非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1. 不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。
①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)
③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.
他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。
【典例】
1. Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是“a survey”，谓语动词是“has caused”，宾语是“heated debate”。可见，句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。“survey”与“compare”之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。
2. ______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.
A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。
考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1. 非谓语动词作主语
(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)
(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
2. 非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3. 非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词
(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算)做某事
can't help
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
go on
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
【典例】
I don’t think it any good_______ another talk with him over the matter.
A. had B. having C. have D. to have
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为和他再一次谈这个事情没有任何意义。一般的形式宾语代替的真正宾语都是不定式，但是也有例外，在一些约定俗成的用法中，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。It is no good doing something就是这样的句型。这里是any good，good是名词，所以后面的宾语用的是动名词。故选B。
考点3 非谓语动词作定语
1. 不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)
I have something important to say.(动宾关系)
He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)
2. 动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
a reading room(＝a room for reading)
3. 现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。
The question being discussed (＝which is being discussed) now is important.
4. 过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。
The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.
考点4 非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1. 非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.
2. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。
The boy pretended to be working hard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。
I happened to have seen the film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
3. 动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
We remembered having seen the film.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
4. 现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.
【典例】
______ with animals in his father’s zoo when he was young, Peter knows how to keep them under control.
A. Growing up B. Having grown up C. Grown up D. Being grown up
【答案】 B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大，皮特知道如何控制它们。“Peter”与“grow up”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，且“grow up”这一动作明显发生在“knows”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故B项正确。
一、单项选择
1. 【2019·江苏】________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
2. 【2019·江苏】China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
3. 【2018·江苏】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
二、语法填空
4. 【2019?浙江】But some students didn’t want __________(wear) the uniform.
5. 【2019?浙江】When the children are walking or __________(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
6. 【2019·全国Ⅰ】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area.
7. 【2019·全国Ⅰ】Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
8. 【2019·全国II】A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
9. 【2019·全国II】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10. 【2019·全国II】When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
11. 【2019·全国III】On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
二、句子改错
12.【2019·全国Ⅰ】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
13.【2019·全国III】If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
14.【2018·全国I】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
15.【2018·全国II】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
16.【2018·全国III】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
一、语法填空
【2019届山东省枣庄第八中学高三月考】The following is just a short story but it really brought home to me how very small acts of kindness and even polite behavior have ___1___ (big) effects than we realize.
I have a bad back ___2___ flares up(发作) from time to time. Yesterday I was out walking in the street while __3___ (carry) shopping bags and my keys. My keys ___4___ (sudden) slipped from my hand and fell to the ground. The problem was that because of my back I couldn’t bend down ___5___ (get) them. I was just thinking of how to get around this ___6___ two teenage girls came up beside me. Without even speaking to me, one of the ___7___ (girl) just reached down, picked up my keys, handed them ___8___ me and went on her way.
While it was ___9___ small gesture and she couldn’t have known that I was in too much pain to bend down, it ___10___ (mean) a great deal to me at that moment
二、短文改错
【2019·湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟】假定类高课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her an
unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw me into creating this priceless album. I turned on the
computer, carefully selected some photos, added up some decorations, and designed each pages carefully. Eventually,
an album of love born. Looked at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how delightedly my grandma
would be.
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the
special gift, she hugs me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
一、语法填空
【2019·河南省南阳市一中高三第四次月考】China has once again proved its 1. (able) to change the world with the “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation(创新), 2. has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey 3. (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said 4. university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes 5. (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing 6. (base) on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in 7. (encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is especially true in mobile, where China is leading 8. many ways such as…social messaging app WeChat, she said. This is partly 9. China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile. China has a 10. (large) mobile use than any other country in the world.
二、短文改错
【2019·内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高三月考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划—横线，并在该下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A photo on my desk always takes me back to the moment that I gave a talent show for foreign friend. In the
picture, I can be seen delicate performing Erhu. When I introduced myself at English, the audience applauded
encourage me. I was no longer nervous. I devoted myself wholeheartedly to play. My performance was quite a
success. Before the performance, an American was named Amy, who was of my age, sang the song God Is a Girl to
me. We even make a deal that we would teach each other my mother tongues.
