I am very sorry to say that... 我很抱歉……I must apologize about (not) doing sth... 对于做了/没做……，我必须道歉。Please accept my sincere apology for... 请接受我对于……的真诚道歉。I am writing to say sorry for... 我写信是想对……说抱歉。I am terribly sorry, but... 我很抱歉，但是……3.道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. 我对于所造成的任何不便再次道歉。Please allow me to say sorry again. 请允许我再一次说抱歉。Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation. 希望你们能够接受我的道歉，理解我的处境。I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies. 我真诚地希望你能够站在我的位置想一想，并且接受我的道歉。 I want to let you know how regretful I am feeling now. 我想让你知道我现在感觉多么的遗憾。 I am sorry that I can’t... but trust that you will be able to understand. 很抱歉我不能……，但我相信，你会理解的。4.道歉信写作模板 模板1Dear ________，①I am truly sorry that ________(道歉的原因)．②The reason is that ________(介绍原因). ③Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. ④Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.Yours sincerely， ________ 模板2Dear ________，I am excessively sorry to say/tell you that ①________(直接表达自己不能实现先前的愿望或约定). ②Now, I am writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret ________(表达歉意). ③Please accept my sincere apology ________(诚恳希望对方能接受道歉). ④I fear you are displeased at ________(表达出自己的心情，并请求对方原谅)．⑤I hope you will understand me and excuse me for ________(过渡句). ⑥Let me explain(开始介绍道歉的原因). ⑦The reason for my delay/absence was that ________(阐述自己当时的处境和情况). ⑧I had no way out because ________(总结自己道歉的原因). ⑨Therefore it’s not in my power to ________(表明自己的被动). ⑩Naturally, I want to suggest ________(希望下次再次实现愿望). I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where you ________(约定下次约会的时间和地点).We may meet again and I hope to see you soon.Sincerely yours， ________ 写好道歉信的关键在于措辞要朴实委婉，语气要诚恳真挚，解释要详细明了。例如：“much to my regret”，“I’m excessively sorry”，“a feeling of deep regret”都是致歉之词，这就恰如其分地表达了写信人的真诚歉意。
【跟踪训练】
假设你是李华，你所在的学校的美国交流生David邀请你周末跟他朋友一起去露营。但是你舅舅一家周末要来你们家，所以你不能前往，请你给David写封道歉信。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear David，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__David，
How are you？Thank you for your invitation to go hiking and camping with your friends this weekend.Unfortunately, it is much to my regret that I cannot join you and your friends, because my uncle is visiting us this weekend. I haven’t seen my cousin for a long time so I think I’d better stay at home and show my cousin around.
I feel terribly sorry for missing such a happy get?together, and I hope that all of you enjoy a good time.With my sincere apology and thanks for your generosity, please send my regards to your friends.
Yours，
Li__Hua
(六)感谢信
典题感悟 参考范文
人生得意事，金榜题名时。此时的你，一定想和老师分享这份喜悦和感谢老师多年的辛苦栽培。假如你叫李华，得知自己考入北京大学之后，想要给外教John写一封英文信，内容包括：1.分享喜讯；2.感谢帮助；3.给予评价和祝福；4.谈谈今后的打算。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。Dear John，________________________________________________________________________Yours sincerely， Li Hua Dear__John，I’m now extremely excited to tell you that I have been admitted into Beijing University.Here I would like to say “millions of thanks” to you for helping me with my English during the past several years.You are one of the best teachers I have ever met.I still remember that you kept on working when you fell ill，which moved me deeply.I will never forget what you have taught me and make every effort to enrich my knowledge and improve my abilities at university so that I can serve the society well in the future.Best wishes！Yours__sincerely，Li__Hua
写作指导
感谢信是重要的礼仪文书，是向帮助、关心和支持过自己的集体或个人表示感谢的专业书信，有感谢和表扬双重意思。 感谢信的写法没有固定的格式，目的是为他人给予自己的帮助、安慰、款待以及赠送礼物等而表示感谢。 感谢信最主要的特点是真诚。缺乏真挚的感情答谢他人，收信人将对你的谢意产生怀疑，也就达不到感谢的目的。因此，写感谢信首先得真心诚意。感谢信另一个特点是具体。写感谢信切忌泛泛而谈，而应着重于具体的感谢事由。1.感谢信的写作格式主要分以下三个部分：(1)开头部分要明确对对方提供的帮助或赠送的礼物表示谢意； (2)主体部分则需列举对方提供的帮助，说明该帮助所起的作用，或表达对所收礼物的喜爱以及以后如何使用及收藏等；(3)结尾部分需再次表达诚挚的谢意并问候对方。2.有序组织要点 首先，应当友善地对对方的生活表示关心；其次，应明确陈述写信的目的，即致谢；然后，应肯定对方的帮助恰到好处；最后，应对对方给予的帮助再次表示感谢并表示良好的祝愿。 3.灵活把握时态 感谢信的正文中的时态灵活多变。通常，在提到对方曾经所给予的帮助时，应用过去时态；在提到对方的帮助所产生的实际效果时，可以使用现在完成时态；在涉及到现状时，应用一般现在时；在表达祝愿或希望时，使用一般将来时态。4.运用规范的语言 感谢信有其自身的特色语言，在行文的每一个环节也有一些常用句型。另外表示从对方的帮助中获益时，可以用多种句型表达，要让句式灵活多样，这样更能增强表达效果。 5.表达感激之情感谢信的主要目的在于向对方致谢，因此语言要诚挚、友善；在信的开头和结尾部分一般会使用Thank you very much for your kindness and deep concern或Thanks again and wish you all the best之类的语言表达感激之情。6.感谢信开头和文中常用表达：I am deeply grateful to you for your kind help.I can never thank you enough for the favor you did.I thank you from the bottom of my heart for your kindness.I have no words to thank you enough.Thank you very much for...I am writing this letter to thank you for...I am writing to express my sincere thanks for...I feel greatly indebted to you for...I really do not know how to express my gratitude for your help.I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for...I am writing to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me...I don’t know how to thank you for your kindness to me.I warmly appreciate for your hospitality.We are indebted to you for your help.With deepest gratitude I write you here few lines.I am extremely grateful to you for your kind help.I am much obliged to you for your kind assistance.I really appreciate your timely assistance.I am writing to express my gratitude for many kind deeds you have done for me.It is very considerate and generous of you to make such a good arrangement.Words fail me when I try to express the degree of my gratitude to you.
续 表
写作指导
7.感谢信结尾常用表达： Thanks again！I do appreciate it.I appreciate more than I can say.I must thank you again for your generous help.My true gratitude is beyond the word’s description.I feel most obliged to thank you once more.I am most grateful for your selfless donation.Please accept my gratitude as always.My thanks to you for your kindness and assistance when I．..—and my love for you, always！Be pleased to accept my warmest thanks for the great kindness you have shown to me.8.感谢信写作模板Dear ________， How about your life/study/work? I’m writing to express my thanks for your ________(感谢的原因). If it had not been your assistance in ________(对方给你的具体帮助), I fear that I would have been ________(没有对方帮助时的后果).During the ________， you gave me generous help and continuous guidance by ________. First, you ________．What’s more, you ________. There is still one thing that I can’t forget. That is ________. (原因)Thanks a lot for your kindness again. (再次致谢) Give my best regards to ________. (祝愿) Yours sincerely， ________
【跟踪训练】
假如你是一名失学儿童，名叫李华，你有幸得到在中国工作的Mr.Brown的资助，可以重返校园。请你给Mr.Brown写一封信，内容如下：
1．收到钱和书后能重返校园，非常感激；
2．在老师的帮助下，学习有了很大的进步，受到老师的表扬和鼓励；
3．决心更加努力学习，取得更大的进步。
注意：1.书信应包括以上所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mr.Brown，
I am writing to express my deepest gratitude for the money and books you sent me.I could not have returned to school without your help.Thank you so much.
I have been working hard since I went back to school.My teachers often praise me and encourage me, with the help of whom I have made great progress in my studies.I have made up my mind to study harder and make greater progress.
Thank you again for your generous help and best wishes!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(七)推荐信
典题感悟 参考范文
假定你是李华，听闻国外某网站要在全球范围内评选“The Most Qualified Student”(最美中学生)，请你用英语给该网站写一封推荐信。内容包括：1.介绍被推荐人(林扬)的基本信息；2.说明推荐理由。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Dear Editor，I’m a senior high school student and I happened to hear that your website was hosting an activity to select The Most Qualified Student. It is a great honour for me to introduce to you one of my best friends, Lin Yang.First of all, he, who is among the most diligent students in our school, not only studies hard, but also behaves well. Secondly, he stands out for his diverse hobbies, including painting and playing the violin. Last but not least, he is warm?hearted and willing to help others in need.Therefore, I recommend him to you with all my heart and I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.Yours sincerely，Li Hua
写作指导
推荐信是指向用人单位推荐优秀人才或向自己的熟人和朋友介绍某人去做某事，以便使之采纳的专用书信。1.文章结构 第一段：应该说明你和被推荐人的关系，包括你是怎么认识他/她的，还有你写这封推荐信的资格。 第二段：应该包括被推荐人的个人信息，说明他/她的资格、能力，还有你为他/她写推荐信的理由。如果有必要的话，可以分几段来描述细节。 第三段：你可以在这段中写一些与这个被推荐者综合素质有关的内容。总而言之，可以是这个人负责任、有礼貌、热情之类的特点。最后，你可以发表一下关于对这个人是否能胜任他将要寻找的工作的意见。
续 表
写作指导
2.推荐信的常用表达： (1)开头句：说明写作目的I am writing to you to recommend...for...I take great pleasure in recommending to you...as...I would like to present...for your consideration in your search for...I would like to recommend to you...It is a great honor for me to recommend to you...I take the pleasure in recommending to you...With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend ... as an ideal candidate. (2)结尾句：总结说明I am confident/convinced that ...I strongly recommend him to you with no reservation.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend her as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised. If he can join your company, he will give full play to his talent. And your company will also be greatly benefited. So I strongly recommend...to you.I hope you can give him a chance. I believe he will make a great contribution to your company. I hope that you would take my recommendation into consideration/account. 3.推荐信写作模板Dear ________，I take the pleasure in recommending to you __________(被推荐的人或物)．I hope you will be interested in ________(him/her).There are several reasons why I think ________ is a good choice. Firstly, ________(理由一). Secondly, ________(理由二). Last but not least, ________(理由三). In a word, ________(总结). I would be most grateful if you would like to consider my recommendation.Yours truly， ________
【跟踪训练】
假如你是王林。请写一封80词左右的推荐信向你同学布朗先生推荐你的好友李明到他公司工作。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
李明简况：
毕业于北京工业大学。他是一个热情、积极上进、具有很大潜力的年轻人。他的专业是计算机软件。在四年的学习中，他的功课非常优秀。每年他都获得一等奖学金，而且他已经获得了优秀毕业生的称号。
Dear Mr. Brown,
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
I strongly recommend him to your company.
