2020届高考英语二轮专题复习九 定语从句

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名称 2020届高考英语二轮专题复习九 定语从句
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定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类,其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词,不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时,务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2020年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

定语从句是高考的热点,对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词;2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词;3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;4.介词+关系代词的用法;5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断;6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
考点1:关系代词一览表
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who

主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom

宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose
人,物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that
人,物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which

主语
宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人,物
主语
宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
【典例】
This factory _____ produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution.
A. which B. where C. it D. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这家造纸厂昨天关闭了,因为它造成了太多的污染。此处“factory”是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句作主语,所以这里用which或that引导定语从句,故选A。
【典例】
He was admitted to Harvard University, ________ was just what his parents expected.
A. who B. which
C. what D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意:他被哈佛大学录取了,这正是他的父母所期望的。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代前面整句话的内容,在从句中作主语,故B项正确。
【典例】
Shaw is the only one of the employees here ______ want to accept my advice.
A. that; don’t B. who; don’t C. who; doesn’t D. which; does
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句连接词和主谓一致。句意:肖是这里唯一一个不愿接受我建议的员工。本句为定语从句修饰先行词“the only one”,且先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故关系代词应用who/that。且主语为单数,故从句谓语动词应用单数形式。故选C。
考点2:that与which,who,whom的用法区别
that和which的用法区别:
在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:
只能用that而不能用which的情形:
(1)当先行词为:all, little, few, much, none及some-, any-, no-, every-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
如:There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有什么能阻止我们进步。
(2)当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们唯一一个不能解决的问题。
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。
如:Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.
人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。
如:This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.
这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。
如:Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?
你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?
B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形:
(1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。
如:The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
我上周买的那个铅笔盒,现在不见了。
(2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。
如:The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。
如:I don’t take that which is too expensive.
我不要太贵的那一个。
who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解
在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。
如:My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.
我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?
你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?
(3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Those who want to go there come here please.
那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Anyone who is against us is our enemy.
任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
如:The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.
昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
(6) 在there be 句型中名词作先行词的定语从句多用于关系代词who(whom)。
如:There are students in our class who/whom you have met.
我们班有些学生你没见过。
(7) 当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
如:The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.
刚才你看到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.
在为我们队踢足球的最高那个运动员来自山东。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.
他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生。
(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。
如:Who is woman that you talked with just now?
刚才跟你谈话的那位女人是谁?
(4) the same as与the same that
the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。
如:She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.
她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.
她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)
考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词一览表
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
【典例】
Adolescence is the phase of life ________ youths leave childhood and head into adulthood, _______ is a difficult physical and emotional process.
A. when; which B. where; that
C. that; which D. that; what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:青春期是青少年从童年走向成年的人生阶段,是一个艰难的生理和心理过程。第一空后的从句不缺主要成分,用关系副词,先行词是phase(青春期这一阶段),表时间,定语从句中用when。第二空指代前面整个句子,此时要用which。综合可知选A。
【典例】
The Cloud Bridge is located in the Yunyang Longgang Scenic Zone,___________ live many rare species.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查where引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:云桥位于云阳龙缸风景区,那里有很多稀有物种。此处“the Yunyang Longgang Scenic Zone”是先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句用在句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where。定语从句运用的是全部倒装,故选C。
考点4 “介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句
1. 概述
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体,使用的关系代词一般是which。whom既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构:
(1)介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. =Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。
(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.
=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,of which three were English novels.
上个星期天,我从书店买回几本书,其中三本是英文小说。
He wrote a book,the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.
他写了一本书,书名我完全给忘记了。
The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.
那位老人有两个女儿,她们都是医生。
(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。
(4)介词+关系代词+名词
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.
我叫错了他的名字,为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)
2. 关系代词的选择
用于“介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which,即介词+which/whom。
【典例】
The charity fund has raised an adequate sum of money, ____ the family of the sick child can buy the kidney, which is urgently needed for the transplant surgery.
A. by which B. with which C. which D. for which
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意:慈善基金已经筹集了足够的钱,生病孩子的家人可以用这笔钱买到肾脏,这是移植手术急需的。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为“money”,主语为“the family of the sick child”,宾语为“the kidney”,正常的句子应该是the family of the sick child can buy the kidney with money,此处with表示方式,故关系词可用介词+which引导从句。故选B。
【典例】
I don’t doubt that Amy is the lady, ______ the gold ring belongs.
A. to which B. to whom C. to whose D. to her
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意:我毫不怀疑艾米就是那位女士,那枚金戒指属于她。本句为“介词+关系代词”定语从句修饰先行词“lady”,且根据短语belong to“属于”可知,介词应用to,且先行词是人,作介词to的宾语,故关系代词用whom。故选B。


