从句中的连词用法比较复杂。同一个连词可以表达不同的意思,同一个意思可以用不同的连词进行表达,因此在学习连词时应注意以下几点:熟练掌握每一个连词的不同意义和用法;掌握同一意义可以运用不同的连词;同一意义可以运用不同的句式表达等等。高考中对于连词的考查主要表现在对于并列连词和从属连词的用法和辨析方面。这是考试的重点和难点所在。
状语从句一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。2020年高考仍然是主要考查在具体的语境中 连词的正确使用。
高考命题主要考查连词的判断选用,以及主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用;考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力,与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查。近年高考的发展趋向:从属连词在具体语境中的运用,及从属连词词义的延伸,与此同时设问角度越来越多样化。
考点1 状语从句的时态
高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如:
①He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book.
他说他写完这本书后会去日本度假。
②Even if it snows tomorrow, the performance won’t be called off.
即使明天下雪,演出也不会取消。
【典例】
It was nearly an hour the sleeping pill effect.
A. when; took B. before; took
C. since; takes D. before; would take
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句和时态。句意: 过了几乎一个小时那片安眠药才起作用。此处before引导一个时间状语从句, 句型为: It was some time before. . . did. . . 表示“过了多久才……”。
考点2 状语从句的结构
高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句,如no matter+疑问词;whatever,however,as引导的让步状语从句;“the+比较级…,the+比较级”中的比较状语从句等。如:
①The harder you work, the better your studies will be.
你学习越努力,功课就越好。
②No matter what serious difficulties he met with,he could always overcome them.
不管碰到多么可怕的困难,他总能克服。
【典例】
I will think about how Stephen Hawking managed to live a normal life and made great achievements _______my life feels unbearable.
A. whenever B. however
C. whichever D. wherever
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。句意:每当我觉得生活无法忍受的时候,我会想一想斯蒂芬·霍金是如何过上正常的生活并取得巨大成就的。whenever无论什么时候;however无论如何;whichever无论哪一个;wherever无论在哪里。分析句子可知,本句为whenever引导的时间状语从句。故A选项正确。
考点3 状语从句的省略
在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”,也可以省略it is。如:
①Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版,这本词典会非常畅销。(Once后省去了it is)
②Do not leave the building until instructed to do so.接到指示后才可离开这幢房子。(until后省去了you are)
【典例】
The mother told the little child not to speak to a stranger even if ______________.
A. speaking B. spoken
C. spoken to D. he spoken to
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:妈妈告诉男孩即使陌生人主动和他说话也不要回答。在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主从句主语一致,且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句中的主语和be,本句中相当于省略了he was,完整部分应该是even if he was spoken to,故C项正确。
考点4 从属连词的选择和辨析
高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词,如引导时间状语从句的immediately, the moment, every time, once;引导条件状语从句的as long as;引导原因状语从句的now that, since;引导让步状语从句的even if, even though;引导目的状语从句的in case, in order that等。如:
①We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized him the moment I saw him.
我们已经有20年没有见面了,可是我一见到他就认出他来了。(时间状语从句)
②We should bring a knife in case that there are any dangerous animals there.
我们应当带把刀,以防那儿有什么危险动物。(目的状语从句)
【典例】
—Dad, I’d like to take a gap year to China.
—Good idea, ________ you can afford the time.
A. provided that B. in case C. even if D. so that
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:——爸爸,我想去中国度过一个空档年。——好主意,假如你有时间的话。A. provided that假如;B. in case万一;C. even if尽管;D. so that因此。根据句意可知,此处使用provided that引导条件状语从句。故选A。
考点5 where引导地点状语从句
要注意where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如:
①The flower grows best where it often rains.
这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)
②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.
这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)
【典例】
I’m sure I put the key back ________ it had been, but I can’t find it anywhere.
A. where B. what
C. when D. wherever
【答案】A
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:我肯定我把钥匙放回原处了,但我哪儿也没找到(钥匙)。分析句子结构可知,“_______ it had been”在此处作地点状语,用where引导,故选A。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·江苏】The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ they need medical assistance.
A.if only B.as if C.even though D.in case
2.【2018?北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
3.【2018?江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A.?Once?????????????????????????????? B.?Unless???????????????????????????????? C.?If?????????????????????????????????? D.?When
4.【2018?天津】Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A.?ever since??????????????????????? B.?as if??????????????????????????? C.?even though????????????????????? D.?so that
5.【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研考试】After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a “developed economy”.
A. until B. before
C. after D. unless
6.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
7.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
8.【2017·北京】—Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A. but B. or C. for D. so
一、单项选择
1.【2020·天津静海一中高三期末】—I am going to Hainan for my holiday.
