动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：
要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。
高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。
学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。
2020年高考时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。
动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
考点1 一般现在时与现在进行时
1．一般现在时
（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件
【典例】
—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
【答案】A
【解析】飞机起飞的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。
（2）考查表示特征、能力或现在的情况或状态
【典例】
This machine . It hasn’t worked for years.
A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working
C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working
【答案】C
【解析】机器闲置了很多年。所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现在的状态，故答案为C。
【典例】
The house belongs to my aunt but she here anymore.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. had lived D. doesn’t live
【答案】D
【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现在的情况，答案应为D。
（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实
【典例】
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called
【答案】B
【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。
2．现在进行时
（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事
【典例】
I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。
（2）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作
常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。
【典例】
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
【答案】B
【解析】答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。
从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时区别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下：
一般现在时：习惯性、永久性、客观事实
现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感彩
考点2 一般过去时与过去进行时
一般过去时
主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况
【典例】
It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
【答案】D
【解析】句中的“the early”说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。
【典例】
My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then went to America.
worked
would work
would be working
has been working
【答案】A
【解析】此题中的“two years ago” 说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。
2．过去进行时
（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成
【典例】
—Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
【答案】C
【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，但今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。
（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作
【典例】
—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower.
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：
一般过去时：完成性
过去进行时：未完成
考点3 现成完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成时
（1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果
【典例】
Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are retouring.
achieved
has achieved
will achieve
had achieve
【答案】B
【解析】尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。
（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作
【典例】
My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
【答案】D
【解析】此题中的时间状语“all his life” 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。
【典例】
My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
【答案】C
【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。
现在完成进行时
主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能继续延续下去的动作
【典例】
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. has considered B. has been considering
C. consider D.is going to consider
【答案】B
【解析】因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定，所以答案为B。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：
现在完成时： 完成性 强调动作的结果
现在完成进行时：未完成性 动作在不久前持续进行的情景
考点4 主动表示被动的三种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。
常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。
常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
【典例】
The roast duck_______ delicious and a lot_______ in two hours.
A. was tasted； was sold
B. tasted； was sold
C. was tasted； sold
D. tasted； would sell
【答案】B
【解析】根据所给情景，“taste”应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。
3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。
【典例】
______is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games _______ every four years.
A. It; are held B. As; take place
C. That; happen D. As; break out
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中“as”引导的定语从句修饰“the Olympic ... ”整个句子，“take place”相当于“are held”，所以答案为B。
一、语法填空
1.【2019·全国卷I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
2.【2019·全国卷 II】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years.
3.【2019·浙江卷】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
4.【2019·浙江卷】One study in America found that students' grades ______ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
5.【2018·全国卷Ⅰ】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
6.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】Since 2011, the country （grow）more corn than rice.
7.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ___ ___ (start) a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
8.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
9.【2018·浙江卷】While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
11.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
13.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
14.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.
15.【2017·浙江卷6月考】Pahlsson and her husband ________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.
二、句子改错
16.【2019·全国卷Ⅲ】Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
17.【2018·全国卷Ⅰ】During my last winter holiday, I find a change there.
18.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】 I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
19.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
20.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
21.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
22.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
语法填空
As a new reporter, Zhou Yang is more than 1 (delight) at his first- day experience in China Daily, 2 important and popular English newspaper. He is eager to go out on a story, 3 he can’t get the 4 (approve) of his new boss Hu Xin, because he is merely a green hand. Now Hu Xin is instructing him how to be a good reporter.
At the very beginning, he will work as an assistant to an experienced journalist to become 5 (technical) good. Later, only if he acquires 6 (many) skills than expected can he cover a story on his own. Besides, he is supposed to be curious, for there are many cases 7 reporters should ask many different questions so that they can get necessary information. Of course, it is vital for a reporter to have a good “nose” 8 a story, knowing if someone is telling the truth. And while interviewing people, a reporter must listen to the answers carefully. If possible, a reporter can record the interview in case he 9 (accuse) of getting the wrong end of the stick. Last but not least, make sure to submit the article in time so as not 10 (miss) the deadline.