答案和解析
一、单项选择
1.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的，故选A。
2.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“more countries”和“recognize”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
3.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师所预期的12,000个岗位。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
二、语法填空
4.【答案】to wear
【解题思路】考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
5.【答案】cycling
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到他们。or连接两个并列成分，根据“or”前的“walking”可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
6.【答案】to perform
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：现代追踪北极熊数量的方法是从二十世纪八十年代中期才开始采用的，并且在如此大区域内持续使用是非常昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
7.【答案】noting
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词“by”可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
8.【答案】being
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词“for”可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
9.【答案】to retire
【解题思路】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词“plan”，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
10.【答案】saying
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词“got”，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据“say”与其逻辑主语“call”是主动关系，故填saying。
11.【答案】listening
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词“listen”应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由“we”发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由“and”前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，“and”后“meeting interesting locals”为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
二、句子改错
12.【答案】say→saying
【解题思路】考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为“cheered”，“say”在这里作伴随状语，与主语“players”是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
13.【答案】manage→managing
【解题思路】考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
14.【答案】sell改成selling
【解题思路】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
15.【答案】watching改为watch
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词的不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。
16.【答案】wait改成waiting
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为“was”，而且没有连词，“wait”与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. bigger
2. that/which
3. carrying
4. suddenly
5. to get
6. when
7. girls
8. to
9. a
10. meant
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者在回家的路上不小心钥匙掉到地上了，她因为背疼所以在想该怎样拿到钥匙，这时有两个女孩帮助了她，尽管这对她们只是举手之劳，但是对作者来说意义很大。
1.考查动形容词比较级。根据句中的“than”可知该句需用比较级形式，形容词big的比较级为bigger。故填bigger。
2.考查定语从句。该句的先行词是“a bad back”，在句中作主语，所以这里可用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.考查非谓语动词。这里主语“I”与动词“carry”之间是主谓关系，所以该空需用现在分词，故填carrying。
4.考查副词。这里需用副词来修饰动词slipped，指的是钥匙突然从手里滑落到地上。故填suddenly。
5.考查动词不定式。这里指的是弯腰捡钥匙，所以需用动词不定式表示目的，故填to get。
6.考查连词。这里指的是我正在想该怎样拿时，两个女孩来到了我旁边。当表示某人正在做某事时，突然发生……需用when，故填when。
7.考查名词复数。one of后需加名词复数，故填girls。
8.考查介词。hand sth. to sb.把某物交给某人，所以这里需用介词to，故填to。
9.考查冠词。gesture为可数名词，这里表示泛指，一个小姿势，所以该空需用冠词a，故填a。
10.考查时态。根据前面的“was”可知，该句需用一般过去时，所以该空需用过去式，故填meant。
二、短文改错
【答案】
Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her an
grandmother’s a
unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw me into creating this priceless album. I turned on the
myself
computer, carefully selected some photos, added up some decorations, and designed each pages carefully. Eventually,
page
an album of love∧born. Looked at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how delightedly my grandma
was Looking delighted
would be.
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the
special gift, she hugs me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
hugged which
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。在作者祖母生日来临之际，作者决定亲自给她做一件独一无二的礼物，经过一番精挑细选，最终，一张爱的专辑诞生了。生日那天，作者亲自将礼物送给了祖母，她很高兴。作者的父母也由衷地高兴。
第一处：考查名词所有格。句意：上个星期一，我突然想到我亲爱的祖母的生日就要到了。分析句意可知，本句表示“祖母的”，所以用grandmother’s。故grandmother改成grandmother’s。
第二处：考查冠词。句意：我决定给她做一件独一无二的礼物。unique的首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a 来修饰present。故an改成a。
第三处：考查代词。句意：我毫不犹豫地投入到创作这张无价的专辑中来。主语与宾语为同一个人时，宾语为反身代词。故me改成myself。
第四处：考查动词。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地挑选了一些照片，添加了一些装饰，仔细地设计了每一页。add为及物动词后直接接宾语，且符合句意。故去掉up。
第五处：考查名词。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地挑选了一些照片，添加了一些装饰，仔细地设计了每一页。each修饰单数名词。故pages改成page。
