高考对代词的考查主要是在具体、特定语境下灵活运用代词。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。
代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化，短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。
考点1：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法
1.both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩中哪个都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2.all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.所有学生都在。
All (of) the milk is there.所有牛奶都在。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an e-dictionary. /Each of the students has an e-dictionary. /The students each have an e-dictionary. 每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
【典例】
It’s an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ________.
A．others B．either
C．another D．both
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not ... both，故选D。
考点2：复合不定代词的用法
由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
1．some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：
Somebody is waiting outside.
I have something for you.
She thinks she’s something since she won the prize.（获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。）
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn’t anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.（对她来说儿子就是一切。）
【典例】
This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A．Nothing B．Anything
C．Something D．Everything
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。
考点3：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别
the other/
other
the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。
another
可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others/
the others
others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；
特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。
He is willing to help other people / others.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
【典例】
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A．another B．the other
C．one another D．one
【答案】A
【解析】句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。
考点4：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别
none
既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句。
—How much money do you have?
—None.
no one/
nobody
只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
—Who is in the room?
—Nobody. / No one.
nothing
只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。
—What are you doing now?
—Nothing.
考点5：替代词的用法和区别
it
替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物。
—Have you found your pen?
—No, I haven’t found it.
one/ones
one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。其复数形式为ones。
I think this book is better than the one I read last time.
These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.
that/those
that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones。
The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.
【典例】
The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
A．one B．this
C．that D．it
【答案】C
【解析】句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。
一、语法填空
1.【2019·北京】I know I will whisper to ______(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
2.【2018·全国卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
3.【2018·全国卷I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
4.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68. (they) alive.
5.【2018·浙江卷6月】Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
6.【2018·浙江卷11月】One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause (they) to stay awake almost all night.
7.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.
二、句子改错
8.【2019·全国卷III】In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
9.【2018·全国卷I】The first time I went there, they were found living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
10.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
11.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】I had done myself homework, but I was shy.
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
13.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
一、语法填空
When I married into a Chinese family, nobody ever warned me about the complicated “Chinese relatives name game”. I would need 1 (explore) a world of completely novel terms for family members that have no exact equivalents in 2 (me) native language of English.
Consider this exchange that happened a few years ago while I was living with my 3 (in-law) in their rural village 4 Zhejiang Province during the summer holiday.
During dinner one evening, my sister-in-law said our mother-in-law 5 ( spend) the entire day planting the fields with 6 “jiujiu” , the Chinese term for uncles on the mother's side of the family. 7 as I understood, we only had two uncles we addressed with this term—Older Jiujiu and Younger Jiujiu. Neither needed help in the fields, especially the younger one 8 had just begun working as the village secretary. How could our mother-in-law 9 (possible) have assisted someone 10 (call) jiujiu?
二、短文改错
I’m writing to invite you join us in playing in one of William Shakespeare’s well-known play, Romeo and Juliet.
The play, that will be put on three weeks from now, is looking for a young man to play a role of Romeo. I think you are
the right person. You are familiar to the story because you have just finished a paper on it. Besides, I had experience in
performing when you are in England. What you need it to do is to memorize a few lines and do some practice. It is no
doubt that your participation will make the play a greatly success.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
一、语法填空
One morning, I 1 (wait) at the bus stop， 2 (worry) about being late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 3 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 the window, so I had 5 good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike caught my 6 (attend)--he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop 7 we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “ 8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 9 (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase 10 (grate). Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.
二、短文改错
Disappointed at the result of the examination, I sat on the sofa in silent after school. My father found I was so
unhappy but came to ask me why. After learning the reason, my father give me a smile. He said, “Don’t allow the terribly
things in your life to discount the positive one. Don’t let a bad day or month or year to make you feel like you have a
bad life. Instead focusing on everything that’s going wrong, start holding onto all of the things that is going right. You’ll
feel better soon.” Hear what my father said, I felt it the shame to act like that and decided to cheer myself up.
