名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。
在学习名词性从句时，应注意从以下几个方面入手：
一、要熟悉句子的各种成分，尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。
二、要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及其用法，以及that, if, whether的用法区别。
三、要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况，例如：that的省略，语序问题，时态问题，语气问题。
四、要注意疑问连接词what，when，where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况。
五、要注意whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。
名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力，特别是将名词性从句与强调句、定语从句、状语从句等结合起来考查。
考点1 主语从句
引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether; 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词when, where, why, how等。
1.连接词that，whether引导
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
特别提示
(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
A. It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很显然，整个计划注定要失败。
B. It+系动词+名词+that从句。如：
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
C. It + be + v.-ed形式+that从句。如：
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.
据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
2.连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②Who the letter was from is still unknown.
这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
3.连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.
针灸是如何减轻和缓解疼痛的还不清楚。
②Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。
【典例】
It is obvious to the students _____________they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as B. that
C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：很明显，学生们应该为他们的未来做好准备。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that，故选B。
考点2 宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether, if等，连接代词what, whose, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词when, where, why, how等。
1.连接词that, whether, if引导
①I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.
我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.
我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
特别提示
1.whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：
Let me know whether or not you can come.
请让我知道你是否能来。
(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.
我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2.连接代词和连接副词引导。连接代词有what，who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词有when, where, why, how等。如：
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in class.
她问我班上谁的书法最好。
②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
③Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？
④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。
3. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：
①He asked me when we could set out the next day.
他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
②Did you find out where she lost her car?
你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
4. 宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：
①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）
②She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）
③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：
①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
②He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句时过去将来时）
③He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：
①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
②He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
【典例】
In spite of _________ has been said, quite a lot of people are still uncertain about the state of the country’s economy.
A. what B. which
C. that D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：不管人们怎么说，很多人仍然对国家的经济状况不确定。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。故选A。
考点3 表语从句
常用连接词that, whether；连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词when, where, how, why引导。
1.连接词引导
①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.
他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
②The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
2. 连接代词和连接副词引导
①The problem is who will take charge of this shop.
问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
②That is when I realized the importance of journalism.
那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
特别提示
（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。
如：①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听上去好像有人在敲门。
②At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.
当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that...
如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.
他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
【典例】
Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：是否能够找到阻止污染的方法是公众所担心的。分析句子可知，is 后接表语从句。表语从句中缺少主语，所以what来充当主语。故选D。
考点4 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。
1. 通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：
①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.
他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。
②I have no idea that she quit her present job.
我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。
③Given me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.
你答应我，今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。
2.同位语从句还可以用whether, when, where, why, how等引导，如：
①The student ask me the question whether the book was worth reading.
学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。
②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.
我不知道当时他激动的原因。
【典例】
There is consensus among Chinese people no country or individual can develop without copyright protection.
A. where B. who C. whether D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：中国人之间有一个共识，没有版权保护，国家和个人都无法发展。“共识”的具体内容就是“没有版权保护，国家和个人都无法发展”，两者之间是等位关系。且从句是一个陈述句，不缺少成份，所以填that。故选D。
一、语法填空
1.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】I’m not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
3.【2018·浙江】It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
二、单项填空
4.【2019·江苏】Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
5.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
6.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded to ______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
7.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be____ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
8.【2018·北京】This is ____ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
9.【2017·北京】Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
10.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
11.【2017·江苏】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
12.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
1. There are some differences between American and British English, but do you know _____the differences came into being?
A. that B. what C. which D. how
2. ______ remains doubtful ______ this is an important discovery.
A. That; whether B. That; that C. It; whether D. It; that
3. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
4. Many companies don’t realize _________ important the customers are, which is why they lose their customers unconsciously.
A. what B. whether C. how D. which
5. One of the proudest moments in my life is ________ I was rewarded for my courage after saving a drowning child.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
6. High school students will be better aware of the real world is like by participating in community service.
A. that B. how C. what D. where
7. The argument has gained currency throughout the world ________ listening to classical music regularly improves the brain dramatically.