一、单项选择
1. 【2019·江苏】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
2. 【2018·江苏】Self-driving?is?an?area?_______ China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
二、语法填空
3. 【2019?浙江】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.
4. 【2019·全国Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
5. 【2019·全国Ⅲ】They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
6.【2018·全国I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
7.【2018·全国II】When the government started a soil-testing program _______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
8.【2018·浙江】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
9.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】But Sarah, _______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
三、单句改错
11. 【2019·全国Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
12. 【2019·全国Ⅲ】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
13.【2018·全国I】They also had a small pond, which they raised fish.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
14.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】 In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
15.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

一、语法填空
【2019·四川成都七中高三月考】The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest 11. (sight) in the world—the longest wall in the world. 12. (it) winding path and steep mountains take in some great scenery. The “Long Wall” has a long history—more than 2,600 years. It 13. (build) in different areas by different dynasties.
In the Qin dynasty, the First Emperor of Qin linked the northern walls 14. (prevent) aggression from northern nations. In the Han dynasty, the emperors 15. wanted to protect trade on the Silk Road extended the Great Wall into today’s western China. The Great Wall is a building project with the longest duration and at 16. cost of lives, blood, sweat and tears. It 17. (deserve) its place among the “New 7 Wonders of the World” and the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
During the construction of the Great Wall, there were many 18. (extreme) interesting stories, such as Lady Meng Jiang weeping over her husband’s death at the Great Wall, a sad but romantic love story set in the Qin dynasty. The Great Wall of China is the must-see attraction in China. Perhaps the most 19. (power) advertising words in history come from the poetic pen of Chairman Mao, “Until you reach the Great history Wall, you’re no hero.” It means getting 20. difficulties before reaching a goal.
二、短文改错
【2019·四川成都七中高三月考】Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow. They remind me my
days in senior high school which I joined in the military training. It was the first time I have lived away from my
home so I found it difficult to fit in. And the training officer was strict in me. I once thought I couldn’t stick to the
end, but anyway, I made them. The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life, but the difficulties I came across
have now become a precious memory in my life. In short, learning to regard the challenges of life as a stepping stone
to future success and make best of them.

一、语法填空
Ancient Myth—A Hit With Modern Audiences
【2020·上海高三月考】This summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient myth of Nezha. The animated film 21. (take) in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever. It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to 22. produced in Hollywood and Japan.
The film, directed by Yang Yu, was a massive undertaking(任务) from start to finish. He spent two years writing the script(剧本) and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1,600 animators. But for Yang, it was a way to prove to himself that he 23. change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.
“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,” said Yang, “Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams.”
24. (convey) the message that “your fate is in your own hands,” Yang made some changes to the original myth. Nezha was born a devil(恶魔), 25. (fate) to cause mischief(恶作剧), but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing, the third son of the Dragon King.
26. the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys, in Yang’s film, all of the characters are treated with empathy, and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate, 27. , actually, have the potential to change and become good.
Over the years, I have come across a few students labeled as “devils.” Although some misbehaved simply 28. they were not mature enough, others were trouble-making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood. Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad. As they grew up, they would have the power to change their circumstances.
If you have seen Nezha, you know 29. a terrific, entertaining film it is. But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film 30. we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly, so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate.
二、短文改错
【2019·吉林东北师大附中高三月考】It is the common phenomenon that people included the elderly people and
some young people will gather in the dancing square late in the evening. This is linking to the fact that people’s
physical and mental life develop rapid. When it comes to square dance, it has universally acknowledged that it made a
great difference to people’s life. For example, not only dancing promote people’s relationship, but also it makes
contributions to people’s health. However, dancing also has some disadvantage of its own. When being dancing, the
dancing women play loud music unconsciously, that gives rise to dissatisfaction.
答案和解析

一、单项选择
1. 【答案】C
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为“an age”(一个时代),且先行词在从句中作时间状语,所以关系词用when。故选C。
2. 【答案】B
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为“area”,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。
二、语法填空
3. 【答案】that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是“cloth”,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
4. 【答案】which
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为“the pet shop”,在非限制性定语从句中作“opened”一词的宾语,故用which。
5. 【答案】who
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意:它们被主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为“masters”(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【答案】that which
【解题思路】考查定语从句的关系词。此处“a study”是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
7.【答案】that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词“gives”可知,该空缺少主语,指代“program”并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
8.【答案】who/that
【解题思路】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是“westerners”指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that。
9.【答案】which
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“which is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的“to have too much of both”。故填which。
10.【答案】who;to prove 
【解题思路】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后面是一个定语从句,缺少连接词,代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语,故填who。
三、单句改错
11. 【答案】where→when
【解题思路】考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是“one afternoon”,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。
12.【答案】what→that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。先行词“environment”在从句中作主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
13.【答案】which改成in which或where
【解题思路】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处“a small pond”是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。
14.【答案】that改为which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。该处前有逗号,后句为非限制性定语从句,故用which。
15.【答案】they→that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句,而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time”也是一个单句,在这种情况下,要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接,要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看,这里变为定语从句更为合理,故把they改为that/which。