答案和解析
一、语法填空
1.【答案】myself
【解题思路】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
2.【答案】which/that
【解题思路】考查关系代词。本空前有“made”，后有“showed”，需要用连词连接两个谓语。“showed”前缺少主语，根据句意，主语为“study”，故该空既为连词，又充当句子主语，还指代“study”，应为关系代词which或that。
3.【答案】it/running
【解题思路】考查代词。固定搭配give it a try意为“试一试”。根据语境，这里是指“试着跑步”，“give”后的宾语即为“running”，故答案可为it，亦可为running。
4.【答案】them
【解题思路】考查人称代词宾格。此处含“find”的宾补用法。设空处应为动词find的宾语，故填them，find sb./sth. +adj.为固定结构，意为“发现某人/某物怎么样”。
5.【答案】who/that； it
【解题思路】考查关系代词引导定语从句的用法。此空没有给出参考词，首先可以考虑虚词——介词、冠词、连词，此处句子后方有cook（V.烹饪），分析句子结构可知此句应为复合句中的定语从句，先行词为“westerners”，在句子中充当主语成分，所以此处答案为who或that。
考查代词it 的用法。结合句意可知句中真正主语为to?eat out，所以此处用形式主语it。
6.【答案】them
【解题思路】考查人称代词宾格。cause sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，这里“cause”后为宾语，故“they”要改为宾格them。
7.【答案】it
【解题思路】考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。
二、句子改错
8.【答案】yourselves改为 themselves
【解题思路】考查代词。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
9.【答案】another改为other
【解题思路】考查不定代词。another指三者或三者以上中的另一个，修饰单数名词；other指其他的，修饰复数名词，此处后为“animals”，应改为other。
10.【答案】us改成me
【解题思路】考查人称代词宾格。此处句意为“他们对我说......”,故将us改为me。
11.【答案】myself改成my
【解题思路】考查形容词性物主代词用法。此处在“homework”前应该是用形容词性物主代词，表达“我的”，形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语为常考语法知识，而不是用反身代词myself，故把myself改为my。
12.【答案】all改成both或去掉all
【解题思路】考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用both指代。
13.【答案】your 改成my
【解题思路】考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面me可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. to explore 2. my 3. in-laws 4. in 5. had spent
6. a 7. Yet/But 8. who 9. possibly 10. called
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。作者嫁到一个中国家庭，对中国的姻亲关系感到非常困惑。文章以一个具体的例子表明了这种困惑。
1．考查非谓语动词。表示“需要做某事”，应用need to do结构。其中，to do作宾语。故填to explore。
2．考查代词。该空修饰language，应用形容词性物主代词。my native language of English：我的母语英语。故填my。
3．考查名词。my ___3___作介词with的宾语，需用名词。in-law意为“姻亲”，是可数名词，根据后面的their可知，该处应用复数形式。故填in-laws。
4．考查介词。“他们的村庄”在“浙江省境内”，表示“在……里面”，应用介词in。故填in。
5．考查时态。该空作谓语，且“spend the entire day”发生在said之前，即：过去的过去。应用过去完成时态。故填had spent。
6．考查冠词。句意：一天晚上吃饭的时候，我大姑姐说，婆婆一整天都在和一个“舅舅”种地。该处表示“一个舅舅”，故填不定冠词a。
7．考查连词。上文提到大姑姐说婆婆和一个舅舅在种地。下文提到我们只有两个舅舅，这两个舅舅在种地方面都不需要帮助。很明显，上下文之间是转折关系。故填But/Yet。
8．考查定语从句。____8____had just begun working as the village secretary是定语从句，修饰the younger one，引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
9．考查副词。该空修饰动词assist，应用副词。故填possibly。
10．考查非谓语动词。___10___(call) jiujiu是定语，修饰someone。someone和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填called。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1.join前面加上to
2. play →plays
3. that →which
4. 第二个a →the
5. to →with
6. I →you
7. are →were
8.it去掉
9. It →There
10. greatly →great
【解题思路】这是一篇应用文。作者想邀请朋友参与莎士比亚的戏剧，并出演罗密欧一角。
1. 考查固定短语。invite sb to do是固定搭配。故将join前面加上to。
2. 考查名词的数。前面有one of，play是可数名词，要用复数形式。故将play改为plays。
3. 考查关系代词。“that will be put on three weeks from now”作非限定性定语从句，修饰play。先行词在从句中作主语，非限定性定语从句不能使用关系代词that。故将that改为which。
4. 考查冠词。罗密欧一角特指莎士比亚戏剧里的角色，the表特指。故将a改为the。
5. 考查固定短语。be familiar to意为“为……所熟悉”，主语一般是物；be familiar with意为“熟悉……”，主语一般是人。故将to改为with。
6. 考查代词。句意：当你在英国的时候，你有表演的经历。作者邀请朋友出演角色，说的都是朋友的经历。故将I改为you。
7. 考查时态。在英国是过去发生的事情，而且主句的时态是一般过去时。故将are改为were。
