介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。
2020年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。
考点1 常见介词的活用
by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1. over可表位置，意为“在……上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在……（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：
①You can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—It’ll look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上
by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说
by far 到目前为止，最…… by chance 碰巧
by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助
by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。
②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4．beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。
②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
【典例】
Annie said she enjoyed the moment most that every morning she waked towards the classroom, she could see me standing outside the front door __________ a smile on my face.
【答案】with
【解题思路】考查介词用法。句子意思：安妮说她喜欢那一时刻，每天早上当她走进教室，她可以看到我站在前门，脸上带着微笑。with a smile on my face “脸上带着笑”，做状语。
考点2 介词的固定搭配
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着
2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：apart from除……以外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等
【典例】
Next time you are to come for dinner, don’t forget to inform me _________ advance so that I can make preparations.
【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词用法。句意：下次你来吃饭的时候，不要忘了提前告知我，以便我做好准备。in advance“提前”。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·天津】___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A. According to B. Instead of
C. In addition to D. In spite of
2.【2019·江苏】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
3.【2018·江苏】 China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of
二、语法填空
4.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
5.【2019·全国III】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs，seven to be exact.
6.【2019·浙江】The answer ______ this question is not clear.
7.【2019·北京】First celebrated ______ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
8.【2018·全国III】I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
9.【2018·浙江】If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
11.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
三、句子改错
13.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
14.【2018·全国I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.
15.【2018·全国II】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
16.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
17.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】They have also bought for some gardening tools.
18.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
一、语法填空
Lake Hillier is a saltwater lake on the edge of Middle Island, a large island off the south coast of Western Australia. It is pink in color, due 1 a plant that causes the salt 2 (produce) a red color. There’ s a long strip of land 3 separates the lake from the ocean. It was first written about in 1802, when Matthew Flinders hiked one of the island’s highest 4 (mountain). He named the lake after William Hillier, an 5 (explore) who had previously visited Middle Island. In 1889, Edward Andrews moved to the island with his two sons. They began to mine the lake for salt, and soon other miners came. However, the mining was 6 (eventual) stopped, as the salt wasn’ t fit to eat or use in other products because it was 7 ( poison). In 2002, the lake was recognized as 8 wetland, and in 2012, it became a 9 (protect) area. A walking trail 10 (build) around it for tourists to use. Even though the lake contains a lot of salt, it is still safe to swim in.
二、短文改错
I used to be very addicted to computer games that I had little time to study and thus fall behind. My parents were
extreme worried about me. It was what my English teacher said helped me out. She told me to have my own goal of life,
otherwise your future would be hopeless. She said computer games were fun and they would not guarantee for me a
bright future. Finally, I realized I must set up a goal and fight for them. At present, whenever I have an urge to playing
computer games, I would think of my goal and regain my strength to study immediately.
一、语法填空
In August, cases of a mysterious severe lung disease rocked the health society, 1 doctors looking for the cause of the illness. They found the link between vaping and lung disease. Now, there are 805 lung injury cases reported across 46 states in the United States. There had been twelve 2 (death) reported, and all cases reported a history of e-cigarette use.
E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young people in the United States. Besides increasing the 3 (possible) of addiction and long-term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use 4 (associate) with the use of other tobacco products that can do even 5 (great) damage to the body. Even breathing in e-cigarette smoke that someone else has breathed out 6 (carry) health risks.
It is important to prevent harm to youth and young adults from e-cigarettes. Everyone has 7 role, including parents, health care providers, teachers, and those 8 work with and care about young people. A visit to a health care professional is a great chance 9 (educate) your child on the potential risks of e-cigarette use. Ask your provider to discuss these health risks, including nicotine addiction and the impact of nicotine on the 10 (develop) brain, etc.
二、短文改错
It was in our school hall where our school held a variety show last week. Filling with enthusiasm, all the teachers
and students were attended the show, which proved lively and fantastic. The hall was beautiful decorated. There were
twenty shows at all, including singing, dancing and role play. The shows were such wonderful that we all enjoyed it
very much. All the performer were trying their best to show their talents to the audiences. As far as I am concerned, the
variety show is meaningful activity as it can help us to relax ourselves from our busy study and enriched our school life
at the same time.