一、语法填空
【答案】
11.sights
12.Its
13.was built
14.to prevent
15.who/that
16.the
17.deserves
18.extremely
19.powerful
20.over
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最伟大的景观之一——中国长城。
11.考查名词。句意:中国的长城是世界上最伟大的景观之一——世界上最长的城墙。one of +可数名词复数,表示“……中之一”,所以填sights。
12.考查代词。句意:它的蜿蜒的小路和陡峭的山峦构成了美丽的风景。文中表示“它的”,句子第一个单词的首字母大写,所以填Its。
13.考查时态和语态。句意:它是由不同的朝代在不同的地区建造的。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时。“它”和“建造”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填was built。
14.考查不定式。句意:在秦朝,秦始皇把北方的城墙连接起来,以防止北方民族的侵略。作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to prevent。
15.考查定语从句。句意:在汉代,皇帝想要保护丝绸之路的贸易,将长城延伸到今天的中国西部。“15._______ wanted to protect trade on the Silk Road”是一个定语从句,修饰先行词“the emperors”,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who/that。
16.考查冠词。句意:长城是一项持续时间最长,以生命、鲜血、汗水和眼泪为代价的建筑工程。“at the cost of”以…为代价,该短语是固定短语,所以填the。
17.考查时态。句意:它应该被列入“世界新七大奇迹”和联合国教科文组织世界遗产。描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时。主语“it”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以填deserves。
18.考查副词。句意:在修筑长城的过程中,有许多非常有趣的故事。该空修饰形容词interesting,用副词,所以填extremely。
19.考查形容词。句意:也许历史上最有力的广告词来自毛主席的诗句:“不到长城非好汉。”该空修饰名词“advertising words”,用形容词,所以填powerful。
20.考查固定短语。句意:它意味着在达到目标之前克服困难。get over克服,该短语是固定短语,所以填over。
二、短文改错
【答案】
第一处: grow→growth
第二处: me之后加of
第三处: which→when
第四处: have→had
第五处: strict后的in→with
第六处: them→it
第七处: easy→easier
第八处: but→and
第九处: learning→learn
第十处: best前面加the
【解题思路】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过回忆自己在高中时参加军训的日子,说明生活中的挑战对我们的成长至关重要。
第一处:考查名词。句意:生活中的挑战对我们的成长至关重要。介词之后,用名词,所以grow改成growth。
第二处:考查介词。句意:他们使我想起了我在高中时参加军训的日子。remind sb. of sth.使某人想起……,该句型是固定句型,所以me之后加of。
第三处:考查定语从句。句意:他们使我想起了我在高中时参加军训的日子。这里含有一个定语从句,先行词是“my days”,关系词在从句中作时间状语,所以which改成when。
第四处:考查时态。句意:这是我第一次离家生活,所以我觉得很难适应。This / That/ It is/ was+the+序数词+名词+从句(从句中的时态要用完成时态。如前为is,则用现在完成时;如前为was,则用过去完成时),所以have改成had。
第五处:考查介词。句意:教官对我要求很严格。be strict with对……严格,该短语是固定短语,所以in改成with。
第六处:考查代词。句意:我曾经认为我不能坚持到最后,但无论如何,我做到了。make it成功,该用法是固定用法,所以them改成it。
第七处:考查比较级。句意:这些努力让我更容易适应生活,并且我遇到的困难现在已经成为我生命中珍贵的记忆。文中表示“更容易适应生活”,在进行比较,much修饰比较级,所以easy改成easier。
第八处:考查连词。句意:这些努力让我更容易适应生活,并且我遇到的困难现在已经成为我生命中珍贵的记忆。文中前后句之间是并列关系,所以but改成and。
第九处:考查祈使句。句意:简而言之,学会把生活中的挑战当作通向未来成功的垫脚石,并充分利用它们。祈使句用动词原形,所以learning改成learn。
第十处:考查固定短语。句意:简而言之,学会把生活中的挑战当作通向未来成功的垫脚石,并充分利用它们。make the best of充分利用,该短语是固定短语,所以best前面加the。