—OK. Have fun ________ you can. The hard times are approaching.
A.until B.before C.unless D.while
2.【2020·天津市和平区教育局高三期末】With the Entrance Exam approaching, I feel more and more stressed. It will ruin my college dream I take action now as soon as possible.
A.since B.once C.until D.unless
3.【2019·江苏高三月考】Life doesn’t count for much _________ you’re willing to do your small part to leave our children a better world.
A.unless B.when
C.though D.if
4.【2019·江苏海安高级中学高三期中】_____ interest in studying abroad is rising, more Chinese students who study abroad are also returning home upon completing their degrees.
A.Once B.Since C.While D.Until
5.【2019·江苏扬州高三期中调研】There is no goal that you cannot obtain ________ you have an honest attitude and a strong will.
A.even if B.so that C.except that D.as long as
6.【2019·江苏镇江高三期中】We can choose to be happy if we want, ______ we can look at everything in a positive way.
A.for fear that B.as long as C.in case D.even if
7.【2019·天津市四合庄中学高三月考】There was snow everywhere ______ the shapes of things were difficult to identify.
A.so that B.now that
C.for fear that D.on condition that
8.【2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考】The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________ the season.
A.whatever B.whether C.whenever D.however
9.【2019·黑龙江鹤岗一中高三月考】I’ll lend you the money only on ______ you can pay ______on time.
A.condition that; it back B.condition that; for it
C.conditions that; for it D.conditions that; it back
10. 【2019·江苏南京市高三零模】—Will you go to the picnic tomorrow?
—Not ______ my dear dog is allowed to accompany me.
A.if B.until C.unless D.when
11.【2019·江苏省七市高三第二次调研】Why are some brands more popular than others _________ the products are of similar quality?
A.as though B.even if C.so that D.in case
12.【2019·黑龙江铁人中学高三开学考试】________ these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.
A.Only if B.Now that C.Even though D.If only
13. 【2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考】__________ you form a bad habit, it’s very difficult to get rid of it.
A.Once B.As C.While D.Where
14.【2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中高三开学考试】________ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A.However B.Whatever
C.No matter D.Although
15.【2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中高三开学考试】While watching TV, _________.
A.someone came in B.the telephone rang
C.we saw someone coming in D.someone appearing
16.【2019·天津耀华中学第二次高考模拟】Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,or ____________ it is convenient to you.
A.wherever B.however
C.whichever D.whenever
一、语法填空
【2019·北京四中高三3月月考】The giant panda 33. (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 34. (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 35. (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 36. (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 37. (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 38. it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 39. more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 40. (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 41. (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 42. it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
二、短文改错
【2019·广东高三10月月考】Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency. All the way we enjoyed
the beautiful sceneries and fresh air. And a few of us picked flowers while go sightseeing. Some even tried to catch the
birds they saw. What was worst, many tourists threw rubbish here and there, that may do great harm to wildlife there.
I don’t think this is a true eco-travel. A true eco-travel is a tour that not only allows us to express our love nature,
but develop our responsibility as well. As we enjoy the beauty of the nature, we should spare no effort to protect them.