第六处：考查被动语态。句意：最终，一张充满爱的专辑诞生了。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时的被动语态。be born“出生，诞生”。故love后加was。
第七处：考查现在分词。句意：我满意地审视着我的作品，我不禁想象祖母会多么高兴。分析句子可知，主语“I”与“look at”在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故Looked改成Looking。
第八处：考查形容词。句意：我满意地审视着我的作品，我不禁想象祖母会多么高兴。分析句子可知，“imagine”后接how引导的感叹句作状语，感叹句的结构为主系表结构，所以be动词后接形容词delighted作表语。故delightedly改成delighted。
第九处：考查一般过去时。句意：她一看到这个特别的礼物时，就深情地拥抱着我，热泪盈眶，这也让我的父母由衷地高兴。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时。故hugs改成hugged。
第十处：考查关系代词。句意：她一看到这个特别的礼物时，就深情地拥抱着我，热泪盈眶，这也让我的父母由衷地高兴。分析句子可知，which为先行词，代替前面的整个句子，作非限制性定语从句的主语。故what改成which。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. ability
2. which
3. made
4. a
5. themselves
6. is based
7. encouraging
8. in
9. because
10. larger
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国改变世界的"新四大发明"：高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车，和在线购物。
1. 考查名词。句意：中国通过“新四大发明”——高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车和网上购物——再次证明了自己改变世界的能力。根据上文“its”为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填ability。
2. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据北京外国语大学“一带一路”研究院的一项调查显示，这与中国的高科技创新有关，科技创新提高了人们的生活质量。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词“innovation”，为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。
3. 考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故“make”只能做非谓语动词。且和逻辑主语“survey”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
4. 考查冠词。句意：“我的钱包用不上了。”一名大学生说，他还补充说，“甚至卖煎饼的人也在使用移动支付。”student为可数名词，此处表示泛指一个学生，故填不定冠词a。
5. 考查反身代词。句意：自行车本身并不新鲜，但共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高科技。本句为反身代词做同位语，指复数名词“the bikes”，所以用 themselves。
6. 考查动词时态语态。“base”和句子主语之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is based。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织驻华代表Bernhard Schwartlander表示，由于中国在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，中国已进入一个新的创新时代。介词“in”后跟动名词作宾语，故填encouraging。
8. 考查固定搭配。句意：她说，在移动领域尤其如此，中国在很多方面都处于领先地位，比如社交通讯应用微信。短语in many ways “在许多方面”介词用in。故填in。
9. 考查连接词。句意：部分原因是中国跳过了PC时代，直接进入了移动时代。本句为because引导的原因状语从句，故填because。
10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：中国的手机用户比世界上任何其他国家都多。根据下文“than”可知应用形容词比较级，故填larger。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1. that→when
2. friend→friends
3. delicate→delicately
4. at→in
5. applauded后加to
6. play→playing
7. Before→After
8.删去was
9. make→made
10. my→ our
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。作者桌上的一张照片总是让她想起为外国朋友表演才艺的时刻。
1.考查定语从句。句意：桌上的一张照片总是让我想起我为外国朋友演才艺的时刻。此处“moment”是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故把that改成when。
2.考查名词复数。句意：桌上的一张照片总是让我想起我为外国朋友演才艺的时刻。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故把friend改成friends。
3.考查词形转换。句意：在这幅画中，我可以看到我正在优雅地演奏二胡。此处是副词修饰动词，故把delicate改成delicately。
4.考查介词。句意：当我用英语自我介绍时，观众鼓掌鼓励我。固定搭配：in+语言，“用某种语言”。故把at改成in。
5.考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：当我用英语自我介绍时，观众鼓掌鼓励我。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故在applauded后加to。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：我全身心地投入到演奏中。固定搭配：devote... ...to sth./doing sth.“致力于（做）某事”。故把play改成playing。
7.考查介词。句意：表演结束后，一个叫艾米的美国人，她和我同龄，唱了一首歌《上帝是个女孩》。结合句意可知把Before改成After。
8.考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：表演结束后，一个叫艾米的美国人，她和我同龄，唱了一首歌《上帝是个女孩》。句中谓语动词是“sang”，“named”是过去分词作后置定语，故把was去掉。
9.考查时态。句意：我们甚至达成协议，我们要互相教彼此母语。这里指过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故把make改成made。
10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们甚至达成协议，我们要互相教彼此母语。结合句意可知指我和艾米两个人，故把my改成our。
非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，同时还要注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都是非谓语动词用法的难点。
近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。
另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1. 不定式作状语
不定式作状语通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(2)目的(可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(3)结果(常表出乎意料的结果，常为only to do)。
①We were very excited to hear the news.(原因)
②To get there on time I got up very early.(目的)
③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there.(结果)
2. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知怎么办才好，他去找他父母帮忙。
(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、stationed(驻扎)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought，he didn't hear the sound.