答案和解析
一、单项选择
1.【答案】D
【解题思路】考查介词词组。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，有些运动员还是表现很好。according to根据……；instead of代替；in addition to另外，除……之外；in spite of 尽管，不管。故选D。
2.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。in effect实际上； in command指挥；in turn轮流，依次；in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【答案】A
【解题思路】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增与全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。in line with按照；与……一致；in reply to答复；in return for作为……的报答；in honour of为纪念，为庆祝。故选A。
二、语法填空
4.【答案】of/for
【解题思路】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
5.【答案】of
【解题思路】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
6.【答案】to
【解题思路】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
7.【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
8.【答案】for
【解题思路】考查介词，根据固定搭配search for，表示“寻找”，句意：我在寻找我研究的三只西部低地大猩猩，故答案填for。
9.【答案】for
【解题思路】考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner去某处吃饭，故答案为for。
10.【答案】as
【解题思路】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
11.【答案】from
【解题思路】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
12.【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
三、句子改错
13.【答案】在high school前加in/at
【解题思路】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。
14.【答案】删除for
【解题思路】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
15.【答案】for改为with
【解题思路】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。
16.【答案】on改为of
【解题思路】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of
the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
17.【答案】去掉for
【解题思路】考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。
18.【答案】删去第二个of
【解题思路】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. to 2. to produce 3. that/which 4. mountains 5. explorer
6. eventually 7. poisonous 8. a 9. protected 10. was built
【解题思路】本文为记叙文。希利尔湖是位于中岛边缘的一个咸水湖，是西澳大利亚南海岸的一个大岛。它是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐产生一种红色。湖面和海洋之间有一长条陆地。这个湖以探险家威廉希利尔的名字命名的。2002，该湖被认为是湿地，2012年成为了保护区。
1.考查固定搭配。句意：它是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐变成红色。due to为固定搭配，意为“由于，因为”。故填 to。
2.考查动词。 “cause sth. to do …”为固定搭配，意为“导致/使某事发生”。因此填to produce。
3.考查定语从句。句意：有一长条陆地把湖和海洋分开了。分析句子可知，本句是一个定语从句。其中先行词为land，在定语从句中作主语，指物，可以用that，也可以用which，故填that/which。
4.考查名词。句意：当时马修·弗林德斯徒步走上了岛上最高的山脉。分析句子可知，根据前面的one of the islands highest+名词复数。因此此处要填 mountains。
5.考查语境及名词。句意：他是一位探险家。分析句子可知，本空前有an，可知要用名词。根据句意可知，要填explorer。
6.考查副词。句意：采矿最终被停止了。分析句子可知，本空在句中作状语，修饰动词stopped，因此要填eventually。
7.考查形容词。句意：采矿工作最终还是停止了，因为盐有毒，不适合食用或用于其他产品。本空在句中作系动词was的表语，根据语境可知填poisonous。
8.考查冠词。句意：2002年，该湖被认定为（一块）湿地。分析句子可知，本空在句中表示量词“一”，因此填a。
9.考查过去分词作定语。句意：2012年，它成为一个保护区。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词area。名词area与动词protect二者是被动关系。即被保护的，要用过去分析词，故填protected。
10.考查谓语动词。句意：在它周围建了一条步行道供游客使用。根据前面 的时间状2012，可知用一般过去时。而主语A walking trail 与谓语动词build是被动关系。所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1.very→so
2. fall →fell
3. extreme →extremely
4.said后加that
5. your →my
6. and →but
7. guarantee后的for 去掉
8. them →it
9. playing →play
10. would →will
【解题思路】本文是记叙文。过去我常常沉迷于电脑游戏。老师的话鼓励了我，使我树立了目标并且为之努力。
1.考查固定结构。句意：我过去是如此沉迷于电脑游戏以致我很少把时间花在学习上。so …that意为：如此……以致。故very改为so。
