名词和冠词是历年高考的重要考点，从近几年的高考试题中，可以发现它们经常放在一起，通过具体语境进行考查。其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析。因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境。
冠词主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
考点1 名词词义辨析
名词词义辨析主要考查学生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题是，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。
【典例】
1. Days before my ______ for Shanghai, my cousin made prediction without the slightest bit of irony, “You’ll fall in love in China.”
A. presentation B. adjustment C. transportation D. departure
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我出发前往上海的几天前，我表姐毫不讽刺地预言“你会爱上中国。”A. presentation陈述，报告；B. adjustment调整；C. transportation运输；D. departure出发。结合句意可知此处表示出发前说的话，用“出发”符合语境，故选D项。
2．—The governor made only a passing ____to the problem of unemployment.
—Yes, he mentioned it quickly.
A. difference B. reference C. opposition D. adaptation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——这位市长只是快速地提了一下未就业的问题。——是的，他只是快速地提及了一下。A. difference不同；B. reference谈及；C. opposition反对；D. adaptation适应。根据回答he mentioned it quickly.可知，这里指快速提及。故选B项。
考点2 名词的数
1.可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加-s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加-es
desk → desks；dish → dishes (注意：stomach的复数形式是stomachs)
(2)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加-es
study → studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为-ves
leaf → leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加-s
piano → pianos
(5)单、复数同形
sheep；deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词
works(工厂)；means(方法)
有一些例外情况：
(1) 巧记以o结尾加-es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato四个词)
(2) 巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加-s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
2.不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量，通常要用“a＋表量的概念的名词＋of＋名词”来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式：
a piece of paper一张纸；several pieces of information几条信息
通常情况下，抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词，如comfort，luck，rain，energy等。
3.一些不可数名词也有复数形式，但词义不同
brains
智力
times
时代
manners
礼貌
hairs
几根头发
goods
货物
sands
沙滩，沙漠
arms
武器
waters
水域，领海
snows
积雪
fruits
成果；收益
glasses
眼镜
papers
论文；证件
greens
青菜
customs
海关
pains
努力
woods
树林
4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如：
beauty(美，美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时，是不可数名词，但一旦表示具体物品，就变成了可数名词。如：
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡)
sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗)
water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如：comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒适的设施)；joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事)；difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难，难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中，如：have a look(看一下)；a few，a little(一些)；all of a sudden(突然)；make a study of…(对……进行研究)；in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时，便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间)
a word(话，词)→word(消息)
a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间)
go to school/church/bed/ college，etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)
6.有些词只用作不可数名词
Fun, advice, news, information, furniture，equipment，baggage/luggage，bread, homework，housework，juice，weather，progress，practice等。
7.常见复合名词的复数
looker-on → lookers-on旁观者
passer-by → passers-by过路人
father-in-law → fathers-in-law岳父
comrade-in-arms→ comrades-in-arms战友
go-between → go-betweens中间人
grown-up → grown-ups成年人
store-keeper → store-keepers店主
tooth-brush → tooth-brushes牙刷
8.英语中集合名词的 “数” 有三种情况
(1)“形单义复”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle牛；police警察；people人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples)；youth青年人(youths指青年们)。
(2)“形单义单”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：baggage/luggage行李；clothing衣服；furniture家具；machinery机械；man/mankind人类。
(3)有些集合名词作整体看时，当单数用，谓语动词用单数；作其“成员”解时，当复数用，且形式不变，谓语动词用复数。如：family家；government政府；group组；team队；class班级；audience听众。
【典例】
1. Tom is a man of much and he had a lot of interesting in his life.
A．experience；experiences B．experiences ; experience
C．experience ; experience D．experiences ; experiences
【答案】A
【解析】句意：汤姆是一个经验丰富的人，他在他的生活中有很多有趣的经历。第一空experience“经验”是不可数名词；第二空experience“经历”是可数名词。故答案为A。
2. ---Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It’s said to be ______great success.
---No, I have been busy preparing all the office______ these days.
A．/; equipments B．the; equipment C．/; equipment D．a; equipment
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词和名词复数。句意：---你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。---没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。
考点3 不定冠词的用法
1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony-peace and development.
中国梦是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平与发展的梦。
2.用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“一”；在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a, an表示“一份，一阵，一场，一类”等。
—Would you like something to drink？你想喝点什么？
—I would like a coffee and two beers.我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。
3.用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
He missed the gold in the high jump but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
4.用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain;用于“a+most+形容词+名词”结构，意为“非常，很”。
Dan Brown, the auther of the Dan Vinci Code, is a famous writer.
丹.布朗是《达芬奇密码》的作者，是一位很著名的作家。
5.有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等后面加of…时，前面需用不定冠词aan。例如：have a good knowledge of 精通……；have a clear/good understanding of 清楚地/很好地了解。
Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better understanding of how society operates.
社会实践是让学生更好地了解社会运作的一个机会。
【典例】
1. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
【答案】a
【解析】考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会儿, 本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会。
2. Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as model in New York.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指“一个”，故填a。
3. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself _______ number of questions.
