三言
两语
1.Our school has built a new stadium recently, which with well-equipped facilities is located behind the library.
2．Nothing is more important than doing sports.It's time to take action to keep away from TV and computer screens.
3．Having realized the importance of sports, most of us have taken effective steps to exercise regularly, thus bringing us some positive changes.
1.随着体育场的建立，一系列的体育赛事都能够举办了。
With the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are now able to be held.
2．随着时间的推移，我不仅提高了篮球技艺，而且我的身体也变得越来越强壮。
With time going on, not only have I improved my skill in playing basketball but also my body is becoming stronger and stronger.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.homeland n．祖国；本国
2．replace vt.取代；替换；代替
3．charge vt.&vi.收费；控诉
n．费用；主管
4．physical adj.物理的；身体的
5．bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件
n．便宜货
6．deserve vi.&vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得
7．fine vt.罚款
8．medal n．奖牌；奖章；勋章；纪念章
9．host vt.做东；主办；招待
n．主人
10．ancient adj.古代的；古老的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I'm short of money, and can't afford a new car to_replace (replace) my old one.
2．China has made efforts for a breakthrough in the total number of gold medals (medal) in the coming Winter Games.
3．We attended a dinner party hosted (host) by the president of the company.
4．Charged (charge) with acting dishonestly in her business，she was in low spirits.
5．If you're driving at the speed of more than 100 kilometers an hour，you are more likely to break the speed limit and be at the risk of getting fined (fine).
拓
展
单
词
1.regular adj.规则的； 定期的； 常规的→ regulation n．规则； 规章制度
2．compete vi.比赛； 竞争→ competition n．竞争； 比赛→ competitive adj.竞争的； 有竞争力的→competitor n．竞争者
3．admit vt.&vi.容许； 承认； 接纳→ admission n．准入； 入场费； 承认
4．responsible adj.有责任心的→responsibility n．责任； 职责
5．volunteer n．志愿者； 志愿兵 adj.志愿的； 义务的 vt.&vi.自愿→ voluntary adj.自愿的； 志愿的
6．advertise vt.&vi.做广告； 登广告→ advertisement n．广告→advertiser n．广告商
7．pain n．疼痛； 痛苦→ painful adj.疼痛的； 痛苦的→ painless adj.无痛的； 轻松的
8．hope v．&n.希望→ hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的→ hopeful adj.充满希望的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．A large number of volunteers from the university volunteer to teach in remote villages.Their voluntary work is well worth praising.(volunteer)
2．All the excited competitors who are relatively competitive are competing for the honor of winning the gold medals in the competition．(compete)
3．We'll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
4．Advertisers are supposed to be honest with their advertisements．If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50, 000 yuan.(advertise)
5．She is in a hopeless situation, and she hopes that someone will come and help her out.(hope)
阅
读
单
词
1.motto n．座右铭；格言；警句
2．similarity n．相像性；相似点
3．basis n．基础；根据
4．athlete n．运动员；运动选手
5.nowadays adv.现今；现在
6．stadium n．(露天大型)体育场
7．slave n．奴隶
8．swift adj.快的；迅速的
9.poster n．海报；招贴
10．mascot n．吉祥物
11．magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的
12．glory n．光荣；荣誉
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.猛冲
2．(全国卷Ⅰ)“There's a strong need in Paris for communication，” says Maurice Frisch, a café La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.常客
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.take part in参加；参与
2．as well也；又；还
3．play a role in在……中起作用
4．as a matter of fact事实上
5．in charge主管；看管；负责
6．stand for代表；象征；表示
7．pick up拾起；捡起；用车接某人
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
A large number of students took part ①in the school sports meeting，and even some teachers joined in ②as well.The sports meeting was a great success.As③ a matter of fact，headteachers and monitors who were ④in charge of the activity played an important role⑤ in making it a success.