After hearing Hu Xin’s advice, Zhou Yang is looking forward to his first assignment very much.
一、语法填空
Confucius(孔子) is honored 1 setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years. He is thought to be a great educator. However, he is also a 2 (talent) musician who was able to play several instruments expertly. Perhaps nowadays for people around the world, music 3 (mean) mainly for amusement. But during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500 BC, music 4 (have) an important role in making society stable.
How music was used and performed is expressed in several main Confucian books Confucius taught that 5 (educate) somebody, you should start with poems emphasize ceremonies, and finish with music
Musical knowledge was 6 matter of higher learning. It is said that he thought of the six most important subjects to study, 7 (rank) music higher than the other five necessary subjects like writing and mathematics.
Music was important because the ideal society was to be governed by ritual(礼制) functions, but not by law. In a culture 8 people fun_ction according to ritual music is used to help govern them. So music wasn’t really 9 (entertain), but a means for musicians to accomplish political and social goals. Music is 10 (eventual) a means for social happiness.
二、短文改错
On August 21, I was working on my homework, a composition titling “My Hero/Heroine”. I stuck at the very
beginning, trying to figure out what would be my hero/heroine.
Attracted by the cheers from the living room, I opened the door only to find my parents were watching the
volleyball matches of women’s final. Then I decided to take the break and joined in them. The sense of nervousness was
overwhelming as the score was quite closely between China and its opponent.
To our delight, China won in the end. We couldn't help feel proud as Chinese! The volleyball players had trained
so hard before and fight till the last minute. Without doubt, they were not only my heroines, and the heroines of China!
I started to write my composition.
答案和解析
一、语法填空
1.【答案】have reported
【解题思路】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
2.【答案】have made
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
3.【答案】will have/has
【解题思路】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
4.【答案】improved
【解题思路】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
5.【答案】is; than
【解题思路】考查动词时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
6.【答案】has grown
【解题思路】考查动词时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。
7.【答案】started; that/which
【解题思路】考查动词时态。本句是“when”引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代“program”并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
8.【答案】 meant
【解题思路】考查动词时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺谓语，再根据总体时态可判断要用一般过去时。故填meant。
9.【答案】 have become
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知用现在完成时，“seems to”后用动词原形，故填have become。
10.【答案】are removed
【解题思路】考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知“fat”， “salt”和“remove”之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
11.【答案】were used; fairly
【解题思路】考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力，根据上下文语境，可知此处要用一般过去时；考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
12.【答案】managed
【解题思路】考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。
13.【答案】has been told/was told
【解题思路】考查动词时态和语态。“tell”后接双宾语，因此可判断此句用被动语态；再根据后面句子的时态可判断用现在完成时或一般过去时。
14.【答案】comes
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据“at the moment”可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