A. whether B. that C. what D. where
8. It makes sense that those introverted(内向的) people can make up for _____ they lack in social skills with sincerity.
A. which B. what C. if D. that
9. The question came up at the meeting ____ we have enough money for our research.
A. whether B. that C. which D. where
10. He started to write his essay, safe in the knowledge ________ he wouldn’t be disturbed for a whole day.
A. whether B. what C. that D. when
11. That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is ________ many office workers spend their weekends.
A. what B. how C. where D. why
12. Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know _____ it can lead.
A. how B. where C. whether D. what
13. I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure of ______ China has met its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
14. It was the belief ________ he could find his “root” in Africa _________ made Alex Haley decide to go to Gambia.
A. that; where B. where; that C. that; that D. how; which
15. Stephen Hawking's crowning achievement was his prediction in the 1970s ________ black holes can emit energy, despite the classical view that nothing can escape their gravity.
A. when B. what C. how D. that
一、语法填空
【2019·浙江高三第三次模拟】What does a beautiful person look like? Well, it depends on whom you ask and 1． they are from.
Much like the way people with straight hair want 2． (curl) hair or those with pale skin lie in the sun trying to get a suntan(晒黑), people often find themselves more attractive when 3． (visit) another country.
Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora. It asked, “Have you ever been considered more attractive in a country 4． than your own?”
Many replies made 5． clear just how much more attractive they were considered in other country, and why.
Lolyta from Indonesia wrote, “In my home country, I am not considered beautiful, 6． when I went to Europe I got a lot of attention.” Pooja Gautam from Nepal shared a similar experience. Women with lighter skin always got more attention than she 7． in her country. But in Poland, she has gotten 8． (usual) high levels of attention from locals. “Tanning salons(晒黑沙龙) are a big thing in Polish cities,” she wrote. “Some Polish people find it hard to believe 9． I tell them that many Nepalese people carry 10． (umbrella) on hot, sunny days to stop their skin from turning darker.”
二、短文改错
【2019·甘肃张掖市第二中学高三月考】As is often the case, when people are attending to meetings, having
meals or waiting for buses, you can always find them addicting to their phones, completely ignoring others.
This is really a common phenomena in our life. The reason is why smart phones nowadays can be used for
people to play mobile games and kept in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat. Therefore, too much exposure to
phones are bad for people in terms of health. Moreover, people involved in phones fail to communicate well with
these around them.
As far as I am concerned, people should wisely make use of their phones to help their work and study.
Meanwhile, care much about their family and friends rather than mobile phones.
答案和解析
一、语法填空
1.【答案】that
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词“evidence”的内容，故填that。
2.【答案】which
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。设空处后出给了范围，在“me”和“the female gorilla”间进行选择，可译为“哪一个”，用which。
3.【答案】that
【解题思路】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
二、单项填空
4.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整，且与“evidence”指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