一、语法填空
【答案】
21.has taken
22.those
23.could
24.To convey
25.fated
26.Despite
27.who
28.because
29.what
30.that
【解题思路】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了取得巨大成功的国产动画电影《哪吒之魔童降世》幕后的创作故事。
21.考查时态。句意:这部动画片票房已超过40亿元,成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一。此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,应该用现在完成时,主语是“The animated film”,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填has taken。
22.考查指示代词。句意:事实证明,中国可以制作出与好莱坞和日本相当的动画片。此处指代与“animated films”同一类事物,表示“它们”,故填those。
23.考查情态动词。句意:但对杨来说,这是一种向自己证明他可以改变自己命运的方式,也可以激励别人改变自己的命运。此处表示过去的能力,表示“能、可以”,故填could。
24.考查不定式。句意:为了传达“命运掌握在自己手中”,杨对原来的神话做了一些改变。根据句意可知此处表示目的,用不定式做目的状语,故填To convey。
25.考查非谓语动词。句意:哪吒生来就是个恶魔,注定要捣蛋。be fated to do表示“命中注定会……”,此处省略be做状语,故填fated。
26.考查介词。句意:尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚,但在杨的电影中,所有的角色都受到了同情,甚至连坏人也成为了命运的牺牲品,他们实际上有改变和变好的可能。根据句意可知此处表示“尽管”,空后接的是名词“the ancient myth”(是being very clear about 的逻辑主语)而不是句子,故填介词Despite。
27.考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上,此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代先行词“victims”(指人)并在从句中做主语,故填who。
28.考查连词。句意:虽然有些人的错误行为仅仅是因为他们不够成熟,但也有些人在心情不好的时候会制造麻烦,不合作。根据句意可知前后是因果关系,此处表示原因,故填because。
29.考查感叹句。句意:如果你看过《哪吒》,你就会知道这是一部多么精彩、多么有趣的电影。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处为“what+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数”形式的感叹句,故填what。
30.考查同位语从句。句意:但影片中也传达出一个重要的教训,那就是不要对自己或他人过于苛刻,以免让那些消极的判断左右我们的命运。此处为同位语从句,解释“lesson”的具体内容,从句成分完整,故用that仅起连接作用,无实义,故填that。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1. the →a
2. included →including
3. linking →linked
4. rapid →rapidly
5. has →is
6. made →makes
7. only后面加上does
8. disadvantage →disadvantages
9. 去掉being
10. that →which
【解题思路】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了老人和年轻人在晚上跳广场舞的优点和缺点。
1.考查冠词。句意:人们会在晚上聚集在跳舞广场,包括老人和一些年轻人,这是一个普遍的现象。phenomenon为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且common为辅音音素开头单词,故用a。故the改为a。
2.考查介词。句意同上。此处表示“包括……在内”应用介词including。故included改为including。
3.考查固定搭配。句意:这与人们的身心发展迅速有关。表示“与……有关”短语为be linked to。故linking改为linked。
4.考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词develop应用副词形式,故rapid改为rapidly。
5.考查固定句式。句意:说到广场舞,它给人们的生活带来了巨大的变化,这是众所周知的。固定句式it is acknowledged that…表示“众所周知……”,故has改为is。
6.考查动词时态。句意同上。结合上下文可知,描述客观事实用一般现在时,此处主语为“it”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故made改为makes。
7.考查倒装句。句意:例如,跳舞不仅促进了人们的关系,而且对人们的健康做出了贡献。在not only…but also结构中,当not only否定词开头时,需要用部分倒装。此处结合后文“dancing promote people’s relationship”可知,应添加助动词does。故only后面加上does。
8.考查名词的数。句意:然而,跳广场舞也有它自己的一些缺点。disadvantage为可数名词,由“some”修饰应用复数形式。故disadvantage改为disadvantages。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:跳舞的女人在跳舞的时候,会不自觉地把音乐放得很响,这就会引起不满。分析句子结构可知,“dance”在句中作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语“women”构成主动关系用现在分词。故去掉being。
10.考查定语从句关系词。句意同上。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,应用which引导。故that改为which。


定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类,其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词,不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。因此在学习定语从句时,务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2020年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。仍将不会仅单纯考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。

定语从句是高考的热点,对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容:1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词;2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词;3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;4.介词+关系代词的用法;5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断;6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
考点1:关系代词一览表
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who

主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom

宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working.
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.
whose
人,物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that
人,物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which