8.take the place of代替……
9．apart from除了
10．make a bargain with 与……达成协议
11．reach the standard达到标准
12．on purpose故意地；蓄意地
13．work out计算出；解决；锻炼身体
14．one after another陆续地；一个接一个地
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
In order to reach⑥ the required standard I take an active part in the English corner and some other after-class activities apart ⑦from English classes，from which I benefit a lot.Besides，I make it a rule to work ⑧out at the gym after school every day.As a result of my excellent performance，I was elected monitor of our class to take the place⑨ of Li Hua.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.“nor/neither＋情态动词/助动词/系动词be＋主语”构成倒装句型，表示“……也不这样”
No other countries could join in，nor could slaves or women！
如果你不参加这次会议，我也不去。
If you don't attend the meeting, nor/neither will I.
2.not only...but (also)．..不仅……而且……
Women are not only allowed，but play a very important role in gymnastics，athletics，team sports and...
(广东卷)锻炼身体不仅有助于我们强身健体，而且反过来有助于更有效地学习。
Taking exercise not only helps to build up our health，but also helps us learn more effectively in turn.
3.as much＋不可数名词＋as...表示同级比较
There's as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.
人们普遍认为，教学是一种科学，也是一门艺术。
It's generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
4.the＋比较级(...)，the＋比较级(...)越……就越……
This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become.
一般来说，一个运动员在赛前训练得越刻苦，他/她获胜的可能性就越大。
Generally speaking, the harder an athlete trains before a match, the more possibly he/she will win.
1.compete vt.比赛；竞争
(1)compete in参加……比赛
compete with/against...for为争取……而与……竞争
(2)competition n．比赛
competitive adj.有竞争力的
competitor n.竞争者；对手
compete in the London marathon
参加伦敦马拉松比赛
compete against other people for the job
和其他人竞争这份工作
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)Life is like a long race where we compete with/against others to go beyond ourselves.
②a.There is now intense competition(compete) between schools to attract students.
b．(北京卷)I want to prove that I can be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors(compete)．
c．Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
[链接写作]——完成句子
(天津卷)我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中竞争。
We can compete with students from other schools in debate contests or speech contests.
2.admit vt.& vi.容许；承认；接纳；容纳
(1)admit (doing/having done) sth.承认(做了) 某事
admit sb./sth.to be＋adj./n.承认……是……
(2)admit sb.into/to...允许某人进入/加入 ……
(3)admission n．准许进入； 入场费； 承认
admit all his mistakes承认了他的全部错误
admit his guilt认罪
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She apologised to me and admitted taking/having taken(take) my umbrella by mistake.
②(四川卷)News came from the school office that Wang Lin had been admitted to/into Peking University.
③Gaining admission(admit) to a key university is seen as a key to future success for some parents.
④(2017·天津卷)She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted (admit) that I hadn't.
[链接写作]——同义句改写
With so much evidence against her，Mary had to admit her mistake.
①With so much evidence against her，Mary had to admit making a mistake．
②With so much evidence against her，Mary had to admit that she had made a mistake．
[名师点津] 双写辅音字母的过去式、过去分词和现在分词
①admit：admitted/admitted/admitting
②permit：permitted/permitted/permitting
③plan: planned/planned/planning
④refer: referred/referred/referring
⑤prefer: preferred/preferred/preferring
3.replace vt.取代；替换；代替；把……放回原处
(1)replace...with/by...用……替换；以……接替
(2)take the place of/take one's place代替
in place of.../in one's place代替
replace the magazines after reading杂志阅读后放回原处
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(安徽卷)It is now easier to replace(replace) an object than to spend time and money to repair it.
②(重庆卷)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.
[链接写作]——一句多译
找一个人来代替现在的经理是不容易的。
①It would be difficult to find a man in place of the present manager.
②It would be difficult to find a man to replace/to take the place of the present manager.