8. 考查主语从句。句意：你所需要做的是记住一些台词并做一些练习。What you need to do是主语从句，what作从句的宾语，句子里面不缺任何成分，所以不需要加it。故将it去掉。
9. 考查固定搭配。There is no doubt that...是固定搭配，意为“毫无疑问……”，故将It改为There。
10. 考查形容词。success是名词，用形容词修饰名词。故将greatly改为great。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. was waiting 2.worried 3.and 4.to 5.a
6. attention 7.till/ until 8.Did 9.me/ mine 10.gratefully
【解题思路】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要记叙了在一个早上作者挤公交车遇到好心男孩坚持骑着自行车一直追着公交车，并归还了一位女士的手提包的故事。
1．考查时态。句意：一天早上，我正在公交站等公交，担心上学迟到。表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语是I，故填was waiting。
2．考查过去分词。句意：担心上学迟到。此处是过去分词作伴随状语，表示此时主语担忧的状态，故用worried。
3．考查连词。句意：有许多人正在公交站等车，而且他们中的一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。根据内容可知前后是并列关系。故填and。
4．考查固定搭配。句意：我得到一个靠窗的位置。next to是固定短语，意思是“靠近，临近”。故填to。
5．考查冠词。句意：我得到一个靠窗的位置，因此我的视野能很好看到人行道。good view “好的视野”，view是可数名词，故用冠词a。
6．考查名词。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起我的注意。短语catch one’s attention意为“引起某人注意”，在形容词性物主代词后面，故用名词attention。
7．考查连词。句意：我听到后面的乘客在冲司机喊叫，但是他拒绝停下来直到下一个站。根据后半句可知司机拒绝停下来，可知此处是表示“直到”的意思，故用连词until。
8．考查助动词。句意：在上一个站有人丢失了一个手提箱吗？此处是询问过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，所以助动词用Did。注意：该单词位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Did。
9．考查代词。句意：哦，天哪！是我的。根据前文It is可知，此处用人称代词宾格或者名词性物主代词作表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，故填mine/me。
10．考查副词。句意：她向司机挤了过去，感激地拿起了手提包。通常副词修饰动词，此处是用副词修饰“took”这个动作，故填gratefully。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1. silent →silence
2. but →and
3. give →gave
4. terribly →terrible
5. one →ones
6.去掉to
7.focusing前加of
8. is →are
9. Hear →Hearing
10. the →a
【解题思路】
这是一篇记叙文。作者因为考试结果心情不好，结果作者父亲告诉作者不要把注意力集中在每件出错的事情上，而是要抓住每件能做对的事情。
1.考查固定短语。句意：考试的结果让我失望，放学后我静静地坐在沙发上。固定短语in silence，意为“安静地”。故silent改为silence。
2.考查连词。句意：父亲发现我很不高兴，就来问我为什么。根据上下文语境为承接关系，故but改为and。
3.考查动词时态。根据上文可知事情发生在过去应用一般过去时，故give改为gave。
4.考查形容词。句意：他说:“不要让生活中糟糕的事情影响到积极的事情。” 本句中修饰名词 things 应用形容词 terrible。故terribly改为terrible。
5.考查代词。句意同上。此处指糟糕的事情影响到积极的事情，ones指代上文things。故one改为ones。
6.考查固定短语。句意：不要让糟糕的一天、一个月或一年让你觉得你的生活很糟糕。let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故to 删除。
7.考查固定短语。句意：不要把注意力集中在每件出错的事情上，而是要抓住每件做对的事情。instead of 意为“代替，而不是”，为固定搭配。故正确答案为在 focusing 之前添加 of。
8.考查主谓一致。句意：不要把注意力集中在每件出错的事情上，而是要抓住每件能做对的事情。该句中 that 引导定语从句修饰先行词 things，things 为复数形式，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。故is改为are。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：听了父亲的话，我觉得那样做是一种耻辱，我决定振作起来。动词 hear 与主语 I 构成主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式做状语。故Hear改为Hearing。
10.考查冠词。句意同上。the 为定冠词，表特指，而此处的 shame 为泛指，指一件令人羞愧的事情，因此应用不定冠词 a 修饰。故the改为a。
高考对代词的考查主要是在具体、特定语境下灵活运用代词。特别是不定代词one，the one，ones，the ones与指示代词this，that，these，those，it的用法区别，代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语。解答此类试题需要注意：在解题时一定要明确考点，对比分析，对症下药，尤其是要掌握好容易混淆的代词的辨析。
代词在近年高考试题中出现频率很高，每年至少测试一道题。在语法填空中主要考查代词的不同词形的变化，短文改错中主要考查代词的指代一致问题。
考点1：both，all，either，each，every，neither，none的用法
1.both，either，neither用于两者。both意为“两者都”；either意为“两者中的任何一个”；neither意为“两者中的任何一个都不”。如：
Both the boys are clever.两个男孩每个都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩中哪个都很聪明。
Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