And we should also try to protect wildlife. A true eco-travel should be like this: take nothing away but your
wonderfully memory; leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.
答案和解析
一、单项选择
1.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句的连词。句意:医生给了病人他的手机号码,以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是……就好了;B. as if好像,仿佛;C. even though即使,尽管;D. in case以备,以防,免得。故选D符合语境。
2.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上的许多动植物会消失。although虽然;while虽然,然而;if如果;until直到。根据句意可知此处表示假设,所以用if引导条件状语从句,故答案为C。
3.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果你睡眠不好,一两晚之后你将失去集中注意力、做出计划以及保持活力的能力。once一旦;unless如果不,除非;if如果;when当……时。根据前后句之间的逻辑关系,所以答案为B。
4.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查目的状语从句。句意:我们这个周末再去摘这些桃子,这样的话,它们吃起来就很甜了。A. ever since“自那时起”;B. as if“好像”;C. even though“尽管”;D. so that“以便”。从句为目的状语从句,故用so that引导。选D。
5.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。句意:经过40年的改革开放,中国在成为“发达经济体”之前还有很长的路要走。A. until直到...为止;B. before在...之前;C. after在...之后;D. unless除非。故选B。
6.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。A. because因为;B. though尽管;C. until直到;D. since自从。如果你无法理解某个东西,你可能会去研究,学习和他人探讨直到你弄明白为止,根据句意可知选用until,故选C。
7.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。A. Once一旦;B. If如果;C. Although尽管;D. Because因为。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系,故选C。
8.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连词。A. but但是;B. or或者;C. for因为;D. so因此。句意:Peter,请给我们寄明信片,因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过,根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系,故用so,选D。
一、单项选择
1. 【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连接词。句意:——我要去海南度假。——好啊。当你还能玩得开心的时候,尽情享受吧。艰难的时刻即将来临。A. until直到;B. before在……之前;C. unless除非;D. while在……时候。此处为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,故选D。
2.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意:随着入学考试的临近,我感到压力越来越大。 除非我现在尽快采取行动,否则我的大学梦将化为泡影。A. since自从;B. once一旦;C. until直到;D. unless如果不,除非。结合句意,D项符合题意。故选D项。
3.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句。A. unless除非,如果……不……;B. when当……时;C. though尽管;D. if如果。句意:如果你不愿意付出你的努力给孩子们留下一个更加美好的世界,生活就没有意义。根据句意可知本句应该使用连词unless引导条件状语从句。故A项正确。
4.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连接词辨析。句意:虽然出国留学的兴趣正在上升,但更多的中国留学生在完成学业后也会回国。A. Once一旦;B. Since因为;C. While虽然,当……时候;D. Until直到。本句引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”,故选C。
5.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句。句意:只要你有诚实的态度和强大的意志,就没有你无法达到的目标。A. even if即使……也;B. so that因此,为了;C. except that除了……之外;D. as long as只要。even if引导让步状语从句;so that引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句;except that整个介宾短语充当让步状语,与句意不符,故选D。
6.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查连词词义辨析。句意:只要我们用乐观的态度看待一切,如果我们想,我们就可以选择让自己快乐。A. for fear that生怕,唯恐;B. as long as只要;C. in case以防;D. even if即使。分析句子可知,此处应填连词,再结合句意可知,用“只要”符合语境。故选B项。
7.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句的连词。句意:到处都是雪,所以东西的形状很难辨认。A. so that因此;B. now that 既然;C. for fear that生怕,唯恐;D. on condition that如果...;在...条件下,若…则。分析可知,“到处都是雪”和“东西的形状很难辨认”之间是因果关系,因为下雪所以东西的形状难以辨认,用结果状语从句的连词,选A项。
8.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论什么季节,律师除了穿西装外很少穿别的。分析句子结构可知,空后的句子是一个省略句,“the season”后省略了“is”,再根据句意可知,whatever引导让步状语从句,并在句中做“is”的表语,其他三项虽然也能用来引导让步状语从句,但与题意不符,故选A。
9.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查固定短语。句意:只要你能按时还钱,我就把钱借给你。固定短语on condition that引导条件状语从句。pay back“偿还”;pay for“付钱买”。故选A。
10.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。——你明天去野餐吗?——如果我的狗不允许陪伴着我的话,我是不会去的。原句应该表达为“I will not go to the picnic tomorrow if my dog cannot accompany me.”此处If not相当于unless“除非”, 只不过这里主句简化成了not,故选C。
11.【答案】B
【解题思路】考查让步状语从句。句意:为什么即使产品很相似,一些品牌却比其他的更流行呢?A. as though好像;B. even if 即使,虽然;C. so that因此;D. in case 以防,万一。故B选项正确。