15.【答案】searched; swept
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched;考查过去分词。此处是“get done”结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
二、句子改错
16.【答案】required改为 requires
【解题思路】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现在时。故把 required改为 requires。
17.【答案】find改为found
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据前文中的“During my last winter holiday”可知时态为一般过去时，故将find改为found。
18.【答案】are改为were
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据上下文语境，可知此处要用一般过去时，故把are改为were。
19.【答案】begin改为begun
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。
20.【答案】goes改为went
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据语境可知，句子用一般现在时。
21.【答案】came改为comes; students后加to
【解题思路】考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时; 考查固定结构。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。
22.【答案】had改为have
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据本句中的时间状语“in the past few years”可知这个句子用现在完成时。
语法填空
【答案】
1. delighted 2.an 3.but 4.approval 5.technically
6. more 7.where 8.for 9.is accused 10.to miss
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过新手记者周洋与主编之间的谈话讲述了如何成为一个好记者。
1．考查形容词。句意：作为一名新记者，周洋对自己在《中国日报》的第一天工作感到非常高兴。《中国日报》是一份重要且受欢迎的英文报纸。分析可知，句子结构为主系表结构，Zhou Yang 为主语，is 为系动词，more than 理解为“非常”，可用来修饰形容词。所给词delight，动词，意为“使高兴”，修饰人的形容词为-ed结尾。故填delighted。
2．考查冠词。句意：作为一名新记者，周洋对自己在《中国日报》的第一天工作感到非常高兴。《中国日报》是一份重要且受欢迎的英文报纸。___2___ important and popular English newspaper 短语结构应为：a/an+形容词+名词。空之后为important，元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
3．考查连词。句意：他很想出去写一篇报道，但是他没有得到新老板胡鑫的批准，因为他只是个新手。分析前后句为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
4．考查名词。the 为定冠词，之后接名词形式。所给词approve, 为动词，意为“准许”，名词形式为approval。 故填approval。
5．考查副词。句意：一开始，他将作为一名有经验的记者的助手，在技术上变得更好。分析可知，所填空修饰之后形容词，副词修饰形容词，所给词technical，为形容词，词尾加-ly构成副词形式。故填technically。
6．考查形容词比较级。句意：之后，只有他掌握了比预期更多的技能，他才能独自报道一个故事。分析可知，形容词修饰之后的名词skills, 由之后的比较连词than可知应用比较级。故填more。
7．考查定语从句。句意：此外，他应该是好奇的，因为在许多情况下，记者应该问许多不同的问题，这样他们可以得到必要的信息。分析可知，___7___ reporters should ask many different questions so that they can get necessary information .为先行词cases的定语从句，从句主语为reporters, 谓语为should ask，宾语为many different questions, 因此先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
8．考查介词。句意：当然，对一个记者来说，对故事具有善于发现和辨别的能力是至关重要的，知道是否有人在说真话。分析可知，所填空之前为名词，之后为名词，所填空需要介词作为连接媒介，have a good nose for sth，意为“对……非常敏感，十分善于发现……”，故填for。
9．考查时态和被动语态。句意：如果可能的话，记者可以把采访记录下来，以防被指责做错了事。分析可知，所填空为谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合文章时态为一般现在时，故填 is accused。
10．考查动词不定式。句意：最后，但并非最不重要的是，确保及时提交文章，以免错过最后期限。分析可知，so as not to do sth, 意为“为了不……”， 故填to miss。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. for 2. talented 3. is meant 4. had 5. to educate
6. a 7. ranking 8. where 9. entertainment 10. eventually
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孔子时代音乐的功能：稳定社会。
1.考查固定短语。句意：孔子为中国几千年的传统音乐奠定了基调，因此备受尊崇。固定短语be honored for“因……而受到尊敬”，故填for。
2.考查形容词。句意：然而，他也是一位才华横溢的音乐家，能够熟练地演奏多种乐器。修饰名词musician应用形容词，故填talented。
3.考查动词时态语态。句意：也许现在对世界各地的人来说，音乐主要是用来娱乐的。固定短语be meant for“为……而有”，且根据上文nowadays可知应用一般现在时，主语为music谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is meant。
4.考查动词时态。句意：但在大约公元前500年的周朝，音乐在稳定社会方面发挥了重要作用。根据上文during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500 BC可知应用一般过去时，故填had。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子教导说，要教育一个人，你应该从诗歌开始，强调仪式，以音乐结束。本句中educate做目的状语应用不定式。故填to educate。
6.考查固定短语。句意：音乐知识是高等学问。a matter of ... 为固定短语，意为“……的问题”，符合句意。故填a。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，他想到了六个最重要的学科，音乐的排名高于其他五个必要的学科，如写作和数学。本句中rank做非谓语动词与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填ranking。