2.all，none，each，every用于多者。all意为“全部都”，指可数的东西时为复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；none意为“全都不，任何一个都不”，指可数的东西时可为单数或复数，指不可数的东西时为单数；each和every意为“每一个”，为单数，两者都能作定语用，但each还可作主语、宾语和同位语。
All of the students are there.所有学生都在。
All (of) the milk is there.所有牛奶都在。
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
Each student may have an e-dictionary. /Each of the students has an e-dictionary. /The students each have an e-dictionary. 每个学生都可有一本电子词典。
【典例】
It’s an either-or situation — we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do ________.
A．others B．either
C．another D．both
【答案】D
【解析】句意：这是一种二选一的情况，我们今年要么买一辆新车，要么去度假，但两者不可兼得。空格处表示部分否定，应用not ... both，故选D。
考点2：复合不定代词的用法
由some，any，no，every加上-body，-one，-thing构成的不定代词，叫复合不定代词。
1．some构成的不定代词一般用于肯定句，意为“某人或某物，重要的人或事”。如：
Somebody is waiting outside.
I have something for you.
She thinks she’s something since she won the prize.（获奖之后，她觉得自己了不起了。）
2．any构成的不定代词一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，意为“随便某个人或物，无论什么人或物，什么人或物都可以”。如：
Does anybody else want to go?
There isn’t anything in the box.
If anyone wants to go on the trip, register here please!
有时也用于肯定句中表示“任何人或物”。如：
Anybody can work out that simple maths problem.
You can take anything you like.
3．no构成的不定代词意为“没什么人或物”。如：
I know nothing about it.
There is nobody here.
4．every构成的不定代词意为“一切人或物，每个人或物”。everything还可表示“最重要的人或物”。如：
Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation.
She does everything to help her mother.
Her son is everything to her.（对她来说儿子就是一切。）
【典例】
This project requires close teamwork. ________ will be achieved unless we work well together.
A．Nothing B．Anything
C．Something D．Everything
【答案】A
【解析】句意：这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则一事无成。根据句意可知此处应用表示否定意义的词语，故选A。
考点3：the other，other，another，others，the others的区别
the other/
other
the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的“另一个”；也可修饰名词表示“另外的……”。other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义。
another
可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外的……(多少)”。
others/
the others
others只能单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some一起出现；
特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。
He is willing to help other people / others.
Twenty of the students in our class have been to Beijing. The other students/The others have not.
Some of us like football, and others are fond of basketball.
We need another five chairs/five more chairs.
【典例】
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ________.
A．another B．the other
C．one another D．one
【答案】A
【解析】句意：回收是保护环境的一种方法；而重复使用是另一种。another表示“(三者及三者以上的)另一个”；the other表示“(两者中的)另一个”；one another“相互”；one“一”。
考点4：none，no one，nobody，nothing的区别
none
既可指人，也可指物；侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物；后可接of短语；作主语时谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句。
—How much money do you have?
—None.
no one/
nobody
只能指人；是泛指概念，常用来回答由who引导的疑问句；不与of短语连用；作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
—Who is in the room?
—Nobody. / No one.
nothing
只能指物，且表泛指概念；常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。
—What are you doing now?
—Nothing.