他陷入深深的思考中，没有听到声音。
【典例】
1. Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是“a survey”，谓语动词是“has caused”，宾语是“heated debate”。可见，句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓语动词形式。“survey”与“compare”之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。
2. ______ for her college education, she spent two years working as a cleaner for a rich family in her neighborhood.
A. Paying B. Paid C. To pay D. Being paid
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了支付大学学费，她花了两年时间为附近一个富裕家庭当清洁工。此处表示目的，所以用不定式作目的状语，故C项正确。
考点2 非谓语动词作主语、表语、宾语
1. 非谓语动词作主语
(1)Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight pain.(动名词作主语)
(2)To see is to believe.(不定式作主语)
(3)It is important to respect people.(不定式短语作主语，it作形式主语)
(4)It is no use crying over spilt milk.(动名词短语作主语，it作形式主语)
2. 非谓语动词作表语
(1)动名词作表语时，说明主语的性质，回答what引导的问句。
(2)不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作或表示将来的动作。
3. 非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作宾语的主要是不定式和动名词
(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词后跟不定式作宾语。
(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。
(3)以下动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同。
动词
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
记得曾做过某事
记得要做某事
forget
忘记曾做过某事
忘记要做某事
try
尝试做某事
努力做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着做某事
企图(打算)做某事
can't help
禁不住做某事
不能帮助做某事
go on
继续做未完成的事
做完一件事后，接着做另一件事
stop
中断正在做的事
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
【典例】
I don’t think it any good_______ another talk with him over the matter.
A. had B. having C. have D. to have
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我认为和他再一次谈这个事情没有任何意义。一般的形式宾语代替的真正宾语都是不定式，但是也有例外，在一些约定俗成的用法中，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动名词放在后面。It is no good doing something就是这样的句型。这里是any good，good是名词，所以后面的宾语用的是动名词。故选B。
考点3 非谓语动词作定语
1. 不定式作定语表未来的动作且后置，它与所修饰的名词或不定式代词存在主谓、动宾或同位关系。
You are the third one to enter the room.(主谓关系)
I have something important to say.(动宾关系)
He has no opportunity to go abroad.(同位关系)
2. 动名词作定语多前置，表示所修饰的事物的性能和用途。
a reading room(＝a room for reading)
3. 现在分词作定语表主动和进行，可转换为定语从句。
The question being discussed (＝which is being discussed) now is important.
4. 过去分词作定语表被动和完成，也可转换为定语从句。
The question discussed(＝which was discussed) yesterday is important.
考点4 非谓语动词的否定式、进行式、完成式和被动式
1. 非谓语动词的否定式均是在前面加not。
He pretended not to see me.
I regret not following his advice.
Not having tried his best，he failed in the exam.
2. 不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。
当谓语动词表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式动作正在进行，不定式要用进行式。
The boy pretended to be working hard.
当不定式的动作在谓语动作发生时，不定式要用完成式。
I happened to have seen the film.
当不定式的逻辑主语为不定式动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动式。
The patient asked to be operated on at once.
3. 动名词的完成式、被动式、完成被动式和带有逻辑主语的复合结构。
We remembered having seen the film.
He came to the party without being invited.
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.
4. 现在分词的完成式和被动式。
当现在分词的动作早于谓语动作发生时，现在分词要用完成式。
Having done his homework，he played basketball.
当现在分词的逻辑主语为其动作的承受者时，现在分词要用被动式。
The problem being discussed is very important.
Having been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.
【典例】
______ with animals in his father’s zoo when he was young, Peter knows how to keep them under control.
A. Growing up B. Having grown up C. Grown up D. Being grown up
【答案】 B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小时候在父亲的动物园里和动物一起长大，皮特知道如何控制它们。“Peter”与“grow up”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，且“grow up”这一动作明显发生在“knows”之前，所以用现在分词的完成式作状语，故B项正确。
一、单项选择
1. 【2019·江苏】________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的，故选A。
2. 【2019·江苏】China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs.
