形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类，涉及的面比较广。同时形容词的形式变化灵活，如有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。备考2020年高考，应注意以下几点：形容词的辨析，形容词的原级、比较级和最高级，以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构，同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等。
高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。2020年高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在：副词的近义词的辨析；关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型；同根不同形的副词；常考副词的辨析；比较级前的修饰语等。
形容词和副词主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错形式进行考查，考查的主要形式是形容词和副词之间的相互转化。
考点1 形容词、副词的比较等级
1.形容词或副词的as...as结构
两者相比，当A=B时，用“as+adj/adv.原级+as”来表示。
如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。
双方相比，当A≠B，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so+adj. /adv.原级+as”表示。
如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。
2.形容词或副词的比较级+than
当双方比较，A>B时，用“比较级+than”结构。
当A不及B的程度时，用“less+adj. /adv.原级+than”的结构。
如：①Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
②Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。
3.表示双方相比，一方超过另一方，并强调超出的程度和数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，much，very much，still，any，a lot，a bit，a little，far，yet，by far，a great deal，twice，three times，rather，slightly等，而very，quite，so，fairly等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级
如：A car runs a great deal faster than a truck．小汽车比卡车快得多。
4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越……越……”
The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get．你卖的票越多，你得到的钱就会越多。
5.比较级表示最高级含义
(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如：
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China．在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
⑵比较级+than all(the)other+可数名词复数。如:
China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
(3) no/never/nothing...+比较级。如：
Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。
【典例】
It may not be a great suggestion. But before ________ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.
A．a good one B．a better one
C．the best one D．a best one
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选B。
考点2 形容词作定语时的位置
1．通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2．else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：
No one else can answer the question.
3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：
an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.
考点3 形容词、副词的辨析
1．形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开
①He lay in bed，wide awake．他躺在床上，完全清醒。
②He went to bed，cold and hungry．他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。
2．副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾
Fortunately，he escaped from the fire．他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。
3. 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同:不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念，也就是词的本义； 加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义close接近(指距离) closely仔细地，密切地; free免费freely自由地，自如地；deep深的；deeply深刻地，深入地；wide充分（张开）的，宽阔的widely广泛地；high高的highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚lately最近，近来；near邻近的nearly几乎；most最mostly主要地。如：
He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，贏得了同学们的高度赞扬。
【典例】
The Forbidden City attracts a ________ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.
A．constant B．main
C．powerful D．shallow
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors表示“络绎不绝的游客”。constant“持续不断的”，符合句意。main“主要的”；powerful“强有力的”；shallow“浅的”。
考点4 倍数表达法
1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
4．the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
如：长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)
①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.
②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.
③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.
④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.
【典例】
This restaurant wasn’t ________ that other restaurant we went to.
A．half as good as B．as half good as
C．as good as half D．good as half as
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as＋比较成分。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·天津】A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.
A. properly B. widely C. originally D. temporarily
2.【2019·江苏】Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
3.【2018·江苏】Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
二、语法填空
4.【2019·全国I改编】It leads to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.
5. 【2019·全国III】They also shared with us many ___________(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were __________ (huge) popular with tourists.
6. 【2019·全国II】Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
7. 【2019·全国II】We are so proud of her. It's ___ ___(wonder).
8. 【2019·浙江】School uniforms are ______________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
9.【2018·全国I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners.
10.【2018·全国II】A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change。
11.【2018·全国III】He screams the (loud)of all.
12.【2018·浙江】There could be an even (high) cost on your health.
13.【2017·全国卷I】Even ___________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
14.【2017·全国卷I】However, be ___________(care) not to go to extremes.
15.【2017·全国卷II】The Central London Railway was one of the most ___________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
16.【2017·全国卷III】It is ____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
17.【2017·浙江卷6月考】But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ___________(shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
三、句子改错
18.【2019·全国I】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
19.【2019·全国I】I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
20.【2019·全国II】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
21.【2019·全国II】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
22.【2018·全国I】I felt happily that their life had improved.
23.【2018·全国III】I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.