2.考查时态。and是并列连词，连接并列的谓语 had little time 和 fall behind，根据had可知fall应用一般过去时,故fall改为fell。
3.考查副词。修饰形容词worried 用副词，故extreme改为extremely。
4.考查强调句型。句意：是我的英语老师所说的话帮助我摆脱了困境。what my English teacher said helped me out是完整的句子，what引导主语从句，根据前面的It was可分析是强调句型，结构为It was… that/ who…, 强调what my English teacher said，指事情，故said后加that。
5.考查代词。句意：她告诉我要有自己的生活目标，否则我的未来将会是毫无希望的。前半句是my own goal of life，故 your改为my。
6.考查连词。句意：她说电脑游戏很有趣，但是它们不能保证我有一个光明的未来。根据句意，前后应该是转折的关系，故and改but。
7.考查固定短语。短语guarantee sb. sth... 保证某人……；guarantee me a bright future意为：保证我有一个光明未来，故去掉guarantee 后的for。
8.考查代词。句意：我意识到我必须树立一个目标，并且为之努力。前面的a goal是单数, 用it 指代。故them 改为it。
9.考查固定短语。短语have an urge to do …. 有做……的欲望/冲动, to后接动词原形,故playing改为play。
10.考查时态。句意：每当我有想玩电脑游戏的冲动时，我就会想起我的目标，马上就又有了重新学习的力量。在whenever引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故would改为will。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. with
2. deaths
3. possibility
4. is associated
5. greater
6. carries
7. a
8. who
9. to educate
10. developing
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子烟对人体的伤害，并且说明了为防止电子烟对青少年造成伤害，人们应该注意什么。
1.考查with的复合结构。句意：今年8月，一种神秘的严重肺部疾病的病例震惊了健康社会，医生们正在寻找病因。空白处后面是宾语+doing的结构，所以此处应该是with，构成with+宾语+doing的复合结构，在句中做状语。故填with。
2.考查名词单复数。句意：报告了12例死亡，所有病例都报告了电子烟使用史。因为是12例死亡，所以应该用复数形式。故填deaths。
3.考查名词。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外……，空白处前面是the，后面是of addiction，所以此处需要一个名词。需将possible变为名词形式。故填possibility。
4.考查被动语态。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外，电子烟的使用还与其他烟草产品的使用有关……。此句子的主语是“e-cigarette use”，空白处需要动词的谓语形式，associate需用被动语态，构成A be associated with B的结构，意为A和B有关，结合主语性质用单数，结合上下文时态用一般现在时，故填is associated。
5.考查形容词比较级。句意：……这些烟草产品对身体造成更大的损害。even后面形容词需要用比较级。故填greater。
6.考查谓语动词。句意：即使吸入别人呼出的电子烟也会带来健康风险。此句主语“breathing in……”为动名词形式，smoke后是由that引导的定语从句，空白处缺失谓语动词，动名词做主语谓语动词用单数，又因为时态用一般现在时，故填carries。
7.考查冠词。句意：每个人都有自己的角色，包括父母、卫生保健提供者、教师，以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。空白处后面的role角色是泛指。故填a。
8.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。先行词是those，指代人，并且从句中缺少主语。故填who。
9.考查非谓语动词。此句是系表结构，表语chance后面是后置定语，需用动词的非谓语形式，又因为此处的“去教育您的孩子有关电子香烟使用的潜在风险的机会”表示目的，故填to educate。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：和你的供应商讨论这些健康风险，包括尼古丁成瘾和尼古丁对发育中的大脑影响等。空白处是一个定语修饰brain。又因为前文说到是孩子，是正在发育的大脑。故填developing。
二、短文改错
【答案】
1. where →that
2. Filling →Filled
3.删除students后的were
4. beautiful →beautifully
5. at →in
6. such →so
7. it →them
8. performer →performers
9.is后加a
10. enriched →enrich
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学校的一次才艺表演的相关情况。
1.考查强调句。本句考查强调句it is/was+强调部分+that，故将where改为that。
2.考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语teachers和fill之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故将Filling改为Filled。
3.考查被动语态。结合上下文可知此处应译为“所有老师和学生都参加了表演”，不用被动语态，故删除students后的were。
4.考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词decorated，故将beautiful改为beautifully。
5.考查介词。此处考查短语in all总共/总计，故将at改为in。
6.考查副词。wonderful是形容词，应用副词so修饰，故将such改为so。
7.考查代词。结合上下文可知此处代指前文提到的shows，该词是复数形式，故应用them代替，故将it改为them。
8.考查名词的数。根据all判断此处用名词复数形式，故将performer改为performers。
9.考查冠词。activity是可数名词，结合句意可知此处应译为“一场有意义的活动”，故用不定冠词，有meaningful是辅音音素开头，故在is后加a。
10.考查动词形式。分析句子可知本句用and连接两个谓语动词，又help是原形，故enrich也应用原形，故将enriched改为enrich。