A. recognizing B. being recognized C. to be recognized D. recognized
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“more countries”和“recognize”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。
3. 【2018·江苏】Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
A. having exceeded B. to exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造13,500个新的工作，超过市场分析师所预期的12,000个岗位。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选D。
二、语法填空
4.【2019?浙江】But some students didn’t want __________(wear) the uniform.
【答案】to wear
【解题思路】考查固定用法。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth.想要做某事，这是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
5.【2019?浙江】When the children are walking or __________(cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can easily see them.
【答案】cycling
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时，汽车司机很容易看到他们。or连接两个并列成分，根据“or”前的“walking”可知，此处要用cycling。故填cycling。
6.【2019·全国Ⅰ】Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive __________(perform) consistently over a large area.
【答案】to perform
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。句意：现代追踪北极熊数量的方法是从二十世纪八十年代中期才开始采用的，并且在如此大区域内持续使用是非常昂贵的。主系表结构之后常用不定式作原因或目的状语。故此处填to perform。
7. 【2019·全国Ⅰ】Scientists have responded by __________(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
【答案】noting
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词“by”可知，此处用动名词作宾语，故填noting。
8. 【2019·全国II】A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __________(be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词“for”可知，此处用动名词形式作宾语，故填being。
9. 【2019·全国II】Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans __________(retire) from her 36-year-old business.
【答案】to retire
【解题思路】考查不定式作定语。此处用to do sth.作后置定语，用来修饰前面的名词“plan”，表示“……的计划”，故填to retire。
10. 【2019·全国II】When we got a call __________(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
【答案】saying
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。前面已经有谓语动词“got”，故此处用非谓语动词形式，根据“say”与其逻辑主语“call”是主动关系，故填saying。
11. 【2019·全国III】On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, __________(listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
【答案】listening
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以空格处动词“listen”应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由“we”发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由“and”前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，“and”后“meeting interesting locals”为分词形式，故空格处填listening。
二、句子改错
12.【2019·全国Ⅰ】All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】say→saying
【解题思路】考查现在分词。句意：操场上所有的足球运动员大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。句中谓语动词为“cheered”，“say”在这里作伴随状语，与主语“players”是主动关系，故将say改为saying。
13.【2019·全国III】If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】manage→managing
【解题思路】考查固定短语。succeed in doing something意为“成功做了某事”，是固定短语。故把manage改为managing。
14.【2018·全国I】My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】sell改成selling
【解题思路】考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
15.【2018·全国II】As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】watching改为watch
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词的不定式。句意：无论我要求多少次要去看（卡通片）。用不定式表示目的。故把watching改为watch。
16.【2018·全国III】Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】wait改成waiting
【解题思路】考查非谓语动词。根据句子成分分析，本句有谓语为“was”，而且没有连词，“wait”与主语是主动关系，所以wait 要用非谓语waiting，表伴随。
一、语法填空
【2019届山东省枣庄第八中学高三月考】The following is just a short story but it really brought home to me how very small acts of kindness and even polite behavior have ___1___ (big) effects than we realize.
I have a bad back ___2___ flares up(发作) from time to time. Yesterday I was out walking in the street while __3___ (carry) shopping bags and my keys. My keys ___4___ (sudden) slipped from my hand and fell to the ground. The problem was that because of my back I couldn’t bend down ___5___ (get) them. I was just thinking of how to get around this ___6___ two teenage girls came up beside me. Without even speaking to me, one of the ___7___ (girl) just reached down, picked up my keys, handed them ___8___ me and went on her way.