24.【2018·全国III】Immediate, I raised my hand.
25.【2017·全国卷I】A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
语法填空
Controversy erupted after winners for this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature were announced on Oct 10. 1 was different was that two prizes were given, one for the 2 (cancel) 2018 award and the other for 2019. The choice for 2018 — Polish novelist Olga Tokarczuk, who also 3 (win) the Man Booker International Prize in 2018, was well-received. The 2019 winner, however, caused quite a stir. Peter Handke, from Austria, has 4 (previous) been accused of defending war crimes.
In 2008, French-American writer Jonathan Littell said this about Handke: “He might be a fantastic artist, but 5 a human being he is my enemy.” Hari Kunzru, a British-Indian novelist, was so outspoken as 6 (call) giving Handke the Nobel “a troubling choice” in the Guardian.
But the Swedish Academy didn’t think the 7 (accuse) was relevant. “It is not in the Academy’s mandate (权限) to balance literary quality against political considerations,” Mats Malm, the Swedish Academy’s secretary, told The New York Times.
When it comes to the literary quality of Handke’s work, there’s no argument. “Handke is a great German prose stylist (散文作家), 8 has spent his career 9 (explore) both the natural world and the world of human consciousness with precision, humor, and courage, ” Jonathan Galassi, president of the Farrar, said in a statement.
So in the end, these controversies come down to a simple question: Should a person’s morals and political views 10 (take) into consideration when we evaluate literature?
一、短文改错
I am very luckily to have the opportunity to see so many place, but sometimes I experience culture shock when I
see or do something new. Dad and I now are travelled through Denmark, Norway and Sweden. I used to thinking that
these countries are the same, but not any more. People in Denmark are a bit of friendlier, while Norwegians and Swedes
prefer not to talk to strangers. I’m surprised to learn that many people there speak English in addition their national
languages. In Sweden, it seems that anyone has golden hair and blue eyes. I feel a little strange with my black hair and
dark eyes. I imagine this is that foreigners feel when they visit China!
It was a rain and cold night. I finish my evening classes and was about to go back to my house, I got into a taxi and
told the driver my destination. To my surprise, the driver made an apology, says he didn’t know the way. What come a
taxi driver didn’t know the way? I was a little of angry. At the moment, an old couple stopped our car. Their destination
was the same as me, so he let them in. The two greeted us but the grandpa told the driver the way. From their conversation
I knew the driver was a farmer and he had become a taxi driver just for three days.
I’m also new to Chengdu. Sometimes I make direction mistakes, but there is always someone can help me. It was
cold outside, but I felt real warm.
答案和解析
一、单项选择
1.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查副词辨析。句意：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要定期的训练。properly正确地；widely广泛地；originally最初；temporarily临时地，根据句意，故选A。
2.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual偶然的，随便的；regular定期的，有规律的；flexible灵活的；tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
3.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。keen敏锐的；reluctant不情愿的；anxious渴望的；ready准备好的。故选B。
二、语法填空
4.【答案】higher
【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
5.【答案】traditional；hugely