【答案】a
【解析】考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量，该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
考点4 定冠词的用法
1.表示“特指”。上文已经提到的人或物，再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到，但谈话双方都知道的人或物。
--Did you enjoy yourself yesterday？你昨天玩得开心吗？
--Yes, as you know the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国，杨利伟成为第一位登上太空的人。
易错警示：
（1）only ,very, same, main等形容词修饰名词时， 前面也用定冠词the。
This is the only expensive dress I’ve got.这是我唯一一件贵的连衣裙。
(2)a 与most 连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
Historical experience can serve as a most important source of information.历史经验能充当一种非常重要的信息来源。
【典例】
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语at the top of 此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
考点5 零冠词的用法
1.表示泛指的不可数名词（物质名词，抽象名词）、专有名词（不含普通名词）或可数名词复数前不加冠词。单数可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，也不加冠词。
2.季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词，但是如果名词前面有修饰或特指某一季节、月份等要用冠词。
The spring of 2014 was a terrible spring because many people died because of terrorists.
因为许多人死于恐怖分子，2014年的春天是个可怕的春天。
3.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词做表语、同位语或宾语补足语时，一般不加冠词。
David， monitor of our class is always ready to help others.
戴维是我们班的班长，他总是乐于助人。
4.as,though引导的让步状语从句中的表语（单数可数名词）置于句首时不加冠词。
Child as/though he is, he plays the violin perfectly.
尽管是个孩子，但他小提琴拉的很好。
5.跟在系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer .鲁迅在成为作家前是名医生。
【典例】
Everything comes with ____ price; there is no such ____ thing as a free lunch in the world.
A．a; a B．the; / C．the; a D．a; /
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每件东西都有一个价格；世界上没有像免费的午餐一样的东西。前文价格泛指任何一个价格，故用a；当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a（an），因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a（an）故不用冠词，选D。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
2.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
3.【2018?江苏卷】 Try?to?understand?what’s?actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition? D. assumption
4.【2018?天津卷】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
二、单句语法填空
5.【2019·全国 I卷】Of _____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
6.【2019·全国 II卷】When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ______ joke.
7.【2019·全国卷I改编】It leads to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing
8.【2019·浙江卷】 Everybody wears_____ same style of clothes.
9.【2019·全国III卷】When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ______(compete)to watch.
10.【2019·北京卷】No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.
11.【2018?全国III卷】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
12.【2018?全国III卷】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
13.【2018?全国 II卷】This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
14.【2018?浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
15.【2018?浙江卷】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
16.【2017?全国卷Ⅲ】 But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her (educate).
17.【2017?全国 I卷】As________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
18.【2017?全国 II卷】This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts.
19.【2017?全国 III卷】She is determined to carry on with her _______ (educate)．She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
20.【2017?浙江卷】Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
21.【2017?浙江卷】For Pahlsson, its return was wonder.
三、句子改错
22.【2019·全国 I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
23.【2019·全国III卷】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
24.【2019·全国III卷】Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
25.【2019·全国II卷】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do.
26. 【2019·全国II卷】All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
27.【2018?全国I卷】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
28.【2018?全国I卷】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
29.【2018?全国III卷】At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well."
30.【2018?全国II卷】After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
31.【2018?全国II卷】As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.
32.【2017?全国I卷】I still remember how hard first day was.
33.【2017?全国II卷】They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
34.【2017?全国III卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
35.【2017?全国I卷】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
36.【2017?全国II卷】Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
一、语法填空
【2019·重庆一中高三开学考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Fuchsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months. The one-month backpacking trip exposed the English woman 1 a wide range of Chinese food. “The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than 2 I had in the U.K.,” Dunlop recalled.
The last stop of her trip was Chengdu, 3 capital of southwest China's Sichuan Province. Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food represents one of China's 4 (good) cuisines, and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mouth, something inside her changed forever.
After she returned to London, Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrote down “studying Chinese 5 (policy) on ethnic groups” on the 6 (apply) form as the reason for a scholarship, what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes.
Her journey eventually led her to become the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food. She 7 (write) many books on Chinese cuisine since, including Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated into Chinese in 2018.
According to Chen Xiaoqing, 8 (know) for directing the documentary of A Bite of China, Dunlop is the most insightful foreign writer who 9 (vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents to the readers is not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous changes 10 occur) in the country behind the flavors.
二、短文改错
【2019·安徽高三调研卷】Recently I've done a survey in our class on my classmates think of ads. The majority
of my classmate take a positive attitude to ads in that ads do bring us convenient. Other students argue that being
largely exposing to ads may lead to the sameness ranging from clothes, shelters to transportation
From my point of the view, I prefer the former opinion to the latter for the following reasons. The first reason is
rooted in the fact that there was various ads so that people have various choices. Secondly, with ads, that would be
difficult to get across a product's basic message. However, ads, instead of making people seem to be the same,
contributes greatly to people's better life.
一、语法填空
【四川省成都外国语学校2020届高三上学期月考卷】There were two men 1.________ (live) next to each other, both with large gardens. One of them was a retired teacher and the other was a baker. The teacher 2.________ (rare) cared for the plants in his garden, but the baker was very careful 3.________ his plants. Therefore, the teacher’s plants were small, while the baker’s plants were much bigger and greener.
One night, 4.________ heavy storm hit the village. The next morning, both of the 5.________ (neighbor) came out to check on their gardens. The baker saw that his plants 6.________ (destroy). However, the teacher’s plants were not damaged at all and stood firm.
7.________ (surprise), the baker asked the teacher, “We both grew the same plants and I cared for my plants better 8.________ you did. How are your plants still OK?”
The teacher smiled and said, “You gave your plants too much attention, so you made 9.________ too easy for them to grow. I gave my plants just a little bit of water, so their roots had to grow deeper 10.________ (find) more by themselves. That’s why my plants survived.”