考点5：替代词的用法和区别
it
替代前面提到过的同一个人或者物。
—Have you found your pen?
—No, I haven’t found it.
one/ones
one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an＋单数名词。其复数形式为ones。
I think this book is better than the one I read last time.
These shoes are not good enough. Show me some better ones.
that/those
that用来替代前面出现的同类的名词，是同类替代，但并非同一个，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词。指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones。
The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Nanjing in winter.
【典例】
The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ________ on the small ones.
A．one B．this
C．that D．it
【答案】C
【解析】句意：大街上的绿灯比小街上的绿灯亮得时间更长。that在此处替代前面提到的traffic，以避免重复。one泛指可数名词单数；this通常指代下文要提到的事情；it指代上文出现的同一事物。
一、语法填空
1.【2019·北京】I know I will whisper to ______(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【解题思路】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“Be yourself”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
2.【2018·全国卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
【答案】which/that
【解题思路】考查关系代词。本空前有“made”，后有“showed”，需要用连词连接两个谓语。“showed”前缺少主语，根据句意，主语为“study”，故该空既为连词，又充当句子主语，还指代“study”，应为关系代词which或that。
3.【2018·全国卷I】If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.
【答案】it/running
【解题思路】考查代词。固定搭配give it a try意为“试一试”。根据语境，这里是指“试着跑步”，“give”后的宾语即为“running”，故答案可为it，亦可为running。
4.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find 68. (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解题思路】考查人称代词宾格。此处含“find”的宾补用法。设空处应为动词find的宾语，故填them，find sb./sth. +adj.为固定结构，意为“发现某人/某物怎么样”。
5.【2018·浙江卷6月】Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
【答案】who/that；it
【解题思路】考查关系代词引导定语从句的用法。此空没有给出参考词，首先可以考虑虚词——介词、冠词、连词，此处句子后方有cook（V.烹饪），分析句子结构可知此句应为复合句中的定语从句，先行词为“westerners”，在句子中充当主语成分，所以此处答案为who或that。
考查代词it 的用法。结合句意可知句中真正主语为to?eat out，所以此处用形式主语it。
6.【2018·浙江卷11月】One cup of coffee in the late afternoon or evening will cause (they) to stay awake almost all night.
【答案】them
【解题思路】考查人称代词宾格。cause sb. to do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，这里“cause”后为宾语，故“they”要改为宾格them。
7.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using ________ every day.
【答案】it
【解题思路】考查代词。it指代伦敦地铁。
二、句子改错
8.【2019·全国卷III】In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
【答案】yourselves改为 themselves
【解题思路】考查代词。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
9.【2018·全国卷I】The first time I went there, they were found living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解题思路】考查不定代词。another指三者或三者以上中的另一个，修饰单数名词；other指其他的，修饰复数名词，此处后为“animals”，应改为other。
10.【2018·全国卷Ⅱ】They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改成me
【解题思路】考查人称代词宾格。此处句意为“他们对我说......”,故将us改为me。
11.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】I had done myself homework, but I was shy.
【答案】myself改成my
【解题思路】考查形容词性物主代词用法。此处在“homework”前应该是用形容词性物主代词，表达“我的”，形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语为常考语法知识，而不是用反身代词myself，故把myself改为my。
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
【答案】all改成both或去掉all
【解题思路】考查代词的用法。根据语境可知，张家夫妇仅有二人，用both指代。
13.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】your 改成my
【解题思路】考查代词。整篇文章都是在说“我”的事情，而且根据前面me可知此处还是指“我的”高中生活。
一、语法填空
When I married into a Chinese family, nobody ever warned me about the complicated “Chinese relatives name game”. I would need 1 (explore) a world of completely novel terms for family members that have no exact equivalents in 2 (me) native language of English.
Consider this exchange that happened a few years ago while I was living with my 3 (in-law) in their rural village 4 Zhejiang Province during the summer holiday.
During dinner one evening, my sister-in-law said our mother-in-law 5 ( spend) the entire day planting the fields with 6 “jiujiu” , the Chinese term for uncles on the mother's side of the family. 7 as I understood, we only had two uncles we addressed with this term—Older Jiujiu and Younger Jiujiu. Neither needed help in the fields, especially the younger one 8 had just begun working as the village secretary. How could our mother-in-law 9 (possible) have assisted someone 10 (call) jiujiu?