4.charge vt.& vi.收费；控诉；充电 n．费用；主管
(1)charge sb.with sth.因某事控告某人
(2)charge sb.(money) for sth.向某人索取……的费用
(3)free of charge＝for free 免费
in charge (of)主管；负责；照顾
in the charge of(＝in one's charge)由某人负责；由某人管理
take charge of掌管；负责；看管
the person in charge负责人
service charge服务费
an admission charge of $55五十五美元的入场费
criminal charges刑事指控
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2017·江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to charge(charge)．
b．(2017·江苏卷)Far from charging (charge) consumers high prices, many of these services are free.
②a.(安徽卷)—I wonder how much you charge for your services.
—The first two are free while the third costs $30.
b．The man who had taken charge of the company was charged with taking drugs.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①在10英里范围之内，您的订货将免费送货上门。
Your order will be delivered free of charge within a ten-mile limit.
②他不能掌管这个项目，因为这超出了他的能力。
a．The programme can't be in his charge because it is beyond his ability.
b．He can't be in charge of the programme because it is beyond his ability.
[名师点津] charge表示“控告”时，要用charge sb.with sth.，而accuse表达相同意义时，则应用accuse sb.of sth.。
5.deserve vt.&vi.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得；应得
deserve doing＝deserve to be done
值得(被)做
deserve to do sth.
值得做某事；应该做某事
deserve a rest after all that hard work
辛苦劳累那么久，该休息一下了
deserve attention/consideration/sympathy/respect
值得注意/考虑/同情/尊重
deserve blame/punishment 该受责备/惩罚
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves (deserve )our due respect.
②a.It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to be respected (respect)．
b．Maria is constantly making efforts; she deserves to achieve(achieve) the goal of entering the key university.
[链接写作]——一句多译
由于许多野生动物正在逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得注意。
①With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves attention．
②With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation deserves paying attention to/to be paid attention to．
[名师点津] deserve doing是用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于deserve to be done，用法相同的还有need, want和require等。
6.take part in参加；参与
(1)take an active part in...积极参加……
(2)play a part in...在……中起作用
(3)play the part of...扮演……的角色
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
a．(2019·北京卷)Last week I took part in a farmwork programme in the suburbs.
b．Besides dieting，exercising plays an important part in losing weight.
[链接写作]——用下列词汇的适当形式完成下面的小片段(take part in/attend/join/join in)
Many friends came ①to take part in/join in my birthday party yesterday.Some of them began to sing Happy Birthday to me，and soon others ②joined them.We all enjoyed ourselves.We would get up early ③to attend school the next morning，so we had to end the party.
[名师点津] take part in指参与群众性活动、 会议等并在其中起作用；join指加入某个组织并成为其中一员(become a member of)；join(sb.) in指参与某项活动， 口语中常与take part in 通用；attend是正式用语， 指参加会议、 婚礼、 典礼，听报告、 讲座等，一般指成为观众或听众。
7.stand for代表；象征；表示；主张；支持；容忍
(1)stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持
stand out 显著；突出
(2)can't stand sth./doing sth.不能忍受(做)某事
[基础练习]——写出下列句中stand for的含义
①(全国卷)Chinese knots stand for friendship, love and good luck.代表；象征
②He has been acting very strangely these days.I can't stand for his actions at all.忍受；容忍
③We Chinese stand for peace and wish to settle all disputes by peaceful means.主张；拥护
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(湖北卷)这栋刷着红漆的楼非常美观，在楼群中很显眼。
Having been painted red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.
②他是有强烈自尊心的人，因此不能忍受在公共场合被嘲笑。
He is a man of strong self-respect，so he can't stand being laughed at in public.
8.as well也；又；还(常放在句尾，作为副词短语使用)
(1)as well as既……又……(用来连接两个并列成分)；同……一样好
(2)may/might as well do sth.＝ had better do sth.最好做某事；做……倒也无妨
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, was given (give)a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
[链接写作]——词汇升级/句式升级
(普通表达) This training program can give you a lift at work，and increase your income by 40%.(四川卷改编)
(高级表达) This training program can give you a lift at work，as well as increase your income by 40%.