主语
宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人,物
主语
宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
【典例】
This factory _____ produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution.
A. which B. where C. it D. what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这家造纸厂昨天关闭了,因为它造成了太多的污染。此处“factory”是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句作主语,所以这里用which或that引导定语从句,故选A。
【典例】
He was admitted to Harvard University, ________ was just what his parents expected.
A. who B. which
C. what D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意:他被哈佛大学录取了,这正是他的父母所期望的。此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代前面整句话的内容,在从句中作主语,故B项正确。
【典例】
Shaw is the only one of the employees here ______ want to accept my advice.
A. that; don’t B. who; don’t C. who; doesn’t D. which; does
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句连接词和主谓一致。句意:肖是这里唯一一个不愿接受我建议的员工。本句为定语从句修饰先行词“the only one”,且先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故关系代词应用who/that。且主语为单数,故从句谓语动词应用单数形式。故选C。
考点2:that与which,who,whom的用法区别
that和which的用法区别:
在定语从句中,关系代词which和 that都可指物,一般情况下,可以互换使用。但在下列情况下值得注意:
只能用that而不能用which的情形:
(1)当先行词为:all, little, few, much, none及some-, any-, no-, every-与thing所组成的复合单词时,只能用that。
如:There is nothing that will stop us making progress. 没有什么能阻止我们进步。
(2)当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the only problem that we can’t work out. 这是我们唯一一个不能解决的问题。
(3) 当先行词由形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用that。
如:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 这是我读过的最有趣的书。
(4) 当先行词同时包括人和物时,只能用that。
如:Lu Xun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great.
人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
(5) 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。
如:This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.
这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时,只能用that。
如:Which is the picture that you drew yesterday?
你昨天画的那张画是哪一张?
B. 只能用which而不能用that的情形:
(1) 当非限制性定语从句中的先行词指物时,只能用which。
如:The pencil-case, which I bought last week, is missing.
我上周买的那个铅笔盒,现在不见了。
(2) 关系代词前面有介词时,只能用which。
如:The tree under which we used to take a rest has been cut down.
我们过去常在下面休息的那棵树已砍掉了。
(3) 先行词为代词that或that所修饰时,只能用which。
如:I don’t take that which is too expensive.
我不要太贵的那一个。
who (whom) 和that的用法区别详解
在定语从句中,关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在一般情况下,可以互换使用,但在下列情况下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时,只能用who (whom)。
如:My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas.
我姐姐,她在国外学习,就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。
(2) 当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students?
你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗?
(3) 当先行词为people和those时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Those who want to go there come here please.
那些想去那儿的人请来这边。
(4) 当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时,只能用who (whom)。
如:Anyone who is against us is our enemy.
任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。
(5) 先行词指人,而关系代词在从句中作主语时,一般多用who。
如:The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days.
昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。
(6) 在there be 句型中名词作先行词的定语从句多用于关系代词who(whom)。
如:There are students in our class who/whom you have met.
我们班有些学生你没见过。
(7) 当句子中两个指人的先行词分别带有两个定语从句时,若一个定语从句的引导词为that,那么,另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。
如:The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university.
刚才你看到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。
二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形
(1) 当先行词前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong.
在为我们队踢足球的最高那个运动员来自山东。
(2) 当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very等形容词修饰时,引导词只能用that。
如:He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher.
他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生。
(3) 当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时,引导词只能用that。
如:Who is woman that you talked with just now?
刚才跟你谈话的那位女人是谁?
(4) the same as与the same that
the same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物;the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物,即:同一事物。
如:She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago.
她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago.
她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)
考点3 关系副词引导的定语从句
1、关系副词一览表
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
【典例】
Adolescence is the phase of life ________ youths leave childhood and head into adulthood, _______ is a difficult physical and emotional process.
A. when; which B. where; that
C. that; which D. that; what
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意:青春期是青少年从童年走向成年的人生阶段,是一个艰难的生理和心理过程。第一空后的从句不缺主要成分,用关系副词,先行词是phase(青春期这一阶段),表时间,定语从句中用when。第二空指代前面整个句子,此时要用which。综合可知选A。
【典例】
The Cloud Bridge is located in the Yunyang Longgang Scenic Zone,___________ live many rare species.
A. which B. that C. where D. what
【答案】C
【解析】考查where引导的非限制性定语从句。句意:云桥位于云阳龙缸风景区,那里有很多稀有物种。此处“the Yunyang Longgang Scenic Zone”是先行词,在后面的非限制性定语从句用在句中作地点状语,所以关系副词为where。定语从句运用的是全部倒装,故选C。
考点4 “介词+关系代词”以及关系副词引导的定语从句
1. 概述
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式文体,使用的关系代词一般是which。whom既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构:
(1)介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. =Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice. 曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。
(2)名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词
Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,three of which were English novels.
=Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore,of which three were English novels.
上个星期天,我从书店买回几本书,其中三本是英文小说。
He wrote a book,the name of which I’ve completely forgotten.
他写了一本书,书名我完全给忘记了。
The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.
那位老人有两个女儿,她们都是医生。
(3)形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。
(4)介词+关系代词+名词
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.
我叫错了他的名字,为此我向他表示了歉意。(不能使用whose)
2. 关系代词的选择
用于“介词+关系代词”结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which,即介词+which/whom。
【典例】
The charity fund has raised an adequate sum of money, ____ the family of the sick child can buy the kidney, which is urgently needed for the transplant surgery.
A. by which B. with which C. which D. for which
【答案】B
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句关系词。句意:慈善基金已经筹集了足够的钱,生病孩子的家人可以用这笔钱买到肾脏,这是移植手术急需的。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词为“money”,主语为“the family of the sick child”,宾语为“the kidney”,正常的句子应该是the family of the sick child can buy the kidney with money,此处with表示方式,故关系词可用介词+which引导从句。故选B。
【典例】
I don’t doubt that Amy is the lady, ______ the gold ring belongs.
A. to which B. to whom C. to whose D. to her
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句连接词。句意:我毫不怀疑艾米就是那位女士,那枚金戒指属于她。本句为“介词+关系代词”定语从句修饰先行词“lady”,且根据短语belong to“属于”可知,介词应用to,且先行词是人,作介词to的宾语,故关系代词用whom。故选B。