Yours,
Wang Lin
One possible version：
Dear__Mr.Brown，
It is my pleasure to recommend Li Ming, my good friend, for his application to work in your company.Li Ming graduated from Beijing Industry University.His major is Computer Software.During the four years’ study he has done a good job.Every year he got the first grade scholarship.And he also has got the title of the Excellent Graduate.
He is an enthusiastic and progressive young man with high potentiality.He is not only quick at learning but also good at solving difficult problems.I am sure that it will benefit your company if he can work for it.
I__strongly__recommend__him__to__your__company.
Yours，
Wang__Lin
(八)祝贺信
典题感悟 参考范文
假定你是李华，得知你的外国笔友Peter获得了“汉语桥”世界大学生中文演讲比赛一等奖。你为他感到骄傲，并给他写一封祝贺信，要点如下： 1.天天练习讲汉语，从不会到流利，终于成功；2.希望见面和交流。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头语和结束语已为你写好，但不计入总词数。 参考词汇：“汉语桥”世界大学生中文演讲比赛 “Chinese Bridge” Chinese speech contestDear Peter，________________________________________________________________________Sincere congratulations to you again！Yours，Li Hua Dear__Peter，I would like to express my congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of “Chinese Bridge” Chinese speech contest. I know that you were not good at Chinese at first. However, you practiced speaking Chinese every day. As the saying goes, “Everything comes to him who waits”. Finally, you succeeded! In my mind, this match is very difficult for a foreign student. So I’m so surprised that you become champion of this competition. At last, I hope to see you and communicate with each other.Sincere__congratulations__to__you__again！Yours，Li__Hua
续 表
写作指导
日常生活中，无论是亲朋好友毕业、晋升、获奖、开业、还是订婚、结婚、生日，都需要写上一封信表示祝贺。信中应表示为对方高兴。祝贺信应当充满真诚和热情，收信人读后会感到喜悦和振奋。祝贺信既可以正式写，也可以随便写，具体视场合而定。对不太熟悉的朋友适合正式写，以表示礼貌和尊重；对熟悉的朋友则可以随便一些。但无论采用哪种方式，祝贺信必须表达由衷的感情，而且写信要及时。1.祝贺信常用表达：With very best wishes for a happy new year！May you come into a good fortune！Wishing you peace, joy and happiness through Christmas and the coming year.Best wishes for a happy birthday and a year of good luck, good health and happiness.Best wishes and hope you will have nothing but joy and happiness in your life together.Congratulations on your success in the national college entrance examination.Allow me to offer my heartiest congratulations on your new job. Congratulations on your recent promotion. I know that you will make good in your new job because you thrive on responsibility.2.祝贺信写作模板Dear ________， I have learned with delight that you ________. (获悉值得祝贺的消息，说出祝贺事由)I would like to extend to you my congratulations on ________．(表达祝贺) You must be very proud of your ________．(描述对方的心情)And I feel very happy for you.(表达自己的心情)________ is quite exciting news！(被祝贺人所取得的成绩)You are really ________．(对对方的赞美)I know this is surely owing to ________．(对方取得成绩的原因) It is a reward you richly deserve for your ________．(对对方取得成绩的肯定，说出被祝贺人的优点)With your ________， I am sure that you will be a success in whatever you undertake.(被祝贺人的优秀品质，表达对对方的祝福)Kindly let me know when you ________．(咨询对方的情况和时间)I hope ________．(表达愿望)My best wishes for your further success.(表达自己真诚的祝福)Sincerely yours， ________
【跟踪训练】
假如你是李华，你的好友魏芳在中学生英语演讲比赛中荣获一等奖。请你根据以下内容，给她写一封祝贺信。
内容包括：
1．表达你的愉悦心情；
2．向她表示祝贺；
3．请她介绍成功的经验。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数；
3．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：英语演讲比赛the English Speech Contest
Dear Wei Fang，
________________________________________________________________________
I will be grateful if you can write me back and give me your advice. I am looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear__Wei__Fang，
I hear that you have won first prize in the English Speech Contest of Middle School Students, so I’m writing to give my sincere congratulations.
You don’t know how excited I was when I heard the good news. As your best friend, I am proud of you! Your pronunciation and fluent English left me with deep impression. It came as no surprise to me that you won the contest. Could you share with me how you improve your spoken English? Your experience will be of great help to me in learning.
I__will__be__grateful__if__you__can__write__me__back__and__give__me__your__advice.__I__am__looking__forward__to__your__early__reply.
Yours，
Li__Hua
(九)申请信
典题感悟 参考范文
假如你是李华，从网上看到了美国的一家“孔子学院”在中国招聘教学助理的广告，欢迎中国学生参加。请用英语给该校负责人Miss Lee发一封电子邮件申请参加。内容主要包括：1.自我介绍(兴趣、特长)；2.参加意图；3.希望获准。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。________________________________________________________________________ Dear Miss Lee，
I’m writing to apply for a position working as a teaching assistant in your school as is advertised on the Internet. I am longing to get this job to better qualify myself and help others as well.For me，Chinese is my mother tongue and I’m excellent in it.Besides, having learned English for 9 years, I’m rather proficient in both spoken and written English. And I’m willing to help foreigners learn Chinese language and culture.I’d appreciate your consideration of my application.Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua
续 表
写作指导
申请信有很多种，比如求职申请、加入某组织或活动的申请、报考申请、留学申请等，其目的在于让对方了解自己的经验、能力、成就以及愿望等，所以个人情况的介绍应该是申请信的核心内容，应尽可能地向对方说明自己的长处，以便留下好印象，获得面试的机会。由于此类题目常有较多的文字提示，写作时除应注意格式上的要求外，也应注意审题全面，不能遗漏要点，并要注意人称和时态的变化，避免出现逻辑混乱。 1.常用表达：I am writing to express my interest in your recently advertised position for... 我写信告知您我对您近来广告上登出的招聘……的职位的信息感兴趣。 I learned from the newspaper that your company wanted to hire a/an... 我在报纸上看到你们公司要招聘一名……I have the education and the experience that fit your advertised position. 我受的教育和拥有的经验符合你广告上登出的招聘职位的要求。I am confident that I’m suitable for.../I’m qualified to do.../I’m equal to doing... 我确信，我适合……/我有做……的资格。/我能胜任做……I work hard and I can get along/on well with others. 我工作努力，能和别人友好相处。I’m good at English and my spoken English is fairly good. 我擅长英语，我的口语相当好。I can understand English and I can talk to foreigners in English freely. 我懂英语，还能自如地用英语和外国人谈话。 If you think I am the perfect person for the job, please write to me or call me. 如果你认为我是这个工作的最佳人选，请给我写信或打电话。I would be very grateful if you could offer me the necessary forms and any information about... 如果您能给我提供必要的表格和有关……的任何信息，我将不胜感激。I’ll appreciate it if I am offered the chance. I am sure I can be of great help for you. 如果能得到这个机会，我将不胜感激。我确信我能对你有所帮助。2.写作流程图：3.申请信写作模板：Dear Sir/Madam，I’m ________．(简单自我介绍) When I was reading the advertisement，________．(表达看到相关广告后的感受) I think it’s a good opportunity for me to ________．(应聘的原因)Therefore, I recommend myself to you without hesitation.I ________．(陈述本人的性格优势)For one thing, I can ________．(陈述本人特长一) For another thing, I can __________．(陈述本人特长二)Please contact me at ________ (你的联系方式一：电话号码). Or email me at ________(你的联系方式二：电子邮箱).I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua
【跟踪训练】
假定你是李明，你校学生会正在招募中英文化交流志愿者，为来你校访问的英国朋友提供志愿者服务。你想成为其中一员，请根据下列要求用英语写一封申请信，内容包括：
1．对志愿者工作的认识；
2．你能承担的工作及理由。
注意：1.词数80左右，开头已给出，但不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir，
I’m Li Ming.I am eager to be a volunteer for China?UK cultural exchanges.___________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Ming
One possible version：
Dear__Sir，
I’m__Li__Ming.I__am__eager__to__be__a__volunteer__for__China?UK__cultural__exchanges.As for me，being a volunteer is a way to spread love and strengthen the relationship between the two nations.Meanwhile，it can bring out the best qualities in me by helping foreign friends，thus making myself a better person.
With a good command of English and great patience，I will make a good guide for foreign friends.Besides，I’ve worked as a voluntary guide before，so I know what to expect and how to deal with the possible problems.
Hope my application will meet with your approval.
Yours，
Li__Ming
日 记
日记是用来记录一天中所发生的有意义的、值得记录的事件。在日记中，人们会对事件发表议论，阐述一下自己的态度或体会。日记中所记录的事情可以是自己的直接经历也可以是描述他人的事情。日记的种类有很多种，从体裁角度，可以分为记事型日记和议论型日记。记事型日记是以某种顺序描述某一件事情发生发展的过程。而议论型日记是针对当天的某一事件或某一现象表明自己的看法或态度。
日记的篇章结构可以从以下几个角度入手：首先要对所发生的事件或现象进行描述。按照事件发展的先后顺序进行，适当添加对天气或景物或心情的描述。其次要发表感想或议论，针对事件进行感悟或议论性的描述，以使文章有所立意。最后要对未来提出展望或推测，或表示决心、态度、观点、意图、希望等。
典题感悟 参考范文
假设你叫李华，在星期天(12月6日)与同学刘韵一起去参观了湖南省博物馆，请根据下列要点写一篇日记，并发表自己的感想。1.早上8点与刘韵一起坐车到了博物馆；2.博物馆不收取门票；3.参观了著名的马王堆汉墓以及其他文物；4.你的感想。 注意：1.不要逐条翻译，注意行文连贯；2.词数80左右。 参考词汇：湖南省博物馆Hunan Provincial Museum; 马王堆汉墓Mawangdui Han Tombs________________________________________________________________________ December 6th, Sunday SunnyToday my classmate Liu Yun and I paid a visit to Hunan Provincial Museum. We arrived there at 8 o’clock in the morning. To our delight, the museum is free of charge.We spent a whole morning walking around the museum and enjoyed the exhibitions very much, especially the Mawangdui Han Tombs. In addition, we saw many cultural relics in the museum, such as paintings in Ming and Qing dynasties.We had a good day in the museum, which not only enriched our knowledge but also led us through history to appreciate the mystery and magnificence of Chinese civilization.