While it was ___9___ small gesture and she couldn’t have known that I was in too much pain to bend down, it ___10___ (mean) a great deal to me at that moment
【答案】
1. bigger
2. that/which
3. carrying
4. suddenly
5. to get
6. when
7. girls
8. to
9. a
10. meant
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者在回家的路上不小心钥匙掉到地上了，她因为背疼所以在想该怎样拿到钥匙，这时有两个女孩帮助了她，尽管这对她们只是举手之劳，但是对作者来说意义很大。
1.考查动形容词比较级。根据句中的“than”可知该句需用比较级形式，形容词big的比较级为bigger。故填bigger。
2.考查定语从句。该句的先行词是“a bad back”，在句中作主语，所以这里可用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。
3.考查非谓语动词。这里主语“I”与动词“carry”之间是主谓关系，所以该空需用现在分词，故填carrying。
4.考查副词。这里需用副词来修饰动词slipped，指的是钥匙突然从手里滑落到地上。故填suddenly。
5.考查动词不定式。这里指的是弯腰捡钥匙，所以需用动词不定式表示目的，故填to get。
6.考查连词。这里指的是我正在想该怎样拿时，两个女孩来到了我旁边。当表示某人正在做某事时，突然发生……需用when，故填when。
7.考查名词复数。one of后需加名词复数，故填girls。
8.考查介词。hand sth. to sb.把某物交给某人，所以这里需用介词to，故填to。
9.考查冠词。gesture为可数名词，这里表示泛指，一个小姿势，所以该空需用冠词a，故填a。
10.考查时态。根据前面的“was”可知，该句需用一般过去时，所以该空需用过去式，故填meant。
二、短文改错
【2019·湖南省怀化市高三第二次模拟】假定类高课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her an unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw me into creating this priceless album. I turned on the computer, carefully selected some photos, added up some decorations, and designed each pages carefully. Eventually, an album of love born. Looked at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how delightedly my grandma would be.
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the special gift, she hugs me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
【答案】
Last Monday, it hit me that my beloved grandmother birthday was around the corner. I decided to make her an
grandmother’s a
unique present. Without the slightest hesitation, I threw me into creating this priceless album. I turned on the computer,
myself
carefully selected some photos, added up some decorations, and designed each pages carefully. Eventually, an album of
page
love∧born. Looked at my work with satisfaction, I couldn’t help imagining how delightedly my grandma would be.
was Looking delighted
Soon, the big day arrived. At the birthday party, I presented the album to Grandma. The moment she saw the special
gift, she hugs me affectionately, tears rolling in her eyes, what made my parents smile genuinely as well.
hugged which
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。在作者祖母生日来临之际，作者决定亲自给她做一件独一无二的礼物，经过一番精挑细选，最终，一张爱的专辑诞生了。生日那天，作者亲自将礼物送给了祖母，她很高兴。作者的父母也由衷地高兴。
第一处：考查名词所有格。句意：上个星期一，我突然想到我亲爱的祖母的生日就要到了。分析句意可知，本句表示“祖母的”，所以用grandmother’s。故grandmother改成grandmother’s。
第二处：考查冠词。句意：我决定给她做一件独一无二的礼物。unique的首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a 来修饰present。故an改成a。
第三处：考查代词。句意：我毫不犹豫地投入到创作这张无价的专辑中来。主语与宾语为同一个人时，宾语为反身代词。故me改成myself。
第四处：考查动词。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地挑选了一些照片，添加了一些装饰，仔细地设计了每一页。add为及物动词后直接接宾语，且符合句意。故去掉up。
第五处：考查名词。句意：我打开电脑，仔细地挑选了一些照片，添加了一些装饰，仔细地设计了每一页。each修饰单数名词。故pages改成page。
第六处：考查被动语态。句意：最终，一张充满爱的专辑诞生了。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时的被动语态。be born“出生，诞生”。故love后加was。
第七处：考查现在分词。句意：我满意地审视着我的作品，我不禁想象祖母会多么高兴。分析句子可知，主语“I”与“look at”在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故Looked改成Looking。
第八处：考查形容词。句意：我满意地审视着我的作品，我不禁想象祖母会多么高兴。分析句子可知，“imagine”后接how引导的感叹句作状语，感叹句的结构为主系表结构，所以be动词后接形容词delighted作表语。故delightedly改成delighted。
第九处：考查一般过去时。句意：她一看到这个特别的礼物时，就深情地拥抱着我，热泪盈眶，这也让我的父母由衷地高兴。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时。故hugs改成hugged。
第十处：考查关系代词。句意：她一看到这个特别的礼物时，就深情地拥抱着我，热泪盈眶，这也让我的父母由衷地高兴。分析句子可知，which为先行词，代替前面的整个句子，作非限制性定语从句的主语。故what改成which。
一、语法填空
【2019·河南省南阳市一中高三第四次月考】China has once again proved its 1. (able) to change the world with the “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high-tech innovation(创新), 2. has improved the quality of people’s lives, according to a survey 3. (make) by the Belt and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said 4. university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes 5. (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing 6. (base) on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital China has invested in 7. (encourage) innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is especially true in mobile, where China is leading 8. many ways such as…social messaging app WeChat, she said. This is partly 9. China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile. China has a 10. (large) mobile use than any other country in the world.