8.考查定语从句关系词。句意：在这样一种文化中，人们根据宗教仪式来行事，音乐被用来帮助管理他们。本句为定语从句修饰先行词 culture，从句中缺少状语，用关系副词我，结合句意，应填 where，相当于 in which。故填where。
9.考查名词。句意：所以音乐并不是真正的娱乐，而是音乐家实现政治和社会目标的一种手段。本句应填名词做表语，entertain 的名词形式为 entertainment。故填entertainment。
10.考查副词。句意：音乐最终是社会幸福的一种方式。本空应填副词来修饰整个句子，表达“最终”的意思。故填eventually。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1. titling →titled
2.stuck前添加was/got
3. what →who
4. matches →match
5. the →a
6.去掉join in中的in
7. closely →close
8. feel →feeling
9. fight →fought
10. and →but
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者和父母一起看女排决赛，最后中国队获胜，作者和父母身为中国人感到自豪的故事。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：8月21日，我正在做我的家庭作业，一篇题为“我的英雄/女英雄”的作文。分析句子结构可知title在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语composition构成被动关系，应用过去分词。故titling改为titled。
2.考查固定短语。句意：我一开始就陷入了困境，试图找出谁会成为我的英雄。短语be/get stuck at“被卡在……；困在”，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故stuck前添加was/got。
3.考查连接词。句意同上。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who。故what改为who。
4.考查名词。句意：被客厅里的欢呼声所吸引，我打开门，却发现父母正在看女排决赛。结合句意此处看比赛应为一场比赛，用名词单数形式。故matches改为match。
5.考查冠词。句意：然后我决定休息一下，加入他们。短语take a break“休息一下”。故the改为a。
6.考查介词。句意同上。短语join in表示参加（活动），通常指正在进行的活动，此处应用短语join sb.表示“加入某人”，根据句意可知，此处表示“加入他们”。故去掉in。
7.考查形容词。句意：紧张的感觉压倒一切，因为中国队和对手的比分非常接近。结合上文was可知应用形容词作表语。故closely改为close。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：作为中国人，我们不禁感到自豪!短语couldn't help doing sth.“不禁做某事”。故feel改为feeling。
9.考查时态。句意：排球运动员以前训练很刻苦，一直战斗到最后一分钟。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故fight改为fought。
10.考查连词。句意：毫无疑问，她们不仅是我的女英雄，也是中国的女英雄!根据短语not only…but(also)…“不仅……而且……”。故and改为but。
动词的时态和语态是历年高考的重点，是高考的必考点。应特别注意以下几点：
要把握各种时态的特点，注意易混淆时态间的差异；准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息；要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维。
高考中常考的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时等等。
学习时要注意总结规律，灵活使用，特别要注意一些时态的特殊用法。高考主要以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态和语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。
2020年高考时态和语态还将是高考中的重点和难点所在。
动词时态和语态是两个非常重要的语法范畴，构成了英语语法的基本框架，几乎所有动词的考查都必须要借助于时态和语态来完成。试题在考查时态和语态的同时，还兼顾其它语法内容的测试，比如各种从句、强调、倒装等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。
考点1 一般现在时与现在进行时
1．一般现在时
（1）考查表示按时间表将要发生的动作或事件
【典例】
—Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 _______ off at 18: 20.
A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken
【答案】A
【解析】飞机起飞的时间是时间表上的安排，所以无论将来什么时候发生都用一般现在时，答案应是A。
（2）考查表示特征、能力或现在的情况或状态
【典例】
This machine . It hasn’t worked for years.
A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working
C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working
【答案】C
【解析】机器闲置了很多年。所以现在的状况也是不运转的，用一般现在时表示现在的状态，故答案为C。
【典例】
The house belongs to my aunt but she here anymore.
A. hasn’t lived B. didn’t live
C. had lived D. doesn’t live
【答案】D
【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时，故不住在这里也应该是现在的情况，答案应为D。
（3）考查表示普遍真理、事实
【典例】
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
A. was called B. is called
C. had been called D. has been called
【答案】B
【解析】尽管我们横渡太平洋是几个月前的事情，但是海洋的名称是存在的事实，所以用一般现在时，答案是B。
2．现在进行时
（1）考查表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事
【典例】
I have to go to work by taxi because my car _______ at the garage.
A. will be repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】句中的谓语动词是现在时态，所以现在汽车正在被修理，故答案选C。
（2）考查表示某个按最近的计划或安排将要进行的动作、即将开始或结束的动作
常用的这类动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。
【典例】
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane _______.