【答案】
1. to explore 2. my 3. in-laws 4. in 5. had spent
6. a 7. Yet/But 8. who 9. possibly 10. called
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。作者嫁到一个中国家庭，对中国的姻亲关系感到非常困惑。文章以一个具体的例子表明了这种困惑。
1．考查非谓语动词。表示“需要做某事”，应用need to do结构。其中，to do作宾语。故填to explore。
2．考查代词。该空修饰language，应用形容词性物主代词。my native language of English：我的母语英语。故填my。
3．考查名词。my ___3___作介词with的宾语，需用名词。in-law意为“姻亲”，是可数名词，根据后面的their可知，该处应用复数形式。故填in-laws。
4．考查介词。“他们的村庄”在“浙江省境内”，表示“在……里面”，应用介词in。故填in。
5．考查时态。该空作谓语，且“spend the entire day”发生在said之前，即：过去的过去。应用过去完成时态。故填had spent。
6．考查冠词。句意：一天晚上吃饭的时候，我大姑姐说，婆婆一整天都在和一个“舅舅”种地。该处表示“一个舅舅”，故填不定冠词a。
7．考查连词。上文提到大姑姐说婆婆和一个舅舅在种地。下文提到我们只有两个舅舅，这两个舅舅在种地方面都不需要帮助。很明显，上下文之间是转折关系。故填But/Yet。
8．考查定语从句。____8____had just begun working as the village secretary是定语从句，修饰the younger one，引导词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
9．考查副词。该空修饰动词assist，应用副词。故填possibly。
10．考查非谓语动词。___10___(call) jiujiu是定语，修饰someone。someone和call之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填called。
二、短文改错
I’m writing to invite you join us in playing in one of William Shakespeare’s well-known play, Romeo and Juliet. The play, that will be put on three weeks from now, is looking for a young man to play a role of Romeo. I think you are the right person. You are familiar to the story because you have just finished a paper on it. Besides, I had experience in performing when you are in England. What you need it to do is to memorize a few lines and do some practice. It is no doubt that your participation will make the play a greatly success.
I’m looking forward to your reply.
【答案】
1.join前面加上to
2. play →plays
3. that →which
4. 第二个a →the
5. to →with
6. I →you
7. are →were
8.it去掉
9. It →There
10. greatly →great
【解题思路】这是一篇应用文。作者想邀请朋友参与莎士比亚的戏剧，并出演罗密欧一角。
1. 考查固定短语。invite sb to do是固定搭配。故将join前面加上to。
2. 考查名词的数。前面有one of，play是可数名词，要用复数形式。故将play改为plays。
3. 考查关系代词。“that will be put on three weeks from now”作非限定性定语从句，修饰play。先行词在从句中作主语，非限定性定语从句不能使用关系代词that。故将that改为which。
4. 考查冠词。罗密欧一角特指莎士比亚戏剧里的角色，the表特指。故将a改为the。
5. 考查固定短语。be familiar to意为“为……所熟悉”，主语一般是物；be familiar with意为“熟悉……”，主语一般是人。故将to改为with。
6. 考查代词。句意：当你在英国的时候，你有表演的经历。作者邀请朋友出演角色，说的都是朋友的经历。故将I改为you。
7. 考查时态。在英国是过去发生的事情，而且主句的时态是一般过去时。故将are改为were。
8. 考查主语从句。句意：你所需要做的是记住一些台词并做一些练习。What you need to do是主语从句，what作从句的宾语，句子里面不缺任何成分，所以不需要加it。故将it去掉。
9. 考查固定搭配。There is no doubt that...是固定搭配，意为“毫无疑问……”，故将It改为There。
10. 考查形容词。success是名词，用形容词修饰名词。故将greatly改为great。
一、语法填空
One morning, I 1 (wait) at the bus stop， 2 (worry) about being late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 3 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next 4 the window, so I had 5 good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike caught my 6 (attend)--he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop 7 we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept riding. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked, “ 8 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop? ” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s 9 (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase 10 (grate). Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers suddenly became friendly to one another.