5.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：我们到达那儿的唯一方式是坐船。根据句子中的“by boat”可知从句需要方式状语来引导，故选择 D。
6.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句引导词的辨析。根据句子成分划分可知“______ wins the first place in the bicycle race”为介词to后面的宾语从句，而在宾语从句中缺少指代人的主语成分，故选whoever。whomever不能作从句中的主语，wherever表示“无论哪里”，whatever只能指物，表示“无论什么”。
7.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“没有他的支持，我们就不会是我们现在的样子。”how表方式；when表时间；where表地点；why表原因。所以选C。
8.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“这就是我的父亲教给我的，面对问题总是要往最好的方向想。”be动词后面是表语从句，然后根据表语从句做题原则，从句缺少宾语，所以选连接代词what。
9.【答案】B
【解题思路】A. whatever 任何事；B. whoever 任何人；C. whomever 任何人；D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词whoever，故选B。
10.【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处表地点，故选B。
11.【答案】C
【解题思路】“half of _______ it used to charge”是“$20”的同位语，即原来的价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句。宾语从句中的“charge”后面缺少宾语，所以用“what”来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。故选C。
12.【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。
1. 【答案】D
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：美国英语和英国英语之间有很大的差异，但是你知道这些差异是怎么产生的吗？分析句子的结构可知，“know”后面为一个宾语从句，而根据句子的意思可知，应该是表达的差异是怎么产生的，所以用how“怎么，如何”来引导该宾语从句。that引导名词性从句，无实义，只起连接作用；而what必须在从句中做主语或者宾语等，但是从句中缺少状语，可排除；而which表示“哪个”，与句意明显不符。故选D。
2. 【答案】C
【解题思路】考查主语从句。句意：这是否是重大发现还不确定。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填词是形式主语，只能填it，排除A、B两项。根据句意可知第二空用whether“是否”引导真正的主语从句，符合句意，排除D项。故选C。
3.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句，what引导名词性时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。故选D。
4. 【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：很多公司都没有意识到顾客是多么重要，这就是它们在不经意间失去顾客的原因。A. what什么；B. whether是否；C. how如何，多么；D. which哪一个。分析句子结构可知，此处是用感叹句作宾语从句，important是形容词，故用how引导，故选C项。
5. 【答案】B
【解题思路】考查连接词。句意：我一生中最值得骄傲的时刻之一，是在救了一个溺水儿童后，我的勇气得到了回报。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。故选B。
6. 【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：通过参加社区服务，高中生会更好地意识到现实世界是什么样的。A. that那个；B. how如何；C. what什么；D. where哪里。本句中“be aware of”做谓语，其后跟的是宾语从句；又由于宾语从句中缺少介词“like”的宾语，所以要用what引导。故选C项。
7.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：这一观点在全世界流行开来，即常听古典音乐能显著改善大脑。空格后的从句是对“currency”的解释，从句中不缺成分，语意完整，因此使用that引导同位语从句，故选B。
8.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：内向的人可以用真诚弥补他们在社交技能上的不足，这是有道理的。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“社交技能上的不足”应用what引导。故选B。
9. 【答案】A
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：我们是否有足够的钱进行研究的问题在会议上被提出来了。分析句子结构可知，此处是同位语从句，用来补充说明“the question”，再结合句意“我们是否有足够的钱进行研究”，可知whether符合语境。故选A项。
10.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意：他开始写论文，因为他知道他一整天都不会被打扰。分析句子可知，that引导同位语从句，解释“knowledge”的内容。故选C。
11.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是where引导的表语从句，故选C。
12.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意为：不要因为觉得工作太小就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。“know”后面接了宾语从句，“lead”是不及物动词，后面不缺成分，故用副词引导从句，根据句意，选B。
13.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：中国对气候目标的承诺令我印象深刻，事实证明了这一点，中国提前三年完成了2020年的目标。此处为同位语从句，从句成分完整，所以用“that”解释说明“the fact”的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故A项正确。
14.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连词辨析。根据句子结构及成分可知，本句主干是强调句型：It is +被强调部分+that +其它部分；第一空处引导“belief”的同位语从句，从句成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用的代词that引导；第二空处则应是强调句中的that。句意：是Alex Haley能在非洲找到他的根的想法使他决定去赞比亚。故C选项正确。
15.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：Stephen Hawking最大的成就是在20世纪70年代预测宇宙黑洞能够发出能量，而传统观点认为任何事物都无法逃避重力。句中“that”引导同位语从句解释名词“prediction”的内容，that在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词。故D项正确。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1．where
