三言
两语
1.Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.
2．Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.
3．In the meantime, people nationwide are taking an active part in raising funds for the disaster area/ people nationwide are actively donating money to the disaster area.
1.尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支持被这次最严重的大灾难袭击的地区。
In spite of this, the government called on the whole nation to support the area hit by the worst disaster．
2．此外，市政府及时采取各种紧急的措施解救被雪灾困住的群众，确保一切尽快恢复正常。
Besides, the city government took all kinds of urgent measures to rescue the people trapped in the snowstorm to ensure that everything would return to normal as soon as possible.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.burst vi.爆裂； 爆发
n．突然破裂； 爆发
2．disaster n．灾难； 灾祸
3．rescue n．& vt.援救； 营救
4．bury vt.埋葬； 掩埋； 隐藏
5．destroy vt.破坏； 毁坏； 消灭
6．damage n．& vt.损失； 损害
7．ruin n．废墟； 毁灭
vt.毁灭； 使破产
8．trap vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱； 困境
9．electricity n．电； 电流； 电学
10．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)．
2．(湖北卷)Right after he was_rescued(rescue) by the soldiers from the ruins，he saluted and smiled to them.
3．With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
4．If it hadn't been for your timely help，we would_be_trapped (trap) in a dilemma now.
5._Disasters(disaster) such as earthquakes and floods are not caused by human beings.
拓
展
单
词
1.extreme adj.极度的→ extremely adv.极度地
2．judge n．裁判员； 法官 vt.断定； 判断； 判决→ judgement n．意见； 判断力； 审判
3．injure vt.损害； 伤害→ injury n．伤害； 损害→injured adj.受伤的
4．nation n．民族； 国家； 国民→ national adj.国家的； 民族的
5．frighten vt.使惊吓； 吓唬→ frightened adj.受惊的； 受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6．congratulate vt.祝贺→ congratulation n．祝贺； (复数) 贺词
7．dirt n．污垢； 泥土→dirty adj.脏的； 肮脏的
8．suffer vt.& vi.遭受； 忍受→ suffering n．苦难； 痛苦→ sufferer n．患者； 受害者
9．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊； 震动 n．休克； 打击； 震惊→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.震惊的
10．survive vt.& vi.幸存； 幸免于→ survivor n．幸存者； 生还者； 残存物
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)
2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．Judging from his looks，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge points out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
5．In the terrible crash of the school bus，many children were injured，and even some suffered severe injuries to their heads and arms.The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)
阅
读
单
词
1.canal n．运河；水道
2．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
3．event n．事件；大事
4．outline n．要点；大纲；轮廓
5．headline n．报刊的大字标题
6.track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹
7．well n．井
8．pipe n．管；导管
9．steam n．蒸汽；水汽
10．quake n．震动；地震
11.crack n．裂缝；噼啪声
vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂
12．smelly adj.发臭的；有臭味的
13．dam n．水坝；堰堤
14．mine n．矿；矿山；矿井
15．bar n．条；棒；条状物
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s.跟踪(进展情况)
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.刻苦钻研；研究
3．(重庆卷)He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs.使免于；庇护
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.right away立刻；马上
2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
3．a (great) number of 许多；大量的
4．judging from从……判断
5．be trapped in陷入
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
①A great number of firefighters were sent to the scene right ②away．The fire spread so quickly that the building lay ③in ruins in no time.Judging ④from the situation，many people were trapped ⑤in the fire.The firefighters did all they could to put out the fire and tried to carry the trapped people out.
6.think little/nothing of认为……没什么了不起
7．at an end结束；终结
8．dig out掘出；发现
9．be proud of以……而自豪
10．be buried in埋头于
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
I paid a visit to my cousin before my holiday was nearly ⑥at an end.When I came in，he was buried ⑦in reviewing his lessons in his study.He got good grades in the final exam and his parents were proud ⑧of him.However，he thought nothing ⑨of what he had achieved.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义
In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
(2018·北京卷)正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。
As the saying goes, “One is never too old to learn”.
2.It seems/seemed as if...看起来好像……
It seemed as if the world was at an end！
这个讲故事的人以一种生动的方式给我们讲故事，好像他亲身经历过的一样。
The storyteller was telling us a story in a vivid way as if he had experienced it himself.
3.部分否定：all...not...并非所有的……都……
All hope was not lost.
最近的一项调查表明，在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。
A recent survey shows that all the students in our school don't take physical exercise in their spare time.
1.burst vt.& vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
(1)burst out＋doing＝burst into＋n.突然……起来
burst into 闯入
burst in 闯进来；插话
(2)burst with joy/happiness/anger非常高兴/勃然大怒
burst into cheers爆发出欢呼声
burst in on a meeting打断会议
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
b．He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
②Hearing that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息， 这对夫妇突然哭起来。
(普通表达)When they heard the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears/burst out crying.