(高级表达)Not only can this training program increase your income by 40% but also give you a lift at work. (not only...but also...及倒装结构)
[名师点津] 当“A as well as B”结构作主语时，谓语动词应与A在人称和数方面保持一致。
9.[教材佳句]No other countries could join in，nor could slaves or women！别的国家不能参加，奴隶和妇女也不能参加！
[句法句式]句中“nor/neither＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”为倒装句型，意为“……也不这样”，表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于后者。
(1)neither/nor＋系动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于后者。
(2)so it is with...或it is the same with...，表示前面出现的两种或几种情况也适合于另一个人或事。
(3)“so＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词”表示说话人同意对方的观点或对前文内容加以强调或肯定。意为“……的确如此”。
(4)“主语＋do＋so”用在上下文中用来避免重复，意为“某人/物那样做了”。
[金句推送] Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and nor/neither will Tom.
简今晚不会和我们一起吃晚饭，汤姆也不会。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(江苏卷)—My room gets very cold at night.
—So does mine.
b．(湖北卷)—Father, you promised!
—Well, so I did．But it was you who didn't keep your word first.
②He doesn't know Louis' address.Neither/Nor do I.
[链接写作]——句式转换
①Tom can speak French and his brother can speak, too.
→Tom can speak French and so can his brother．
②If you don't attend the meeting, I won't, either.
→If you don't attend the meeting, neither will I．
③They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss.So it was with us.
→They didn't finish the task successfully and were scolded by the boss.It was the same with us．
10.[教材佳句]This is important because the more you speak English，the better your English will become.这是很重要的，因为你说英语越多，你的英语就会越好。
[句法句式]句中the more ...the better ...意为“……越多……就越好”。
(1)the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，就越……
(2)比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越……
[金句推送] The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another.
我们拥有的朋友越多， 我们相互学到的东西就越多。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(上海卷)The more stress you are under, the better (good) your performance will be.
b．The more careful you are, the fewer (few) mistakes you will make.
②The harder you work, the greater progress you will make(make)．
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)If you devote more time to practicing your spoken English, it will become more fluent.
(高级表达)The more time you devote to practicing your spoken English, the more fluent it will become.(the more...the more...)
[名师点津] “the＋比较级．.., the＋比较级．..”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(浙江卷)Joe is proud and stubborn，never admitting (admit) he is wrong and always looking for someone else to blame.
2．As everybody knows, the lazier (lazy) a person is, the more things he needs to do tomorrow.
3．All the old computers in village schools will be replaced (replace) with new ones in 2020.
4．It is universally acknowledged that a single woman with brains deserves to have(have) equal opportunities to men.
5．The basketball coach, as well as his team, was interviewed (interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.
7．(陕西卷)Several companies have announced their intention to compete for the construction project.
8．Her big eyes make her stand out in a crowd, so you will recognize her immediately.
9．If you don't plan to stay there long in the coming holiday, nor/neither will I.
10．It's surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．(2018·浙江6月卷) I am very happy to know that you are advertising (advertise) for some volunteers，so I am asking for this job.
12．Therefore，let's take the responsibility (responsible) to build up a low-carbon city by riding bicycles.
13．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you are planning to do exercise regularly(regular)，or you're doing it now，then listen up!
14．It not only gave us a good chance to get close to nature but gave us relaxation from our studies.