2．curly
3．visiting
4．other
5．it
6．but
7．did
8．unusually
9．when
10．umbrellas
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。最近，美国问答网站Quora上的一篇文章问道:“你在其他国家比你在自己的国家会更有吸引力吗?”很多人的回答都很明确，他们在其他国家的吸引力有多大，以及为什么。
1．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：嗯，这取决于你问谁，他们来自哪里。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
2．考查形容词。句意：就像直发的人想要卷发，或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样。“hair”为名词，要用形容词修饰，故用curly。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像直发的人想要卷发，或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样，人们在到另一个国家旅游时，往往会发现自己更有吸引力。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故“visit”做非谓语动词。与逻辑主语“people”之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词visiting。
4．考查固定短语。句意：它问道:“你在其他国家比在你自己的国家会更有吸引力吗?”固定词组other than“不同于”。故填other。
5．考查形式宾语。句意：许多回复都明确表示，他们在其他国家被认为更具吸引力。短语make it clear“讲清楚”，make后跟it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句。故填it。
6．考查连词。句意：在我的祖国，我不被认为是美丽的，但当我去欧洲时，我得到了很多关注。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系，故用but。
7．考查动词的省略。句意：在她的国家，肤色较浅的女性总是比她更受关注。为了避免重复“got more attention”，用助动词do代替。且根据上文“got”可知应用一般过去时，故填did。
8．考查副词。句意：但在波兰，她得到了当地人异乎寻常的高度关注。由前面的“but”可知前后两句是转折关系，又要修饰形容词故用副词形式unusually。
9．考查状语从句连接词。句意：当我告诉他们许多尼泊尔人为了防止皮肤被晒黑而在晴朗的大热天撑伞时，一些波兰人觉得难以相信。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故填when。
10．考查名词的数。umbrella为名词，前面没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式umbrellas。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1. 去掉to
2. addicting→addicted
3. phenomena→phenomenon
4. why→that
5. kept→keep
6. Therefore →However
7. are→is
8. these→those
9. 在help和their work之间加with
10. much→more
【解题思路】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章描述了现在人们整天沉迷于玩手机而忽视了别人的现象，呼吁人们明智使用手机，多关心家人和朋友。
1.考查及物动词。此处指人们参加会议，句中attend是及物动词直接加宾语。故去掉to。
2.考查固定短语。你总是会发现他们痴迷于手机。be addicted to对…上瘾。故addicting改为addicted。
3.考查名词单复数。这在我们的生活中是一个很普遍的现象。phenomena为复数，此处表示“一个现象”用单数。故phenomena改为phenomenon。
4.考查表语从句。这是因为智能手机可以被用来玩游戏等，本题考查固定句型：the reason is that…原因是，that引导表语从句，故why改为that。
5.考查动词。此处为and连接两个并列的动词不定式。与“and”前的“play”并列，故kept改为keep。
6.考查连接副词。句意：然而过多使用手机对孩子的健康有害。上文讲述手机的优点，下文是缺点，前后转折，故Therefore 改为However。
7.考查主谓一致。“too much exposure to phones”是主语，谓语动词与之一致用单数。故are改为is。
8.考查代词。此处应用those代替周边的那些人。故these改为those 。
9.考查介词。句意：人们应该使用手机来帮助其工作和学习。help with sth．帮助做某事。故在help和their work之间加with。
10.考查副词比较级。句意：与此同时，多多关注他们的家人和朋友，而不是手机。此处含有比较的意思，故much改为more。
名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。
在学习名词性从句时，应注意从以下几个方面入手：
一、要熟悉句子的各种成分，尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。
二、要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及其用法，以及that, if, whether的用法区别。
三、要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况，例如：that的省略，语序问题，时态问题，语气问题。
四、要注意疑问连接词what，when，where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况。
五、要注意whoever，whichever，whatever，whenever，wherever等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。
名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。
高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力，特别是将名词性从句与强调句、定语从句、状语从句等结合起来考查。
考点1 主语从句
引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether; 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词when, where, why, how等。
1.连接词that，whether引导
①That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
特别提示
(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
A. It+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很显然，整个计划注定要失败。
B. It+系动词+名词+that从句。如：
It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.
