人教版必修1 Unit 4 Earthquakes定语从句-课件(60张PPT)

(共61张PPT)
　　一个四川宜宾的男人，领两三岁的孩子下楼去玩，正好遇到几个邻居在打麻将，他在旁边一边看一边带孩子。过了一会儿，有一个人走了，三缺一，他就一边看孩子一边玩，结果玩得入迷就把看孩子这茬给忘了，等想起孩子时四个小时过去了，孩子也不见了踪影。从那之后，他20多年就一直在煎熬中度过，有时候连续好几天不能入眠，只有在打麻将的时候才能麻醉一下自己。他说他快崩溃了，岳母、小姨子都不认他，媳妇还要离婚，儿子不见了，可事以至此，错误不能挽回，他又能怎么办呢？听着他的倾诉，倪萍眼圈红了，在主持今世缘《等着我》这个节目之后，她听过太多的悲情故事，看过太多的悲欢离合，也见过太多太多苦着的脸。好在，这个四川男人的妻子最终没有离他而去，更好在，经过《等着我》这个栏目组全体人员共同的努力和热心人的帮忙，他的儿子终于被再河北邯郸找到，当儿子出现的那一刻，这个男人顿时哭倒。当然，我们相信那是欣喜的泪，激动的泪，幸福的泪。让我们同他一起高兴的是，他的儿子不仅英俊阳光，一切都好，而且已经结婚生子，儿媳妇和小孙女也一同来到了现场。

　　这个故事告诉我们，丢失亲人是最大的不幸，尤其是丢失孩子。我们总说安全第一，看护好孩子就
语法知识
定语从句
Grammar
修饰名词和代词的成分
1.定语:
a beautiful girl
a handsome boy
beautiful
handsome
定语从句：
修饰名词和代词的从句
This is the best film that I have seen.
定语从句
the best film
先行词
that
关系词
一 定义
This is a basket full of flowers.
full of flowers
The team won the game finally.
who were wearing green
the antecedent
先行词
(单个的词作定语时要放于被修饰词的前面，短语或从句作定语时要放于被修饰词的后面。）
2、定语从句中关系词及其作用
Relative Pronouns:
Relative Adverbs:
that,which, who, whom, whose, as
when, where, why
I’ll never forget the days we spent together.
关系词的作用：
1、指代作用：指代先行词；
2、连接作用：连接主从句；
3、成分作用：在从句中充当 。
which
一定的成分
一定的成分
起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。
起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。
修饰先行词
修饰先行词 /
整个句子
无逗号隔开
有逗号与主句隔开
有that
无that
三 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别
作宾语时可以省略
Who可以代替whom
Who不能代替whom
类别 意义 功能 形式 关系词
限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy.
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
主语
宾语
定语
6. I like the person to whom you just talked.
5. China is not the country that it used to be.
介宾
表语
宾语
关系代词在从句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语。
7. He is such a nice person as is popular.
主语
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you know the reason why she was late.
I’ll never forget the day when I joined
the league.
on which
in which
for which
关系副词在从句中做状语，此时相当于“介词+which”。
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
Returning from the holiday, my classmates are talking excitedly about the places ____________ they paid a visit.
A. that B. which C. where D. to which
找 出先行词
代之入从句
(补充)使完整
替入关系词
具体步骤:
the places
to
which
三、定语从句中关系词的选择
[定人要用 who(主)whom (宾);
定物which当先行;定人定物that行;介词后that行不通.]
Is this the factory _________you visited last year?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
(that/which)
Is this factory ________ you visited last year?
(the one)
三、关系代词的基本用法
1).




The girl ____spoke to me just now is my classmate.
The film ____we saw yesterday is interesting.



that
(that)
that 人或物 主语 宾语 表语 不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于介词后,作宾语时常可省略。
2）




a) 这是 我们去年参观的 工厂。
（ ）
①This is the factory.
②We visited it last year.
This is the factory which / that we visited last year.
可以省略
说明：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。
which 指物 主语或 宾语（可省略) 在介词后不可省略
b) 这是 去年建造的 工厂。
（ ）
①This is the factory.
②It was built last year.
This is the factory which / that was built last year.
不可以省略


§Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.
Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which/that is eating her flowers.
§Can you lend me the book?
You talked about it last night.
Can you lend me the book (which/that) you talked about last night. 或
Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?
§Do you find the pen?
I wrote with it just now.
Do you find the pen (which/that) I wrote with just now?
Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?
★which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
★介词提前时只能用which 而不能用 that
3)who 指人 作主语/宾语（可省略） 介词在前不可使用
4)whom 指人 宾语（可省略） 介词后不可省略
boy
the handsome
the tall
the strong
the clever
The boy is Tom.
The boy who is handsome is Tom.
The boy who is tall is Tom.
The boy who is strong is Tom.
The boy who is clever is Tom
a) 他就是 我昨天见到的 那个人。
①He is the man.
②I saw him yesterday.
He is the man (whom/who/that )I saw yesterday.
b) 你认识 站在那边的 那个人吗？
①Do you know the man?
②He is standing over there.
Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?
（ ）
（ ）
§The woman got the job.
The woman can speak German.
The woman who/that can speak German got the job.
§The man is kind. Everyone likes him.
The man (whom/who/that) everyone likes is kind. (宾语)
§The woman got the job.
We saw her on the street.
The woman (whom/who/that) we saw on the street got the job.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
▲The scientist (that /who/whom) we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
5）whose 既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作定语。 例如：
a) 小明，他的父亲是工程师，是我们班级里最好的学生。
（ ）
①Xiao Ming is the best student in our class.
②His father is an engineer.
Xiao Ming whose father is an engineer is the best student in our class.
This is the woman scientist _______name is known all over the country.
He lives in a room ______window faces north.
* whose 通常可用“the +n.+of whom(指人)；the+n.+of which/of which the +n.”替换，以上两句可以分别替换成：
This is the woman scientist _______________is known all over the country.
He lives in a room, ___________________faces north.
He lives in a room, ___________________faces north.
whose
whose
the name of whom
the window of which
of which the window
Practice:
1. The factory __________ owner is from Shanghai is very big.
A. which B. where C. whose D. of which
2. The boss ______________ department Ms King worked ten years ago looked down upon women.
in which　　　　 B. in that　　　　　
C. in whose　　　　 D. whose
the boss
’s
’s
the factory
whose
whose
in
3. This is the house ___________ the window was broken yesterday evening.
A. of which B. to which C. whose D. in which
the house
of
which
6).as的用法:可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句：
当先行词被as,so,such,the same修饰时,用as引导限制性定语从句
This is as good a place as I can find.
I’ve never heard such stories as he tells .
as 引导非限代替整个主句内容,放于主句前后均可。
As we all know, the earth is round.
As was reported, they failed in sending up the satellite.
1. The sun heats the earth, ______ is very important to us.
2. He failed in the exam, _____ was expected.
A. that B. as C. which
D. it E. B & C
当先行词为主句时，关系词用which或as，它们的区别在于，as含有“正如”的意思。
**The Attributive clauses caused by “as"
C
B
3. I want to buy the same pen _____ you are using.
4. This is the same bicycle ____ I have lost.
A. that B. as C. which
D. it E. A & B
“the same…as…” 引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一类事物，即同一个款式的，或同一个牌子等。
“the same…that…”引导的定语从句表示从句所指的物品与先行词所指的物品为同一事物。
B
E
5. This is _____ stone _____ no one can lift it.
6. This is _____ stone _____ no one can lift.
A. so heavy a, that B. so a heavy, as
C. such a heavy, as D. such heavy a, that “so\such…that….”引导的是结果状语从句，从句的成分是完整的，也就是说that只起连接作用。
“so\such… as…”引导的是定语从句，从句的成分是不完整的，也就是说as代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
A
C
关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：
（1）whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。
{
There is a room
in which you can study.
which you study in.
Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of.
(2). 为以下情况时，只用that,不用which
1.先行词为不定代词 all, none, few, little, much, something, anything, nothing, everything， etc。
2.先行词被all, each, few, little, much, some, any, no, every,等修饰时。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级。
e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything (that) he had stolen.
e.g. I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
e.g. This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
5.先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, the next修饰时，用that。
6. 在以which, who开头的的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复，用that.
e.g. He is the only person that I want to see now.
e.g. Which of the books that are borrowed from the library is yours?
e.g. Who was the man (that) she danced with?
1.This is all ____ I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether
2.Is there anything else ____ you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what
3.The last place _____ we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it
A
B
B
4.He talked happily about the men and books _____ interested him greatly in the school. A.which B.that C.it D.whom
5.There is no dictionary _____ you can find everything. A.that B.which C.where D.in that
6.This is one of the best books ___. A.that have ever been written B.that has ever been written C.that has written D.that have written
B
A
A
7.He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything ____ he saw on the way to the Paris. A.what B.that C.which D.where
8.Is oxygen（氧气） the only gas _____ helps fire burn? A.that B. / C.which D.it
9.Is there anything _____ to you? A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.which belongs D.that belong
B
A
B
(3).只用which不用that的情况
①先行词在非限制性定语从句中充 当主语或宾语。
His money was stolen by a thief, which made him very sad.
②.当关系代词前有介词。
This is the factory in which my mother works.
③.当先行词本身是that时。
What’s that which flashed in the sky just now.
(4).关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。
Anyone who __ over 20 can join the army.