12.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句。句意:只有满足这些条件,申请才会进入到下一阶段。根据句意和分析句子结构可知,此处用A. Only if"只要,只有"引导条件状语从句,从句用陈述语气,主句需部分倒装;B. Now that"既然"用于引导原因状语从句;C. Even though"即使"用于引导让步状语从句;D. If only"要是……就好了"用于引导条件状语从句。根据句意以及下文“can the application proceed to the next stage”主句为部分倒装可知本句为条件状语从句,故选A。
13.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查连接词。句意:一旦你养成了一个坏习惯,就很难改掉。A. Once一……就……;B. As当……时候,因为;C. While当……时候;D. Where哪里。根据句意可知本句为时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”。故选A。
14.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你做了多么好的准备,在登山的时候你还是需要很多的运气。横线后面有形容词短语“well prepared”,说明只能使用however对其进行修饰。Whatever后面接名词,no matter后面接特殊疑问词。Although引导让步状语从句,后边接陈述句语序。故选A。
15.【答案】C
【解题思路】考查动词时态。句意:在看电视的时候,我们看见有人进来了。while引导时间状语从句,后面是主句,且从句和主句主语一致都是“we”,且根据句意应用一般过去时,故选C。
16.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句。A. wherever无论何地; B. however无论如何;C. whichever无论哪一个;D. whenever任何时候。有前面的“this afternoon”可知,此处whenever引导状语从句,故选D。
一、语法填空
【答案】
33.is loved
34.recently
35.caring/careful
36.to eat
37.enemies
38.When/If
39.for
40.its
41.drove
42.and
【解题思路】文章是记叙文。主要讲述了中国科学家对大熊猫的观察和研究。
33.考查被动语态。句意:大熊猫深受全世界人民的喜爱。“panda”与“love”之间处于被动关系。根据题意和介词by,故填is loved。
34.考查副词。句意:中国科学家最近有机会研究一只野生雌性熊猫和一个刚出生的小熊猫。副词作状语。根据题意,故填recently。
35.考查形容词。句意:她是个非常细心的母亲。修饰名词“mother”且由副词“very”修饰用形容词。根据题意,故填caring/careful。
36.考查动词不定式。句意:25天来,她从未离开过她的孩子,甚至不去找吃的!动词不定式作定语修饰something。根据题意,故填to eat。
37.考查名词复数。句意:任何气味都会吸引那些试图去抓小熊猫的天敌。天敌不止一个,故应使用名词复数。根据题意,故填enemies。
38.考查状语从句。句意:当/如果小熊猫哭时,她就会来回摇晃着,轻轻拍小熊猫。when引导时间状语,或由if引导条件状语从句。根据题意,故填When/If。
39.考查介词。句意:这位母亲继续照顾这只小熊猫两年多。for+时间段(表示一段时间)。根据题意,故填for。
40.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:到那时,熊猫不再需要它的妈妈找来吃的。根据句意,修饰名词“mother”用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
41.考查动词时态。句意:两年半后,母亲会把小熊猫赶走。文章使用一般过去时描述事情,根据题意,故填drove。
42.考查连词。句意:现在是她生新孩子的时候了,也是小熊猫独立的时候了。前后为并列句,根据题意,故填and。
二、短文改错
【答案】
第一处:sceneries→scenery
第二处:And→But
第三处:go→going
第四处:worst→worse
第五处:that→which
第六处:love后加for
第七处:develop→develops
第八处:去掉the
第九处:them→it
第十处:wonderfully→wonderful
【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了上周末作者和一家旅行社去“生态旅游”的所见所闻及感想。
第一处:考查名词。句意:一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色、呼吸着新鲜的空气。scenery表示“风景”时是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故sceneries改为scenery。
第二处:考查连词。句意:但我们中的一些人在赏景时采花。前后是转折而非并列关系,故And改为But。
第三处:考查状语从句的省略。句意同上,在while引导的时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时可省略从句的主语和be,完整部分应该是while we were going sightseeing,本句相当于省略了we were,故go改为going。
第四处:考查形容词比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,许多游客到处乱扔垃圾,这可能对那里的野生动物造成极大的危害。此处是与前面提到的那种情况的比较,表示“更糟糕的是”,故worst改为worse。
第五处:考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上,此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限定性定语从句,应该用which,故that改为which。
第六处:考查介词。句意:一个真正的生态旅游不仅能让我们表达我们对大自然的热爱,而且还能培养我们对大自然的责任。express one’s love for sb./sth.表示“表达对某人/物的爱”,故在love后加for。
第七处:考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上,not only…but (also)…连接两个动词并列在定语从句中作谓语,“that”指代先行词“a tour”在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故develop改为develops。
第八处:考查定冠词。句意:当我们欣赏自然之美时,我们应该不遗余力地保护它。nature表示“自然”时前面不用定冠词修饰,故去掉the。
第九处:考查代词。句意同上,此处指代前面的“nature”,应该用单数,故them改为it。
第十处:考查形容词。句意:真正的生态旅游应该是这样的:除了美好的记忆,什么都不要带走;除了绿水青山,什么都不要留下。修饰名词“memory”用形容词,故wonderfully改为wonderful。
从句中的连词用法比较复杂。同一个连词可以表达不同的意思,同一个意思可以用不同的连词进行表达,因此在学习连词时应注意以下几点:熟练掌握每一个连词的不同意义和用法;掌握同一意义可以运用不同的连词;同一意义可以运用不同的句式表达等等。高考中对于连词的考查主要表现在对于并列连词和从属连词的用法和辨析方面。这是考试的重点和难点所在。
状语从句一般可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句。2020年高考仍然是主要考查在具体的语境中 连词的正确使用。
高考命题主要考查连词的判断选用,以及主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用;考查考生对不同类型从句的辨别能力,与其他从句、句型结合起来一起考查。近年高考的发展趋向:从属连词在具体语境中的运用,及从属连词词义的延伸,与此同时设问角度越来越多样化。
考点1 状语从句的时态
高考主要考查时间、条件、让步状语从句用一般现在时表将来及一般过去时代替过去将来时的用法。如:
①He said he would go to Japan for holiday when he finished writing the book.