(高级表达)Hearing the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears/burst out crying. (分词短语作状语)
2.ruin n．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃 [C](pl.) 废墟；遗迹 v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭
(1)in ruins成为废墟
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己； 自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉
ruin the table cloth 弄脏了那块桌布
ruin our friendship破坏了我们的友谊
the ruin of civilization文明的毁灭
financial ruin破产
the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining(ruin) the atmosphere of peace?
b．It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.
②When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。
(普通表达)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it made us awake all night.
(高级表达)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night．(非限制性定语从句)
3.bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心
be buried in＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought沉思
bury his face in his hands双手掩面
buried treasure埋藏的财宝
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying(bury) her head in the book in her hands.
②a.He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
b．When I entered the room, I found him burying (bury) his face in his hands.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
由于他埋头于书本，他没注意到其他人已经离开了。
(普通表达)Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left.
(高级表达)Burying himself in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语)
(高级表达)Buried in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语)
[名师点津] 表示“埋头于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to＝devote oneself to专心于；致力于
be absorbed in全神贯注于；专心于
concentrate on集中精力于；专心于
focus on集中精力于；专心于
fix one's attention on全神贯注于；专心于
occupy oneself in doing/with＝be occupied with 专心于；忙于
4.judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官
(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断……
judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断
(2)as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为
(3)judgement n．裁决；评价
judge a case判案
judge sb. guilty判某人有罪
not to judge people不要对他人品头论足
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged (judge)．
②Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we shouldn't judge a book by/from its cover.
③She showed a lack of judgement(judge) when she gave Mark the important job.
[链接写作]——完成句子
(2017·江苏卷)我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。
As far as I can judge, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.
[名师点津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
5.at an end结束；终结
(1)at the end of在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of到……结束时；
到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end最后；终于
(2)come to an end结束
put/bring sth.to an end 结束……
put an end to sth.结束；终结……
(3)end up结果为……；最终为……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
②They didn't know how to put an end to the heated quarrel.
③His newly written novel had been translated(translate) into English by the end of last month.
④(2019·忻州联考)I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being praised (praise) for my honesty.
[链接写作]——用end的相关短语完成小片段
①At the end of (在……末端) the meeting，the general manager said in a loud voice，“We've tried hard to solve the financial problem，and ②in the end (终于) we've succeeded.So ③by the end of (到……结束时) next week，the bad situation will ④come to an end (结束) and everything will be all right.”
6.a (great) number of许多；大量的
(1)＋可数名词复数
(2)＋不可数名词
(3)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
a．(2019·浙江卷) In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen(fall) by more than 55 percent.
b．(山东卷)A number of high buildings have arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(江苏卷)随着学习英语的人越来越多， 在中文语境里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。
As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.
②(广东卷)一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。
A great deal/amount of money was donated to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
[名师点津] a number of意为“若干；许多”；后接名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；the number of意为“……的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式。
7.[教材佳句]It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
[句法句式]句中as if ＝ as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。
(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
as if
[金句推送] The woman loves the children deeply as if she were their mother.
这个妇女深爱这些孩子，就好像她是他们的妈妈一样。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going(go) to move in two minutes.
②More generally，the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.
③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it?
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.
(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if looking for something．(省略句)
(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.
(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if criticized by the teacher．(省略句)
[名师点津] 如果as if引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中用be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“as if/as though＋adj./adv./介词短语/to do/doing/done”。
8.[教材佳句]All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
[句法句式]句中all ...not为部分否定，意为“并非都……”，有时也可用“Not all ...”表示。
(1)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。
(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。
[金句推送] It's impossible for all the people to get the jobs because all of them are not fit for them.所有人都得到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有的人都适合这些工作。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with everything．
②(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.
[链接写作]——一句多译
(2019·重庆适应性测试)事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。
①The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time management.
②The truth is that everyone is not attaching great importance to time management.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Now a great many college graduates are (be) seeking for high-paid jobs.But a large number of them are (be) often not able to find a suitable post.
2．We had intended to take a two-day trip, but we were too busy to afford (afford) it.
3．School started, but with time going by I felt as if I were (be) in a foreign country.
4．When she heard the news that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying (cry)．
5．After very careful consideration, I decided to take a risk based on my own judgment(judge)．
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．It had gotten very cold, and I guessed the good weather was at an end.
7．(2019·北京东城一模)My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.
8．The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.
9．He was often found buried in his work whenever I came here.
10．Our English teacher is excellent, but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．George is organized, easy-going, hard-working, and intelligent.In a word, I can't think too highly of him.
12．On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.
13．The temple completely destroyed (destroy) by the fire last night was built a long time ago.
14．A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.
15．Although it was an extremely (extreme) difficult and dangerous task, he was determined to finish it.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P26教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in which thousands of people died and many 1.were injured (injure)．Many houses 2.fell (fall) down and sand filled the wells instead of water.People were greatly 3.shocked (shock)．All the electricity in the city was cut 4.off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city was 5.completely (complete) destroyed and the world seemed 6.at its end.