一、单项选择
1. 【2019·江苏】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
A. which B. what C. when D. that
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经进入到了一个时代,在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为“an age”(一个时代),且先行词在从句中作时间状语,所以关系词用when。故选C。
2. 【2018·江苏】Self-driving?is?an?area?_______ China?and?the?rest?of?the?world?are?on?the?same?starting line.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意:无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为“area”,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。
二、语法填空
3. 【2019?浙江】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth __________ gives off light in the dark.
【答案】that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是“cloth”,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。
4. 【2019·全国Ⅱ】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __________ she opened with her late husband Les.
【答案】which
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为“the pet shop”,在非限制性定语从句中作“opened”一词的宾语,故用which。
5. 【2019·全国Ⅲ】They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
【答案】who
【解题思路】考查定语从句。句意:它们被主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为“masters”(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。
6.【2018·全国I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】that which
【解题思路】考查定语从句的关系词。此处“a study”是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
7.【2018·全国II】When the government started a soil-testing program _______ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词“gives”可知,该空缺少主语,指代“program”并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
8.【2018·浙江】Many westerners ______ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that
【解题思路】考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句,先行词是“westerners”指人,在定语从句中做主语,用关系代词who/that引导,故填who/that。
9.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.
【答案】which
【解题思路】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知“which is not good for the health”为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前文中的“to have too much of both”。故填which。
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】But Sarah, _______ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】who;to prove 
【解题思路】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空后面是一个定语从句,缺少连接词,代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语,故填who。
三、单句改错
11. 【2019·全国Ⅰ】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】where→when
【解题思路】考查定语从句。本句是含有定语从句的复合句,先行词是“one afternoon”,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,所以此处应用表示时间的when。故将where改为when。
12. 【2019·全国Ⅲ】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】what→that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。先行词“environment”在从句中作主语,指物,关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。
13.【2018·全国I】They also had a small pond, which they raised fish.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】which改成in which或where
【解题思路】考查定语从句的关系词。句意:他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处“a small pond”是先行词,其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。
14.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】 In their spare time,they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】that改为which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。该处前有逗号,后句为非限制性定语从句,故用which。
15.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】they→that/which
【解题思路】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,前面的倒装句“Around me in the picture are the things…”是一个单句,而后面的“…they were very important in my life at that time”也是一个单句,在这种情况下,要么在两个单句之间用并列连词连接,要么把后面这个单句变为从句。从句意上看,这里变为定语从句更为合理,故把they改为that/which。