他说他写完这本书后会去日本度假。
②Even if it snows tomorrow, the performance won’t be called off.
即使明天下雪,演出也不会取消。
【典例】
It was nearly an hour the sleeping pill effect.
A. when; took B. before; took
C. since; takes D. before; would take
【答案】B
【解析】考查状语从句和时态。句意: 过了几乎一个小时那片安眠药才起作用。此处before引导一个时间状语从句, 句型为: It was some time before. . . did. . . 表示“过了多久才……”。
考点2 状语从句的结构
高考主要考查结构较为复杂、特殊的状语从句,如no matter+疑问词;whatever,however,as引导的让步状语从句;“the+比较级…,the+比较级”中的比较状语从句等。如:
①The harder you work, the better your studies will be.
你学习越努力,功课就越好。
②No matter what serious difficulties he met with,he could always overcome them.
不管碰到多么可怕的困难,他总能克服。
【典例】
I will think about how Stephen Hawking managed to live a normal life and made great achievements _______my life feels unbearable.
A. whenever B. however
C. whichever D. wherever
【答案】A
【解析】考查连词。句意:每当我觉得生活无法忍受的时候,我会想一想斯蒂芬·霍金是如何过上正常的生活并取得巨大成就的。whenever无论什么时候;however无论如何;whichever无论哪一个;wherever无论在哪里。分析句子可知,本句为whenever引导的时间状语从句。故A选项正确。
考点3 状语从句的省略
在时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中,常常省略相同的主语或作主语的代词it以及be动词,保留现在分词、过去分词、介词短语、不定式成分。如果从句中有“it is+形容词”,也可以省略it is。如:
①Once printed, this dictionary will be very popular.一旦出版,这本词典会非常畅销。(Once后省去了it is)
②Do not leave the building until instructed to do so.接到指示后才可离开这幢房子。(until后省去了you are)
【典例】
The mother told the little child not to speak to a stranger even if ______________.
A. speaking B. spoken
C. spoken to D. he spoken to
【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句的省略。句意:妈妈告诉男孩即使陌生人主动和他说话也不要回答。在if引导的条件状语从句中,如果主从句主语一致,且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句中的主语和be,本句中相当于省略了he was,完整部分应该是even if he was spoken to,故C项正确。
考点4 从属连词的选择和辨析
高考重点考查引导状语从句的从属连词,如引导时间状语从句的immediately, the moment, every time, once;引导条件状语从句的as long as;引导原因状语从句的now that, since;引导让步状语从句的even if, even though;引导目的状语从句的in case, in order that等。如:
①We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized him the moment I saw him.
我们已经有20年没有见面了,可是我一见到他就认出他来了。(时间状语从句)
②We should bring a knife in case that there are any dangerous animals there.
我们应当带把刀,以防那儿有什么危险动物。(目的状语从句)
【典例】
—Dad, I’d like to take a gap year to China.
—Good idea, ________ you can afford the time.
A. provided that B. in case C. even if D. so that
【答案】A
【解析】考查状语从句。句意:——爸爸,我想去中国度过一个空档年。——好主意,假如你有时间的话。A. provided that假如;B. in case万一;C. even if尽管;D. so that因此。根据句意可知,此处使用provided that引导条件状语从句。故选A。
考点5 where引导地点状语从句
要注意where引导的地点状语从句和where引导的定语从句、表语从句以及宾语从句的区别。如:
①The flower grows best where it often rains.
这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(地点状语从句)
②The flower grows best in the place where it often rains.
这种花在经常下雨的地方长得最好。(定语从句)
【典例】
I’m sure I put the key back ________ it had been, but I can’t find it anywhere.
A. where B. what
C. when D. wherever
【答案】A
【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意:我肯定我把钥匙放回原处了,但我哪儿也没找到(钥匙)。分析句子结构可知,“_______ it had been”在此处作地点状语,用where引导,故选A。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·江苏】The doctor shares his phone number with the patients ________ they need medical assistance.