我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
C. It + be + v.-ed形式+that从句。如：
It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.
据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
2.连接代词引导
①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have.
我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②Who the letter was from is still unknown.
这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
3.连接副词引导
①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.
针灸是如何减轻和缓解疼痛的还不清楚。
②Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。
【典例】
It is obvious to the students _____________they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as B. that
C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：很明显，学生们应该为他们的未来做好准备。It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，也没有实际意义，用that，故选B。
考点2 宾语从句
引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether, if等，连接代词what, whose, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词when, where, why, how等。
1.连接词that, whether, if引导
①I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.
我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。
②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.
我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。
特别提示
1.whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。
(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：
Let me know whether or not you can come.
请让我知道你是否能来。
(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：
We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.
我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。
2.连接代词和连接副词引导。连接代词有what，who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词有when, where, why, how等。如：
①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in class.
她问我班上谁的书法最好。
②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.
我想到什么就说什么。
③Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?
你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？
④I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting.
我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。
3. 宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：
①He asked me when we could set out the next day.
他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。
②Did you find out where she lost her car?
你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?
4. 宾语从句的时态
(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：
①She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）
②She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）
③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：
①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
②He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句时过去将来时）
③He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从句是过去进行时）
（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：
①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。
②He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
【典例】
In spite of _________ has been said, quite a lot of people are still uncertain about the state of the country’s economy.
A. what B. which
C. that D. as
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：不管人们怎么说，很多人仍然对国家的经济状况不确定。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少主语，指物，故用what。故选A。
考点3 表语从句
常用连接词that, whether；连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词when, where, how, why引导。
1.连接词引导
①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.
他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。
②The question remains whether they will be able to help us.
问题还是他们能否帮我们。
2. 连接代词和连接副词引导
①The problem is who will take charge of this shop.
问题是谁将接管这家店铺。
②That is when I realized the importance of journalism.
那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。
特别提示
（1）as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。
如：①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听上去好像有人在敲门。
②At that time, it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word.
当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that...
如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late.
他来得晚是因为起床晚了。
【典例】
Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _______ worries the public.
A. why B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查表语从句。句意：是否能够找到阻止污染的方法是公众所担心的。分析句子可知，is 后接表语从句。表语从句中缺少主语，所以what来充当主语。故选D。
考点4 同位语从句
同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。
1. 通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：
①They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again.
他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。
②I have no idea that she quit her present job.
我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。
③Given me your promise that you will come to our party this evening.
你答应我，今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。
2.同位语从句还可以用whether, when, where, why, how等引导，如：
①The student ask me the question whether the book was worth reading.
学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。
②I have no idea why he was excited at that time.
我不知道当时他激动的原因。
【典例】
There is consensus among Chinese people no country or individual can develop without copyright protection.
A. where B. who C. whether D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查同位语从句的连接词。句意：中国人之间有一个共识，没有版权保护，国家和个人都无法发展。“共识”的具体内容就是“没有版权保护，国家和个人都无法发展”，两者之间是等位关系。且从句是一个陈述句，不缺少成份，所以填that。故选D。
一、语法填空
1.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence __________ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词“evidence”的内容，故填that。
2.【2018·全国卷Ⅲ】I’m not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
【答案】which
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。设空处后出给了范围，在“me”和“the female gorilla”间进行选择，可译为“哪一个”，用which。
3.【2018·浙江】It is possible caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.