写作指导
日记是用来叙述一天生活中所发生的事情或用来抒发自己对当天某些事情的感受以及将来的打算的一种应用文体。写好英文日记要注意以下几点：1.日记的格式：主要指日期、天气情况和正文。日期一般写在正文的左上角，它包括年、月、日和星期几，天气情况一般写在正文的右上角。 (1)日期表达有多种形式。年、月、日都写时，通常以月、日、年为顺序，月份可以缩写，日和年用逗号隔开。例如： ①September 1，2018或September 1st，2018也可省略写成Sept. 1，2018或Sept. 1st，2018；the 1st of September in 2018(月份不可以缩写) ②只有月、日：September 1或September 1st(月份可以缩写) ③只有年、月：September 2018或the September of 2018(月份不可以缩写) 以上的1或1st都应读作the first。 (2)星期也可以省略不写，可将其放在日期前或后，星期也可缩写。如： Sunday, October 21st, 2018；October 21st，2018 Sunday。 (3)天气情况必不可少。天气一般用一个形容词如：Sunny, Fine, Rainy, Snowy 等表示。写在日期之后，位于日记的右上角。2.日记的时态：由于日记是对当天所发生事情的回顾，故常用一般过去时。在发表议论或感想时，也可使用现在完成时或一般将来时。3.日记的人称：因为日记是记载自己的亲身经历，故应用第一人称，语言尽量口语化，按照事情发生的先后顺序，清楚、准确、连贯地把事情表达出来。4.日记一般按事情发生的先后顺序记述，所以常需借助一些表示先后顺序的词语，如at first, then, later on, afterwards, finally, at last等。一定要注意句与句、段与段之间的连接和过渡，适当使用一些过渡词语使其连接紧凑、过渡自然。5.确立日记的中心要点，尽量突出主题，可以通过对某个细节、某个侧面的描写来突出主题，千万不要写成一个流水账。
【跟踪训练】
根据下面的提示，写一则日记。
1．日期：3月26日、星期五
2．天气：多云
3．今天下午上课的时候，你总是开小差，因为总是想着晚上8点要去看电影。但在放学回家的路上，你遇到了一个迷路的孩子，你把他送回了家。你虽然没有能够看上电影，但是心里却十分高兴。
4．词数：80左右。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Friday, March 26Cloudy
This afternoon, I was often absent?minded in class because I was eager to see the new film, which would be shown at 8：00 p．m.
On the way home, I saw a little child standing by the roadside crying. Obviously, he had lost his way.Forgetting all about the film, I went up to him and sent him home.His parents were very glad to find their lost child back and thanked me again and again.
I missed the film.However, I felt very happy.
海 报
海报是应用文中的一种文体， 它是一种精心修饰的宣传告示， 内容多是以大众喜闻乐见的消息， 如影讯、展览、演出信息、友谊赛等为主。为了尽可能使更多的人看到， 海报是贴在人来人往而且非常醒目的位置或固定的宣传栏内， 有时还配以绘画图案及照片等吸引观众。
典题感悟 参考范文
根据下面提示为“绿叶”有机蔬菜生产基地写一篇介绍性海报。1.坐落在城西；2.历经20年已经发展成占地1 000多亩的大农场；3.配备有现代化的设施；4.生产过程中不使用任何化肥；5.富含营养；6.产品出口几十个国家； 7.联系方式：Tel：666?888?123；E?mail：GreenLeaf@GreenLeaf.com。________________________________________________________________________ Have you ever dreamt of eating green vegetables without chemical fertilizer every day? Please go to Green Leaf—an organic vegetable base.Located in the west of the city，it has expanded to a farm covering an area of more than 1，000 mu in the past two decades.It has been equipped with advanced facilities.What makes it different from others is that the vegetables here are grown without any chemical fertilizer.The rich soil makes these vegetables full of nutrition; as a result, it is exported into many countries in the world.If you are interested, please contact us in the following ways.Tel: 666?888?123.E?mail：GreenLeaf@GreenLeaf.com.
________________________________________________________________________
写作指导
1.海报的写法(1)海报不需要太多的修饰语。应开门见山， 直奔主题。 (2)正确使用人称、时态和语态。海报一般用第三人称， 邀请性的语句用第二人称；时态多为一般现在时。 (3)海报一定要有明确的时间、地点和主要活动内容。 (4)注意海报的语言特征。文中可以用些鼓动性的词语， 但不可夸大事实；海报文字要求简洁明了， 篇幅要短小精悍。2.海报的结构海报一般由标题、正文和落款三部分组成。 (1)海报的标题是海报最显眼的一部分，其写法较多，可单独在第一行中间写上“海报”字样；一般写在海报上方正中处，也可直接用活动的内容作题目标题可以反映海报的核心内容，如Football Match，Lecture，Film News等，也可直接写POSTER。 (2)海报的正文要写明具体活动内容、时间、地点，以及规定、要求、组织者等。海报内容的表现形式比较自由，根据实际情况和表达效果的需要可以成一段落，也可逐项按行说明。 (3)落款。海报要写明主办单位名称以及发出海报的日期。海报的署名一般在右下角，日期在署名的下一行。正文已把有关内容写清楚了，可以不设结尾。有的结尾还加上一些吸引人的口号。如“售完即止！勿失良机”之类。
【跟踪训练】
假如你们学校邀请了俞敏洪本周五来学校给同学们做演讲， 请你以学校学生会主席的名义， 依据下列要点， 写一张英文海报：
要点：1.简要介绍俞敏洪(新东方学校创始人， 北京大学毕业等)；
2．演讲主题(中文和英文的异同);
3．其他事项(演讲的地点、注意事项等)。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节， 以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Boys and Girls,
I have a piece of good news to tell you! It is a great honor for our school to invite Yu Minhong to give us a lecture
this Friday, whose topic is__________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The Student Union
Mar. 2，2018
One possible version：
Boys__and__Girls,__
I__have__a__piece__of__good__news__to__tell__you!__It__is__a__great__honor__for__our__school__to__invite__Yu__Minhong__to__give__us__a__lecture__this__Friday,____whose__topic__is “the differences and similarities between Chinese and English”．As we all know, Yu Minhong, the founder of New Oriental School, graduated from Beijing University and has been teaching English for years.The lecture will be held on the playground of our school.It will start from 9：30 to 11：30.After the lecture, you will also have some time to raise your questions.Time permitting, some students can also communicate with him face to face.So good a lecture, it deserves your listening, so you should not miss it.
The__Student__Union
Mar.__2,____2018
倡议书
倡议书是个人或集体提出建议并公开发起，希望共同完成某项任务或开展某项公益活动所运用的一种专用书信。
倡议书的特点：倡议书是发动群众开展竞赛的一种手段，倡议书的特点具体来讲具有以下几个方面。
(一)倡议书的群众性 倡议书不是对某个人、某一集体、或某一单位而言的，它往往面向广大群众，或对一个部门的所有人发出，或对一个地区的所有人发出，甚至向全国发出。所以其对象广泛的群众性是倡议书的根本特征。
(二)倡议书对象的不确定性 倡议书是要求广大群众响应的，然而其对象范围往往是不定的。它即便是在文中明确了自己的具体对象，但实际上有关人员可以表示响应，也可以不表示响应，它本身不具有很强的约束力。而与此无关的别的群众团体却可以有所响应。
(三)倡议书的公开性 倡议书就是一种广而告之的书信。它就是要让广大的人民群众知道了解，从而激起更多的人响应，以期在最大的范围内引起共鸣。
典题感悟 参考范文
假如你是某中学的学生会主席王东，为了配合环保教育主题活动，请根据下面所给提示，用英语写一封倡议书，内容包括： 1.环保措施和美化城市的措施(各2条)； 2.你的希望。 注意：1.词数：80左右；2.文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3.注意文章的整体连贯。 Dear friends，In order to make the environment more beautiful, we should_______________________________________________________________________Thank you！ Wang Dong Dear__friends，In__order__to__make__the__environment__more__beautiful,__we__should do what we can to protect it. First, we should plant more trees and flowers to make our city more beautiful. Also, always remember not to throw rubbish or pour waste water everywhere. As we all know, water is becoming less and less. So it’s quite necessary to save water. For example, turn the tap off after washing. Last, but not the least, we’d better ride a bike or walk when going out instead of driving a car. In my opinion, if everyone tries his best to protect the environment, our city will become nicer and cleaner！Thank__you！Wang__Dong
写作指导
倡议书属于应用文的一种，由标题、称呼、正文、结尾、落款五部分组成。一般用将来时或一般现在时。题目常会给出标题、称呼、结尾、落款这四部分，考生只需完成正文即可。这类写作的正文包括倡议的目的、内容以及呼吁。 倡议书是公开提倡某种做法，倡导某项活动，鼓动别人响应的一种信函文书。倡议书分为个人倡议书和集体倡议书两种。倡议书的结构为： 第一部分：正文的开头。简明扼要地写出倡议的目的、意义和有关背景，让人们懂得“为什么”要去做所倡议的活动。只有了解、理解了活动的目的、意义，人们才会自觉地行动起来。否则，就会让人莫名其妙，就很难让人响应。 第二部分：正文的主体。写倡议的主要内容和具体措施，即写“做什么”和“怎么做”。这是倡议书的核心部分。这部分最好用条款式分别列出，交代清楚，让响应者有所遵循，清楚要做什么和怎么去做。要写得明确、清晰。 第三部分：结尾。写倡议者的决心和希望。这部分要写得热情洋溢，富于鼓舞性。最好能提出一个能概括全文主 旨的响亮、有力的口号，让响应者容易记住倡议的主要内容，又受到鼓舞。1.段首常用语：(1)I think/suggest we should... (2)In my opinion, we had better... (3)In order to..., I advise... (4)It is required that we...2.段中常用语： (1)I’m calling for your active participation in... (2)Do you cherish precious opportunities to volunteer in... (3)I think we should follow the following advice. (4)Here is a great one not to be missed by any enthusiastic youth.3.段尾常用语： (1)It’s time that we should do something to... (2)Let’s join our hands and take action immediately. (3)In my opinion, we should be polite and spare no efforts to do something... (4)Only in this way can we make a great success.
【跟踪训练】
假设你是学校学生会的一员，为了拥有一个更美好的校园，你发出了全员环保的倡议，并制作了如下图的海报。
请根据海报内容写一份80词左右的倡议书，内容包括：
1．环保是我们中学生义不容辞的责任；
2．列出我们可以养成的环保好习惯；
3．让我们人人都为地球母亲尽一份绵薄之力吧。
Dear friends,
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
The Students’ Union
One possible version：
Dear__friends，
Do you want to live in a beautiful world？To fulfill our obligation to protect the environment, we are supposed to follow the following ecological codes.To begin with, it is suggested/advised that we stick to the habit of walking to school.In addition, it would be a good idea if we recycle everything recyclable and cherish our school’s environment by picking up any litter and turning off the taps and the lights.In a word, it is high time that we should contribute to the prosperity of our mother, the earth.
Thank__you!