A.if only B.as if C.even though D.in case
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句的连词。句意:医生给了病人他的手机号码,以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是……就好了;B. as if好像,仿佛;C. even though即使,尽管;D. in case以备,以防,免得。故选D符合语境。
2.【2018?北京】_________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
A. Although B. While C. If D. Until
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上的许多动植物会消失。although虽然;while虽然,然而;if如果;until直到。根据句意可知此处表示假设,所以用if引导条件状语从句,故答案为C。
3.【2018?江苏】_______ you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
A.?Once?????????????????????????????? B.?Unless???????????????????????????????? C.?If?????????????????????????????????? D.?When
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果你睡眠不好,一两晚之后你将失去集中注意力、做出计划以及保持活力的能力。once一旦;unless如果不,除非;if如果;when当……时。根据前后句之间的逻辑关系,所以答案为B。
4.【2018?天津】Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A.?ever since??????????????????????? B.?as if??????????????????????????? C.?even though????????????????????? D.?so that
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查目的状语从句。句意:我们这个周末再去摘这些桃子,这样的话,它们吃起来就很甜了。A. ever since“自那时起”;B. as if“好像”;C. even though“尽管”;D. so that“以便”。从句为目的状语从句,故用so that引导。选D。
5.【南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研考试】After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a “developed economy”.
A. until B. before
C. after D. unless
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。句意:经过40年的改革开放,中国在成为“发达经济体”之前还有很长的路要走。A. until直到...为止;B. before在...之前;C. after在...之后;D. unless除非。故选B。
6.【2017·北京】If you don’t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _______ you figure it out.
A. because B. though C. until D. since
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。A. because因为;B. though尽管;C. until直到;D. since自从。如果你无法理解某个东西,你可能会去研究,学习和他人探讨直到你弄明白为止,根据句意可知选用until,故选C。
7.【2017·北京】______ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
A. Once B. If C. Although D. Because
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查状语从句连词。A. Once一旦;B. If如果;C. Although尽管;D. Because因为。句意:尽管鸟儿们用羽毛来飞翔,但是它们的一些羽毛还有其他用途。根据语境可知前后之间是让步关系,故选C。
8.【2017·北京】—Peter, please send us postcards ______ we’ll know where you have visited.
—No problem.
A. but B. or C. for D. so
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连词。A. but但是;B. or或者;C. for因为;D. so因此。句意:Peter,请给我们寄明信片,因此我们就会知道你们去哪游览过,根据语境可知前后句之间是因果关系,故用so,选D。
一、单项选择
1.【2020·天津静海一中高三期末】—I am going to Hainan for my holiday.
—OK. Have fun ________ you can. The hard times are approaching.
A.until B.before C.unless D.while
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查连接词。句意:——我要去海南度假。——好啊。当你还能玩得开心的时候,尽情享受吧。艰难的时刻即将来临。A. until直到;B. before在……之前;C. unless除非;D. while在……时候。此处为时间状语从句,表示“当……时候”,故选D。
2.【2020·天津市和平区教育局高三期末】With the Entrance Exam approaching, I feel more and more stressed. It will ruin my college dream I take action now as soon as possible.
A.since B.once C.until D.unless
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。句意:随着入学考试的临近,我感到压力越来越大。 除非我现在尽快采取行动,否则我的大学梦将化为泡影。A. since自从;B. once一旦;C. until直到;D. unless如果不,除非。结合句意,D项符合题意。故选D项。
3.【2019·江苏高三月考】Life doesn’t count for much _________ you’re willing to do your small part to leave our children a better world.
A.unless B.when
C.though D.if
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句。A. unless除非,如果……不……;B. when当……时;C. though尽管;D. if如果。句意:如果你不愿意付出你的努力给孩子们留下一个更加美好的世界,生活就没有意义。根据句意可知本句应该使用连词unless引导条件状语从句。故A项正确。
4.【2019·江苏海安高级中学高三期中】_____ interest in studying abroad is rising, more Chinese students who study abroad are also returning home upon completing their degrees.
A.Once B.Since C.While D.Until
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查连接词辨析。句意:虽然出国留学的兴趣正在上升,但更多的中国留学生在完成学业后也会回国。A. Once一旦;B. Since因为;C. While虽然,当……时候;D. Until直到。本句引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”,故选C。
5.【2019·江苏扬州高三期中调研】There is no goal that you cannot obtain ________ you have an honest attitude and a strong will.
A.even if B.so that C.except that D.as long as
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句。句意:只要你有诚实的态度和强大的意志,就没有你无法达到的目标。A. even if即使……也;B. so that因此,为了;C. except that除了……之外;D. as long as只要。even if引导让步状语从句;so that引导结果状语从句或目的状语从句;except that整个介宾短语充当让步状语,与句意不符,故选D。
6.【2019·江苏镇江高三期中】We can choose to be happy if we want, ______ we can look at everything in a positive way.
A.for fear that B.as long as C.in case D.even if
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查连词词义辨析。句意:只要我们用乐观的态度看待一切,如果我们想,我们就可以选择让自己快乐。A. for fear that生怕,唯恐;B. as long as只要;C. in case以防;D. even if即使。分析句子可知,此处应填连词,再结合句意可知,用“只要”符合语境。故选B项。
7.【2019·天津市四合庄中学高三月考】There was snow everywhere ______ the shapes of things were difficult to identify.