【解题思路】第一空考查形容词。所要填的词修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
6.【答案】finally
【解题思路】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
7.【答案】wonderful
【解题思路】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
8.【答案】traditional
【解题思路】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，因此用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
9.【答案】longer
【解题思路】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示，经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年，根据题目中的than可知此时应用到比较级。故填longer。
10.【答案】actually
【解题思路】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
11.【答案】loudest
【解题思路】考查最高级。根据后面的of all 可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
12.【答案】higher
【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
13.【答案】worse
【解题思路】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
14.【答案】careful
【解题思路】考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
15.【答案】successful
【解题思路】考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
16.【答案】certainly
【解题思路】考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
17.【答案】shiny/shining
【解题思路】考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。
三、句子改错
18.【答案】interesting改为interested
【解题思路】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰
物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
19.【答案】hardly改为hard
【解题思路】考查副词。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。句意：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
20.【答案】coolly改为cool
【解题思路】考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
21.【答案】amazing改为amazed；将more去掉
【解题思路】第一空考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，故将amazing改为amazed。
第二空考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成
比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。
22.【答案】happily改成happy
【解题思路】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
23.【答案】larger改为large
【解题思路】考察形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把larger改为large。
24.【答案】Immediate改为Immediately。
【解题思路】考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把Immediate改为Immediately。
25.【答案】late改为later; suddenly改为sudden
【解题思路】第一句考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later. 他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后……。故将late改为later。
第二句考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。
语法填空
【答案】
1. What 2.cancel(l)ed 3.won 4.previously 5.as
6. to call 7.accusation 8.who /and 9.exploring 10.be taken
【解题思路】本文是说明文，介绍了今年诺贝尔文学奖颁发时发生的争议。
1.考查主语从句。句意：不同的是，颁发了两个奖项。此句中_____was different是主语从句,其中缺少主语，用what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填What。
2.考查非谓语动词。cancel和 award之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语，意为：被取消的，故填cancel(l)ed。
3.考查时态。根据时间状语in 2018可知win应用一般过去时。故填won。
4.考查副词。修饰谓语has been accused of，应用副词。故填previously。
5.考查介词。句意：他可能是一位了不起的艺术家，但作为人类，他是我的敌人。此句中as意为: 作为。故填as。
6.考查非谓语动词。so… as to …意为：如此……以至……，引导结果状语，不定式后接动词原形。故填 to call。
7.考查名词。所填词在think的宾语从句中作主语，应用名词形式，故填accusation。
8.考查定语从句。句意：Handke是一位伟大的德国散文作家，他的职业生涯都用于以精确、幽默和勇气去探索自然世界和人类意识世界。此句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a great German prose stylist，指人，应用who引导定语从句；也可以看作是并列句，and连接并列成分is…和 has spent…，故填who/ and。
9.考查非谓语动词。spend time doing…花费时间在……上，后接doing做宾语，故填exploring。
10.考查被动语态。句意：当我们评价文学时，是否应该考虑到一个人的道德和政治观点？take… into consideration 把……考虑在内, 主语a person’s morals and political views和take之间为被动关系；情态动词should后用动词原形, 故填be taken。
一、短文改错
【答案】
【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文。作者旅游过很多地方，同时也体验到了“文化冲击”。
1.考查形容词。 be lucky to do sth意为“做某事很幸运”，be动词后常跟形容词。故把luckily改为lucky。
2.考查名词单复数。many一般跟可数名词的复数形式,此处指许多地方，故把place改为places。