The__Students’__Union
通 知
通知一般用于上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达事情及召集会议等。通知就其形式而言， 可分为书面通知和口头通知两种。对通知的考查侧重于对通知格式及通知正文时态的应用等方面。
典题感悟 参考范文
假设你是高二(3)班班长李华，你班将举办“英语读书日(English Book Day)” 活动。请你根据以下内容，用英语写一份书面通知。 活动目的：激发英语阅读兴趣，营造英语学习氛围。 活动时间：10月8日 活动地点：高二(3)班教室 活动内容：1.每人推荐一本英文好书；2.交流英文读书经验。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Notice________________________________________________________________________Li Hua Notice The “English Book Day” activity is to be held on October 8th in the classroom of Class Three，Grade Two.Every one of our class is expected to be part of the event which aims to arouse students’ interest in reading English books and create an English learning atmosphere.During the activity，we each need to recommend a good English book and share our experience of reading English books.Come on，everybody! It’s our chance to be emerged in the pleasure of enjoying English books.Li__Hua
写作指导
通知有多种分类。从形式上可分为书面通知(written notice)和口头通知(announcement)。书面通知强调语句简练， 用词贴切， 用语书面化；而口头通知比较灵活简练， 用词表达可随便些， 较为口语化。1.通知的结构 通知一般由标题、正文和结尾三部分组成。标题部分包括常用标题语和发出通知的单位名称；正文包括事情、通知对象、要求、时间(有时还包括地点)等；结尾部分主要包括发通知的具体日期。英文通知的格式一般是将NOTICE(每个字母都大写)写在通知正文上面一行的正中间。发出通知的单位名称可以写在NOTICE上面， 也可以写在通知正文的右下角；发通知的日期一般写在通知正文的右下角。 2.通知的写作要点 (1)发出通知的单位和对象在一般情况下用第三人称， 如要求同学们按时到达， 不说 “We must...” 或 “You should...”， 而应写成：All the students are requested to be there on time.。 (2)在句式写法上必须注意以下几点：①尽可能用精炼的文字表达明确的信息， 多用简单句或短句、单句， 以避免繁杂；②通知往往着重对活动内容、对象进行说明， 多用被动语态， 如 “The class meeting will be held...” (班会将举行……)等等；③通知是要求下级成员该做什么或注意什么， 多用祈使句；④通知中所告知的事情大部分是未进行的， 故多用将来时态。
续 表
写作指导
(3)通知在开头需要交代说明何事(what)、何地(where)、何时(when)、何人(who)。 简而言之， 一份好的书面通知应具备以下三点：①四多一少。四多：被动语态多， 将来时态多， 简单句多， 祈使句多。一少：修饰性词语少。②通知的开头要交代清楚活动的内容、对象、时间和地点。我们称之为四 “W” , 即：what, who, when, where。③层次清晰。一个层次表达一件事， 切忌在一个句子中表达多件事情。3.通知的常用表达(1)称呼语：Dear classmates/schoolmates, Ladies and gentlemen，Boys and girls, Dear friends, Dear comrades， (2)常用开头语：Attention, please.May I have your attention, please？I have good news for you all. I have an announcement to make.Please be quiet, everyone! I have something important to tell you.Attention, please! I have something important to tell you.(仅用于口头通知) (3)中间内容常用句型：①There is going to be /We are going to have/We’ve decided to hold a meeting in Room 3 at half past four this afternoon.(先地点后时间)②The report is on how to learn English which will be given by Mr.Smith, who comes from America./Mr.Smith will give us a report on how to learn English.He comes from America.③As you know, it is a good chance for us English learners to know more about English.④Please take your notebooks with you, make notes during the report and write down what you need. ⑤We’ll have a discussion in classes after the report.Please get ready for it./Please prepare for it.⑥Please turn/shut/switch off your cellphone/mobile phone during the report in case it interrupts others.⑦Please tell it to each other, get there on time and don’t be late for it. (4)常用结束语：That’s all.Thank you (for your attention).Please atte(共40张PPT)
生物
第3板块 书面表达
专题五 书面表达
层级三 题型应对策略
第三讲 概要写作
because
not succeed
of great importance
be given
本部分内容讲解结束
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高考怎么考
透析命题,掌握规律》
考题怎么做
高效点拨,助力冲刺》
Who
速读归纳中心
What
How
点睛句式概括
提炼分层要点)具体信息概括
相异要点根据
概括性词汇
写作高分技巧
好坷以总结性词汇
构词法拓展
逻辑承接词
知识成就辉煌
地道句式表达
好句式|精炼句中句
非谓语动词短语
同义异构
切忌摘抄原句整合再造
第三讲 概要写作
一、命题特点
概要写作是一种新型的写作模式，既对学生的写作能力有一定的要求，也对学生的阅读能力有一定的要求，能够有效突破传统英语写作的局限性。
该题型主要考查考生对大段阅读文字的概括能力，如考查考生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力。同时，考查考生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。进行概要写作时，考生要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词或句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心。考生要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表达出来。
根据《考试说明》，读后续写和概要写作两种题型交替使用。浙江2016年10月高考和2017年6月高考均为读后续写，下次高考考概要写作的可能性比较大。
二、题型特点
根据《考试说明》，概要写作题型的命题形式为：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
概要写作属于限制性写作。它是阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合。所给短文的文体以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。概要写作旨在考查考生的阅读理解能力和概括运用英语语言知识的能力。
随着新课改的全面实施，高中英语写作课堂教学模式也需要进行改革，教师不仅要培养学生的英语写作能力，还要提高学生的思维能力和语言应用能力。本文在此基础上引入“概要写作”这种新型课堂模式，并对这种课堂模式的应用步骤做出详细的分析。
(2019·浙江卷6月)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“ We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal, ”says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case?by?case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
概要写作要注意每段归纳主题句和关键词，然后通过词汇替换，句式转变等多种方式，改写要点，注意一定要用自己的语言，不可以完全照搬照抄原文；然后，添加衔接词，使得要点之间能够通顺、流畅；最后要注意单词拼写不要出现错误，大小写和标点符号也是关键，还要注意词数的控制，不要少于40词或多于80词。本文的要点可以归纳如下：要点1，如今，父母总是给孩子们太多的赞扬，希望增强他们的自信，但是这可能会产生相反的效果；要点2，然而，父母不表扬他们的孩子同样有损孩子的自信心；要点3，因此，专家认为，父母应该因为努力过程而赞扬孩子，而不是因为事情的结果；要点4，同时，孩子如果做事尽职尽责，确实值得被赞扬。总之，你能给的赞扬程度应取决于他们的努力程度。
Nowadays, parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children, hoping to boost their confidence, but it may produce the opposite effect. However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self?confidence. Therefore, experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result. Meanwhile, kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty. Anyway, the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work.
1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3)上下文的连贯性；
(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6．如书写较差以致影响阅读，可将分数降低一个档次。
理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。
一、解题步骤
1．解读文本，提取关键词
概要写作就是浓缩文章的一个过程，首先要解读文本，并且要遵循整体阅读的阅读原则，把握文章的整体结构，然后提取关键词。关键词的提取在概要写作中发挥着重要的作用，因此要尽可能保证其准确性。如果关键词提取把握不准，将会导致一步错即步步错。首先将文章中的衔接词标注出来，并且对文章的整体结构进行梳理。
(1)语篇中并不是每一个段落都有主题句，因此不能有依赖主题句而去找主题句的意识，有些段落没有主题句，就应当寻找关键词。
(2)即使语篇段落中有主题句，而且主题句很明显，但是主题句的替换难度比关键词的替换难度要大，因此，如果对主题句有过度的依赖，思维方面会受到严重的限制。
(3)从主题句中提取出来的关键词，经过还原之后会发现，经常会出现还原后的要点在表述和覆盖上面欠缺完整性。基于此类原因，我们要对语篇关键词和主题句的提取加以重视，从以下两个方面着手：
①直接提取。有些文本中主题句很明显，而且对于目标和要点也进行了精准的概括，这时候就可以采取直接提取法，从主题句中提取关键词。如北京卷的：The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. In the 4th century B．C., painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold?out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain(抱怨) about his lack of privacy. Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film?stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.“The phenomenon of...and websites do.”这一段就将整篇文章的目标要点详细概述出主题句是开头的第一句即“The phenomenon of...for ages.”我们可以直接从这一句中提取关键词，如“for ages”和“tracking celebrities”，除此之外，还要提取语篇当中的衔接词，如“in the 4th century”，“the 1920s and 1930s”等，这些词将下文中的时间信息精准概括起来，利用这些关键词，可以有效还原原文的脉络。
②间接整合。如果语篇中没有明显的主题句，而且关键词也不集中，在文本结构中比较分散，这个时候，可以筛选段落中的关键词并进行整合。如四川卷中的Generally, people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions(互动) such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.这一部分中有很多重要的关键词，但是没有主题句子，即使有较多的衔接词如“but”，“generally”也并未有多大的作用，这时候就应当进行间接整合，提取这一部分中的关键词，如“is let out”，“social interactions”以及“negative”等。
2．扩词成句
扩词成句是概要写作的最基本要求，在这个过程中，我们应用推理对关键词和主题句进行反复的推敲，争取还原的要点与原文的要点守恒，既不多也不少。一般还原包含两个部分，一是简单句，二是复合句。简单句可以利用同义词替换，即在提取关键词之后，对其进行简单的扩充，将关键词变成简单的句子，这样不仅保证表达的要点不变，还使替换后的语篇在句子表达上面更加丰富。对于复合句，在关键词扩充成句的基础上再用一些合适的连接词进行连接，既丰富了句子的表达形式，又保证了句子的结构连贯、完整。
3．增添色彩，使语篇更加丰富
提取关键词并对关键词进行扩词组句之后，接下来就要将这些句子自然衔接起来，使文章结构和谐。通过增加连接词、采用连接句以及应用篇章结构等方式，突出文章的要点，使文章读起来流畅。
二、解题流程
1．细读原文。首先要仔细阅读所给短文，掌握文章主旨和结构，明确各段的大意。
2．弄清要求。概要写作是写全文的概要，不是写某一部分的概要，也不是单就某些问题写出要点。
3．列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4．动笔前五定：
(1)定体裁：通过阅读原文确定写作体裁。
(2)定主题：根据原文中的内容确定文章的主题。
(3)定时态：如果材料是过去时，那么基本时态用过去时；如果材料是现在时，那么基本时态就用现在时。
(4)定人称：一般情况下用第三人称写作。特殊情况，如书信可用第一、第二人称。
(5)定技巧：结合相关技巧，重新组句。
牢记词数要求，使用地道表达。明确写作词数的上下限、采用高级或精简句式浓缩多个信息点于一句中，高度概括所给文章内容。弄清写作任务中的人称和时态，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。
(1)概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。基本上就是段落大意。每段一句话概括或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括。
(3)注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地罗列一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
(4)不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
(5)计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。以40－80词为宜。
(6)概要写作中的三忌：忌照抄原文；忌私加观点；忌不符字数。
三、高分技巧
四、常用方法
1．同义替换法
I didn’t catch any fish owing to the fact that I was not patient.
→I didn’t catch any fish because I was not patient.
2．正反法
You will fail.→You will not__succeed．
3．词性转换法
Patience is very important.→Patience is of__great__importance．
4．句式变换法
语态变换：
Parents should give children more praise.
→Children should be__given more praise.
简单句变复合句：
Children should be encouraged more.This will help them learn faster.
→Children should be encouraged more, which will help them learn faster.