【答案】that
【解题思路】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
二、单项填空
4.【2019·江苏】Scientists have obtained more evidence ________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，意思完整，且与“evidence”指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
5.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：我们到达那儿的唯一方式是坐船。根据句子中的“by boat”可知从句需要方式状语来引导，故选择 D。
6.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded to ______ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句引导词的辨析。根据句子成分划分可知“______ wins the first place in the bicycle race”为介词to后面的宾语从句，而在宾语从句中缺少指代人的主语成分，故选whoever。whomever不能作从句中的主语，wherever表示“无论哪里”，whatever只能指物，表示“无论什么”。
7.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be____ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“没有他的支持，我们就不会是我们现在的样子。”how表方式；when表时间；where表地点；why表原因。所以选C。
8.【2018·北京】This is ____ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“这就是我的父亲教给我的，面对问题总是要往最好的方向想。”be动词后面是表语从句，然后根据表语从句做题原则，从句缺少宾语，所以选连接代词what。
9.【2017·北京】Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解题思路】A. whatever 任何事；B. whoever 任何人；C. whomever 任何人；D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词whoever，故选B。
10.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处表地点，故选B。
11.【2017·江苏】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解题思路】“half of _______ it used to charge”是“$20”的同位语，即原来的价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句。宾语从句中的“charge”后面缺少宾语，所以用“what”来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。故选C。
12.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。
1. There are some differences between American and British English, but do you know _____the differences came into being?
A. that B. what C. which D. how
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：美国英语和英国英语之间有很大的差异，但是你知道这些差异是怎么产生的吗？分析句子的结构可知，“know”后面为一个宾语从句，而根据句子的意思可知，应该是表达的差异是怎么产生的，所以用how“怎么，如何”来引导该宾语从句。that引导名词性从句，无实义，只起连接作用；而what必须在从句中做主语或者宾语等，但是从句中缺少状语，可排除；而which表示“哪个”，与句意明显不符。故选D。
2. ______ remains doubtful ______ this is an important discovery.
A. That; whether B. That; that C. It; whether D. It; that
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查主语从句。句意：这是否是重大发现还不确定。分析句子结构可知，第一空应填词是形式主语，只能填it，排除A、B两项。根据句意可知第二空用whether“是否”引导真正的主语从句，符合句意，排除D项。故选C。
3. I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意：“我想告诉你的是我深爱我的父母并很尊重他们。”名词性从句的连词选用规则是：根据意思，缺什么就填什么，什么都不缺就填that。我们必须特别关注what所引导的名词性从句，what引导名词性时，必须在句中担当主、宾、表等成分，意思是“……的事或东西”，一般也不能用逗号和主句分割开来，插入语除外。故选D。
4. Many companies don’t realize _________ important the customers are, which is why they lose their customers unconsciously.
A. what B. whether C. how D. which
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：很多公司都没有意识到顾客是多么重要，这就是它们在不经意间失去顾客的原因。A. what什么；B. whether是否；C. how如何，多么；D. which哪一个。分析句子结构可知，此处是用感叹句作宾语从句，important是形容词，故用how引导，故选C项。
5. One of the proudest moments in my life is ________ I was rewarded for my courage after saving a drowning child.
A. that B. when C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查连接词。句意：我一生中最值得骄傲的时刻之一，是在救了一个溺水儿童后，我的勇气得到了回报。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。故选B。
6. High school students will be better aware of the real world is like by participating in community service.
A. that B. how C. what D. where
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查宾语从句。句意：通过参加社区服务，高中生会更好地意识到现实世界是什么样的。A. that那个；B. how如何；C. what什么；D. where哪里。本句中“be aware of”做谓语，其后跟的是宾语从句；又由于宾语从句中缺少介词“like”的宾语，所以要用what引导。故选C项。
7. The argument has gained currency throughout the world ________ listening to classical music regularly improves the brain dramatically.