3.考查时态。父亲和“我”现在在丹麦，挪威和瑞典旅游，故把travelled改为traveling/ travelling。
4.考查非谓语动词。 used to do sth是常用结构，表示“过去常常做某事”。故把thinking改为think。
5.考查时态。主句时态 used to表示“过去常常……”，从句时态应该保持一致，用一般过去时。故把are改为were。
6.考查介词。a bit意为“一点”，功能相当于副词，常用来修饰形容词。故去掉a bit后面的of。
7.考查副词。文章是“我”在北欧三国旅行时于当地写的，所以用here。故把there改为here。
8.考查介词。 in addition意为“另外”，in addition to意为“除……之外”。此处指许多人除了说母语之外还说英语。故在in addition后面加to。
9.考查代词。根据句意“每一个瑞典人似乎都有着金发碧眼”，可知答案。故把anyone改为everyone。
10.考查连词。句意 “我认为外国人在中国旅行时也是这样感受的吧！这里的表语从句应该用how引导，前后句意才通顺。故把that改为how。
【答案】
1. rain→rainy
2. finish→finished
3. says→saying
4. What→How
5. 删除 of
6. me→mine
7. but→and
8. become→been
9. 在someone后面加who
10. real→really
【解题思路】本文是记叙文，叙述了作者在一个寒冷的雨夜，上了一辆出租车，结果司机不认识路，作者感到不愉快。这时，有一对老夫妻也上了同一辆车，这位老人告诉了司机路线，原来这位司机才开始工作三天。
第一处：考查形容词。句意：那是个寒冷的雨夜。“and”后是形容词“cold”，修饰后面的名词，所以“and”前后都应该用形容词，rain的形容词形式是rainy。故答案为rain→rainy。
第二处：考查动词时态。句意：我上完了晚课。“and was about to go back”可知，“and”后用的一般过去时，所以“finish”也用一般过去时。故答案为finish→finished。
第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，司机道歉说他不认识路。句子没有连词，且已经有谓语动词“made”，所以“says”应该变为非谓语动词，句子的主语“the driver”与“say”之间是主动关系，所以应该用saying，故答案为says→saying。
第四处：考查名词。句意：出租车司机怎么会不认识路呢？句式：How come是固定搭配,意为：怎么会......?怎么回事......?怎么搞的......?如果用How come来提问，就表示你觉得某件事很奇怪,有点想不通,使用陈述句的语序。故答案为What→How。
第五处：考查短语。句意：我有点生气。“a little”修饰形容词“angry”。故答案为删除of。
第六处：考查代词。句意：他们的目的地和我的一样，所以他让他们上车了。The same as相比较的对象应该是同类的，即他们的目的地与我的目的地相比， mine=my destination。故答案为me→mine。
第七处：考查连词。句意：两个人向我们打招呼，爷爷给司机指路。这里前后句是并列关系，不是转折关系。故答案为but→and。
第八处：考查动词。句意：他刚当了三天的出租车司机。根据时间状语“for+时间段”，所以谓语动词应该用持续性动词，become是非持续性动词，改成be表示状态。时态用现在完成时。故答案为become→been。
第九处：考查定语从句关系词。句意：有时我走错方向，但总有人会帮助我。“someone”是先行词，指人，缺少定语从句的关系词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以不能省略，所以在someone后加关系词who。
第十处：考查名词。句意：外面很冷，但我觉得心里很暖和。“felt”是感官动词，后跟形容词“warm”，形容词前用副词来修饰，故答案为really。
形容词是英语中较为复杂的一种词类，涉及的面比较广。同时形容词的形式变化灵活，如有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。备考2020年高考，应注意以下几点：形容词的辨析，形容词的原级、比较级和最高级，以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构，同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等。
高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。2020年高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在：副词的近义词的辨析；关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型；同根不同形的副词；常考副词的辨析；比较级前的修饰语等。
形容词和副词主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错形式进行考查，考查的主要形式是形容词和副词之间的相互转化。
考点1 形容词、副词的比较等级
1.形容词或副词的as...as结构
两者相比，当A=B时，用“as+adj/adv.原级+as”来表示。
如：Jack runs as fast as Tom.杰克和汤姆跑得一样快。
双方相比，当A≠B，或指A的程度较低时，用“not as/so+adj. /adv.原级+as”表示。
如：He does not work as/so hard as his sister.他不如他妹妹学习努力。
2.形容词或副词的比较级+than
当双方比较，A>B时，用“比较级+than”结构。
当A不及B的程度时，用“less+adj. /adv.原级+than”的结构。
如：①Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。
②Health is better than wealth. 健康胜过财富。
3.表示双方相比，一方超过另一方，并强调超出的程度和数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，much，very much，still，any，a lot，a bit，a little，far，yet，by far，a great deal，twice，three times，rather，slightly等，而very，quite，so，fairly等词不可修饰形容词或副词的比较级
如：A car runs a great deal faster than a truck．小汽车比卡车快得多。
4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越……越……”
The more tickets you sell，the more money you will get．你卖的票越多，你得到的钱就会越多。
5.比较级表示最高级含义
(1)比较级+than any other+可数名词单数。如：
The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China．在中国，长江比其他任何一条河流都长。
⑵比较级+than all(the)other+可数名词复数。如:
China is larger than all the other Asian countries.中国比亚洲的其他国家都大。
(3) no/never/nothing...+比较级。如：
Nothing is more valuable than time.时间比任何东西都珍贵。
【典例】
It may not be a great suggestion. But before ________ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.