介词是英语中比较活跃的词，它与名词、形容词、副词和动词等构成搭配时用法灵活，意义丰富。搭配比较活跃的介词主要有in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。
2020年高考介词的考查仍然会以介词的固定短语和介词辨析为主。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。
介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。在高考考查中主要是对常用介词的辨析和对介词短语搭配的考查。
考点1 常见介词的活用
by, with, against, over, on, in, at, besides, for等是常考的介词。掌握这些介词的用法和意义，准确把握句子语境是解题的关键。下面是近年高考考查最多的几个介词，应重点掌握：
1. over可表位置，意为“在……上方；越过；遮住，盖住”，也可表时间，意为“在……期间；（多年）以来”等，它还有“在……（问题）上；对（某事）”等引申意义。如：
①You can’t wear a blue jacket over that shirt—It’ll look terrible．你不能在那件衬衣外面再穿上蓝色的夹克——太难看了。
②We had a pleasant chat over a cup of tea．我们一边喝茶一边愉快地交谈。
③We heard it over the radio．我们从广播中听到了它。
2.by的主要意思有“在……旁，靠近；乘(车、船等)；不迟于；到……为止；被，由；根据，按照(关系)；通过……方式”等，还可以用来表示增加或减少的程度。by构成的常见短语有：
by and by 不久，迟早 by and large 大体上
by oneself 单独 by the way 顺便说说
by far 到目前为止，最…… by chance 碰巧
by accident 偶然地 by means of 借助
by no means 绝不，一点也不 by mistake 错误地
①The water in the river rose by two meters．河水上涨了两米。
②He is an Englishman by birth．他在血统上是英国人。
3.with可以用来表示“带有，拥有；随着；就……来说；用，以；和，与；对于，关于“等意思。with还可用来表示原因。如：
①He turned red with anger.他气得脸变红了。
②The problem with looking into space from the earth is that there is a lot of dust in the earth’s air.从地球上观察太空存在一个问题，就是地球的大气中有大量的尘埃。
4．beyond表示“(时间)过了，比……晚，迟于；(位置)在……那边，超出……之外；(范围)超过，为……所不及，超出……的范围”等意思。如：
①They arrived beyond nine o’clock．他们过了9：00才到。
②The book is beyond me．这本书我看不懂。
③Tom is far beyond his elder brother in maths．汤姆的数学比他哥哥的好多了。
【典例】
Annie said she enjoyed the moment most that every morning she waked towards the classroom, she could see me standing outside the front door __________ a smile on my face.
【答案】with
【解题思路】考查介词用法。句子意思：安妮说她喜欢那一时刻，每天早上当她走进教室，她可以看到我站在前门，脸上带着微笑。with a smile on my face “脸上带着笑”，做状语。
考点2 介词的固定搭配
高考主要考查学生对固定短语的掌握程度、对短语意义的了解以及介词在这些固定搭配中的应用。
1．名词词组：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in one’s opinion根据某人的看法；on time准时；out of reach够不着
2．动词词组：remind sb of sth提醒某人某事；rob sb of sth抢劫某人的……；result from由……引起；call at访问(某地)
3．形容词词组：be curious about对……好奇；be proud of因……而自豪；be popular with受到……的欢迎
4．介词短语：apart from除……以外；in addition to除……之外(还)；because of因为；instead of代替；in fear of为……提心吊胆；for fear of以免；in case of万一；thanks to由于；in the middle of在……中间；according to根据；in front of在……前面；in return for作为对……的回报；in charge of负责；as a result of作为……的结果；in exchange for与……交换等
【典例】
Next time you are to come for dinner, don’t forget to inform me _________ advance so that I can make preparations.
【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词用法。句意：下次你来吃饭的时候，不要忘了提前告知我，以便我做好准备。in advance“提前”。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·天津】___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A. According to B. Instead of
C. In addition to D. In spite of
【答案】D
【解题思路】考查介词词组。句意：尽管存在所有这些问题，有些运动员还是表现很好。according to根据……；instead of代替；in addition to另外，除……之外；in spite of 尽管，不管。故选D。
2.【2019·江苏】Favorable policies are ___________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查介词短语。句意：好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。in effect实际上； in command指挥；in turn轮流，依次；in shape在外形上，处于良好的状态。故选A。
3.【2018·江苏】 China’s soft?power?grows?_______ the?increasing?appreciation?and?understanding of China globally.