Children are given more praise.They will achieve more success.
→When given more praise, children will achieve more success.
5．连词衔接法
注意使用一些短而精的连词， 如but, and, so, while, however, then, thus, yet, for, therefore, including, instead of等。
We should encourage students.We should not scold them.
→We should encourage students instead of scolding them.
巧设加分点， 想办法为作文加分
(1)多使用各种连词， 使文章更为连贯。
顺接、递进：firstly/secondly/thirdly, besides, in addition, what’s more, what’s worse, what’s more important, moreover, also, finally, last but not least
转折：but, however, nevertheless, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, while
原因：because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to
结果：so, therefore, as a result, so that, then, so...that, such...that
总结：to sum up, to conclude, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking
(2)多使用高级词汇、 句式和短语进行变换， 不要重复使用一个句式和短语。同时要注意避免常见错误：
不要为了减少句数而不断使用逗号， 可以通过从句、 连词、 非谓语等来减少句数。
如：It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields.
6．词序改变法
The secret of success was patience.
→Patience was the secret of success.
7．细节省略法
Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead.
→Don’t scold and give praise instead.
8．句意理解法
Shopping on the Internet is becoming increasingly popular.
→More and more people prefer Internet shopping.
五、写作模板
1．记叙文概要写作模板
点明写作目的类：
The writer tells us...(主题)by showing us an example of..., who/which...(故事情节)
作者经历类：
In the passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of doing sth., which...
他人经历类：
This passage is mainly about sb.’s experience of doing sth...
2．议论文概要写作模板
The article gives the view that...should/shouldn’t...(主题)．..(补充论据)
The passage highlights the importance of sth...
The author argues that...
3．说明文概要写作模板
现象解释类：
This article points out the common phenomenon...(主题), which...(补充解释)
利弊对比类：
The article compares the disadvantages/benefits of A and B.
The passage discusses the impact of sth.On the positive side..., but it may also...
研究显示类：
The study reveals that...
The purpose of the report is to show that...
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In schools and at home，most of us have been scolded or even got punished for daydreaming.The majority of people say that by daydreaming we waste our time and energy in something that is nothing less than unproductive things.But many medical studies have showed something different.They’ve stressed on the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination power，creativity and situation?handling technique.In fact，many problems can be easily solved if we daydream.
The topmost benefit of daydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement.By separating yourself from the world around you，you tend to enjoy the aloneness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something that calms your senses.When you start imagining things while daydreaming，you tend to forget all the stress and tension.Instead，you get happiness from it and this happiness changes into a source of energy that helps you work in a good mood.
Many psychologists have said that people who daydream tend to have a sharper memory.It’s true that when you’re daydreaming，you tend to get carried away to imagining various situations，either real or unreal.You tend to act differently in different situations，trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams.When your mind gets satisfied，you’re in a better position to concentrate more on your work.Since daydreaming activates the nerves of your brain，you tend to have higher attentiveness and your ability to remember things develop.
When you daydream，you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore，you get to know yourself better.You also start realizing the mistakes you’ve made in life and you start trying your best to avoid repeating them.Such imagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul.
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One possible version：
Most people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However，that’s not the case.Many medical studies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. First of all，daydreaming can improve your mood. What’s more，it helps develop your memory. Last but not least，daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.
概要写作(一)
(建议用时：每篇25分钟)
A
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Works of literature can be written in a wide variety of forms.These different types or sorts of writing are known as genre(类型)．We can classify literary works by what they have in common—their styles or what they are about，for example.On a simple level，organizing works of literature into genres helps us understand the variety of literary works.
Prose writing can be divided into two main types: fiction and non?fiction.Fiction includes stories that are made up by the author.They are not true in a factual sense but they may be based on scientific，historical or geographic facts.Within the broad area of fiction，we can distinguish two main types: realistic fiction and historical fiction.
Realistic fiction includes stories that are set in the contemporary world and are about people and events that could happen.Most best?sellers are of this style.Realistic fiction itself has many subdivisions(划分) such as crime fiction，adventure stories and romantic stories.Stories set in the past and based on historical facts are historical fiction.Some of the characters in the stories are imaginary，while others may be real people from the past.Much of this type of fiction centers on wars or political events.
Non?fiction books are based on facts and include genres such as biography，history，popular science and reference works such as dictionaries.
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One possible version：
Different types of literary works can be called genres.(要点1) For example，fiction can be divided into two main types.(要点2) Stories in realistic fiction are about events that could happen in the contemporary world，while historical fiction is about stories that are based on historical facts.(要点3)Non?fiction books are written according to facts.(要点4)
B
(2019·湖州检测)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
While many of us go to sleep before midnight, some teenagers choose to stay up much later. They are not driven by the burning desire to write a better essay or achieve a higher grade. Instead, they are busy playing online games. Known as young Internet addicts, they have long been a problem in China. A report released by the China Youth Association for Network Development showed that there were over 24 million young Internet addicts among China’s young urban Internet users. The report also said that over 18 million youth had a tendency to develop Internet addiction.
To deal with the problem of Internet addiction among teenagers, the Cyberspace Administration of China released draft regulations in January which carried out a ban on online gaming. If the regulations are adopted, under?18s would be banned from playing online games between midnight and 8 a．m.
As soon as the government’s draft law surfaced, it drew great attention from the public. Some applauded the law as a way to better protect minors(未成年人), saying that too much overnight gaming is harmful to minors’ health and believing the period between midnight and 8 a．m. to be vital to human physical functions.However, others wondered whether it would be practicable if it came into effect, as minors could just borrow their parents’ IDs to register accounts to play online games. The Guangming Daily suggested that parents should help their teenagers find a balance between the cyber world and the real world.
China is by no means the only one trying to fight against teenage gaming addiction. Germany introduced a regulation in an attempt to stop minors from playing online games from 10 p．m. to 6 a．m. Meanwhile, the U．K., the U．S. and Australia have forced a rating system on computer games to make sure that teenagers cannot access“adult”content such as violence, sex or bad language.
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One possible version：
Many teenagers in China have become addicted to overnight online games.(要点1) Thus, the government released a draft law to solve the long?lasting issue.(要点2) Some people welcomed the law because it is beneficial to teenagers’ health, while others doubted whether it would be effective.(要点3) Actually, many other countries have also been making laws against the youth online addiction.(要点4)
C
阅读下面短文， 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Computers have changed the way a business functions to a large extent.In the past，corporate houses rented spaces for running accounting departments.It took months together to figure out profit or loss that a business had made or suffered.However，computers have become the backbone of all businesses now.Today，computers are used beyond bookkeeping(记账) purposes too.Almost everything that happens in an organization is recorded，worked upon and evaluated with the help of computers.
Imagining our lives without computers is next to impossible.Computers were initially used only in workplaces.However，they soon became a household name，which revolutionized everything from school homework to grocery shopping.When the Internet came into being，it caused a great change in the way we functioned.Over a period of time，computers enabled working from home，which created a new type of employment.This gave usage of computers，within the confines(界限) of homes，a new part.As technology progressed，simple things such as shopping，booking tickets，buying a new house，searching for schools and colleges，researching for projects and medical information became a lot easier with entry of computers in every household.
As an indispensable tool in our lives，computers have changed the way we think in more ways than one.Today，all you have to do about finding answers is just “Google it”！ The online world of blogging，instant messaging，chatting and social networking not only leaves virtual traces，but unites the world in a completely unimagined way.This powerful medium is the great mode of mass communication which affects our thinking by providing people with a platform to voice their opinions and begin discussions that have brought about a change in the world.
Computers have pushed us to see different worlds and experience different cultures.The revolution in Egypt is the latest example of how computers changed the world.Today the identity of information technology is computers.Invention of this machine has changed the world’s perspective about cultures，economics，history and current affairs.The advent(到来) of computers has no doubt brought a revolutionary change in our existence.
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One possible version：
Computers have brought great changes in our lives for the past few years.(要点1)Firstly，computers have changed the traditional way that people do business greatly.(要点2) Secondly，computers have become an important part of our lives and benefited us in many ways.(要点3)Besides，computers have changed our way of thinking.(要点4) More importantly，computers allow us to experience different cultures without leaving home.(要点5)In conclusion，computers have been one of the greatest inventions.(要点6)
D
阅读下面短文， 根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Winter sports can help you burn calories，increase your cardiovascular fitness，and strengthen muscles.Being outdoors and getting exercise are great for your mental health.Exercise boosts mood，and sunlight seems to help beat back the winter blues.So slap on some sunblock and go.
Winter is a great time to experiment with new sports.If you like to walk，keep walking on snowshoes.If you want to try an endurance sport，go for cross?country skiing.And snowboarding is just plain fun.Runners can also train during the winter，although beware of wet or slippery roads.Or slip on a pair of snowshoes.One of the easiest sports around，snowshoeing can be excellent cold?weather cross?training for runners and cyclists—or anyone wanting to take a wintry walk in the woods.
Whatever sport you choose，don’t rely on a friend for instruction.You wouldn’t let an amateur perform brain surgery on you；why let one teach you to ski or skate？That’s what instructors are for—to help newcomers start out right.Instructors can give you advice about equipment，techniques，safety，and dealing with injuries if they do happen to you.
It’s tempting for an eager athlete to advance too quickly through learning the ropes.Resist the temptation.If you want to progress，invest your time in learning the basics thoroughly.Everything else you do as a skier，boarder，or skater will be built on these first skills.
Play safely by figuring out what special equipment and safety gear you’ll need.Planning an afternoon of snowshoeing or cross?country skiing？Pack water，snacks，fruit，and extra socks.If you’re going out for a long time，keep your water bottle insulated from the cold so it doesn’t freeze.
Don’t head out onto the slopes or into remote country areas alone.Always go with a buddy and tell a friend what time you plan on returning.If you get in trouble and don’t show up when you are supposed to，your friend has your back.
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One possible version：
Winter sports can not only strengthen your physical body，but also benefit your mental health.(要点1) While there are many new sports in winter you can experiment with, you should know some basic skills, and don’t rely on a friend for instruction.(要点2) To play safely，you should figure out the special equipment and safety gear you’ll need, and shouldn’t go out alone to faraway places.(要点3)
概要写作(二)
(建议用时：每篇25分钟)
A
(2019·杭州高三模拟)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the U．S. and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends.Meanwhile，they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school，according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)．Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.
These school buses meet more of the nation’s motor vehicle safety standards than any other vehicle on the road. Also，several new technologies available today are making school buses even safer，such as video cameras on the inside and outside，stop arm cameras, GPS tracking and collision lessening systems.Another safety tool on school buses is high seat backs，closely?spaced seats and energy?absorbing seating.
But even the safeness of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big，yellow bus.The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. All drivers must obtain a Class B or C Commercial Driver’s License(CDL)．They are randomly tested for alcohol and drugs，usually have their driving record checked，and are given the same review for criminal history as teachers and other employees who have contact with students.In order to serve as a school bus driver，most applicants are required to successfully complete a training course, along with instruction in the classroom and behind the wheel.