A．a good one B．a better one
C．the best one D．a best one
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：它或许不是一个好建议，但在更好的建议被提出之前，我们先凑合一下。此处暗含比较，表示“一条更好的建议”，是泛指，故选B。
考点2 形容词作定语时的位置
1．通常置于所修饰的词之前，但不定代词的定语通常在后面。如：
Someone strange is asking to see you.
Something unexpected happened and we had to make some changes to our plan.
2．else常放在不定代词和疑问代词后面作定语。如：
No one else can answer the question.
3．多个形容词作定语时的词序为：大小、长短、高低形状/年龄、新旧颜色/来源、国籍、地区、出处/材料/用途。如：
an expensive Japanese sports car, those three beautiful large square old brown wood table.
考点3 形容词、副词的辨析
1．形容词主要用来修饰名词，也可修饰something，nothing等不定代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。作状语时表示伴随、原因等，或是对主语进行解释，可以看成是“being+形容词”，位于句首、句中或句尾，表示伴随时通常用逗号与其他成分隔开
①He lay in bed，wide awake．他躺在床上，完全清醒。
②He went to bed，cold and hungry．他上床睡觉，又冷又饿。
2．副词主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、从句或整个句子。修饰整个句子时，可置于句首、句中或句尾
Fortunately，he escaped from the fire．他幸运地从大火中逃了出来。
3. 有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词形式相同，另一种是在形容词后加ly。这两种形式的副词在意义上有所不同:不带ly的副词往往表示的是具体概念，也就是词的本义； 加ly的往往表示抽象概念(也就是词的引申义close接近(指距离) closely仔细地，密切地; free免费freely自由地，自如地；deep深的；deeply深刻地，深入地；wide充分（张开）的，宽阔的widely广泛地；high高的highly高度地，非常；late迟，晚lately最近，近来；near邻近的nearly几乎；most最mostly主要地。如：
He jumped that high in the sports meeting in our school and is highly thought of by his classmates.他在我们学校运动会上跳得那么高，贏得了同学们的高度赞扬。
【典例】
The Forbidden City attracts a ________ stream of visitors every day, especially during national holidays.
A．constant B．main
C．powerful D．shallow
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：紫禁城每天都吸引着络绎不绝的游客，特别是在国庆节期间。A constant stream of visitors表示“络绎不绝的游客”。constant“持续不断的”，符合句意。main“主要的”；powerful“强有力的”；shallow“浅的”。
考点4 倍数表达法
1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
4．the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
如：长江是珠江的三倍长。(一句多译)
①The Yangtze River is twice longer than the Pearl River.
②The Yangtze River is three times as long as the Pearl River.
③The Yangtze River is three times the length of the Pearl River.
④The length of the Yangtze River is three times that of the Pearl River.
【典例】
This restaurant wasn’t ________ that other restaurant we went to.
A．half as good as B．as half good as
C．as good as half D．good as half as
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：这家餐馆还没有我们去过的其他餐馆的一半好呢。本题为倍数表达法之一：倍数＋as＋adj.原级＋as＋比较成分。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·天津】A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.
A. properly B. widely C. originally D. temporarily
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查副词辨析。句意：在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要定期的训练。properly正确地；widely广泛地；originally最初；temporarily临时地，根据句意，故选A。
2.【2019·江苏】Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise.
A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查形容词辨析。句意：不像传统的体育锻炼，有app软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual偶然的，随便的；regular定期的，有规律的；flexible灵活的；tight紧的，密封的。故选C。
3.【2018·江苏】Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。keen敏锐的；reluctant不情愿的；anxious渴望的；ready准备好的。故选B。
二、语法填空
4.【2019·全国I改编】It leads to the illusion(错觉) that populations are (high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
5. 【2019·全国III】They also shared with us many ___________(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were __________ (huge) popular with tourists.