A. in line with B. in reply to C. in return for D. in honour of
【答案】A
【解题思路】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增与全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。in line with按照；与……一致；in reply to答复；in return for作为……的报答；in honour of为纪念，为庆祝。故选A。
二、语法填空
4.【2019·全国卷Ⅰ】Modem methods ______ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.
【答案】of/for
【解题思路】考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定语，用of 连接，“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”，构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
5.【2019·全国III】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____ dogs，seven to be exact.
【答案】of
【解题思路】考查介词。“a pack of”意为“一群”。故填of。
6.【2019·浙江】The answer ______ this question is not clear.
【答案】to
【解题思路】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
7.【2019·北京】First celebrated ______ 1970，the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区).
【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。句意：第一次庆祝是在1970年。如今，这一天的活动遍及190多个国家和地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
8.【2018·全国III】I was searching ______ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing.
【答案】for
【解题思路】考查介词，根据固定搭配search for，表示“寻找”，句意：我在寻找我研究的三只西部低地大猩猩，故答案填for。
9.【2018·浙江】If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.
【答案】for
【解题思路】考查介词的固定搭配。go to sp for dinner去某处吃饭，故答案为for。
10.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】as
【解题思路】考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
11.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.
【答案】from
【解题思路】考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
12.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.
【答案】in
【解题思路】考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
三、短文改错
13.【2019·全国卷Ⅱ】When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
【答案】在high school前加in/at
【解题思路】考查介词。“在高中”需要用介词in或者at，故在high school前加in/at。
14.【2018·全国I】At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed.
【答案】删除for
【解题思路】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。
15.【2018·全国II】Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
【答案】for改为with
【解题思路】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。
16.【2017·全国卷Ⅰ】It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
【答案】on改为of
【解题思路】考查介词。分析语境可知作者表示“在路中间急刹车”。on the road表示“在路上”， the middle of the road表示“路的中央”，强调的是“the middle”。故将on改为of。
17.【2017·全国卷Ⅱ】They have also bought for some gardening tools.
【答案】去掉for
【解题思路】考查动词搭配。buy为及物动词，不能接介词for。
18.【2017·全国卷Ⅲ】When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.
【答案】删去第二个of
【解题思路】考查介词。realize是及物动词，后接宾语不需要介词，故删去介词of。
一、语法填空
Lake Hillier is a saltwater lake on the edge of Middle Island, a large island off the south coast of Western Australia. It is pink in color, due 1 a plant that causes the salt 2 (produce) a red color. There’ s a long strip of land 3 separates the lake from the ocean. It was first written about in 1802, when Matthew Flinders hiked one of the island’s highest 4 (mountain). He named the lake after William Hillier, an 5 (explore) who had previously visited Middle Island. In 1889, Edward Andrews moved to the island with his two sons. They began to mine the lake for salt, and soon other miners came. However, the mining was 6 (eventual) stopped, as the salt wasn’ t fit to eat or use in other products because it was 7 ( poison). In 2002, the lake was recognized as 8 wetland, and in 2012, it became a 9 (protect) area. A walking trail 10 (build) around it for tourists to use. Even though the lake contains a lot of salt, it is still safe to swim in.