二、短文改错
【2020届湖北省龙泉中学、潜江中学高三联考】One day I happened to find chat room on my web，there people
were chatting in English. I try to chat with some of them. To my great surprise, I found that the spoken English of
some junior students were better than me. I asked them for advise and they told me to practise more on the web. So
every day after that I would spend one hour read English after a tape recorder very seriously. Day after day I learned
from many useful words and expressions. With time went by，I found that I could even communicate with some
college student in English.
答案和解析
一、单项选择
1.【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgment“判断力判断”。故选B。
2.【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
3.【答案】D
【解题思路】句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配；B. association 协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物； D. assumption假设。故选D。
4.【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议； B. order命令； C. possibility 可能性； D. invitation 邀请。
二、单句语法填空
5.【答案】the
【解题思路】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
6.【答案】a
【解题思路】考查冠词。此处joke为泛指，故填a。
7.【答案】belief
【解题思路】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
8.【答案】the
【解题思路】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
9.【答案】competition
【解题思路】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
10.【答案】activities
【解题思路】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
11.【答案】scientist
【解题思路】考查词性转换。冠词后面接名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家，scientist科学家。
12.【答案】the
【解题思路】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
13.【答案】pollution
【解题思路】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
14.【答案】dishes
【解题思路】考查名词单复数。句意：制作中国菜被认为是一件特别麻烦的事。考查可数名词复数。dish是可数名词，要用其复数形式。
15.【答案】weight
【解题思路】考查词性转换。空格处是修饰后面的名词的。weight problems体重问题。
16.【答案】education
【解题思路】考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
17.【答案】a
【解题思路】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。句意：结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
18.【答案】introduction
【解题思路】考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。
19.【答案】education ; invitations
【解题思路】第一空考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。第二空考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
20.【答案】carrots
【解题思路】考查名词。根据a handful of 可知，用carrot的复数形式，故填carrots。
21.【答案】a
【解题思路】考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要不定冠词a。
三、句子改错
22.【答案】football前面加上a
【解题思路】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。
23.【答案】把city改为cities
【解题思路】考查名词。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
24.【答案】把an改为a
【解题思路】考查冠词。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。
25.【答案】job改为jobs
【解题思路】考查名词。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
26.【答案】player →players
【解题思路】考查名词。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
27.【答案】第一个to后加the
【解题思路】考查冠词。句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。表示“乡下；农村”的country或countryside前面要带定冠词the。
28.【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解题思路】考查名词复数。句意：他们拥有一所大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of 可知，其后用名词复数形式。
29.【答案】mistake改为mistakes
【解题思路】考查名词单复数。此处表示“学习包括从教科书中学习，也包括从错误中学习”。根据句意可知，“错误”应该不止一个，且mistake是可数名词，所以要用该词的复数形式。
30.【答案】sort改为sorts
【解题思路】考查名词单复数。此处sort表示“种类”，是可数名词，前面有all修饰，故要用sort的复数形式。所以要把sort改为sorts。
31.【答案】the改为a
【解题思路】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改成a。
32.【答案】first前加the或my
【解题思路】考查冠词或物主代词。“我”依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指第一天，所以在first前加上the，也可以加上my。my first day表示“我的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。
33.【答案】第一个a改为an或one
【解题思路】考查冠词用法。名词hour虽然是辅音字母开头，但发音为元音，用an或one均可。
34.【答案】picture前加this/the
【解题思路】考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。
35.【答案】word改为words
【解题思路】考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。
36.【答案】informations改为information
【解题思路】考查不可数名词。information为不可数名词。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. to 2.what 3.the 4.best 5.policies
6. application 7.has written 8.known 9.vividly 10.occurring
【解题思路】