【答案】
1. ability
2. which
3. made
4. a
5. themselves
6. is based
7. encouraging
8. in
9. because
10. larger
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国改变世界的"新四大发明"：高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车，和在线购物。
1. 考查名词。句意：中国通过“新四大发明”——高速铁路、电子支付、共享单车和网上购物——再次证明了自己改变世界的能力。根据上文“its”为形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填ability。
2. 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：据北京外国语大学“一带一路”研究院的一项调查显示，这与中国的高科技创新有关，科技创新提高了人们的生活质量。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰先行词“innovation”，为物，在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以用which引导。
3. 考查非谓语动词。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故“make”只能做非谓语动词。且和逻辑主语“survey”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填made。
4. 考查冠词。句意：“我的钱包用不上了。”一名大学生说，他还补充说，“甚至卖煎饼的人也在使用移动支付。”student为可数名词，此处表示泛指一个学生，故填不定冠词a。
5. 考查反身代词。句意：自行车本身并不新鲜，但共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高科技。本句为反身代词做同位语，指复数名词“the bikes”，所以用 themselves。
6. 考查动词时态语态。“base”和句子主语之间是被动关系，且描述客观事实用一般现在时，故填is based。
7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：世界卫生组织驻华代表Bernhard Schwartlander表示，由于中国在鼓励创新方面投入了大量资金，中国已进入一个新的创新时代。介词“in”后跟动名词作宾语，故填encouraging。
8. 考查固定搭配。句意：她说，在移动领域尤其如此，中国在很多方面都处于领先地位，比如社交通讯应用微信。短语in many ways “在许多方面”介词用in。故填in。
9. 考查连接词。句意：部分原因是中国跳过了PC时代，直接进入了移动时代。本句为because引导的原因状语从句，故填because。
10. 考查形容词比较级。句意：中国的手机用户比世界上任何其他国家都多。根据下文“than”可知应用形容词比较级，故填larger。
二、短文改错
【2019·内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学高三月考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号 (∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划—横线，并在该下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
A photo on my desk always takes me back to the moment that I gave a talent show for foreign friend. In the picture, I can be seen delicate performing Erhu. When I introduced myself at English, the audience applauded encourage me. I was no longer nervous. I devoted myself wholeheartedly to play. My performance was quite a success. Before the performance, an American was named Amy, who was of my age, sang the song God Is a Girl to me. We even make a deal that we would teach each other my mother tongues.
【答案】
1. that→when
2. friend→friends
3. delicate→delicately
4. at→in
5. applauded后加to
6. play→playing
7. Before→After
8.删去was
9. make→made
10. my→ our
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。作者桌上的一张照片总是让她想起为外国朋友表演才艺的时刻。
1.考查定语从句。句意：桌上的一张照片总是让我想起我为外国朋友演才艺的时刻。此处“moment”是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故把that改成when。
2.考查名词复数。句意：桌上的一张照片总是让我想起我为外国朋友演才艺的时刻。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故把friend改成friends。
3.考查词形转换。句意：在这幅画中，我可以看到我正在优雅地演奏二胡。此处是副词修饰动词，故把delicate改成delicately。
4.考查介词。句意：当我用英语自我介绍时，观众鼓掌鼓励我。固定搭配：in+语言，“用某种语言”。故把at改成in。
5.考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：当我用英语自我介绍时，观众鼓掌鼓励我。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故在applauded后加to。
6.考查固定搭配。句意：我全身心地投入到演奏中。固定搭配：devote... ...to sth./doing sth.“致力于（做）某事”。故把play改成playing。
7.考查介词。句意：表演结束后，一个叫艾米的美国人，她和我同龄，唱了一首歌《上帝是个女孩》。结合句意可知把Before改成After。
8.考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：表演结束后，一个叫艾米的美国人，她和我同龄，唱了一首歌《上帝是个女孩》。句中谓语动词是“sang”，“named”是过去分词作后置定语，故把was去掉。
9.考查时态。句意：我们甚至达成协议，我们要互相教彼此母语。这里指过去的事情，所以用一般过去时态，故把make改成made。
10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：我们甚至达成协议，我们要互相教彼此母语。结合句意可知指我和艾米两个人，故把my改成our。