【答案】
1. to 2. to produce 3. that/which 4. mountains 5. explorer
6. eventually 7. poisonous 8. a 9. protected 10. was built
【解题思路】本文为记叙文。希利尔湖是位于中岛边缘的一个咸水湖，是西澳大利亚南海岸的一个大岛。它是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐产生一种红色。湖面和海洋之间有一长条陆地。这个湖以探险家威廉希利尔的名字命名的。2002，该湖被认为是湿地，2012年成为了保护区。
1.考查固定搭配。句意：它是粉红色的，因为一种植物使盐变成红色。due to为固定搭配，意为“由于，因为”。故填 to。
2.考查动词。 “cause sth. to do …”为固定搭配，意为“导致/使某事发生”。因此填to produce。
3.考查定语从句。句意：有一长条陆地把湖和海洋分开了。分析句子可知，本句是一个定语从句。其中先行词为land，在定语从句中作主语，指物，可以用that，也可以用which，故填that/which。
4.考查名词。句意：当时马修·弗林德斯徒步走上了岛上最高的山脉。分析句子可知，根据前面的one of the islands highest+名词复数。因此此处要填 mountains。
5.考查语境及名词。句意：他是一位探险家。分析句子可知，本空前有an，可知要用名词。根据句意可知，要填explorer。
6.考查副词。句意：采矿最终被停止了。分析句子可知，本空在句中作状语，修饰动词stopped，因此要填eventually。
7.考查形容词。句意：采矿工作最终还是停止了，因为盐有毒，不适合食用或用于其他产品。本空在句中作系动词was的表语，根据语境可知填poisonous。
8.考查冠词。句意：2002年，该湖被认定为（一块）湿地。分析句子可知，本空在句中表示量词“一”，因此填a。
9.考查过去分词作定语。句意：2012年，它成为一个保护区。分析句子可知，本空在句中作定语，修饰名词area。名词area与动词protect二者是被动关系。即被保护的，要用过去分析词，故填protected。
10.考查谓语动词。句意：在它周围建了一条步行道供游客使用。根据前面 的时间状2012，可知用一般过去时。而主语A walking trail 与谓语动词build是被动关系。所以要用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
二、短文改错
I used to be very addicted to computer games that I had little time to study and thus fall behind. My parents were extreme worried about me. It was what my English teacher said helped me out. She told me to have my own goal of life, otherwise your future would be hopeless. She said computer games were fun and they would not guarantee for me a bright future. Finally, I realized I must set up a goal and fight for them. At present, whenever I have an urge to playing computer games, I would think of my goal and regain my strength to study immediately.
【答案】1.very→so
2. fall →fell
3. extreme →extremely
4.said后加that
5. your →my
6. and →but
7. guarantee后的for 去掉
8. them →it
9. playing →play
10. would →will
【解题思路】本文是记叙文。过去我常常沉迷于电脑游戏。老师的话鼓励了我，使我树立了目标并且为之努力。
1.考查固定结构。句意：我过去是如此沉迷于电脑游戏以致我很少把时间花在学习上。so …that意为：如此……以致。故very改为so。
2.考查时态。and是并列连词，连接并列的谓语 had little time 和 fall behind，根据had可知fall应用一般过去时,故fall改为fell。
3.考查副词。修饰形容词worried 用副词，故extreme改为extremely。
4.考查强调句型。句意：是我的英语老师所说的话帮助我摆脱了困境。what my English teacher said helped me out是完整的句子，what引导主语从句，根据前面的It was可分析是强调句型，结构为It was… that/ who…, 强调what my English teacher said，指事情，故said后加that。
5.考查代词。句意：她告诉我要有自己的生活目标，否则我的未来将会是毫无希望的。前半句是my own goal of life，故 your改为my。
6.考查连词。句意：她说电脑游戏很有趣，但是它们不能保证我有一个光明的未来。根据句意，前后应该是转折的关系，故and改but。
7.考查固定短语。短语guarantee sb. sth... 保证某人……；guarantee me a bright future意为：保证我有一个光明未来，故去掉guarantee 后的for。
8.考查代词。句意：我意识到我必须树立一个目标，并且为之努力。前面的a goal是单数, 用it 指代。故them 改为it。
9.考查固定短语。短语have an urge to do …. 有做……的欲望/冲动, to后接动词原形,故playing改为play。
10.考查时态。句意：每当我有想玩电脑游戏的冲动时，我就会想起我的目标，马上就又有了重新学习的力量。在whenever引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故would改为will。
一、语法填空
In August, cases of a mysterious severe lung disease rocked the health society, 1 doctors looking for the cause of the illness. They found the link between vaping and lung disease. Now, there are 805 lung injury cases reported across 46 states in the United States. There had been twelve 2 (death) reported, and all cases reported a history of e-cigarette use.
E-cigarette use poses a significant and avoidable health risk to young people in the United States. Besides increasing the 3 (possible) of addiction and long-term harm to brain development and respiratory health, e-cigarette use 4 (associate) with the use of other tobacco products that can do even 5 (great) damage to the body. Even breathing in e-cigarette smoke that someone else has breathed out 6 (carry) health risks.
It is important to prevent harm to youth and young adults from e-cigarettes. Everyone has 7 role, including parents, health care providers, teachers, and those 8 work with and care about young people. A visit to a health care professional is a great chance 9 (educate) your child on the potential risks of e-cigarette use. Ask your provider to discuss these health risks, including nicotine addiction and the impact of nicotine on the 10 (develop) brain, etc.