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off
【答案】B
【解析】答案是B。用进行时表示飞机即将起飞。
从历届高考题可以看出，命题者在选项的设置中注重对一般现在时和现在进行时区别的考查。这两种时态的区别见下：
一般现在时：习惯性、永久性、客观事实
现在进行时：暂时性、重复性、感彩
考点2 一般过去时与过去进行时
一般过去时
主要考查表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况
【典例】
It’s said that the early European playing-cards ________ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
【答案】D
【解析】句中的“the early”说明以前欧洲扑克牌的设计是为了娱乐和教育，用一般过去时说明过去某个特定时间发生的动作或情况，答案是D。
【典例】
My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then went to America.
worked
would work
would be working
has been working
【答案】A
【解析】此题中的“two years ago” 说明是发生在过去的事情，所以答案是A。
2．过去进行时
（1）考查表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作，强调未完成
【典例】
—Has Sam finished his homework today?
—I have no idea. He _______ it this morning.
A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done
【答案】C
【解析】从对话中不知道Sam有没有完成作业，但今天上午他正在做，正确答案为C。
（2）考查表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作
【典例】
—What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
—I had just finished my work and _______ take a shower.
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
【答案】D
【解析】句意：我刚刚完成手头的工作，将要去洗澡，所以答案是D。
一般过去时与过去进行时的区别如下：
一般过去时：完成性
过去进行时：未完成
考点3 现成完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成时
（1）考查表示所发生的动作或事情对现在的影响或产生的结果
【典例】
Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are retouring.
achieved
has achieved
will achieve
had achieve
【答案】B
【解析】尽管句中未出现时间状语，我们从句意可以判断医学已经控制住了一些危险的疾病，所以答案是B。
（2）考查表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在的动作
【典例】
My friend, who _______ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
【答案】D
【解析】此题中的时间状语“all his life” 说明我的朋友从过去到现在一直在奥委会工作，答案应是D。
【典例】
My brother is an actor. He _______ in several films so far.
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
【答案】C
【解析】句中的时间状语so far和现在完成时连用，意为“到目前为止”，所以答案是C。
现在完成进行时
主要考查表示一个从过去某时开始发生，一直延续到现在并可能继续延续下去的动作
【典例】
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. has considered B. has been considering
C. consider D.is going to consider
【答案】B
【解析】因为失业，Lucy一直考虑重返校园，但是到现在还没做出决定，所以答案为B。
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别如下：
现在完成时： 完成性 强调动作的结果
现在完成进行时：未完成性 动作在不久前持续进行的情景
考点4 主动表示被动的三种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。
常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。
2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。
常见动词是：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
【典例】
The roast duck_______ delicious and a lot_______ in two hours.
A. was tasted； was sold
B. tasted； was sold
C. was tasted； sold
D. tasted； would sell
【答案】B
【解析】根据所给情景，“taste”应为连系动词，英语中连系动词不用被动语态，所以第一空填tasted，后半句意为“烤鸭两小时内被卖掉很多”，所以答案为B。
3. 五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur to, break out，come about等。
【典例】
______is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games _______ every four years.
A. It; are held B. As; take place
C. That; happen D. As; break out
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查定语从句和表示“发生”等词的用法。A项it 不对，are held正确，改成以下句子正确：It is well known to everyone that the Olympic Games are held every four years. C、D项中That与break out不妥，B项中“as”引导的定语从句修饰“the Olympic ... ”整个句子，“take place”相当于“are held”，所以答案为B。
一、语法填空
1.【2019·全国卷I】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
【答案】have reported
【解题思路】考查时态。根据上下文语境，尤其是时间状语in recent years可知，主句用现在完成时态，故填have reported。
2.【2019·全国卷 II】I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years.
【答案】have made
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据该定语从句中时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。
3.【2019·浙江卷】When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody _____ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).
【答案】will have/has
【解题思路】考查时态。句意：当每个学生在校穿校服时，没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when引导的时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则，因此，主句可以使用将来时will do；根据语境可知，本文叙述的是客观事实，因此，本句亦可用一般现在时，主语是nobody，谓语用has。故填will have/has。
4.【2019·浙江卷】One study in America found that students' grades ______ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.