15．When we arrived at what used to be called the City of Fog, we found London had completely changed.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P9－10教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Pausanias and Li Yan are talking about the similarities and 1.differences (difference) between the ancient and modern Olympics.The ancient Olympic Games were first held in Athens, in 2.which only men from the Greece had the honour 3.to compete (compete)．The champions were awarded olive wreaths 4.as prizes.The modern Olympics 5.started (start) in 1896.From then on, athletes from all over the world have come to take part in the Games every four years.There are two sets of Games—the Summer 6.and the Winter Olympics.All countries can take part if their athletes reach the standard 7.to be admitted (admit) to the Games.There are over 250 sports.8.To host(host) all the competitors, a special village is usually built, with several stadiums, a gymnasium as well as seats for those who watch the Games.The winners of the first three places 9.are awarded (award) gold, silver and bronze medals.The motto of the Olympic Games is: 10.Swifter (swift), Higher and Stronger.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①奥运五环旗中的五环代表地球上的五大洲。
The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth.
②这意味着任何国家都可以参加奥运会。
This means any country can take part in the Olympic Games．
③只有达到他们各自统一的标准的运动员才会被接受为竞赛选手。
Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors．
④所有的运动员都明白他们越努力，梦想就越近。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
All the athletes are aware that the harder they work, the closer their dreams will become.
⑤志愿者为奥运会提供帮助。
The volunteers offer help for the Olympic Games.
⑥他们也正变得越来越受欢迎。
They are becoming more and more popular as well．
⑦他们做了许多志愿工作，比如，负责所有运动员的食宿问题。
They do a lot of voluntary work，for example，taking charge of the accommodation of all the athletes.
2．升级平淡句
(1)将①②句升级为定语从句
The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth, which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games．
(2)将⑤⑥句升级为定语从句
The volunteers who offer help for the Olympic Games are becoming more and more popular as well.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however，besides)
The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth，which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games. However, only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. All the athletes are aware that the harder they work, the closer their dreams will become. Besides, the volunteers who offer help for the Olympic Games are becoming more and more popular as well. They do a lot of voluntary work，for example，taking charge of the accommodation of all the athletes.
课件88张PPT。必修2Unit 2 The Olympic Games诵读话题经典With the stadium set up With time going on becomingstronger and stronger 构建知识体系homeland
replace
charge
physical
bargaindeserve
fine
medal
host
ancientto replace medals hosted Charged fined regulation competition competitive competitor admission responsible voluntary advertisement advertiser painful painless hopeless hopeful volunteers volunteer voluntary competitors competitive competing competition responsible responsibility Advertisers advertisements advertise hopeless hopes 座右铭；格言；警句 相像性；相似点 基础；根据 运动员；运动选手 现今；现在 (露天大型)体育场 奴隶 快的；迅速的 海报；招贴 吉祥物 巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的 光荣；荣誉 猛冲 常客 take part in as well play a role in as a matter of fact in charge stand for pick up in as a in in take the place of apart from make a bargain with reach the standard on purpose work out one after another the from out of nor/neither will I not only helps to buildup our health but also helps uslearn as much an art as the harder the more 突破思维瓶颈with/against competition competitors competitive compete with students from other schools in taking/having taken to/into admission admitted admit making a mistake admit that she had made a mistake to replace with/by in place of to replace/to take the place of to charge charging for of with free of charge in his charge in charge of deserves respecting/to be respected to achieve deserves attention deserves paying attention to/to be paid attention to in in to take part in/join in joined to attend代表；象征 忍受；容忍 主张；拥护 stands out can't stand beinglaughed at was given as well as Not only can this training program increase yourincome by 40% but also give you a lift at work. does did Neither/Nor so can his brother neither will I It was the same with us better fewer will make The more time you devote to practicing your spoken English, the more fluent it will become. 强化运用技能admitting lazier be replaced to have was interviewed as for out nor/neither up are advertising responsibility regularly but what differences which to compete as started and to be admitted To host are awarded Swifter stand for the fivecontinents take part in the Olympic Games will be admitted as competitors the harder the closer The volunteers offer help as well taking charge of stand for the five continents on the earth, which means any country can take part in the Olympic GamesThe volunteers who offer help for the Olympic Games are becoming more and more popular as well. The five rings on the Olympic flag stand for the five continents on the earth，which means any country can take part in the Olympic Games. However, only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. All the athletes are aware that the harder they work, the closer their dreams will become. Besides, the volunteers who offer help for the Olympic Games are becoming more and more popular as well. They do a lot of voluntary work，for example，taking charge of the accommodation of all the athletes.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(七)
Unit 2 The Olympic Games
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
The World Cup is the largest international sport 1.competition (compete). Soccer teams from different countries fight fiercely for 2.admission (admit) to the finals. Many people are involved in 3.voluntary (volunteer) work to make sure everything goes smoothly. The host country has a particular 4.responsibility (responsible) to ensure the security of all athletes. Companies put 5.advertisements (advertise) on the venues (赛场) to promote products or services by 6.regularly (regular) sponsoring the event.