A.so that B.now that
C.for fear that D.on condition that
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句的连词。句意:到处都是雪,所以东西的形状很难辨认。A. so that因此;B. now that 既然;C. for fear that生怕,唯恐;D. on condition that如果...;在...条件下,若…则。分析可知,“到处都是雪”和“东西的形状很难辨认”之间是因果关系,因为下雪所以东西的形状难以辨认,用结果状语从句的连词,选A项。
8.【2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考】The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ________ the season.
A.whatever B.whether C.whenever D.however
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论什么季节,律师除了穿西装外很少穿别的。分析句子结构可知,空后的句子是一个省略句,“the season”后省略了“is”,再根据句意可知,whatever引导让步状语从句,并在句中做“is”的表语,其他三项虽然也能用来引导让步状语从句,但与题意不符,故选A。
9.【2019·黑龙江鹤岗一中高三月考】I’ll lend you the money only on ______ you can pay ______on time.
A.condition that; it back B.condition that; for it
C.conditions that; for it D.conditions that; it back
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查固定短语。句意:只要你能按时还钱,我就把钱借给你。固定短语on condition that引导条件状语从句。pay back“偿还”;pay for“付钱买”。故选A。
10. 【2019·江苏南京市高三零模】—Will you go to the picnic tomorrow?
—Not ______ my dear dog is allowed to accompany me.
A.if B.until C.unless D.when
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查条件状语从句。——你明天去野餐吗?——如果我的狗不允许陪伴着我的话,我是不会去的。原句应该表达为“I will not go to the picnic tomorrow if my dog cannot accompany me.”此处If not相当于unless“除非”, 只不过这里主句简化成了not,故选C。
11.【2019·江苏省七市高三第二次调研】Why are some brands more popular than others _________ the products are of similar quality?
A.as though B.even if C.so that D.in case
【答案】B
【解题思路】考查让步状语从句。句意:为什么即使产品很相似,一些品牌却比其他的更流行呢?A. as though好像;B. even if 即使,虽然;C. so that因此;D. in case 以防,万一。故B选项正确。
12.【2019·黑龙江铁人中学高三开学考试】________ these conditions are fulfilled can the application proceed to the next stage.
A.Only if B.Now that C.Even though D.If only
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查状语从句。句意:只有满足这些条件,申请才会进入到下一阶段。根据句意和分析句子结构可知,此处用A. Only if"只要,只有"引导条件状语从句,从句用陈述语气,主句需部分倒装;B. Now that"既然"用于引导原因状语从句;C. Even though"即使"用于引导让步状语从句;D. If only"要是……就好了"用于引导条件状语从句。根据句意以及下文“can the application proceed to the next stage”主句为部分倒装可知本句为条件状语从句,故选A。
13. 【2019·黑龙江哈尔滨市第六中学校高三月考】__________ you form a bad habit, it’s very difficult to get rid of it.
A.Once B.As C.While D.Where
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查连接词。句意:一旦你养成了一个坏习惯,就很难改掉。A. Once一……就……;B. As当……时候,因为;C. While当……时候;D. Where哪里。根据句意可知本句为时间状语从句,表示“一……就……”。故选A。
14.【2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中高三开学考试】________ well prepared you are, you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing.
A.However B.Whatever
C.No matter D.Although
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你做了多么好的准备,在登山的时候你还是需要很多的运气。横线后面有形容词短语“well prepared”,说明只能使用however对其进行修饰。Whatever后面接名词,no matter后面接特殊疑问词。Although引导让步状语从句,后边接陈述句语序。故选A。
15.【2019·黑龙江牡丹江一中高三开学考试】While watching TV, _________.
A.someone came in B.the telephone rang
C.we saw someone coming in D.someone appearing
【答案】C
【解题思路】考查动词时态。句意:在看电视的时候,我们看见有人进来了。while引导时间状语从句,后面是主句,且从句和主句主语一致都是“we”,且根据句意应用一般过去时,故选C。
16.【2019·天津耀华中学第二次高考模拟】Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon,or ____________ it is convenient to you.