School buses are safe for the environment，not only because each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would，but for the buses，be on the road taking and picking up school children.Additionally，school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas，and electric power.
Todd Monteferrario，President of the National School Transportation Association，said parents should remember that the safest and smartest choice is to put their children on the big yellow bus when they can.
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One possible version：
The school bus is the safest and wisest choice to school in the U．S. for the following reasons.(要点1) Firstly, school buses not only meet high vehicle safety standards but also are technologically equipped.(要点2) Secondly, the bus drivers have to pass strict qualification tests and safety driving training.(要点3) Thirdly, school buses, powered by green fuels, are environmentally safe by reducing the number of private cars hitting the roads.(要点4) Therefore, children are encouraged to go to school by school bus.(要点5)
B
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As a high school basketball coach，I did all I could to help the boys win the matches.To win every match was the goal.However，something following a match，in which I worked as a referee(裁判)，changed my opinion on wins.It was a basketball game between New Rochelle and Yonkers High in New York.
New Rochelle was coached by Dan O’Brein，while Yonkers by Les Beck.The stadium was crowded with people.The match was well played.Yonkers was leading by one point as I looked at the clock and discovered there were but 30 seconds left.
Yonkers，having the ball，passed the ball，shot，and missed.New Rochelle recovered the ball，passed the ball，and shot.The ball rolled around the rim(边) but fell off the rim.The fans shouted.New Rochelle，the home team，recovered the ball，and tapped it in.I glanced(瞥见) at the clock and saw that the game was over.The noise was loud.I hadn’t heard the final bell because of it.I checked with the other referee，but he couldn’t help me.
I went to the time keeper，a young man of 17 or so.He said，“Mr. Smith，the bell went off as the ball rolled off the rim.”
I had to tell Coach O’Brein the sad news.“Dan，” I said，“Time ran out before the final basket was tapped in.Yonkers won the game.”
His face clouded over.The young timekeeper came up.He said，“I’m sorry，Dad.Time ran out before the final basket.”
In a short time，like the sun coming out from behind a cloud，Coach O’Brein’s face lit up.He smiled，“That’s OK，Joe.You did what you should do.I’m proud of you.”
Then he turned to me with a proud smile on his face and said，“He’s my son，Joe.”
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One possible version：
A basketball game in New York changed my opinion on wins when I served as a referee.(要点1) At the end of the close game，(要点2) the home team seemed to have tapped the ball in the last moment and won the game.(要点3) But that was denied by a young time keeper, who turned out to be the son of a colleague referee’s.(要点4) He made his father extremely proud despite the disappointment at the game result.(要点5)
C
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
In 1971 we were living in Wichita，Kansas—Lincoln was about seven，Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby.Mom was staying with us during the holidays.On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late.I was totally alone with my thoughts，alternating between joy and sorrow，and I started to think about my paper route(往返送报)，that tree，what my mother had said to me and how Dad had tried to make things better.
I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom.She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea—which was her treatment for just about everything.As she waited for the water to boil，she walked into the living room and discovered me there.She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading.When I told her，she asked if I would read it to her and I did.
When the kettle began to whistle，she went and made her tea.She came back，and we started to talk.I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much.It got very quiet for a moment and then she said，“Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money？”
“Yes，” I said.“I’ve just been thinking about it, you know.”
She hesitated for a long moment，as though she were on the verge of something that was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take surgery to get it out.Finally，great tears started down her face and she cried，“Oh，son，please forgive me.”
“That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty?five years.I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said.”
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One possible version：
The passage tells us one of the author’s talks with his mother.(要点1) One Christmas Eve, both the author and his mother couldn’t fall asleep because they remembered something happened 25 years ago when the author bought a tree with his paper route money.(要点2) His mother remembered what she said that day to his father and felt sorry for that.(要点3)
D
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Peter loved to shop used articles. Almost a month ago，he bought a popular word game that used little pieces of wood with different letters on them.As he was purchasing it，the salesgirl said，“Oh，look，the game box hasn’t even been opened yet.That might be worth some money.”
Peter examined the box and，sure enough，it was completely covered in factory?sealed plastic.And he saw a date of 1973 on the back of the box.
“You should put that up for auction(拍卖) on the Internet，and see what happens，” the salesgirl said.
“Yes，you’re right.People like something rare，”Peter agreed，“I can’t imagine there being very many unopened boxes of this game still around 40 years later.”
“Don’t forget to tell me if you sell it，” the salesgirl smiled.
“No problem，” Peter said.
After he got home，Peter went online to several auction websites looking for his game.But he couldn’t find it.Then he typed in the name of the word game and hit search.The search result was 543 websites containing information about the changes of the game.Over the years，the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors.He also found some lists of game fans looking for various versions of the game.Peter emailed some of them，telling them what he had.
Two weeks later，Peter went back to the shop.
“Hello.Do you still remember the unopened word game？”
The salesgirl looked at him for a second，then recognized him and said，“Oh，hi！”
“I’ve got something for you，” Peter said.“I sold the game and made D|S1，000.Thank you for your suggestion.” He handed her three D|S100 bills.
“Wow！” the salesgirl cried out，“Thank you.I never expected it.”
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One possible version：
One month ago，Peter bought a word game and found it was made about 40 years ago and hadn’t been opened yet，which means it was rare and valuable.(要点1) He followed the salesgirl’s suggestion and put it for auction on the Internet.(要点2) The word game was sold at D|S1，000 and Peter gave the salesgirl D|S300 in return.(要点3)
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(共45张PPT)
生物
第3板块 书面表达
专题五 书面表达
层级三 题型应对策略
第二讲 读后续写
本部分内容讲解结束
按ESC键退出全屏播放
高考怎么考
透析命题,掌握规律》
考题怎么做
高效点拨,助力冲刺》
第二讲 读后续写
一、命题特点
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查考生的综合语言运用能力。读后续写——给出前文，写后文。理论上来说，前文用于阅读输入信息，信息经过大脑思维转换后，形成对前文的理解，理解一定是建立在确定主旨大意，明确前文作者态度和关键信息的前提下，在大脑思维中建立一个对前文的理解框架和概括，在此基础上，继续建立顺序思维，确定接下来在理解前文的基础上如何安排下面继续可能或者应该出现的内容，续写部分内容不仅要求词汇和语言框架的准确使用、 语言的润色等，更重要的是，你要明白你应该如何整理续写内容，以使得其和前文形成统一连贯的、能够表述完整信息的表达内容。续写是读和写的统一，之间穿插了对阅读能力、概括能力、思维转化能力、语言领悟能力、语言组织能力、创造性思维能力，以及对上下文逻辑关系的掌握等的考查。
续写对于前文文本的选择应该是脉络清晰，能够为不同层次考生根据不同能力确认主旨信息的文本。前文的选择一定既要信息完整，可以提炼观点，又要为下面的续写留有余地，考验命题者的选文判断能力。
高质量地完成读后续写最重要的是要通过大量阅读信息的输入，形成一定的阅读思维能力。沉淀思维，归纳信息，梳理脉络，转换思维，那么阅读的思维能力注定会迅速提升，对续写的前文的理解是这一题型的最关键部分，否则后面的续写就不会有任何形成思维的信息输入，也就谈不上输出了！多读，多思维，多沉淀，多拓展，这是应对读后续写的重要环节！
二、题型特点
读后续写的阅读材料一般以350词以内的记叙文和夹叙夹议文为主，偶有少量议论文。考生要在此文的后面接着续写约150词左右的文字与前文构成一个完整的故事。一般来说，记叙文浅显易懂，但故事情节多曲折动人，故事线索的逻辑性也较强。要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。情节曲折跌宕，线索性和逻辑性较强。考生要抓住故事的叙事线索，依据原文的写作思路续写文章，并适当发散。写作要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，在规定时间内展开合理的想象，并运用所学的英语知识完成一篇约150词左右的续写。原文给出10处左右的标有下划线的关键词语，所续写短文应使用5个以上。续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已经给出。
考生所续写的部分要有创新性，不是原文的抄写或胡编乱造，同时，还要带有原文色彩(必须使用原文5处以上的关键词语)。
续写一般分为两类：半开放性续写和完全开放性续写。半开放性续写要求考生务必根据文章的逻辑推理续写。完全开放性续写则要求考生依据文章的思路自由发挥。续写时要尽可能与原材料的中心思想和语言风格上保持一致。
读后续写不是随心所欲地写，而是要在所给段落开头和所标出关键词的帮助下完成续写部分(150词左右)。其中，段落开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向某个方面发展，所续写部分不能脱离各自的段落开头语另起炉灶，要在其基础上进行拓展发挥。
读后续写要求读写并重，需要考生对给定材料精确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言，读后续写有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断，如：What would happen next?
续写部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可根据自己对上文材料的理解，对文章的结尾做出不同的诠释。
(2018·浙江卷6月)阅读下面短文， 根据所给情节进行续写， 使之构成一个完整的故事。
It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque，a big city in the state of New Mexico.We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon.Uncle__Paul,__my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle.My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm__house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said.After breakfast，I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.
In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long as my dad went with me.I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.So，my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats，got on our horses，and headed slowly towards the mountains.“Don’t be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you don’t get__lost！”“OK！”my dad cried back.After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight．It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.____________________________
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We had no idea where we were and it got dark._________________________________
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Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse. However, it became scared and started to run like crazy. All this coming, without warning, I was seized by fear. “Don’t let go the rope! Keep calm！” yelled Dad. I followed what he told me to. To my relief, it stopped slowly. But before we jumped off the horses, we found that we had been off the beaten track and got__lost.
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We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Exhausted and hungry, I wondered if we could find our way back. I kept shouting for help, hoping my shouts could be heard by someone, but there was no reply. Dad sounded a little worried as he reminded me to calm down. It was then that my mind raced. “Listen, Dad, the rushing river water，” I shouted excitedly, “we can return to the farm__house down the river．” Before long, we caught sight of the lights in the distance. We knew we were safe. What a thrilling vacation, like never before, we had!
(2017·浙江卷11月)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A Vacation with My Mother
I had an interesting childhood. It was filled with surprises and amusements, all because of my mother—loving, sweet, yet absent?minded and forgetful. One strange family trip we took when I was eleven tells a lot about her.
My two sets of grandparents lived in Colorado and North Dakota, and my parents decided to spend a few weeks driving to those states and seeing all the sights along the way. As the first day of our trip approached, David,__my eight?year?old brother, and I unwillingly said good?bye to all of our friends. Who knew if we’d ever see them again? Finally, the moment of our departure arrived, and we loaded suitcases, books, games, camping equipment, and a tent into the car and bravely drove off. We bravely drove off again two hours later after we’d returned home to get the purse and traveler’s checks Mom had forgotten.