B
WTO stands 7.for the World Trade Organization, which is the only body 8.in charge of making global trade rules. With China admitted 9.to/into WTO, Chinese enterprises have to take part 10.in world economic activities 11.on a fair and equal basis. If the government carries on trade protection to its enterprises, it will be charged 12.with breaking WTO agreements. The enterprises will be faced with a severe punishment 13.as well.
C
I have no idea how the ancient Olympics started, neither do I know 14.how often they held their Games. But I do know something else. At that time no other 15.countries(country) except Greece could join in the Games, 16.nor could slaves or women. It 17.sounds (sound) unbelievable to today's young people. Now 18.whoever has reached the agreed standard for a certain event will be admitted to the Olympics. All athletes are aware of the fact that 19.the harder they work, the 20.closer (close) they will get to their dreams.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．你练习得越多，理解得就越好。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
The more you practise, the better you can understand.
2．他生来就有残疾，但他从不沮丧，也从未屈服于任何困难。(部分倒装)
He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor did he give in to any difficulty.
3．它不仅给了我们接近大自然的机会，而且让我们在学习之余得到放松。(not only...but also...)
It not only gave us a good chance to get close to nature but also gave us relaxation from our study.
4．首先保持一种开放的思想，因为每个人的想法都值得考虑。(deserve)
What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve consideration/deserve considering/deserve to be considered．
5．参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。(动名词短语作主语)
Taking part in the English speech competition is a helpful way to learn English.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·郑州一中入学摸底测试)Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it's long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner's high” , a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins they changed. However, when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug, the runner's high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out，” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on a science blog.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it's already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK's National Health Service even prescribes(开药方)exercise for patients who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的) depression，” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don't fully understand where it comes from. At least if we're feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
【语篇解读】 本文主要探究了影响运动者情绪高涨的因素。
1．What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat
depression.
B．The runner's high could be caused by endocanna-
binoids.
C．Endorphins may contribute to one's high spirits after running.
D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one's mood.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段“According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids(内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling”可知，德国一些大学的科学家们最近发现了跑步后的快感是由内源性大麻素引起的，故选B。]
2．The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to ．
A．find what reduces the runner's high symptoms
B．see the specific symptoms of the runner's high
C．identify what is responsible for the runner's high
D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
C [推理判断题。根据对第二段和第三段的整体理解，并结合第四段“To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice”可推知，科学家们拿老鼠做实验是为了确定究竟是哪种物质会引起跑步者的情绪高涨，故选C。]
3．The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to ．
A．effect B．goal
C．question D．belief
D [词义猜测题。根据对全文内容的理解可知，该词所在句子与第二段“But while it's long been believed that endorphins(内啡肽)—chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called ‘runner's high’， a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew”呼应，并结合本句结构可推知，此处notion与believed相呼应，故选D。]
4．According to the UK's National Health Service, regular workouts ．
A．are the best way to treat depression
B．can help ease depression symptoms
C．only work for those with serious depression
D．can help people completely recover from depression
B [细节理解题。根据倒数第三、四段和倒数第二段第二句“Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate(中等的)depression”可知，常规锻炼有利于情绪好转，缓解抑郁症状，故选B。]
B
(2019·昆明市摸底调研)Nine months ago, I was packing my daughter's backpack with new school supplies, wondering how I was going to send her off to kindergarten. I stood on the playground, tears pouring down my face because I wasn't ready for this first day of kindergarten—but she was ready. Today I will be standing on the playground, once again with tears, because this precious time went by too quickly. This week I realized that I never told you “thank you”. I don't know how to express a mother's thanks in the way a teacher deserves.