1.考查固定短语。句意：为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose... to表示“使接触、暴露于”，故填to。
2.考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的had缺少宾语，故填what。
3.考查定冠词。句意：她此行的最后一站是中国西南部四川省的省会成都。the capital of表示“……的首都/省会”，应该用the表特指，故填the。
4.考查形容词最高级。句意：邓洛普从朋友那里得知川菜是中国最好的菜系之一。one of后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰，故填best。
5.考查名词复数。句意：当她在申请表上写下“学习中国民族政策”作为申请奖学金的理由时，她真正想的是川菜。policy当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填policies。
6.考查名词。句意同上。根据句意可知此处用名词作定语，application form表示“申请表”，故填application。
7.考查时态。句意：从那以后，她写了许多关于中国烹饪的书。根据since可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故填has written。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：以执导纪录片《舌尖上的中国》而出名的陈晓青说邓洛普是最有洞察力的外国作家，她生动、准确地描述了中国美食。be known for表示“因……而出名”，此处去掉be作定语，故填known。
9.考查副词。句意同上，修饰动词describes用副词，故填vividly。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：她所呈现给读者的不仅仅是食物，还有这个国家在美食背后深刻的传统和正在发生的巨大的变化。changes 与occur之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填occurring。
二、短文改错
【答案】
【解题思路】
1. 考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故使用what作引导词。故在on和way之间加上what。
2. 考查名词的数。同学肯定不止一个。故将classmate改为classmates。
3. 考查名词。bring sb sth为固定搭配，意为带给某人某物，此处应使用名词。故将convenient改为convenience。
4. 考查过去分词。大多数学生是“被暴露”，根据being和句意可知此处应为被动的意思，故应该使用expose的被动形式，expose的过去分词为exposed。故将exposing改为exposed。
5. 考查固定短语。one’s point of view为固定搭配，意为“某人的观点”，此处不应该有the。故将the删去。
6. 考查一般现在时。由文章的上下文可知，文章使用的基本时态是一般现在时，此处无特殊情况，也应该使用一般现在时故将was改为is。
7.考查介词。句意：没有广告，将很难传达产品的基本信息。此处的意思应该为“没有”广告，应使用否定词。故将with改为without。
8. 考查it用法。分析句子可知，此句如果使用that构成从句的话，该句将缺少主语。此处是it做形式主语，后面不定式做真正主语。故将that改为it。
9. 考查连接副词。前文讲没有广告的好处，后文仍讲没有广告的好处，知此处没有转折的意味。Therefore和thus都意为“因此”，有进一步递进解释的意思。故将however改为Therefore或thus。
10.考查主谓一致。ads为复数，与之一致，不应该使用动词的第三人称单数形式，故应该将contributes改为contribute。
一、语法填空
【答案】
1. living 2. rarely 3. with 4. a 5. neighbors
6. were destroyed 7. Surprised 8. than 9. it 10. to find
【解题思路】
1.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，句子的谓语是were，所以live充当非谓语，由于men和live之间是主动关系，故用living。
2.考查副词。前半句的谓语动词是cared，副词修饰动词，故用rarely。
3.考查介词。固定搭配be careful with当心，留意，注意。
4.考查不定冠词。storm是可数名词，a用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“一”。句意：有天晚上，一阵狂风袭击了这个村庄。
5.考查名词。both of后面跟名词复数形式，故填neighbors。
6.考查动词的时态和语态。事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，并且his plants和destroy是被动关系，故填were destroyed。
7.考查形容词。surprised 是“形容词作插入语”，表示“对……惊讶”。
8.考查连词。句意：我们都种的是同种植物，而且我照料得比你更好。根据句意可知，这里表示比较级。
9.考查代词。make it +adj +to do使得做某事怎么样。
10.考查动词不定式。句意：我只是给植物浇了点水，所以它们的根就得长得更深，为了自己去找寻更多的水。根据句意可知，表目的，用不定式结构。
二、短文改错
【答案】
One day I happened to find / chat room on my web, there people were chatting in English. I try to
a where tried
with some of them. To my great surprise, I found that the spoken English of some junior students were
was
better than me. I asked them for advise and they told me to practise more on the web. So every day after
mine advice
that I would spend one hour read English after a tape recorder very seriously. Day after day I learned
reading
from many useful words and expressions. With time went by, I found that I could even communicate
As / (going)
with some college student in English.
students
名词和冠词是历年高考的重要考点，从近几年的高考试题中，可以发现它们经常放在一起，通过具体语境进行考查。其命题趋势仍将是：在不同语言环境中去识别词义，进行词义辨析。因此，考生不仅要弄清词义，而且也要把握好语言环境。
冠词主要考查在理解冠词基本含义的基础上，在具体语境下的冠词的运用，主要包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
考点1 名词词义辨析
名词词义辨析主要考查学生对基本词汇的掌握程度和名词在具体语境中的运用。常见考查形式有：异义词辨析、同义词辨析和近义词辨析。在做题是，先弄清题中每个名词的意义及用法，然后根据语境选择符合句意的名词。
在高考词义辨析题中，有一种“熟词生义”题型，即题目中所填的词是考生所熟悉的，但所考查的含义却是不常见的。这就要求考生在掌握单词基本词义的基础上，善于结合不同的语境去体会、感悟单词的含义。
【典例】
1. Days before my ______ for Shanghai, my cousin made prediction without the slightest bit of irony, “You’ll fall in love in China.”
A. presentation B. adjustment C. transportation D. departure
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我出发前往上海的几天前，我表姐毫不讽刺地预言“你会爱上中国。”A. presentation陈述，报告；B. adjustment调整；C. transportation运输；D. departure出发。结合句意可知此处表示出发前说的话，用“出发”符合语境，故选D项。
2．—The governor made only a passing ____to the problem of unemployment.
—Yes, he mentioned it quickly.