【答案】improved
【解题思路】考查时态。句意：美国的一项研究发现，在学校引入校服后，学生的成绩有所提高。本句是after引导的时间状语从句，前后时态保持一致，从句使用了一般过去式，主句用一般过去式。故填improved。
5.【2018·全国卷Ⅰ】While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at lengthening life walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is; than
【解题思路】考查动词时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
6.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】Since 2011, the country （grow）more corn than rice.
【答案】has grown
【解题思路】考查动词时态。since加时间点，主句要用现在完成时。
7.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ___ ___ (start) a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
【答案】started; that/which
【解题思路】考查动词时态。本句是“when”引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代“program”并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
8.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】 meant
【解题思路】考查动词时态。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺谓语，再根据总体时态可判断要用一般过去时。故填meant。
9.【2018·浙江卷】While regularly eating out seems to (become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost.
【答案】 have become
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知用现在完成时，“seems to”后用动词原形，故填have become。
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
【答案】are removed
【解题思路】考查被动语态。此处意思是“当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉后”。分析可知“fat”， “salt”和“remove”之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。
11.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
【答案】were used; fairly
【解题思路】考查动词语态。蒸汽机(注意复数名词形式)被用来作为火车动力，根据上下文语境，可知此处要用一般过去时；考查副词。副词修饰形容词。
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube.
【答案】managed
【解题思路】考查动词时态。描述地铁发展演变过程用过去时态。
13.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.
【答案】has been told/was told
【解题思路】考查动词时态和语态。“tell”后接双宾语，因此可判断此句用被动语态；再根据后面句子的时态可判断用现在完成时或一般过去时。
14.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】But at the moment, school ________ (come) first.
【答案】comes
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据“at the moment”可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
15.【2017·浙江卷6月考】Pahlsson and her husband ________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden.
【答案】searched; swept
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched;考查过去分词。此处是“get done”结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。
二、短文改错
16.【2019·全国卷Ⅲ】Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】required改为 requires
【解题思路】考查动词的时态。短文的主体时态都是现在时。故把 required改为 requires。
17.【2018·全国卷Ⅰ】During my last winter holiday, I find a change there.
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】find改为found
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据前文中的“During my last winter holiday”可知时态为一般过去时，故将find改为found。
18.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】 I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】are改为were
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据上下文语境，可知此处要用一般过去时，故把are改为were。
19.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin.
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】begin改为begun
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据语境可知，句子用过去完成时，过去完成时的构成是had done，所以begin要改为begun。
20.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】goes改为went
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据语境可知，句子用一般现在时。
21.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】came改为comes; students后加to
【解题思路】考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时; 考查固定结构。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。
22.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
_____________________________________________________________________________
【答案】had改为have
【解题思路】考查动词时态。根据本句中的时间状语“in the past few years”可知这个句子用现在完成时。
语法填空
As a new reporter, Zhou Yang is more than 1 (delight) at his first- day experience in China Daily, 2 important and popular English newspaper. He is eager to go out on a story, 3 he can’t get the 4 (approve) of his new boss Hu Xin, because he is merely a green hand. Now Hu Xin is instructing him how to be a good reporter.
At the very beginning, he will work as an assistant to an experienced journalist to become 5 (technical) good. Later, only if he acquires 6 (many) skills than expected can he cover a story on his own. Besides, he is supposed to be curious, for there are many cases 7 reporters should ask many different questions so that they can get necessary information. Of course, it is vital for a reporter to have a good “nose” 8 a story, knowing if someone is telling the truth. And while interviewing people, a reporter must listen to the answers carefully. If possible, a reporter can record the interview in case he 9 (accuse) of getting the wrong end of the stick. Last but not least, make sure to submit the article in time so as not 10 (miss) the deadline.
After hearing Hu Xin’s advice, Zhou Yang is looking forward to his first assignment very much.