We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of teacher we would appreciate forever. While the students lined up for the day, you touched each one on the shoulder as you greeted them. If a student was having a tough morning, you quietly held his hand and walked him into the school.
I got to know you as I volunteered in the lunch room. You made sure your students were all ready for lunch before you went on your own lunch break. You kept track of their big things and small things, because as a veteran kindergarten teacher, you know that the small things are the big things. I loved the way you made each student feel special. You helped them fall in love with school, which is so important at the start.
To all of the teachers in the world who are like you, I wish you knew how grateful parents are for you. We adore you, respect you, and appreciate you. We don't tell you enough—we probably don't tell you ever. I wish we could take you with us to the next 12 grades.
【语篇解读】 本文主要描述了一位幼儿妈妈表达对幼儿园老师的感激。
5．Why did the author's tears come down on her daughter's first day of kindergarten?
A．She hadn't made full preparations for her daughter.
B．Her daughter wasn't willing to go to kindergarten.
C．She felt worried about her daughter's being away.
D．Her daughter wasn't familiar with the teachers.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I stood on the playground, tears pouring down my face because I wasn't ready for this first day of kindergarten—but she was ready”可知，作者落泪的原因是自己心里未做好面对孩子离开自己去上幼儿园的事实的准备。故C项为正确答案。根据第一段首句中的“Nine months ago, I was packing my daughter's backpack with new school supplies”可知，作者对孩子入园前的各项物品的准备是充分的，故A项错误 ；B、D两项均为无中生有。]
6．The author noticed the teacher's characteristics when ．
A．she stood on the playground
B．she was at the open house
C．she said goodbye to the teacher
D．she worked as a teacher at lunch time
B [细节理解题。根据第二段首句“We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of teacher we would appreciate forever”可知，在开学前一周的校园开放参观日当天，作者就看出了孩子的老师将会是自己永远感激的人。]
7．What does the underlined word “veteran” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Beautiful. B．Generous.
C．Skillful. D．Humorous.
C [词义猜测题。根据第三段的内容可知，老师关注孩子们的大小事，并且深知幼儿园无小事。由此可推知，这是一位经验丰富的幼儿老师，故画线词与C项“熟练的”词义相近。A项意为“美丽的”，B项意为“慷慨的”，D项意为“幽默的”，均与语境不符。]
8．What is this text mainly about?
A．Good wishes to a kindergarten teacher.
B．Sincere thanks to a kindergarten teacher.
C．A sweet memory of kindergarten life.
D．A kid's daily behavior in the kindergarten.
B [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文是一位幼儿妈妈表达对老师的感激，故选B项。A项“对幼儿园老师的美好祝愿”，C项“幼儿园生活的美好回忆”，D项“一个孩子在幼儿园的日常行为”，均与文意不符。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·太原市阶段性测评)VAR technology has been used in U．S. sports for years. Now it is fully combined with the global game of football and made its debut(首次亮相) at the 2018 World Cup this summer. 1 . It is actually a team who work together to review certain decisions made by the main referee(裁判) by watching video replays.
The VAR team support the referees from a centralized video operation room. The operators select and provide the best angles from relevant broadcast cameras plus two additional offside cameras. 2 . They will communicate with the referee only for clear and obvious errors or serious missed incidents. The referee can delay the restart of play at any time to communicate with the VAR team. 3 ， the referee would start an official review. Then they will make a decision based on the information received from the VAR team.