一、语法填空
【2019·四川成都七中高三月考】The Great Wall of China is one of the greatest 11. (sight) in the world—the longest wall in the world. 12. (it) winding path and steep mountains take in some great scenery. The “Long Wall” has a long history—more than 2,600 years. It 13. (build) in different areas by different dynasties.
In the Qin dynasty, the First Emperor of Qin linked the northern walls 14. (prevent) aggression from northern nations. In the Han dynasty, the emperors 15. wanted to protect trade on the Silk Road extended the Great Wall into today’s western China. The Great Wall is a building project with the longest duration and at 16. cost of lives, blood, sweat and tears. It 17. (deserve) its place among the “New 7 Wonders of the World” and the UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
During the construction of the Great Wall, there were many 18. (extreme) interesting stories, such as Lady Meng Jiang weeping over her husband’s death at the Great Wall, a sad but romantic love story set in the Qin dynasty. The Great Wall of China is the must-see attraction in China. Perhaps the most 19. (power) advertising words in history come from the poetic pen of Chairman Mao, “Until you reach the Great history Wall, you’re no hero.” It means getting 20. difficulties before reaching a goal.
【答案】
11.sights
12.Its
13.was built
14.to prevent
15.who/that
16.the
17.deserves
18.extremely
19.powerful
20.over
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最伟大的景观之一——中国长城。
11.考查名词。句意:中国的长城是世界上最伟大的景观之一——世界上最长的城墙。one of +可数名词复数,表示“……中之一”,所以填sights。
12.考查代词。句意:它的蜿蜒的小路和陡峭的山峦构成了美丽的风景。文中表示“它的”,句子第一个单词的首字母大写,所以填Its。
13.考查时态和语态。句意:它是由不同的朝代在不同的地区建造的。描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时。“它”和“建造”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,所以填was built。
14.考查不定式。句意:在秦朝,秦始皇把北方的城墙连接起来,以防止北方民族的侵略。作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to prevent。
15.考查定语从句。句意:在汉代,皇帝想要保护丝绸之路的贸易,将长城延伸到今天的中国西部。“15._______ wanted to protect trade on the Silk Road”是一个定语从句,修饰先行词“the emperors”,关系词在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who/that。
16.考查冠词。句意:长城是一项持续时间最长,以生命、鲜血、汗水和眼泪为代价的建筑工程。“at the cost of”以…为代价,该短语是固定短语,所以填the。
17.考查时态。句意:它应该被列入“世界新七大奇迹”和联合国教科文组织世界遗产。描述主语现在的状态,用一般现在时。主语“it”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,所以填deserves。
18.考查副词。句意:在修筑长城的过程中,有许多非常有趣的故事。该空修饰形容词interesting,用副词,所以填extremely。
19.考查形容词。句意:也许历史上最有力的广告词来自毛主席的诗句:“不到长城非好汉。”该空修饰名词“advertising words”,用形容词,所以填powerful。
20.考查固定短语。句意:它意味着在达到目标之前克服困难。get over克服,该短语是固定短语,所以填over。
二、短文改错
【2019·四川成都七中高三月考】Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow. They remind me my days in senior high school which I joined in the military training. It was the first time I have lived away from my home so I found it difficult to fit in. And the training officer was strict in me. I once thought I couldn’t stick to the end, but anyway, I made them. The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life, but the difficulties I came across have now become a precious memory in my life. In short, learning to regard the challenges of life as a stepping stone to future success and make best of them.
【答案】
第一处: grow→growth
第二处: me之后加of
第三处: which→when
第四处: have→had
第五处: strict后的in→with
第六处: them→it
第七处: easy→easier
第八处: but→and
第九处: learning→learn
第十处: best前面加the
【解题思路】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章作者通过回忆自己在高中时参加军训的日子,说明生活中的挑战对我们的成长至关重要。
第一处:考查名词。句意:生活中的挑战对我们的成长至关重要。介词之后,用名词,所以grow改成growth。
第二处:考查介词。句意:他们使我想起了我在高中时参加军训的日子。remind sb. of sth.使某人想起……,该句型是固定句型,所以me之后加of。
第三处:考查定语从句。句意:他们使我想起了我在高中时参加军训的日子。这里含有一个定语从句,先行词是“my days”,关系词在从句中作时间状语,所以which改成when。
第四处:考查时态。句意:这是我第一次离家生活,所以我觉得很难适应。This / That/ It is/ was+the+序数词+名词+从句(从句中的时态要用完成时态。如前为is,则用现在完成时;如前为was,则用过去完成时),所以have改成had。
第五处:考查介词。句意:教官对我要求很严格。be strict with对……严格,该短语是固定短语,所以in改成with。
第六处:考查代词。句意:我曾经认为我不能坚持到最后,但无论如何,我做到了。make it成功,该用法是固定用法,所以them改成it。
第七处:考查比较级。句意:这些努力让我更容易适应生活,并且我遇到的困难现在已经成为我生命中珍贵的记忆。文中表示“更容易适应生活”,在进行比较,much修饰比较级,所以easy改成easier。
第八处:考查连词。句意:这些努力让我更容易适应生活,并且我遇到的困难现在已经成为我生命中珍贵的记忆。文中前后句之间是并列关系,所以but改成and。
第九处:考查祈使句。句意:简而言之,学会把生活中的挑战当作通向未来成功的垫脚石,并充分利用它们。祈使句用动词原形,所以learning改成learn。
第十处:考查固定短语。句意:简而言之,学会把生活中的挑战当作通向未来成功的垫脚石,并充分利用它们。make the best of充分利用,该短语是固定短语,所以best前面加the。