David and I were always a little nervous when using gas station bathrooms if Mom was driving while Dad slept: “You stand outside the door and play lookout(放哨) while I go, and I’ll stand outside the door and play lookout while you go.” I had terrible pictures in my mind：“Honey, where are the kids？”“What？！ Oh, Gosh...I thought they were being awfully quiet.” We were never actually left behind in a strange city, but we weren’t about to take any chances.
On the fourth or fifth night, we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time, Mom suddenly got a great idea: Why didn’t we find a house with a likely?looking backyard and ask if we could set up tent there? David and I became nervous. To our great relief, Dad turned down the idea. Mom never could understand our objections(反对). If a strange family showed up on her front doorstep, Mom would have been delighted. She thinks everyone in the world is as nice as she is. We finally found a vacancy in the next town.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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The next day we remembered the brand?new tent we brought with us.________________________________________________________________________
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We drove through several states and saw lots of sights along the way.________________________________________________________________________
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The next day we remembered the brand?new tent we brought with us. We were happy to see it still packed, and hoped it would be packed forever. However, things came to its turning point. Mom lost Dad in the gas station when we were sleeping. What’s worse, as the dark approached, we met the same trouble again. Fearful as Mom was, she decided to camp near the road waiting for Dad. The wind cried widely like a monster. Tears took control of us. Mom embraced us tightly singing a smooth song, which really relaxed us. We didn’t met Dad in the last few days, but we felt comfortable staying with Mom.
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We drove through several states and saw lots of sights along the way. The tent became a closer friend then. Every time we camped, Mom would read a book or sing a soft song. The warmth of her arms never faded away in my memory. Though she was forgetful，laughter accompanied us along the way. We finally met poor Dad in our destination. This trip made me realize that love may have many ways, but it can always warm people in the dark.
一、写作步骤
1．读文：精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜(结尾)”。确定文章体裁和题材(话题)。注意文中的关键词，也就是故事中的时间、地点、人物和事件。
2．审题：仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生做到“心中有数”。
3．谋段：先仔细阅读续写部分所给出的两段段首文字，再构思这两段要写的段落大意。根据确定好的段落大意，选出每一段可能要用到的原文中带下划线的关键词。结合这些关键词，确定每一段的写作要点。这两段加起来要能写出10到15个句子，以满足续写词数要求。
4．回扣：回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
5．初写：拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。写作时要注意所用的人称和时态要与原材料一致。标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语(5个以上)。另外，还要注意尽可能地减少表达上的语法错误。如果遇到语言上的表述困难，可多参考原阅读材料中的有关语句。
6．定稿：写好初稿后，考生要结合原材料中故事线索读一读自己续写的内容。既要确保不出现与原材料相矛盾的地方，又要做到内容上前后连贯，语句通顺。标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。
二、续写方法
1．精读所给语言材料，理清文章脉络并明确作者的论点，确定文章主旨。
2．寻求前文与续写段段首句之间的内在联系，站在作者的角度，设计并发展情节，想象要合理，情节要连贯。
3．后续情节一般为故事的高潮或延续，是原作者声音的延续、态度的延伸，因此，要尽量符合原文思路，并求得与读者的心理共鸣，让读者回味无穷。
4．续写时心态要端正，所续写内容要积极、健康向上，把事物美好的一面展示出来。
5．利用自己已有的知识和经验，在继承原作者风格和语言基础之上，准确、地道地表达，充分展示语言的表现力。提高关联词与过渡语的使用率，增强整句表现力。
6．如果所给短文为议论文，那么议论文中的段落首句多为主题句，观点鲜明。续写时，要围绕段落分论点确定论证方法，如正反对比、例证等。
三、 评分原则
1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据所续写短文的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
4．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对文章的影响程度予以考虑。
5．如书写较差以致影响文章，可将分数降低一个档次。
6．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
(2)内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况；
(3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
(4)上下文的连贯性。
各档次的给分范围和要求
档次 描述
第五档 (21－25) ——与所给短文融洽度高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接合理。——内容丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。——所使用语法结构和词汇丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。——有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第四档 (16－20) ——与所给短文融洽度较高，与所提供各段落开头语衔接较为合理。——内容比较丰富，应用了5个以上短文中标出的关键词语。——所使用语法结构和词汇较为丰富、准确，可能有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。——比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所续写短文结构紧凑。
第三档(11－15) ——与所给短文关系较为密切，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。——写出了若干有关内容，应用了4个以上短文中标出的关键词语。——应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求，虽有一些错误，但不影响意义表达。——应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
第二档 (6－10) ——与所给短文有一定的关系，与所提供各段落开头语有一定程度的衔接。——写出了一些有关内容，应用了3个以上短文中标出的关键词语。——语法结构单调，词汇项目有限，有一些语法结构和词汇方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。——较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
第一档 (1－5) ——与所提供短文和开头语的衔接较差。——写出内容太少，很少使用短文中标出的关键词语。——语法结构单调，词汇项目很有限，有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。——缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
0 白卷、内容太少无法评判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
四、备考建议
面对读后续写这一新写作题型，在了解了其特点和写作技巧之后，考生只要加以适度练习，便可以对此新题型做到得心应手。
1．充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读理解或者完形填空。考生在做此类文章的试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停止，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾，最后对照原文的结尾，看自己的设想是否与原文一致。
2．经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
3．与传统写作类似，续写文章更加要注意句与句之间的连接词，甚至是冠词的暗示作用。
4．进行适度专题化练习。俗话说，熟能生巧。对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此。通过适度地练习，可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色，更好地掌握该种题型的写作技巧，更有效地调动传统写作的基础知识，从而写出一篇优美的续写短文。
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
For decades before my mother’s diagnosis(诊断) of Alzheimer’s in 2001, we had suffered a tense relationship born from her alcoholism. When I learned she had Alzheimer’s, my hope for reconciliation(言归于好) and forgiveness disappeared—along with her abilities to think.
But the world of Alzheimer’s is full of surprises! As Mom’s disease progressed, the ways I had disappointed her disappeared from her consciousness, and our struggles over my healthy life choices that differed from hers effortlessly ended. In her“now”， I was her kind, loving companion.
My faithful presence was all that mattered to her; and for the first time in my life, I felt whole?heartedly accepted by my mom—just exactly as I am. The wounds from the past began to heal in the arms of a mother who loved me in the present.
For our relationship to truly heal,__my acceptance of Mom was also essential. Having learned about the process of decline determined by Alzheimer’s, I acknowledged her limitations. I let go of expecting her to be the mother I had always wanted, and accepted the mother whole?heartedly she now was. After doing this, I noticed that she had, in many ways, become the mother I needed.
Because I didn’t expect, demand, or want Mom to be anyone other than who she was at each moment, she became the one person who could never let me down. I gratefully received__whatever she offered, not asking for more. From this viewpoint, I realized just how much Mom was still able to give—including important things a daughter needs from her mother. For example, I trusted that she would be available to me(she was living in a secure memory care unit) whenever I was sad or stressed and needed a hug—from my mom. She was always happy to see me. Always. And she let me know that I was appreciated—through looks, smiles, touches, and sounds.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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Perhaps Mom lacked the ability to intentionally mother me in these ways._____________
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I also believe she couldn’t possibly enjoy the excitement and laughs on her own. But how I wish Mom could speak._______________________________________________________
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One possible version：
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Perhaps Mom lacked the ability to intentionally mother me in these ways. However, I, in turn, received such comfort, protection and love that only a mother could give. We watched TV together; we had a program from my childhood that she also liked to watch but this time it was as if our roles were reversed—I understood everything and she rejoiced every time I did. Every time I laughed or cried she squeezed my hand or gave me a kiss on the cheek. She was just so happy to share in the experience.
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I also believe she couldn’t possibly enjoy the excitement and laughs on her own. But how I wish Mom could speak.“Gracie is such a silly girl，”I laughed and mom squeezed my hand and smiled.“Falling down ditches and getting in trouble with the boys，”I cried, rubbing mom’s nose and receiving a Gracie laugh in return. All done with gentleness, compassion, and reverence for the complete trust of me that was reflected in her eyes. I’m not sure which one of us was healed more by what felt like an experience of “mutual mothering”．
读后续写(一)
(建议用时：每篇25分钟)
A
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Somewhere，sometime，there lived a rich man whose name was Kadish．He had an only son called Atzel．Kadish had a distant relative，an orphan(孤儿) girl，called Aksah．Atzel was a tall boy with black hair and black eyes.Aksah had blue eyes and golden hair.Both were about the same age.As children，they ate together，studied together，and played together.It was taken for granted that when they grew up they would get__married．
But when they had grown up，Atzel suddenly became ill.It was a__sickness no one had ever heard of before. Atzel imagined that he was dead.
How did such an idea come to him? It seems he had had an old nurse who always told stories about paradise(天堂)．She had told him that in paradise it was not necessary to work or to study.In paradise one ate the meat of wild oxen(牛) and whales; one slept late into the day; and one had no__duties．
Atzel was lazy by nature.He hated to get up early and to study.He knew that one day he would have to take over his__father’s__business and he did not want to.
Since the only way to get to paradise was to die，he had made up his mind to do just that as quickly as possible.He thought about it so much that soon he began to imagine that he was dead.
Of course his__parents became terribly worried.Aksah cried in secret.The__family did everything possible to try to convince(使相信) Atzel that he was still alive，but he refused to believe them.He would say，“Why don’t you bury me? You see that I am dead.Because of you I cannot get to paradise.”
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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Many doctors were called in to examine Atzel.___________________________________
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The wise man took a look at Atzel and called out，“Why do you keep a dead body in the house? Why don’t you make a funeral(葬礼)？”___________________________________________
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One possible version：
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Many doctors were called in to examine Atzel. They tried all methods they knew to make Atzel believe that he was alive. They pointed out that he was talking and eating while dead people could do neither. But before long, Atzel began to eat less, and he hardly spoke. The__family feared that he would die soon. So Aksah went to ask a wise man for help.
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The wise man took a look at Atzel and called out. “Why do you keep a dead body in the house? Why don’t you make a funeral (葬礼)？”Hearing these words, Atzel smiled and said, “You see, I was right.” His__parents became terribly frightened. But Aksah persuaded them to follow the wise man’s idea and made a funeral for their son immediately. Then the wise man suggested preparing a room like paradise for Atzel to move in. They made life in paradise as boring as possible according to the wise man. Soon, Atzel got fed up and started to miss his parents and Aksah. Several days later, Atzel finally realized that it was much better to be alive．
B
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
I grew up in the shadow of Yankee Stadium and just fell in love with baseball.
When Roger came to the New York Yankees from the Kansas City Athletics in 1960, I was eleven. I had been burned in a fire in__August,__so I was laid up for a while and followed baseball even more closely. I remembered a headline that said Roger refreshed the__Yankees. It made me think this Roger was someone special.
For me, there was something about the way he swung the__bat,__the way he played right field and the way he looked. I had an idol. In 1961 the entire country was wrapped up in the home?run race between Maris and Mickey Mantle and Babe Ruth’s ghost. I cut out every single article on Roger and told myself that when I got older and could afford it, I would have my scrapbooks(剪贴簿) professionally bound(装有封面的).