A. difference B. reference C. opposition D. adaptation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——这位市长只是快速地提了一下未就业的问题。——是的，他只是快速地提及了一下。A. difference不同；B. reference谈及；C. opposition反对；D. adaptation适应。根据回答he mentioned it quickly.可知，这里指快速提及。故选B项。
考点2 名词的数
1.可数名词的复数
(1)可数名词变复数一般都是直接加-s；词尾若是s，x，ch，sh，在词尾加-es
desk → desks；dish → dishes (注意：stomach的复数形式是stomachs)
(2)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，要变y为i再加-es
study → studies
(3)以f或fe结尾的名词，变f或fe为-ves
leaf → leaves
(4)以字母o结尾的名词，多数加-s
piano → pianos
(5)单、复数同形
sheep；deer
(6)单、复数都要加s的名词
works(工厂)；means(方法)
有一些例外情况：
(1) 巧记以o结尾加-es的名词：黑人英雄吃西红柿和马铃薯。(即Negro，hero，tomato和potato四个词)
(2) 巧记以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时直接加-s：海湾(gulf)里的首领(chief)只相信(belief)放在屋顶(roof)保险箱(safe)里的证据(proof)。
2.不可数名词
不可数名词一般没有复数形式，如果需要表示量，通常要用“a＋表量的概念的名词＋of＋名词”来表示，其中的表量的概念的名词可以根据需要用复数形式：
a piece of paper一张纸；several pieces of information几条信息
通常情况下，抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词，如comfort，luck，rain，energy等。
3.一些不可数名词也有复数形式，但词义不同
brains
智力
times
时代
manners
礼貌
hairs
几根头发
goods
货物
sands
沙滩，沙漠
arms
武器
waters
水域，领海
snows
积雪
fruits
成果；收益
glasses
眼镜
papers
论文；证件
greens
青菜
customs
海关
pains
努力
woods
树林
4.抽象名词、物质名词具体化
(1)英语中有一类名词在表示泛指意义时，它是一种概念，是不可数名词，但当它们被赋予了具体的含义后，可看作可数名词，一般与不定冠词连用，含有”一个(件、次)……的人或事”。如：
beauty(美，美貌)→a beauty(一个美人或一件美物)
danger(危险)→a danger(一件危险的事或一个危险的人)
failure(失败)→a failure(一件失败的事或一个失败的人)
honour(光荣)→an honour(一个带来荣誉的人或一件带来荣誉的事)
must(必须)→a must(一件必要的事或物)
worry(担心)→a worry(一件令人担心的事或一个令人担忧的人)
pity(遗憾)→a pity(一件可惜的事)
service(服务)→a service(一个服务机构)
smoke(烟)→a smoke(一缕烟)
surprise(惊奇)→a surprise(一件令人吃惊的事)
pleasure(乐趣)→a pleasure(一件有趣的事)
experience(经验)→an experience(一次经历)
(2)物质名词在表示构成物体的基本要素时，是不可数名词，但一旦表示具体物品，就变成了可数名词。如：
coffee(咖啡)→a coffee(一杯咖啡)
sand(沙子)→a sand(一片沙滩)
iron(铁)→an iron(一个熨斗)
water(水)→a water(一片水域)
抽象名词有时还可用复数形式。如：comfort(安慰)→comforts(舒适的设施)；joy(乐趣)→joys(乐事)；difficulty(困难)→difficulties(困难，难做的事)。
还有的用在某些固定短语中，如：have a look(看一下)；a few，a little(一些)；all of a sudden(突然)；make a study of…(对……进行研究)；in a hurry(匆忙)等。
5.有些可数名词抽象为“某一概念”时，便转化为不可数名词
a room(房间)→room(空间)
a word(话，词)→word(消息)
a space(空地)→space(宇宙,空间)
go to school/church/bed/ college，etc(去上学/做礼拜/上床睡觉/上大学等)
6.有些词只用作不可数名词
Fun, advice, news, information, furniture，equipment，baggage/luggage，bread, homework，housework，juice，weather，progress，practice等。
7.常见复合名词的复数
looker-on → lookers-on旁观者
passer-by → passers-by过路人
father-in-law → fathers-in-law岳父
comrade-in-arms→ comrades-in-arms战友
go-between → go-betweens中间人
grown-up → grown-ups成年人
store-keeper → store-keepers店主
tooth-brush → tooth-brushes牙刷
8.英语中集合名词的 “数” 有三种情况
(1)“形单义复”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：cattle牛；police警察；people人们(作民族、种族讲时复数为peoples)；youth青年人(youths指青年们)。
(2)“形单义单”的名词：这类集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：baggage/luggage行李；clothing衣服；furniture家具；machinery机械；man/mankind人类。
(3)有些集合名词作整体看时，当单数用，谓语动词用单数；作其“成员”解时，当复数用，且形式不变，谓语动词用复数。如：family家；government政府；group组；team队；class班级；audience听众。
【典例】
1. Tom is a man of much and he had a lot of interesting in his life.
A．experience；experiences B．experiences ; experience
C．experience ; experience D．experiences ; experiences
【答案】A
【解析】句意：汤姆是一个经验丰富的人，他在他的生活中有很多有趣的经历。第一空experience“经验”是不可数名词；第二空experience“经历”是可数名词。故答案为A。
2. ---Did you see the new movie directed by that famous director? It’s said to be ______great success.
---No, I have been busy preparing all the office______ these days.
A．/; equipments B．the; equipment C．/; equipment D．a; equipment
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词和名词复数。句意：---你看过那位著名导演，导演的新电影了吗?据说非常成功。---没有，这些天我一直在忙着准备所有的办公设备。success为不可数名词，但a success强调是“一件〔个〕成功的事或人。这是抽象名词的具体化的用法。 equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式，不要不定冠词来修饰。故D选项正确。
考点3 不定冠词的用法
1.泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。
The Chinese Dream is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony-peace and development.
中国梦是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平与发展的梦。
2.用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“一”；在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a, an表示“一份，一阵，一场，一类”等。
—Would you like something to drink？你想喝点什么？
—I would like a coffee and two beers.我想喝一杯咖啡和两瓶啤酒。
3.用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
He missed the gold in the high jump but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。
4.用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于a certain;用于“a+most+形容词+名词”结构，意为“非常，很”。
Dan Brown, the auther of the Dan Vinci Code, is a famous writer.
丹.布朗是《达芬奇密码》的作者，是一位很著名的作家。
5.有些不可数名词如knowledge, collection, understanding等后面加of…时，前面需用不定冠词aan。例如：have a good knowledge of 精通……；have a clear/good understanding of 清楚地/很好地了解。
Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better understanding of how society operates.
社会实践是让学生更好地了解社会运作的一个机会。
【典例】
1. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.