【答案】traditional；hugely
【解题思路】第一空考查形容词。所要填的词修饰名词stories，应用形容词形式，tradition的形容词为traditional，故填traditional。第二空考查副词。空格处单词修饰形容词popular，应用副词形式，huge的副词为hugely，故填hugely。
6. 【2019·全国II】Her years of hard work have (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally
【解题思路】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
7. 【2019·全国II】We are so proud of her. It's ___ ___(wonder).
【答案】wonderful
【解题思路】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语，故填wonderful。
8. 【2019·浙江】School uniforms are ______________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
【答案】traditional
【解题思路】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，因此用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
9.【2018·全国I】According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解题思路】考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示，经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年，根据题目中的than可知此时应用到比较级。故填longer。
10.【2018·全国II】A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change。
【答案】actually
【解题思路】考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
11.【2018·全国III】He screams the (loud)of all.
【答案】loudest
【解题思路】考查最高级。根据后面的of all 可知，他的声音最大，所以用最高级loudest。
12.【2018·浙江】There could be an even (high) cost on your health.
【答案】higher
【解题思路】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
13.【2017·全国卷I】Even ___________(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
【答案】worse
【解题思路】考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
14.【2017·全国卷I】However, be ___________(care) not to go to extremes.
【答案】careful
【解题思路】考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
15.【2017·全国卷II】The Central London Railway was one of the most ___________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
【答案】successful
【解题思路】考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
16.【2017·全国卷III】It is ____________(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.”
【答案】certainly
【解题思路】考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
17.【2017·浙江卷6月考】But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ___________(shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
【答案】shiny/shining
【解题思路】考查形容词。此处根据下文的object可知，需用形容词作定语，故填shiny或shining。
二、句子改错
18.【2019·全国I】I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】interesting改为interested
【解题思路】考查形容词用法。“interest（使感兴趣；使关注）”的形容词有interesting（使人感兴趣的）常修饰物；与interested（表现出兴趣的）常修饰人。主语是I，故将interesting改为interested。
19.【2019·全国I】I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】hardly改为hard
【解题思路】考查副词。“hard（努力地；费力地）”与“hardly（几乎不；几乎没有）”都为副词，但是词义不同。句意：我挡住足球，并使劲地将它踢回操场。故将hardly改为hard。
20.【2019·全国II】First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】coolly改为cool
【解题思路】考查形容词的用法。句中的“looked”为系动词，系动词后需用形容词作表语。故将coolly改为cool。
21【2019·全国II】One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】amazing改为amazed；将more去掉
【解题思路】第一空考查形容词用法。“amaze（使惊奇；使惊愕）”形容词形式有amazed（大为惊奇）与amazing（令人大为惊奇的）。本句话中主语为I，故将amazing改为amazed。
第二空考查形容词比较级。句中better为well（健康；身体好）的比较级形式，多音节的形容词或副词构成比较级用more 加形容词或副词，即more不能与better连用。故将more去掉。
22.【2018·全国I】I felt happily that their life had improved.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】happily改成happy
【解题思路】考查形容词作表语。他们的生活有了很大提高，我感到很高兴。此处形容词作表语，故将happily改成happy。
23.【2018·全国III】I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】larger改为large
【解题思路】考察形容词。句意：我不敢在一大群人面前说话。这里没有比较的意思，故把larger改为large。
24.【2018·全国III】Immediate, I raised my hand.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Immediate改为Immediately。
【解题思路】考查副词。此处要用副词在句中做状语修饰整个句子，故把Immediate改为Immediately。
25.【2017·全国卷I】A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.
_________________________________________________________________________
【答案】late改为later; suddenly改为sudden
【解题思路】第一句考查副词。作形容词的时候，later是late的比较级，如：Their deadline is quite late. Ours is even later. 他们的截止日期很迟，我们的更迟。作副词的时候，late意为“迟”；later意为“稍后，随后”。句意：几分钟之后……。故将late改为later。
第二句考查形容词。“我”紧急刹车。suddenly是副词，表示“意外地，忽然地”。 sudden为形容词，表示“突然的，迅速的”，修饰名词stop。a sudden stop表示“急刹车”。故将suddenly改为sudden。
语法填空
Controversy erupted after winners for this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature were announced on Oct 10. 1 was different was that two prizes were given, one for the 2 (cancel) 2018 award and the other for 2019. The choice for 2018 — Polish novelist Olga Tokarczuk, who also 3 (win) the Man Booker International Prize in 2018, was well-received. The 2019 winner, however, caused quite a stir. Peter Handke, from Austria, has 4 (previous) been accused of defending war crimes.