【答案】
1. with
2. deaths
3. possibility
4. is associated
5. greater
6. carries
7. a
8. who
9. to educate
10. developing
【解题思路】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电子烟对人体的伤害，并且说明了为防止电子烟对青少年造成伤害，人们应该注意什么。
1.考查with的复合结构。句意：今年8月，一种神秘的严重肺部疾病的病例震惊了健康社会，医生们正在寻找病因。空白处后面是宾语+doing的结构，所以此处应该是with，构成with+宾语+doing的复合结构，在句中做状语。故填with。
2.考查名词单复数。句意：报告了12例死亡，所有病例都报告了电子烟使用史。因为是12例死亡，所以应该用复数形式。故填deaths。
3.考查名词。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外……，空白处前面是the，后面是of addiction，所以此处需要一个名词。需将possible变为名词形式。故填possibility。
4.考查被动语态。句意：除了增加成瘾的可能性和对大脑发育和呼吸系统健康的长期伤害之外，电子烟的使用还与其他烟草产品的使用有关……。此句子的主语是“e-cigarette use”，空白处需要动词的谓语形式，associate需用被动语态，构成A be associated with B的结构，意为A和B有关，结合主语性质用单数，结合上下文时态用一般现在时，故填is associated。
5.考查形容词比较级。句意：……这些烟草产品对身体造成更大的损害。even后面形容词需要用比较级。故填greater。
6.考查谓语动词。句意：即使吸入别人呼出的电子烟也会带来健康风险。此句主语“breathing in……”为动名词形式，smoke后是由that引导的定语从句，空白处缺失谓语动词，动名词做主语谓语动词用单数，又因为时态用一般现在时，故填carries。
7.考查冠词。句意：每个人都有自己的角色，包括父母、卫生保健提供者、教师，以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。空白处后面的role角色是泛指。故填a。
8.考查定语从句关系代词。句意：以及那些与年轻人一起工作和关心他们的人。先行词是those，指代人，并且从句中缺少主语。故填who。
9.考查非谓语动词。此句是系表结构，表语chance后面是后置定语，需用动词的非谓语形式，又因为此处的“去教育您的孩子有关电子香烟使用的潜在风险的机会”表示目的，故填to educate。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：和你的供应商讨论这些健康风险，包括尼古丁成瘾和尼古丁对发育中的大脑影响等。空白处是一个定语修饰brain。又因为前文说到是孩子，是正在发育的大脑。故填developing。
二、短文改错
It was in our school hall where our school held a variety show last week. Filling with enthusiasm, all the teachers and students were attended the show, which proved lively and fantastic. The hall was beautiful decorated. There were twenty shows at all, including singing, dancing and role play. The shows were such wonderful that we all enjoyed it very much. All the performer were trying their best to show their talents to the audiences. As far as I am concerned, the variety show is meaningful activity as it can help us to relax ourselves from our busy study and enriched our school life at the same time.
【答案】
1. where →that
2. Filling →Filled
3.删除students后的were
4. beautiful →beautifully
5. at →in
6. such →so
7. it →them
8. performer →performers
9.is后加a
10. enriched →enrich
【解题思路】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学校的一次才艺表演的相关情况。
1.考查强调句。本句考查强调句it is/was+强调部分+that，故将where改为that。
2.考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语teachers和fill之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词作状语，故将Filling改为Filled。
3.考查被动语态。结合上下文可知此处应译为“所有老师和学生都参加了表演”，不用被动语态，故删除students后的were。
4.考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词decorated，故将beautiful改为beautifully。
5.考查介词。此处考查短语in all总共/总计，故将at改为in。
6.考查副词。wonderful是形容词，应用副词so修饰，故将such改为so。
7.考查代词。结合上下文可知此处代指前文提到的shows，该词是复数形式，故应用them代替，故将it改为them。
8.考查名词的数。根据all判断此处用名词复数形式，故将performer改为performers。
9.考查冠词。activity是可数名词，结合句意可知此处应译为“一场有意义的活动”，故用不定冠词，有meaningful是辅音音素开头，故在is后加a。
10.考查动词形式。分析句子可知本句用and连接两个谓语动词，又help是原形，故enrich也应用原形，故将enriched改为enrich。