A.wherever B.however
C.whichever D.whenever
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查状语从句。A. wherever无论何地; B. however无论如何;C. whichever无论哪一个;D. whenever任何时候。有前面的“this afternoon”可知,此处whenever引导状语从句,故选D。
一、语法填空
【2019·北京四中高三3月月考】The giant panda 33. (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 34. (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 35. (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 36. (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 37. (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 38. it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 39. more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 40. (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 41. (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 42. it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】
33.is loved
34.recently
35.caring/careful
36.to eat
37.enemies
38.When/If
39.for
40.its
41.drove
42.and
【解题思路】文章是记叙文。主要讲述了中国科学家对大熊猫的观察和研究。
33.考查被动语态。句意:大熊猫深受全世界人民的喜爱。“panda”与“love”之间处于被动关系。根据题意和介词by,故填is loved。
34.考查副词。句意:中国科学家最近有机会研究一只野生雌性熊猫和一个刚出生的小熊猫。副词作状语。根据题意,故填recently。
35.考查形容词。句意:她是个非常细心的母亲。修饰名词“mother”且由副词“very”修饰用形容词。根据题意,故填caring/careful。
36.考查动词不定式。句意:25天来,她从未离开过她的孩子,甚至不去找吃的!动词不定式作定语修饰something。根据题意,故填to eat。
37.考查名词复数。句意:任何气味都会吸引那些试图去抓小熊猫的天敌。天敌不止一个,故应使用名词复数。根据题意,故填enemies。
38.考查状语从句。句意:当/如果小熊猫哭时,她就会来回摇晃着,轻轻拍小熊猫。when引导时间状语,或由if引导条件状语从句。根据题意,故填When/If。
39.考查介词。句意:这位母亲继续照顾这只小熊猫两年多。for+时间段(表示一段时间)。根据题意,故填for。
40.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:到那时,熊猫不再需要它的妈妈找来吃的。根据句意,修饰名词“mother”用形容词性物主代词,故填its。
41.考查动词时态。句意:两年半后,母亲会把小熊猫赶走。文章使用一般过去时描述事情,根据题意,故填drove。
42.考查连词。句意:现在是她生新孩子的时候了,也是小熊猫独立的时候了。前后为并列句,根据题意,故填and。
二、短文改错
【2019·广东高三10月月考】Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency. All the way we enjoyed the beautiful sceneries and fresh air. And a few of us picked flowers while go sightseeing. Some even tried to catch the birds they saw. What was worst, many tourists threw rubbish here and there, that may do great harm to wildlife there.
I don’t think this is a true eco-travel. A true eco-travel is a tour that not only allows us to express our love nature, but develop our responsibility as well. As we enjoy the beauty of the nature, we should spare no effort to protect them. And we should also try to protect wildlife. A true eco-travel should be like this: take nothing away but your wonderfully memory; leave nothing behind but all the green trees and the clean water.
【答案】
第一处:sceneries→scenery
第二处:And→But
第三处:go→going
第四处:worst→worse
第五处:that→which
第六处:love后加for
第七处:develop→develops
第八处:去掉the
第九处:them→it
第十处:wonderfully→wonderful
【解题思路】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了上周末作者和一家旅行社去“生态旅游”的所见所闻及感想。
第一处:考查名词。句意:一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色、呼吸着新鲜的空气。scenery表示“风景”时是不可数名词,没有复数形式,故sceneries改为scenery。
第二处:考查连词。句意:但我们中的一些人在赏景时采花。前后是转折而非并列关系,故And改为But。
第三处:考查状语从句的省略。句意同上,在while引导的时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时可省略从句的主语和be,完整部分应该是while we were going sightseeing,本句相当于省略了we were,故go改为going。
第四处:考查形容词比较级。句意:更糟糕的是,许多游客到处乱扔垃圾,这可能对那里的野生动物造成极大的危害。此处是与前面提到的那种情况的比较,表示“更糟糕的是”,故worst改为worse。
第五处:考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上,此处为非限定性定语从句,关系词指代整个主句内容并在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限定性定语从句,应该用which,故that改为which。
第六处:考查介词。句意:一个真正的生态旅游不仅能让我们表达我们对大自然的热爱,而且还能培养我们对大自然的责任。express one’s love for sb./sth.表示“表达对某人/物的爱”,故在love后加for。
第七处:考查时态和主谓一致。句意同上,not only…but (also)…连接两个动词并列在定语从句中作谓语,“that”指代先行词“a tour”在定语从句中作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故develop改为develops。
第八处:考查定冠词。句意:当我们欣赏自然之美时,我们应该不遗余力地保护它。nature表示“自然”时前面不用定冠词修饰,故去掉the。
第九处:考查代词。句意同上,此处指代前面的“nature”,应该用单数,故them改为it。
第十处:考查形容词。句意:真正的生态旅游应该是这样的:除了美好的记忆,什么都不要带走;除了绿水青山,什么都不要留下。修饰名词“memory”用形容词,故wonderfully改为wonderful。