【答案】
1. delighted 2.an 3.but 4.approval 5.technically
6. more 7.where 8.for 9.is accused 10.to miss
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要通过新手记者周洋与主编之间的谈话讲述了如何成为一个好记者。
1．考查形容词。句意：作为一名新记者，周洋对自己在《中国日报》的第一天工作感到非常高兴。《中国日报》是一份重要且受欢迎的英文报纸。分析可知，句子结构为主系表结构，Zhou Yang 为主语，is 为系动词，more than 理解为“非常”，可用来修饰形容词。所给词delight，动词，意为“使高兴”，修饰人的形容词为-ed结尾。故填delighted。
2．考查冠词。句意：作为一名新记者，周洋对自己在《中国日报》的第一天工作感到非常高兴。《中国日报》是一份重要且受欢迎的英文报纸。___2___ important and popular English newspaper 短语结构应为：a/an+形容词+名词。空之后为important，元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
3．考查连词。句意：他很想出去写一篇报道，但是他没有得到新老板胡鑫的批准，因为他只是个新手。分析前后句为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
4．考查名词。the 为定冠词，之后接名词形式。所给词approve, 为动词，意为“准许”，名词形式为approval。 故填approval。
5．考查副词。句意：一开始，他将作为一名有经验的记者的助手，在技术上变得更好。分析可知，所填空修饰之后形容词，副词修饰形容词，所给词technical，为形容词，词尾加-ly构成副词形式。故填technically。
6．考查形容词比较级。句意：之后，只有他掌握了比预期更多的技能，他才能独自报道一个故事。分析可知，形容词修饰之后的名词skills, 由之后的比较连词than可知应用比较级。故填more。
7．考查定语从句。句意：此外，他应该是好奇的，因为在许多情况下，记者应该问许多不同的问题，这样他们可以得到必要的信息。分析可知，___7___ reporters should ask many different questions so that they can get necessary information .为先行词cases的定语从句，从句主语为reporters, 谓语为should ask，宾语为many different questions, 因此先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
8．考查介词。句意：当然，对一个记者来说，对故事具有善于发现和辨别的能力是至关重要的，知道是否有人在说真话。分析可知，所填空之前为名词，之后为名词，所填空需要介词作为连接媒介，have a good nose for sth，意为“对……非常敏感，十分善于发现……”，故填for。
9．考查时态和被动语态。句意：如果可能的话，记者可以把采访记录下来，以防被指责做错了事。分析可知，所填空为谓语，与主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合文章时态为一般现在时，故填 is accused。
10．考查动词不定式。句意：最后，但并非最不重要的是，确保及时提交文章，以免错过最后期限。分析可知，so as not to do sth, 意为“为了不……”， 故填to miss。
一、语法填空
Confucius(孔子) is honored 1 setting the tone for much traditional Chinese music for thousands of years. He is thought to be a great educator. However, he is also a 2 (talent) musician who was able to play several instruments expertly. Perhaps nowadays for people around the world, music 3 (mean) mainly for amusement. But during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500 BC, music 4 (have) an important role in making society stable.
How music was used and performed is expressed in several main Confucian books Confucius taught that 5 (educate) somebody, you should start with poems emphasize ceremonies, and finish with music
Musical knowledge was 6 matter of higher learning. It is said that he thought of the six most important subjects to study, 7 (rank) music higher than the other five necessary subjects like writing and mathematics.
Music was important because the ideal society was to be governed by ritual(礼制) functions, but not by law. In a culture 8 people fun_ction according to ritual music is used to help govern them. So music wasn’t really 9 (entertain), but a means for musicians to accomplish political and social goals. Music is 10 (eventual) a means for social happiness.