I usually sat in Section 31, Row 162?A, Seat 1 in Yankee Stadium. Right field. I would buy a general admission ticket, but I knew the policeman,__so I would switch over to the reserved seat, and that one was frequently empty.
I’d get to the stadium about two hours before it opened. I would see Roger park his car, and I would say hello and tell him what a big fan I was. After a while, he started to notice me. One day he threw me a baseball during__batting__practice,__and I was so surprised that I couldn’t lift my arms. Somebody else got the ball. So Roger spoke to Linz,__a utility infielder, and Linz came over, took a ball out of his pocket and said，“Put out your hand. This is from Roger.”
After that, my friends kept pushing me，“Why don’t you ask him for one of his home?run bats？”Finally, when Roger was standing by__the__fence,__I made the request. He said，“Sure. Next time I break one.”
This was in 1965. The Yankees had a West Coast trip, and I was listening to their game against the Los Angeles Angels on the radio late one night, and Roger cracked a bat.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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When the club came back to town, my friend and I went to the stadium，________________________________________________________________________
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I waited in the box?seat area to the left of the rest place.________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
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When the club came back to town, my friend and I went to the stadium, and during__batting__practice Roger walked straight over to me and said，“I’ve got the__bat for you.”I said，“Oh, my God, I can’t thank you enough.”Before the game, I went to the rest place. I stepped up to the great big policeman stationed there and poured my heart out，“You have to understand, please understand, Roger told me to come here！”
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I waited in the box?seat area to the left of the rest place. Then, during batting practice, I told Linz that I wanted to see Roger, my idol. He agreed. When I saw Roger walking up the runway with a bat in his hand, I was so excited that I almost fell. I didn’t know what he was thinking seeing a kid hanging upside down, but when he handed me the bat, it was one of the most exciting moments in my young life.
C
(2019·浙江金丽衢十二校高三联考)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A long time ago，there was a huge apple tree.A little boy loved to come and play around it everyday.He climbed to the top，ate the apples，took a nap under the shadow...He loved the tree and the tree loved to play__with him.
Time went by...The little boy had grown up and he no__longer played around the tree every day.
One day，the boy came back to the tree，looking quite sad．“Come and play with me，”the tree asked the boy.“I am no longer a kid.I don’t play around trees anymore.”The boy replied，“I want toys.I need money to buy them.” “Sorry，but I don’t have money...but you can pick all my apples and sell them.So you will have money.” The boy was so excited. He grabbed all the apples on the tree and left happily. The boy never came back after he picked the apples. The tree was sad.
One day，the boy returned and the tree was so excited.“Come and play with me！” the tree said. “I don’t have time to play.I have to work for my family. We need a house for shelter.Can you help me？” “Sorry，but I don’t have a house.But you can chop off my branches to build your house.” So the boy cut all the branches off the tree and left happily.The tree was glad to see him happy but the boy never came back since then.The tree was lonely and sad again.
One hot summer day，the boy returned and the tree was delighted.“Come and play with me！” the tree said.“I am sad and getting tired．I want to go sailing to relax myself.Can you give me a boat？” “Use my trunk to build your boat.You can sail far away and be happy．” So the boy cut the tree trunk to make a boat.He went sailing and never showed__up for a long time.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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Finally，the boy returned after he left for so many years.________________________________________________________________________
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This is a story of everyone.The tree is actually our parents.________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
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Finally, the boy returned after he left for so many years. “Sorry, my boy. But I don’t have anything for you anymore. No more apples,__no more branches__and no more trunk. The only thing left is my dying roots，” the tree said with tears. “I don’t need much now, just a place to rest. I’m tired after all these years.” The boy replied. “Good! Old tree root is, just a place to rest. Come, sit down with me and rest.” The boy sat down and the tree smiled with tears...
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This is a story of everyone. The tree is actually our parents. When we were young, we loved to play__with__Mom and Dad, when we grow up, we leave them and only come when we need something or when we’re sad. No matter what happen, parents are always there and ready to give everything they have to make us happy. You may think that the boy is cruel to the tree but that’s how all of us treating our parents.
读后续写(二)
(建议用时：每篇25分钟)
A
(2019·金华十校高三调研)阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
There was once a beautiful town and a couple of lovers would often stay together on the top of the mountain enjoying__the__sunrise and by the sea appreciating the__sunset．Everyone who knew them could not help envying them for their happy love.
But one day，the man was severely injured and lying in bed in hospital for several days without any consciousness．The woman guarded him by the bed in daytime，calling his name nonstop while at night，she would go to the__church and pray to God until her tears ran out.
A week passed by and the man was still sleeping.One day，God was finally moved by her love and persistence and would like to do her a special favor.
God said，“I can help your lover recover quickly on the condition that you should promise to be a butterfly for three years.Do you agree with the deal？” She said excitedly and firmly，“Yes，I do! I won’t regret doing that.”
The next day，the woman became a beautiful butterfly，flying hurriedly to the hospital.It turned out that the man came to his consciousness and woke up，talking with a doctor.She could not hear what they were talking about because she could not fly into the house.What she could do was watch her beloved through the windows helplessly.
Another spring came and the__butterfly was in a hurry to fly back to see the man，only to realize that there was a pretty lady standing by him.At that moment，she was so shocked that she almost fell down from the sky.She could hardly believe her eyes.
People were talking about that the man was seriously ill during Christmas and that the pretty and cute female doctor took good care of him and that finally they fell in sweet love.
The butterfly felt heart?stricken．In the following days，she often saw the man take the woman to the top of the mountain to enjoy the sunrise and to the seaside to enjoy the sunset together.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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The butterfly knew that all these should have belonged to her，but now they belonged to another woman.She could do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off and on.________________________________________________________________________
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God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly，“Do you regret for what you have done？”________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
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The butterfly knew that all these should have belonged to her, but now they belonged to another woman.She could do nothing but rest on the man’s shoulder off and on. On the last day of the third year when the deal between God and the__butterfly was almost over, the man held a wedding with his girlfriend. The__church was crowded with people. The butterfly flew into the church quietly and rested on the shoulder of God, listening to the man’s promise to the bride and seeing him put a ring on her finger and kiss her sweetly. The butterfly was sad in tears．
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God also felt sad and sighed to the butterfly，“Do you regret for what you have done？”The butterfly cleaned her tears on the face, “No.” God felt a bit relieved and said, “Tomorrow you can become human again.” But she shook her head and said, “No, I want to be a butterfly for the rest of my life...” Then the butterfly would stay together with her lover forever. On the top of the mountain, she seemed to enjoy__the__sunrise and the__sunset happily together with them.
B
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A merchant sent his son to learn the__secret__of__happiness__from the wisest of men.__The__young__man__wandered through the desert for forty days until he reached a beautiful castle__at the top of a mountain.There lived the__wise__man that the young man was looking for.
However，instead of finding a holy man，our hero entered a room and saw a great deal of activity: merchants coming and going，people chatting in the corners，a band playing sweet music，and there was a table with different kinds of delicious food on it.The wise man talked to everybody，and the young man had to wait for two hours until it was time for his audience.
The wise man listened attentively to the reason for the boy’s visit，but told him that at that moment he did not have the time to explain to him the secret of happiness.He offered his suggestion__that the young man take a walk around his castle and come back in two hours’ time.
“However，I want to ask you a favor，” he added，handing the boy a teaspoon，in which he poured two__drops__of__oil. “While you walk，carry this spoon and don’t let the oil spill(溢出)”．
The young man began to walk around the castle，always keeping his eyes fixed on the spoon.At the end of two hours he returned to the presence of the wise man.
“So，” asked the wise man，“did you see the beautiful curtains hanging from the windows of my dining room? Did you see the garden that the master of gardeners took ten years to create？Did you notice the beautiful furniture in my library？”
Embarrassed，the young man admitted that he had seen nothing.His only concern was not to spill the drops of oil the wise man had given him.
“So, go back and see the wonders of my world，” said the wise man.“You can’t trust a man if you don’t know his house.”
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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Now more at case，the young man took the spoon and walked around the castle again.________________________________________________________________________
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“But where are the two drops of oil I gave you？” asked the wise man.________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
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Now more at ease, the young man took the spoon and walked around the castle again. This time he paid attention to all the works of art that hung from the ceiling and walls. The__young__man saw the gardens, the mountains all around the palace, the delicacy of the flowers, the taste with which each work of art was placed in its cupboard. Returning to the__wise__man,__he reported in detail all that he had seen.
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“But where are the two drops of oil I gave you？” asked the wise man. Looking down at the spoon, the young man realized that he had spilled the oil. “Well, that is the only advice I have to give you，” said the wise man. “The__secret__of__happiness lies in looking at all the wonders of the world and never forgetting the two__drops__of__oil in the spoon．”
C
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Once upon a time, two brothers who lived on neighboring farms fell into conflict. It was the first serious disagreement in forty years of farming side by side, sharing machinery, and trading labour and goods as needed without a hitch. Then the long cooperation fell__apart. It began with a small misunderstanding and then grew into a major difference, and finally it exploded into an exchange of bitter words followed by weeks of silence．
One morning, there was a knock on John’s door. He opened it to find a man with a carpenter’s toolbox.“I’m looking for a few days’ work，”he said.“Perhaps you have a few jobs here and there. Could I help you？”“Yes，”said John.“I do have a job for you. Look across the small creek at that farm. That’s my neighbor. In fact, it’s my younger__brother. Last week there was a meadow between us and he took his bulldozer(推土机)there and now there is a creek between us. Well, he may have done this to annoy me but I’ll do better. See that pile of wood by the barn(谷仓)? I want you to build__a__fence—an 8?feet?high fence—so I won’t need to see his place anymore.”The carpenter said，“I think I understand the situation. Show me the nails and hole digger and I’ll be able to do a job that please you.”The older brother had to go to the town for supplies, so he helped the carpenter get everything ready and then he left．
The carpenter worked__hard all that day measuring, sawing and nailing the bridge. At sunset when John returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. John’s eyes opened wide, his jaw dropped.
注意：
1．所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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There was no fence at all. It was a bridge! ________________________________________________________________________
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They turned to see the carpenter lift the toolbox onto his shoulder.________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
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There was no fence at all. It was a bridge! A bridge stretched from one side of the creek to the other! John was about to complain about everything when he found the__neighbor,__his younger__brother,__was coming across the bridge, his hands outstretched.“You are quite a fellow to build this bridge after all I have said and done，”said John’s brother. The two brothers met in the middle, taking each other’s hand and hugging each other.
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They turned to see the carpenter lift the toolbox onto his shoulder.“No, wait! Stay a few more days. We have more jobs for you，”said the older brother.“I’d love to stay on，”the carpenter said，“but I have many more bridges to build.”Observing the carpenter leaving, the two brothers waved grateful good?bye to him. What a thought?provoking story! Every day we have the choice of building__a__fence or a bridge. One leads to separation and anger while the other leads to openness and friendship.
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