I ,who ____ your friend , will help you.
is
am
The usage of the relative pronoun
who
whom
which
that
whose
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分
人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语





关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点


或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
The usage of the relative adverb
when
where
why
time
place
reason
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
关系副词 指代 所充当的句子成分



a) 我仍然记得我参军的那一天。
①I still remember the day.
②On that day I joined the army
I still remember the day when I joined the army.
或
I still remember the day on which I joined the army.
b) 这就是 我们去年住的 房屋。
（ ）
①This is the house.
②We lived in it last year.
This is the house where we lived last year. 或
This is the house in which we lived last year. 或
This is the house which we lived in last year.
c) 你知道 他迟到的 原因吗？
（ ）
①Do you know the reason?
②He was late for that reason.
Do you know the reason why he was late? 或
Do you know the reason for which he was late?
2）当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非就用when, where, why 来引导定语从句。 例如：
这是我们去年参观的地方。 ······①
这是我们去年工作的地方。 ······②
a)
vt.
vi.
①This is the place which / that we visited last year.
②This is the place where we worked last year.
我仍然记得我入团的那一天。
我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。
b)
①I still remember the day when I joined the League.
②I still remember the day that / which we spent together.
who,
that
which ,
that ,
as
whom ,
that ,
who
which ,
that ,
as
whose ,
of whom
whose ,
( prep.
+) which
where /
prep.
+ which
when /
prep.
+ which
why /
prep.
+ which
that /
prep.
+ which
先行词 关 系 词 在 从 句 中 充 当 成 分
主 语 宾 语
（可省） 定 语 状 语
地 点 时 间 原 因 方 式
指 人
指 物
3、判断关系代词与关系副词
　
方法一：
用关系代词，还是关系副词完全
　
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

　
方法二：
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的
成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
A. where　B. that　 C. on which D. the one
例1. Is this the museum _____ you visited a few days ago?
例2. Is this museum _____ you visited a few days ago?
A. where　B. that　 C. on which D. the one
B
D
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句，关键是判断介词的选择，方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词（习惯搭配），再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断。
结论:
D. 固定短语不可拆
This is the book which I’m looking for.
This is the book for which I’m looking.
C. the way 做先行词时
I don’t like the way __________ you speak to her.
A. / B. in that C. which D. of which
the way
in
which
the way 做先行词，在从句中做状语时，关系词可用in which, that, 或者省略。
Practice:
In the dark street, there wasn’t a person _____ whom she could turn for help.
The wolf ____ which the sheep was killed was shot.
Ours is a beautiful school, _____ which we are proud.
The speed_______ which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
the wolf
by
of
a beautiful school
the speed
at
His bike _____ which he went to work was stolen last night..
his bike
on
a person
to
1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom　　　　
C. of whose　 D. whose　　
D
2.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
A. that　　 B. who　　　　
C. from whom　　 D. to whom　　　
D
定语从句练习
3.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that　 D. when　
B
4.He lived in London for 3 months, during ____ time he learned some English.
A. this　　 B. which C. that　　 D. same
B
5.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. _____ I got wet through. A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
B
6.I don’t like _____ you speak to her. A.the way that B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of that
A
下面请看定语从句语法（二）
定语从句专项练习
1.The scientist and his achieve- ments（成就）_____ you told me about are admired by us all. A.which B.that C.who D.whose
2.Which of the books _____ were borrowed from him is the best? A.which B.what C.that D.whose
B
C
3.Do you know who lives in the building _____ there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which
4.I’ll never forget the day ____ I joined the League. A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which
5.The woman _____ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A.who B.to whom C.to who D.whom
C
A
B
4.Jeanne was her old friend, ____ she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom
5.His glasses, _____ he was like a blind man（盲人）, fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that
B
C
6.She is a teacher of much know- ledge, _____ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom
7.He built a telescope（望远镜）_____ he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it
8.Do you know the reason ____ he was late? D. for which A. that B. which C. for what
D
C
D
9.I have bought two ball-pens, ____ writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of them
10.This is the very knife_____I used to cut apples yesterday.
A. that B. by which C. which D. with which
11.The book, _____ which he paid 6 yuan, is worth reading.
B
A
for
①Is this the factory _____ you visited last year?
②Is this factory ____ you visited last year?
1.
a. that b. where c. in which d. the one
2.
①All ____ I need is a good rest.
②You know ____ I need is a good rest.
a. what b. all what c. that d. which
a
d
c
a
3.
①Mr Smith is one of those forei- gners who____ working in China.
②Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who ____ work- ing in China.
a. is b. has c. have d. are
4.
①Pisa is a city, ____ has a lean- ing tower.
②Pisa is a city, ____ there is a leaning tower.
a.which b.that c.where d.there
d
a
a
c
5.
①This is the place ____ we visit- ed last year.
②This the place ____ we worked last year.
a. which b. where c. in that d. there
6.
①The news ________ he told us was very exciting.
②He told us the news ____ our team had won the game.
a.what b.as c.that d.which
a
b
c / d
c