4 . Some fans believe that VAR causes too many interruptions, disrupting the flow of the game. But others just want a fair match and to see the correct call no matter what. They argue disruptions already take place as angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision. 5 . With much money put into modern football, governing bodies are now under great pressure to see that the correct decisions are made on the pitch and VAR is a sure step in that.
A．If one team is likely to win a game
B．VAR stands for video assistant referee
C．It is hard to avoid and VAR is necessary
D．Once they decide an incident is reviewable
E．Throughout a match they are constantly checking for mistakes
F．The use of video technology is a hot topic among football watchers
G．VAR can serve to remove such scenes and get the game moving again
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了VAR在足球比赛中的应用，以及由此而引起的一些争议。
1．B [上文是说多年来，VAR技术已经应用于美国的运动中，现在它已经完全与全球的足球比赛结合起来，而且在2018年的世界杯中首次亮相，而空后是说它实际是一个通过观看视频重放来审查主裁判的某些决定的团队，故B项“VAR代表着视频助理裁判”符合语境，衔接上下文，故选B。]
2．E [根据空后一句“They will communicate...serious missed incidents”可知，他们会为清晰而明显的错误或错过的事件和裁判沟通，E项“他们在整场比赛中持续检查错误”符合语境，故选E。]
3．D [根据空后的“the referee would start an official review”可知，裁判将启动一个官方的审查，与D项中的“reviewable”呼应，故选D。]
4．F [根据空处所在位置以及该段叙述的球迷对VAR在比赛中应用的一些看法可推知，F项“视频技术的应用在足球观看者之中是一个热点话题”概括了本段的内容，故选F。]
5．G [根据空前的“angry players crowd around a referee following a controversial decision”可知，此处描述了一个球赛中的场景，G项中的“such scenes”与之呼应，故选G。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·成都市毕业班第一次诊断性检测)It's time to stop talking and get walking. As a popular and 1.________(grow) format of the game，Walking Football is aimed at encouraging older adults to play football again on a regular basis.
As simple as the name suggests，Walking Football is 2.________(definite) just playing football at walking pace. But don't let that fool you. It carries all the emotion，passion and excitement of a regular game and still 3.________(require) skills such as accurate passing，good positional play and strong tactical knowledge.
The game is small-sided，4.________ no running on or off the ball，very little contact and kick-ins instead of throw-ins. With less stress on the body and no real sudden change of direction or cutting movements，the game allows every 5.________(participate) to play without anxiety.
It has become increasingly popular and is designed to help people keep 6.________ active lifestyle，as well as to support getting people who have stopped playing due to age 7.________ injury back to football.
Since Middlesex FA launched Walking Football in 2014，we 8.________(have) over 300 players take part in the sport and now run over 20 sessions on a 9.______ (week)basis.
Ready to play? 10.________(find) your nearest session using the map below.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项体育运动——Walking Football。
1．growing [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处与and之前的形容词popular是并列关系，共同修饰其后的名词format，故应填growing“增长的”。]
2．definitely [考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰副词just，故应用副词definitely。]
3．requires [考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，and前后是并列的成分，此处应与carries形式相同，故填requires。]
4．with [考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处是with的复合结构，即with＋名词＋介词短语的形式，在句子中作状语，与下文中的“With less stress on the body”结构相呼应。]
5．participant [考查词形转换。allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”，是固定用法，又因为空前为every，故此处应用表示人的名词的单数形式，即participant。]
6．an [考查冠词。根据语境可知，lifestyle是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰；又active的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]
7．or [考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“或者”，故用表示选择关系的连词or。]
8．have had [考查动词的时态。根据本句中的Since可知，主句应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，即have had。]
9．weekly [考查形容词。根据空前的冠词a和空后的名词basis可知，此处应用形容词weekly。]
10．Find [考查祈使句。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是“动词原形放句首＋句子其他成分”结构的祈使句，表示建议，故用Find。]