A. whether B. that C. what D. where
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：这一观点在全世界流行开来，即常听古典音乐能显著改善大脑。空格后的从句是对“currency”的解释，从句中不缺成分，语意完整，因此使用that引导同位语从句，故选B。
8. It makes sense that those introverted(内向的) people can make up for _____ they lack in social skills with sincerity.
A. which B. what C. if D. that
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：内向的人可以用真诚弥补他们在社交技能上的不足，这是有道理的。本句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指“社交技能上的不足”应用what引导。故选B。
9. The question came up at the meeting ____ we have enough money for our research.
A. whether B. that C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：我们是否有足够的钱进行研究的问题在会议上被提出来了。分析句子结构可知，此处是同位语从句，用来补充说明“the question”，再结合句意“我们是否有足够的钱进行研究”，可知whether符合语境。故选A项。
10. He started to write his essay, safe in the knowledge ________ he wouldn’t be disturbed for a whole day.
A. whether B. what C. that D. when
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意：他开始写论文，因为他知道他一整天都不会被打扰。分析句子可知，that引导同位语从句，解释“knowledge”的内容。故选C。
11. That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is ________ many office workers spend their weekends.
A. what B. how C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。结合句意可知此处是where引导的表语从句，故选C。
12. Never turn down a job because you think it’s too small. You don’t know _____ it can lead.
A. how B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查名词性从句。句意为：不要因为觉得工作太小就拒绝它，你不知道它能引向何方。“know”后面接了宾语从句，“lead”是不及物动词，后面不缺成分，故用副词引导从句，根据句意，选B。
13. I am impressed with China’s commitment to its climate goals, evidenced by the fact we are sure of ______ China has met its 2020 targets three years ahead of schedule.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：中国对气候目标的承诺令我印象深刻，事实证明了这一点，中国提前三年完成了2020年的目标。此处为同位语从句，从句成分完整，所以用“that”解释说明“the fact”的内容，只起连接作用，无实义，故A项正确。
14. It was the belief ________ he could find his “root” in Africa _________ made Alex Haley decide to go to Gambia.
A. that; where B. where; that C. that; that D. how; which
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连词辨析。根据句子结构及成分可知，本句主干是强调句型：It is +被强调部分+that +其它部分；第一空处引导“belief”的同位语从句，从句成分齐全，应使用只起连接作用的代词that引导；第二空处则应是强调句中的that。句意：是Alex Haley能在非洲找到他的根的想法使他决定去赞比亚。故C选项正确。
15. Stephen Hawking's crowning achievement was his prediction in the 1970s ________ black holes can emit energy, despite the classical view that nothing can escape their gravity.
A. when B. what C. how D. that
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查同位语从句。句意：Stephen Hawking最大的成就是在20世纪70年代预测宇宙黑洞能够发出能量，而传统观点认为任何事物都无法逃避重力。句中“that”引导同位语从句解释名词“prediction”的内容，that在句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词。故D项正确。
一、语法填空
【2019·浙江高三第三次模拟】What does a beautiful person look like? Well, it depends on whom you ask and 1． they are from.
Much like the way people with straight hair want 2． (curl) hair or those with pale skin lie in the sun trying to get a suntan(晒黑), people often find themselves more attractive when 3． (visit) another country.
Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora. It asked, “Have you ever been considered more attractive in a country 4． than your own?”
Many replies made 5． clear just how much more attractive they were considered in other country, and why.
Lolyta from Indonesia wrote, “In my home country, I am not considered beautiful, 6． when I went to Europe I got a lot of attention.” Pooja Gautam from Nepal shared a similar experience. Women with lighter skin always got more attention than she 7． in her country. But in Poland, she has gotten 8． (usual) high levels of attention from locals. “Tanning salons(晒黑沙龙) are a big thing in Polish cities,” she wrote. “Some Polish people find it hard to believe 9． I tell them that many Nepalese people carry 10． (umbrella) on hot, sunny days to stop their skin from turning darker.”