一、语法填空
Ancient Myth—A Hit With Modern Audiences
【2020·上海高三月考】This summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient myth of Nezha. The animated film 21. (take) in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever. It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to 22. produced in Hollywood and Japan.
The film, directed by Yang Yu, was a massive undertaking(任务) from start to finish. He spent two years writing the script(剧本) and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1,600 animators. But for Yang, it was a way to prove to himself that he 23. change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.
“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,” said Yang, “Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams.”
24. (convey) the message that “your fate is in your own hands,” Yang made some changes to the original myth. Nezha was born a devil(恶魔), 25. (fate) to cause mischief(恶作剧), but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing, the third son of the Dragon King.
26. the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys, in Yang’s film, all of the characters are treated with empathy, and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate, 27. , actually, have the potential to change and become good.
Over the years, I have come across a few students labeled as “devils.” Although some misbehaved simply 28. they were not mature enough, others were trouble-making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood. Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad. As they grew up, they would have the power to change their circumstances.
If you have seen Nezha, you know 29. a terrific, entertaining film it is. But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film 30. we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly, so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate.
【答案】
21.has taken
22.those
23.could
24.To convey
25.fated
26.Despite
27.who
28.because
29.what
30.that
【解题思路】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了取得巨大成功的国产动画电影《哪吒之魔童降世》幕后的创作故事。
21.考查时态。句意:这部动画片票房已超过40亿元,成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一。此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响,应该用现在完成时,主语是“The animated film”,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填has taken。
22.考查指示代词。句意:事实证明,中国可以制作出与好莱坞和日本相当的动画片。此处指代与“animated films”同一类事物,表示“它们”,故填those。
23.考查情态动词。句意:但对杨来说,这是一种向自己证明他可以改变自己命运的方式,也可以激励别人改变自己的命运。此处表示过去的能力,表示“能、可以”,故填could。
24.考查不定式。句意:为了传达“命运掌握在自己手中”,杨对原来的神话做了一些改变。根据句意可知此处表示目的,用不定式做目的状语,故填To convey。
25.考查非谓语动词。句意:哪吒生来就是个恶魔,注定要捣蛋。be fated to do表示“命中注定会……”,此处省略be做状语,故填fated。
26.考查介词。句意:尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚,但在杨的电影中,所有的角色都受到了同情,甚至连坏人也成为了命运的牺牲品,他们实际上有改变和变好的可能。根据句意可知此处表示“尽管”,空后接的是名词“the ancient myth”(是being very clear about 的逻辑主语)而不是句子,故填介词Despite。
27.考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上,此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代先行词“victims”(指人)并在从句中做主语,故填who。
28.考查连词。句意:虽然有些人的错误行为仅仅是因为他们不够成熟,但也有些人在心情不好的时候会制造麻烦,不合作。根据句意可知前后是因果关系,此处表示原因,故填because。
29.考查感叹句。句意:如果你看过《哪吒》,你就会知道这是一部多么精彩、多么有趣的电影。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处为“what+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数”形式的感叹句,故填what。
30.考查同位语从句。句意:但影片中也传达出一个重要的教训,那就是不要对自己或他人过于苛刻,以免让那些消极的判断左右我们的命运。此处为同位语从句,解释“lesson”的具体内容,从句成分完整,故用that仅起连接作用,无实义,故填that。
二、短文改错
【2019·吉林东北师大附中高三月考】It is the common phenomenon that people included the elderly people and some young people will gather in the dancing square late in the evening. This is linking to the fact that people’s physical and mental life develop rapid. When it comes to square dance, it has universally acknowledged that it made a great difference to people’s life. For example, not only dancing promote people’s relationship, but also it makes contributions to people’s health. However, dancing also has some disadvantage of its own. When being dancing, the dancing women play loud music unconsciously, that gives rise to dissatisfaction.
【答案】
1. the →a
2. included →including
3. linking →linked
4. rapid →rapidly
5. has →is
6. made →makes
7. only后面加上does
8. disadvantage →disadvantages
9. 去掉being
10. that →which
【解题思路】这是一篇议论文。主要论述了老人和年轻人在晚上跳广场舞的优点和缺点。
1.考查冠词。句意:人们会在晚上聚集在跳舞广场,包括老人和一些年轻人,这是一个普遍的现象。phenomenon为可数名词,此处表示泛指,应用不定冠词,且common为辅音音素开头单词,故用a。故the改为a。
2.考查介词。句意同上。此处表示“包括……在内”应用介词including。故included改为including。
3.考查固定搭配。句意:这与人们的身心发展迅速有关。表示“与……有关”短语为be linked to。故linking改为linked。
4.考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词develop应用副词形式,故rapid改为rapidly。
5.考查固定句式。句意:说到广场舞,它给人们的生活带来了巨大的变化,这是众所周知的。固定句式it is acknowledged that…表示“众所周知……”,故has改为is。
6.考查动词时态。句意同上。结合上下文可知,描述客观事实用一般现在时,此处主语为“it”,谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故made改为makes。
7.考查倒装句。句意:例如,跳舞不仅促进了人们的关系,而且对人们的健康做出了贡献。在not only…but also结构中,当not only否定词开头时,需要用部分倒装。此处结合后文“dancing promote people’s relationship”可知,应添加助动词does。故only后面加上does。
8.考查名词的数。句意:然而,跳广场舞也有它自己的一些缺点。disadvantage为可数名词,由“some”修饰应用复数形式。故disadvantage改为disadvantages。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意:跳舞的女人在跳舞的时候,会不自觉地把音乐放得很响,这就会引起不满。分析句子结构可知,“dance”在句中作非谓语动词,与逻辑主语“women”构成主动关系用现在分词。故去掉being。
10.考查定语从句关系词。句意同上。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子,且从句中缺少主语,应用which引导。故that改为which。