In 2008, French-American writer Jonathan Littell said this about Handke: “He might be a fantastic artist, but 5 a human being he is my enemy.” Hari Kunzru, a British-Indian novelist, was so outspoken as 6 (call) giving Handke the Nobel “a troubling choice” in the Guardian.
But the Swedish Academy didn’t think the 7 (accuse) was relevant. “It is not in the Academy’s mandate (权限) to balance literary quality against political considerations,” Mats Malm, the Swedish Academy’s secretary, told The New York Times.
When it comes to the literary quality of Handke’s work, there’s no argument. “Handke is a great German prose stylist (散文作家), 8 has spent his career 9 (explore) both the natural world and the world of human consciousness with precision, humor, and courage, ” Jonathan Galassi, president of the Farrar, said in a statement.
So in the end, these controversies come down to a simple question: Should a person’s morals and political views 10 (take) into consideration when we evaluate literature?
【答案】
1. What 2.cancel(l)ed 3.won 4.previously 5.as
6. to call 7.accusation 8.who /and 9.exploring 10.be taken
【解题思路】本文是说明文，介绍了今年诺贝尔文学奖颁发时发生的争议。
1.考查主语从句。句意：不同的是，颁发了两个奖项。此句中_____was different是主语从句,其中缺少主语，用what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填What。
2.考查非谓语动词。cancel和 award之间为被动关系，用过去分词作定语，意为：被取消的，故填cancel(l)ed。
3.考查时态。根据时间状语in 2018可知win应用一般过去时。故填won。
4.考查副词。修饰谓语has been accused of，应用副词。故填previously。
5.考查介词。句意：他可能是一位了不起的艺术家，但作为人类，他是我的敌人。此句中as意为: 作为。故填as。
6.考查非谓语动词。so… as to …意为：如此……以至……，引导结果状语，不定式后接动词原形。故填 to call。
7.考查名词。所填词在think的宾语从句中作主语，应用名词形式，故填accusation。
8.考查定语从句。句意：Handke是一位伟大的德国散文作家，他的职业生涯都用于以精确、幽默和勇气去探索自然世界和人类意识世界。此句是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a great German prose stylist，指人，应用who引导定语从句；也可以看作是并列句，and连接并列成分is…和 has spent…，故填who/ and。
9.考查非谓语动词。spend time doing…花费时间在……上，后接doing做宾语，故填exploring。
10.考查被动语态。句意：当我们评价文学时，是否应该考虑到一个人的道德和政治观点？take… into consideration 把……考虑在内, 主语a person’s morals and political views和take之间为被动关系；情态动词should后用动词原形, 故填be taken。
一、短文改错
I am very luckily to have the opportunity to see so many place, but sometimes I experience culture shock when I see or do something new. Dad and I now are travelled through Denmark, Norway and Sweden. I used to thinking that these countries are the same, but not any more. People in Denmark are a bit of friendlier, while Norwegians and Swedes prefer not to talk to strangers. I’m surprised to learn that many people there speak English in addition their national languages. In Sweden, it seems that anyone has golden hair and blue eyes. I feel a little strange with my black hair and dark eyes. I imagine this is that foreigners feel when they visit China!