【答案】
1. was waiting 2.worried 3.and 4.to 5.a
6. attention 7.till/ until 8.Did 9.me/ mine 10.gratefully
【解题思路】
这是一篇记叙文。本文主要记叙了在一个早上作者挤公交车遇到好心男孩坚持骑着自行车一直追着公交车，并归还了一位女士的手提包的故事。
1．考查时态。句意：一天早上，我正在公交站等公交，担心上学迟到。表示过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，主语是I，故填was waiting。
2．考查过去分词。句意：担心上学迟到。此处是过去分词作伴随状语，表示此时主语担忧的状态，故用worried。
3．考查连词。句意：有许多人正在公交站等车，而且他们中的一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。根据内容可知前后是并列关系。故填and。
4．考查固定搭配。句意：我得到一个靠窗的位置。next to是固定短语，意思是“靠近，临近”。故填to。
5．考查冠词。句意：我得到一个靠窗的位置，因此我的视野能很好看到人行道。good view “好的视野”，view是可数名词，故用冠词a。
6．考查名词。句意：一个骑自行车的男孩引起我的注意。短语catch one’s attention意为“引起某人注意”，在形容词性物主代词后面，故用名词attention。
7．考查连词。句意：我听到后面的乘客在冲司机喊叫，但是他拒绝停下来直到下一个站。根据后半句可知司机拒绝停下来，可知此处是表示“直到”的意思，故用连词until。
8．考查助动词。句意：在上一个站有人丢失了一个手提箱吗？此处是询问过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，所以助动词用Did。注意：该单词位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Did。
9．考查代词。句意：哦，天哪！是我的。根据前文It is可知，此处用人称代词宾格或者名词性物主代词作表语，强调“是我的包，或者是我丢了包”，故填mine/me。
10．考查副词。句意：她向司机挤了过去，感激地拿起了手提包。通常副词修饰动词，此处是用副词修饰“took”这个动作，故填gratefully。
二、短文改错
Disappointed at the result of the examination, I sat on the sofa in silent after school. My father found I was so unhappy but came to ask me why. After learning the reason, my father give me a smile. He said, “Don’t allow the terribly things in your life to discount the positive one. Don’t let a bad day or month or year to make you feel like you have a bad life. Instead focusing on everything that’s going wrong, start holding onto all of the things that is going right. You’ll feel better soon.” Hear what my father said, I felt it the shame to act like that and decided to cheer myself up.
【答案】
1. silent →silence
2. but →and
3. give →gave
4. terribly →terrible
5. one →ones
6.去掉to
7.focusing前加of
8. is →are
9. Hear →Hearing
10. the →a
【解题思路】
这是一篇记叙文。作者因为考试结果心情不好，结果作者父亲告诉作者不要把注意力集中在每件出错的事情上，而是要抓住每件能做对的事情。
1.考查固定短语。句意：考试的结果让我失望，放学后我静静地坐在沙发上。固定短语in silence，意为“安静地”。故silent改为silence。
2.考查连词。句意：父亲发现我很不高兴，就来问我为什么。根据上下文语境为承接关系，故but改为and。
3.考查动词时态。根据上文可知事情发生在过去应用一般过去时，故give改为gave。
4.考查形容词。句意：他说:“不要让生活中糟糕的事情影响到积极的事情。” 本句中修饰名词 things 应用形容词 terrible。故terribly改为terrible。
5.考查代词。句意同上。此处指糟糕的事情影响到积极的事情，ones指代上文things。故one改为ones。
6.考查固定短语。句意：不要让糟糕的一天、一个月或一年让你觉得你的生活很糟糕。let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，为固定搭配。故to 删除。
7.考查固定短语。句意：不要把注意力集中在每件出错的事情上，而是要抓住每件做对的事情。instead of 意为“代替，而不是”，为固定搭配。故正确答案为在 focusing 之前添加 of。
8.考查主谓一致。句意：不要把注意力集中在每件出错的事情上，而是要抓住每件能做对的事情。该句中 that 引导定语从句修饰先行词 things，things 为复数形式，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是复数形式。故is改为are。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：听了父亲的话，我觉得那样做是一种耻辱，我决定振作起来。动词 hear 与主语 I 构成主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式做状语。故Hear改为Hearing。
10.考查冠词。句意同上。the 为定冠词，表特指，而此处的 shame 为泛指，指一件令人羞愧的事情，因此应用不定冠词 a 修饰。故the改为a。