【答案】a
【解析】考查固定短语。介词短语for a while一会儿, 本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑休息一会。
2. Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as model in New York.
【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。model是可数名词，前面没有限定词，而此处泛指“一个”，故填a。
3. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself _______ number of questions.
【答案】a
【解析】考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量，该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
考点4 定冠词的用法
1.表示“特指”。上文已经提到的人或物，再次提到时在其前加the。也可指上文未提到，但谈话双方都知道的人或物。
--Did you enjoy yourself yesterday？你昨天玩得开心吗？
--Yes, as you know the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.是的，正如你所知，晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
2.用于序数词和形容词或副词最高级以及形容词only, very, same等之前。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中国，杨利伟成为第一位登上太空的人。
易错警示：
（1）only ,very, same, main等形容词修饰名词时， 前面也用定冠词the。
This is the only expensive dress I’ve got.这是我唯一一件贵的连衣裙。
(2)a 与most 连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。
Historical experience can serve as a most important source of information.历史经验能充当一种非常重要的信息来源。
【典例】
Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at top of her lungs.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。固定短语at the top of 此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
考点5 零冠词的用法
1.表示泛指的不可数名词（物质名词，抽象名词）、专有名词（不含普通名词）或可数名词复数前不加冠词。单数可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时，也不加冠词。
2.季节、月份、星期、节假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠词，但是如果名词前面有修饰或特指某一季节、月份等要用冠词。
The spring of 2014 was a terrible spring because many people died because of terrorists.
因为许多人死于恐怖分子，2014年的春天是个可怕的春天。
3.表示独一无二的头衔、职务名词做表语、同位语或宾语补足语时，一般不加冠词。
David， monitor of our class is always ready to help others.
戴维是我们班的班长，他总是乐于助人。
4.as,though引导的让步状语从句中的表语（单数可数名词）置于句首时不加冠词。
Child as/though he is, he plays the violin perfectly.
尽管是个孩子，但他小提琴拉的很好。
5.跟在系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词前不加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer .鲁迅在成为作家前是名医生。
【典例】
Everything comes with ____ price; there is no such ____ thing as a free lunch in the world.
A．a; a B．the; / C．the; a D．a; /
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词。句意：每件东西都有一个价格；世界上没有像免费的午餐一样的东西。前文价格泛指任何一个价格，故用a；当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a（an），因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a（an）故不用冠词，选D。
一、单项选择
1.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解题思路】句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明”； impact“强烈的影响，冲击力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgment“判断力判断”。故选B。
2.【2019·江苏卷】Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解题思路】句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
3.【2018?江苏卷】 Try?to?understand?what’s?actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made. A. assignment B. association C. acquisition? D. assumption
【答案】D
【解题思路】句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配；B. association 协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物； D. assumption假设。故选D。
4.【2018?天津卷】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解题思路】句意：宇宙中其他星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议； B. order命令； C. possibility 可能性； D. invitation 邀请。
二、单句语法填空
5.【2019·全国 I卷】Of _____ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解题思路】考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。
6.【2019·全国 II卷】When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was ______ joke.
【答案】a
【解题思路】考查冠词。此处joke为泛指，故填a。
7.【2019·全国卷I改编】It leads to a ______ (believe) that populations are increasing
【答案】belief
【解题思路】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。
8.【2019·浙江卷】 Everybody wears_____ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解题思路】考查冠词。句意：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。
9.【2019·全国III卷】When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ______(compete)to watch.
【答案】competition
【解题思路】考查名词。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。
10.【2019·北京卷】No matter what you like to do，there is a way to get involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day.
【答案】activities
【解题思路】考查名词。句意：无论你喜欢做什么，有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根据设空前的修饰词various可知，此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
11.【2018?全国III卷】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
【答案】scientist
【解题思路】考查词性转换。冠词后面接名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家，scientist科学家。
12.【2018?全国III卷】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
【答案】the
【解题思路】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
13.【2018?全国 II卷】This switch has decreased (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
【答案】pollution
【解题思路】考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
14.【2018?浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解题思路】考查名词单复数。句意：制作中国菜被认为是一件特别麻烦的事。考查可数名词复数。dish是可数名词，要用其复数形式。
15.【2018?浙江卷】Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解题思路】考查词性转换。空格处是修饰后面的名词的。weight problems体重问题。
16.【2017?全国卷Ⅲ】 But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her (educate).
【答案】education
【解题思路】考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。
17.【2017?全国 I卷】As________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
【答案】a
【解题思路】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果是”。句意：结果是，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。
18.【2017?全国 II卷】This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts.
【答案】introduction
【解题思路】考查名词。该词在此作with的宾语，意思是“引入方法、手段”等。由于其后带有介词of，故只能用introduction。
19.【2017?全国 III卷】She is determined to carry on with her _______ (educate)．She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
【答案】education ; invitations
【解题思路】第一空考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。第二空考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
20.【2017?浙江卷】Last October , while tending her garden in Mora , Sweden , Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small (carrot) and was about to throw them away.
【答案】carrots
【解题思路】考查名词。根据a handful of 可知，用carrot的复数形式，故填carrots。
21.【2017?浙江卷】For Pahlsson, its return was wonder.