【答案】
【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文。作者旅游过很多地方，同时也体验到了“文化冲击”。
1.考查形容词。 be lucky to do sth意为“做某事很幸运”，be动词后常跟形容词。故把luckily改为lucky。
2.考查名词单复数。many一般跟可数名词的复数形式,此处指许多地方，故把place改为places。
3.考查时态。父亲和“我”现在在丹麦，挪威和瑞典旅游，故把travelled改为traveling/ travelling。
4.考查非谓语动词。 used to do sth是常用结构，表示“过去常常做某事”。故把thinking改为think。
5.考查时态。主句时态 used to表示“过去常常……”，从句时态应该保持一致，用一般过去时。故把are改为were。
6.考查介词。a bit意为“一点”，功能相当于副词，常用来修饰形容词。故去掉a bit后面的of。
7.考查副词。文章是“我”在北欧三国旅行时于当地写的，所以用here。故把there改为here。
8.考查介词。 in addition意为“另外”，in addition to意为“除……之外”。此处指许多人除了说母语之外还说英语。故在in addition后面加to。
9.考查代词。根据句意“每一个瑞典人似乎都有着金发碧眼”，可知答案。故把anyone改为everyone。
10.考查连词。句意 “我认为外国人在中国旅行时也是这样感受的吧！这里的表语从句应该用how引导，前后句意才通顺。故把that改为how。
It was a rain and cold night. I finish my evening classes and was about to go back to my house, I got into a taxi and told the driver my destination. To my surprise, the driver made an apology, says he didn’t know the way. What come a taxi driver didn’t know the way? I was a little of angry. At the moment, an old couple stopped our car. Their destination was the same as me, so he let them in. The two greeted us but the grandpa told the driver the way. From their conversation I knew the driver was a farmer and he had become a taxi driver just for three days.
I’m also new to Chengdu. Sometimes I make direction mistakes, but there is always someone can help me. It was cold outside, but I felt real warm.
【答案】
1. rain→rainy
2. finish→finished
3. says→saying
4. What→How
5. 删除 of
6. me→mine
7. but→and
8. become→been
9. 在someone后面加who
10. real→really
【解题思路】本文是记叙文，叙述了作者在一个寒冷的雨夜，上了一辆出租车，结果司机不认识路，作者感到不愉快。这时，有一对老夫妻也上了同一辆车，这位老人告诉了司机路线，原来这位司机才开始工作三天。
第一处：考查形容词。句意：那是个寒冷的雨夜。“and”后是形容词“cold”，修饰后面的名词，所以“and”前后都应该用形容词，rain的形容词形式是rainy。故答案为rain→rainy。
第二处：考查动词时态。句意：我上完了晚课。“and was about to go back”可知，“and”后用的一般过去时，所以“finish”也用一般过去时。故答案为finish→finished。
第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意：令我惊讶的是，司机道歉说他不认识路。句子没有连词，且已经有谓语动词“made”，所以“says”应该变为非谓语动词，句子的主语“the driver”与“say”之间是主动关系，所以应该用saying，故答案为says→saying。
第四处：考查名词。句意：出租车司机怎么会不认识路呢？句式：How come是固定搭配,意为：怎么会......?怎么回事......?怎么搞的......?如果用How come来提问，就表示你觉得某件事很奇怪,有点想不通,使用陈述句的语序。故答案为What→How。
第五处：考查短语。句意：我有点生气。“a little”修饰形容词“angry”。故答案为删除of。
第六处：考查代词。句意：他们的目的地和我的一样，所以他让他们上车了。The same as相比较的对象应该是同类的，即他们的目的地与我的目的地相比， mine=my destination。故答案为me→mine。
第七处：考查连词。句意：两个人向我们打招呼，爷爷给司机指路。这里前后句是并列关系，不是转折关系。故答案为but→and。
第八处：考查动词。句意：他刚当了三天的出租车司机。根据时间状语“for+时间段”，所以谓语动词应该用持续性动词，become是非持续性动词，改成be表示状态。时态用现在完成时。故答案为become→been。
第九处：考查定语从句关系词。句意：有时我走错方向，但总有人会帮助我。“someone”是先行词，指人，缺少定语从句的关系词，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以不能省略，所以在someone后加关系词who。
第十处：考查名词。句意：外面很冷，但我觉得心里很暖和。“felt”是感官动词，后跟形容词“warm”，形容词前用副词来修饰，故答案为really。