【答案】
1．where
2．curly
3．visiting
4．other
5．it
6．but
7．did
8．unusually
9．when
10．umbrellas
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。最近，美国问答网站Quora上的一篇文章问道:“你在其他国家比你在自己的国家会更有吸引力吗?”很多人的回答都很明确，他们在其他国家的吸引力有多大，以及为什么。
1．考查宾语从句连接词。句意：嗯，这取决于你问谁，他们来自哪里。本句为宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。
2．考查形容词。句意：就像直发的人想要卷发，或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样。“hair”为名词，要用形容词修饰，故用curly。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：就像直发的人想要卷发，或者皮肤苍白的人躺在阳光下想要晒黑一样，人们在到另一个国家旅游时，往往会发现自己更有吸引力。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故“visit”做非谓语动词。与逻辑主语“people”之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词visiting。
4．考查固定短语。句意：它问道:“你在其他国家比在你自己的国家会更有吸引力吗?”固定词组other than“不同于”。故填other。
5．考查形式宾语。句意：许多回复都明确表示，他们在其他国家被认为更具吸引力。短语make it clear“讲清楚”，make后跟it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句。故填it。
6．考查连词。句意：在我的祖国，我不被认为是美丽的，但当我去欧洲时，我得到了很多关注。根据语境可知，前后是转折关系，故用but。
7．考查动词的省略。句意：在她的国家，肤色较浅的女性总是比她更受关注。为了避免重复“got more attention”，用助动词do代替。且根据上文“got”可知应用一般过去时，故填did。
8．考查副词。句意：但在波兰，她得到了当地人异乎寻常的高度关注。由前面的“but”可知前后两句是转折关系，又要修饰形容词故用副词形式unusually。
9．考查状语从句连接词。句意：当我告诉他们许多尼泊尔人为了防止皮肤被晒黑而在晴朗的大热天撑伞时，一些波兰人觉得难以相信。本句为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”，故填when。
10．考查名词的数。umbrella为名词，前面没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式umbrellas。
二、短文改错
【2019·甘肃张掖市第二中学高三月考】As is often the case, when people are attending to meetings, having meals or waiting for buses, you can always find them addicting to their phones, completely ignoring others.
This is really a common phenomena in our life. The reason is why smart phones nowadays can be used for people to play mobile games and kept in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat. Therefore, too much exposure to phones are bad for people in terms of health. Moreover, people involved in phones fail to communicate well with these around them.
As far as I am concerned, people should wisely make use of their phones to help their work and study. Meanwhile, care much about their family and friends rather than mobile phones.
【答案】
1. 去掉to
2. addicting→addicted
3. phenomena→phenomenon
4. why→that
5. kept→keep
6. Therefore →However
7. are→is
8. these→those
9. 在help和their work之间加with
10. much→more
【解题思路】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章描述了现在人们整天沉迷于玩手机而忽视了别人的现象，呼吁人们明智使用手机，多关心家人和朋友。
1.考查及物动词。此处指人们参加会议，句中attend是及物动词直接加宾语。故去掉to。
2.考查固定短语。你总是会发现他们痴迷于手机。be addicted to对…上瘾。故addicting改为addicted。
3.考查名词单复数。这在我们的生活中是一个很普遍的现象。phenomena为复数，此处表示“一个现象”用单数。故phenomena改为phenomenon。
4.考查表语从句。这是因为智能手机可以被用来玩游戏等，本题考查固定句型：the reason is that…原因是，that引导表语从句，故why改为that。
5.考查动词。此处为and连接两个并列的动词不定式。与“and”前的“play”并列，故kept改为keep。
6.考查连接副词。句意：然而过多使用手机对孩子的健康有害。上文讲述手机的优点，下文是缺点，前后转折，故Therefore 改为However。
7.考查主谓一致。“too much exposure to phones”是主语，谓语动词与之一致用单数。故are改为is。
8.考查代词。此处应用those代替周边的那些人。故these改为those 。
9.考查介词。句意：人们应该使用手机来帮助其工作和学习。help with sth．帮助做某事。故在help和their work之间加with。
10.考查副词比较级。句意：与此同时，多多关注他们的家人和朋友，而不是手机。此处含有比较的意思，故much改为more。