【答案】a
【解题思路】考查冠词。此处a wonder表示“一个奇迹”，所以需要不定冠词a。
三、句子改错
22.【2019·全国 I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】football前面加上a
【解题思路】考查冠词。名词football为可数名词，前边需要有限定词。这里football第一次出现，故在football前加a。
23.【2019·全国III卷】I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
【答案】把city改为cities
【解题思路】考查名词。many different后跟可数名词的复数形式。故把city改为cities。
24.【2019·全国III卷】Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
【答案】把an改为a
【解题思路】考查冠词。an用在元音音素前，a用在辅音因素前。unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，前用a。故把an改为a。
25.【2019·全国II卷】Since I was a kid, I`ve considered different job I would like to do.
【答案】job改为jobs
【解题思路】考查名词。“job（工作；职业）”为可数名词，用different（不同的）修饰时意思为不同种类的工作，应该用名词的复数形式。故将job改为jobs。
26. 【2019·全国II卷】All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, saying that I had a talent for football.
【答案】player →players
【解题思路】考查名词。“player（运动员）”为可数名词，所以all（所有的）后需要用player的复数形式。故将player改为players。
27.【2018?全国I卷】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.
【答案】第一个to后加the
【解题思路】考查冠词。句意：去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。表示“乡下；农村”的country或countryside前面要带定冠词the。
28.【2018?全国I卷】Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解题思路】考查名词复数。句意：他们拥有一所大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的dozens of 可知，其后用名词复数形式。
29.【2018?全国III卷】At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, "The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well."
【答案】mistake改为mistakes
【解题思路】考查名词单复数。此处表示“学习包括从教科书中学习，也包括从错误中学习”。根据句意可知，“错误”应该不止一个，且mistake是可数名词，所以要用该词的复数形式。
30.【2018?全国II卷】After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解题思路】考查名词单复数。此处sort表示“种类”，是可数名词，前面有all修饰，故要用sort的复数形式。所以要把sort改为sorts。
31.【2018?全国II卷】As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.
【答案】the改为a
【解题思路】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改成a。
32.【2017?全国I卷】I still remember how hard first day was.
【答案】first前加the或my
【解题思路】考查冠词或物主代词。“我”依然记得第一天是多么艰难。句中特指第一天，所以在first前加上the，也可以加上my。my first day表示“我的第一天”。故在first前加the或my。
33.【2017?全国II卷】They live far from the school，and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
【答案】第一个a改为an或one
【解题思路】考查冠词用法。名词hour虽然是辅音字母开头，但发音为元音，用an或one均可。
34.【2017?全国III卷】Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
【答案】picture前加this/the
【解题思路】考查限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指，故需要用限定词this/the修饰。
35.【2017?全国I卷】The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”
【答案】word改为words
【解题思路】考查名词复数。教练一直喊“加速”“减速”“左转”。 word表示某人说的话时是可数名词，故将word改为words。
36.【2017?全国II卷】Beside，they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
【答案】informations改为information
【解题思路】考查不可数名词。information为不可数名词。
一、语法填空
【2019·重庆一中高三开学考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
Fuchsia Dunlop decided to visit China after reading articles about the country for several months. The one-month backpacking trip exposed the English woman 1 a wide range of Chinese food. “The dishes and soups I had even in the cheapest and plain eateries were better than 2 I had in the U.K.,” Dunlop recalled.
The last stop of her trip was Chengdu, 3 capital of southwest China's Sichuan Province. Dunlop learned from friends that Sichuan food represents one of China's 4 (good) cuisines, and when the spicy flavor of Sichuan pepper exploded in her mouth, something inside her changed forever.
After she returned to London, Dunlop made the decision to study in China at Sichuan University. When she wrote down “studying Chinese 5 (policy) on ethnic groups” on the 6 (apply) form as the reason for a scholarship, what she really had in mind were Sichuan dishes.
Her journey eventually led her to become the most knowledgeable English person on Chinese food. She 7 (write) many books on Chinese cuisine since, including Shark's Fin and Sichuan Pepper, which was translated into Chinese in 2018.
According to Chen Xiaoqing, 8 (know) for directing the documentary of A Bite of China, Dunlop is the most insightful foreign writer who 9 (vivid) describes Chinese cuisine in an exciting and accurate way. What she presents to the readers is not just food, but also the profound traditions and tremendous changes 10 occur) in the country behind the flavors.
【答案】
1. to 2.what 3.the 4.best 5.policies
6. application 7.has written 8.known 9.vividly 10.occurring
【解题思路】
1.考查固定短语。句意：为期一个月的背包旅行让这位英国女士接触到了各种各样的中国食物。expose... to表示“使接触、暴露于”，故填to。
2.考查宾语从句。句意：即使是在最便宜的普通餐馆里，我点的菜和汤也比我在英国吃的要好。此处为宾语从句，从句中的had缺少宾语，故填what。
3.考查定冠词。句意：她此行的最后一站是中国西南部四川省的省会成都。the capital of表示“……的首都/省会”，应该用the表特指，故填the。
4.考查形容词最高级。句意：邓洛普从朋友那里得知川菜是中国最好的菜系之一。one of后的名词常用形容词最高级修饰，故填best。
5.考查名词复数。句意：当她在申请表上写下“学习中国民族政策”作为申请奖学金的理由时，她真正想的是川菜。policy当“政策、方针”讲时是可数名词，此处用复数表泛指，故填policies。
6.考查名词。句意同上。根据句意可知此处用名词作定语，application form表示“申请表”，故填application。
7.考查时态。句意：从那以后，她写了许多关于中国烹饪的书。根据since可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，故填has written。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：以执导纪录片《舌尖上的中国》而出名的陈晓青说邓洛普是最有洞察力的外国作家，她生动、准确地描述了中国美食。be known for表示“因……而出名”，此处去掉be作定语，故填known。
9.考查副词。句意同上，修饰动词describes用副词，故填vividly。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意：她所呈现给读者的不仅仅是食物，还有这个国家在美食背后深刻的传统和正在发生的巨大的变化。changes 与occur之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作后置定语，故填occurring。
二、短文改错
【2019·安徽高三调研卷】请修改下面的短文。短文中共有10处语言错误，句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(?)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每句不超过两个错误;
2.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
3.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Recently I've done a survey in our class on my classmates think of ads. The majority of my classmate take a positive attitude to ads in that ads do bring us convenient. Other students argue that being largely exposing to ads may lead to the sameness ranging from clothes, shelters to transportation
From my point of the view, I prefer the former opinion to the latter for the following reasons. The first reason is rooted in the fact that there was various ads so that people have various choices. Secondly, with ads, that would be difficult to get across a product's basic message. However, ads, instead of making people seem to be the same, contributes greatly to people's better life.