【答案】
1. for 2. talented 3. is meant 4. had 5. to educate
6. a 7. ranking 8. where 9. entertainment 10. eventually
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孔子时代音乐的功能：稳定社会。
1.考查固定短语。句意：孔子为中国几千年的传统音乐奠定了基调，因此备受尊崇。固定短语be honored for“因……而受到尊敬”，故填for。
2.考查形容词。句意：然而，他也是一位才华横溢的音乐家，能够熟练地演奏多种乐器。修饰名词musician应用形容词，故填talented。
3.考查动词时态语态。句意：也许现在对世界各地的人来说，音乐主要是用来娱乐的。固定短语be meant for“为……而有”，且根据上文nowadays可知应用一般现在时，主语为music谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填is meant。
4.考查动词时态。句意：但在大约公元前500年的周朝，音乐在稳定社会方面发挥了重要作用。根据上文during the time of the Zhou Dynasty about 500 BC可知应用一般过去时，故填had。
5.考查非谓语动词。句意：孔子教导说，要教育一个人，你应该从诗歌开始，强调仪式，以音乐结束。本句中educate做目的状语应用不定式。故填to educate。
6.考查固定短语。句意：音乐知识是高等学问。a matter of ... 为固定短语，意为“……的问题”，符合句意。故填a。
7.考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，他想到了六个最重要的学科，音乐的排名高于其他五个必要的学科，如写作和数学。本句中rank做非谓语动词与逻辑主语he构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填ranking。
8.考查定语从句关系词。句意：在这样一种文化中，人们根据宗教仪式来行事，音乐被用来帮助管理他们。本句为定语从句修饰先行词 culture，从句中缺少状语，用关系副词我，结合句意，应填 where，相当于 in which。故填where。
9.考查名词。句意：所以音乐并不是真正的娱乐，而是音乐家实现政治和社会目标的一种手段。本句应填名词做表语，entertain 的名词形式为 entertainment。故填entertainment。
10.考查副词。句意：音乐最终是社会幸福的一种方式。本空应填副词来修饰整个句子，表达“最终”的意思。故填eventually。
二、短文改错
On August 21, I was working on my homework, a composition titling “My Hero/Heroine”. I stuck at the very beginning, trying to figure out what would be my hero/heroine.
Attracted by the cheers from the living room, I opened the door only to find my parents were watching the volleyball matches of women’s final. Then I decided to take the break and joined in them. The sense of nervousness was overwhelming as the score was quite closely between China and its opponent.
To our delight, China won in the end. We couldn't help feel proud as Chinese! The volleyball players had trained so hard before and fight till the last minute. Without doubt, they were not only my heroines, and the heroines of China! I started to write my composition.
【答案】
1. titling →titled
2.stuck前添加was/got
3. what →who
4. matches →match
5. the →a
6.去掉join in中的in
7. closely →close
8. feel →feeling
9. fight →fought
10. and →but
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者和父母一起看女排决赛，最后中国队获胜，作者和父母身为中国人感到自豪的故事。
1.考查非谓语动词。句意：8月21日，我正在做我的家庭作业，一篇题为“我的英雄/女英雄”的作文。分析句子结构可知title在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑主语composition构成被动关系，应用过去分词。故titling改为titled。
2.考查固定短语。句意：我一开始就陷入了困境，试图找出谁会成为我的英雄。短语be/get stuck at“被卡在……；困在”，此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故stuck前添加was/got。
3.考查连接词。句意同上。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指人，应用who。故what改为who。
4.考查名词。句意：被客厅里的欢呼声所吸引，我打开门，却发现父母正在看女排决赛。结合句意此处看比赛应为一场比赛，用名词单数形式。故matches改为match。
5.考查冠词。句意：然后我决定休息一下，加入他们。短语take a break“休息一下”。故the改为a。
6.考查介词。句意同上。短语join in表示参加（活动），通常指正在进行的活动，此处应用短语join sb.表示“加入某人”，根据句意可知，此处表示“加入他们”。故去掉in。
7.考查形容词。句意：紧张的感觉压倒一切，因为中国队和对手的比分非常接近。结合上文was可知应用形容词作表语。故closely改为close。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：作为中国人，我们不禁感到自豪!短语couldn't help doing sth.“不禁做某事”。故feel改为feeling。
9.考查时态。句意：排球运动员以前训练很刻苦，一直战斗到最后一分钟。此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故fight改为fought。
10.考查连词。句意：毫无疑问，她们不仅是我的女英雄，也是中国的女英雄!根据短语not only…but(also)…“不仅……而且……”。故and改为but。