【答案】
【解题思路】
1. 考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故使用what作引导词。故在on和way之间加上what。
2. 考查名词的数。同学肯定不止一个。故将classmate改为classmates。
3. 考查名词。bring sb sth为固定搭配，意为带给某人某物，此处应使用名词。故将convenient改为convenience。
4. 考查过去分词。大多数学生是“被暴露”，根据being和句意可知此处应为被动的意思，故应该使用expose的被动形式，expose的过去分词为exposed。故将exposing改为exposed。
5. 考查固定短语。one’s point of view为固定搭配，意为“某人的观点”，此处不应该有the。故将the删去。
6. 考查一般现在时。由文章的上下文可知，文章使用的基本时态是一般现在时，此处无特殊情况，也应该使用一般现在时故将was改为is。
7.考查介词。句意：没有广告，将很难传达产品的基本信息。此处的意思应该为“没有”广告，应使用否定词。故将with改为without。
8. 考查it用法。分析句子可知，此句如果使用that构成从句的话，该句将缺少主语。此处是it做形式主语，后面不定式做真正主语。故将that改为it。
9. 考查连接副词。前文讲没有广告的好处，后文仍讲没有广告的好处，知此处没有转折的意味。Therefore和thus都意为“因此”，有进一步递进解释的意思。故将however改为Therefore或thus。
10.考查主谓一致。ads为复数，与之一致，不应该使用动词的第三人称单数形式，故应该将contributes改为contribute。
一、语法填空
【四川省成都外国语学校2020届高三上学期月考卷】There were two men 1.________ (live) next to each other, both with large gardens. One of them was a retired teacher and the other was a baker. The teacher 2.________ (rare) cared for the plants in his garden, but the baker was very careful 3.________ his plants. Therefore, the teacher’s plants were small, while the baker’s plants were much bigger and greener.
One night, 4.________ heavy storm hit the village. The next morning, both of the 5.________ (neighbor) came out to check on their gardens. The baker saw that his plants 6.________ (destroy). However, the teacher’s plants were not damaged at all and stood firm.
7.________ (surprise), the baker asked the teacher, “We both grew the same plants and I cared for my plants better 8.________ you did. How are your plants still OK?”
The teacher smiled and said, “You gave your plants too much attention, so you made 9.________ too easy for them to grow. I gave my plants just a little bit of water, so their roots had to grow deeper 10.________ (find) more by themselves. That’s why my plants survived.”
【答案】
1. living 2. rarely 3. with 4. a 5. neighbors
6. were destroyed 7. Surprised 8. than 9. it 10. to find
【解题思路】
1.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，句子的谓语是were，所以live充当非谓语，由于men和live之间是主动关系，故用living。
2.考查副词。前半句的谓语动词是cared，副词修饰动词，故用rarely。
3.考查介词。固定搭配be careful with当心，留意，注意。
4.考查不定冠词。storm是可数名词，a用于单数可数名词前，表示数量“一”。句意：有天晚上，一阵狂风袭击了这个村庄。
5.考查名词。both of后面跟名词复数形式，故填neighbors。
6.考查动词的时态和语态。事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，并且his plants和destroy是被动关系，故填were destroyed。
7.考查形容词。surprised 是“形容词作插入语”，表示“对……惊讶”。
8.考查连词。句意：我们都种的是同种植物，而且我照料得比你更好。根据句意可知，这里表示比较级。
9.考查代词。make it +adj +to do使得做某事怎么样。
10.考查动词不定式。句意：我只是给植物浇了点水，所以它们的根就得长得更深，为了自己去找寻更多的水。根据句意可知，表目的，用不定式结构。
二、短文改错
【2020届湖北省龙泉中学、潜江中学高三联考】One day I happened to find chat room on my web，there people were chatting in English. I try to chat with some of them. To my great surprise, I found that the spoken English of some junior students were better than me. I asked them for advise and they told me to practise more on the web. So every day after that I would spend one hour read English after a tape recorder very seriously. Day after day I learned from many useful words and expressions. With time went by，I found that I could even communicate with some college student in English.
【答案】
One day I happened to find / chat room on my web, there people were chatting in English. I try to
a where tried
with some of them. To my great surprise, I found that the spoken English of some junior students were
was
better than me. I asked them for advise and they told me to practise more on the web. So every day after
mine advice
that I would spend one hour read English after a tape recorder very seriously. Day after day I learned
reading
from many useful words and expressions. With time went by, I found that I could even communicate
As / (going)
with some college student in English.
students