The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150, 000 soldiers were sent 7.to help (help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those 8.who were trapped.Workers built shelters for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.Slowly, the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside.The water in the village wells 9.rose (rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of 10.them (they)．
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。水管爆裂，电力中断。
One night, everything began to shake, the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off．
②无论走到哪里，我们都能看见一切都已经变成了废墟。
Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins．
③仿佛到了世界末日！
It seemed as if the world was at an end!
④有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。
Some people were injured; some were buried in the ruins.
⑤士兵们立刻前来救援。他们救出了一些被困在废墟中的人，并将死者掩埋。
The soldiers came to the rescue right away．They saved some people trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.
⑥在灾难面前，他们非常愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。
They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters．
⑦我们再怎么赞扬他们也不为过。
We can't think too highly of them.
2．升级平淡句
(1)把句⑤升级为定语从句
The soldiers came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.
(2)用状语从句合并句⑥和句⑦
They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can't think too highly of them．
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so)
One night, everything began to shake, the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Some people were injured；some were buried in the ruins. The soldiers came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can't think too highly of them.
课件79张PPT。必修1Unit4 Earthquakes诵读话题经典hit by the worst disaster trapped in would return to normal 构建知识体系burst
disaster
rescue
bury
destroydamage
ruin
trap
electricity
sincerelydestroyed was rescued buried would be trapped Disasters extremelyjudgementinjuryinjurednationalfrightenedfrighteningcongratulationdirtysufferingsufferershockingshockedsurvivorfrightenedfrighteningcongratulate congratulations Judging judge judged shocked shocking injured injuries injured 运河；水道 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处 事件；大事 要点；大纲；轮廓 报刊的大字标题 轨道；足迹；痕迹 井 管；导管 蒸汽；水汽 震动；地震 裂缝；噼啪声 (使)开裂；破裂 发臭的；有臭味的 水坝；堰堤 矿；矿山；矿井 条；棒；条状物 跟踪(进展情况) 刻苦钻研；研究 使免于；庇护right away
in ruins
a (great) number of
judging from
be trapped inA away in from in think little/nothing of
at an end
dig out
be proud of
be buried inat in of of too old to learn as if he had experienced all the students in our school don't take physical exercise 突破思维瓶颈in into with burst into tears/burst out crying Hearing the bad news burst into tears/burst out crying ruining ruining in in ruins which made us awake all night burying buried burying buried himself in/was buried in Burying himself in his book Buried in his book judged Judging by/from judgement As far as I can judgeat to had been translated being praised At the end of in the end by the end of come to an end has fallen have arisen As the number of English learners is on the riseA great deal/amount of money was donated to is going were had done as if looking for something as if criticized by the teacher everything nobody not everyone is attaching great importance to everyone is not attaching great importance to 强化运用技能are are to afford were crying judgment at whose to in in everyone of congratulations destroyed to rescue extremely were injured fell shocked off completely at to help who rose them the electricity cut off lay in ruins It seemed as if was at an end were injured were buried came to the rescue right away trapped under the ruins in the face of disasters think too highly of came to the rescue right away, saved some peoplewho were trapped under the ruins in the face ofdisasters, so we can't think too highly of them One night, everything began to shake, the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Some people were injured；some were buried in the ruins. The soldiers came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can't think too highly of them.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(四)
Unit 4 Earthquakes
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Due to the 1.destruction (destroy) of their natural habitat, wild animals in this area are being endangered. To avoid any serious 2.injury (injure) to wildlife, a nature reserve was built last month. Our local government received many letters of 3.congratulation (congratulate) from all walks of life. Many people donated money as an 4.expression (express) of appreciation and support. According to a 5.judgment (judge) made by some experts, this reserve would have an 6.extremely (extremely) positive effect on the local eco-system.
B
The landslide left the whole village 7.in ruins, which was a great shock to us. Several people died and 8.a number of them were trapped in collapsed houses. All food supplies were 9.at an end. This disaster could have been avoided, but the villagers thought little 10.of the risk. Now, led by the government, the villagers are carrying out self-help recovery, digging 11.out their belongings buried in the mud and getting back the lost animals. The village is returning to normal.
C
Some students, most of whom are girls, become too stressed 12.to sleep (sleep) well the night before an important exam. However, 13.all teachers are not skilled at helping them stay calm and relaxed. Some teachers even completely ignore this fact as if it never 14.existed (exist). Experienced teachers will say something like “You can do it! You're the best.” Everywhere they encounter a nervous student，these encouraging words do help build up his/her confidence.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。(be doing...when)
I was walking along the street when I heard my name called.
2．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不同意全部内容。(部分否定)
I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with everything．
3．噪音似乎是从楼下传过来的。(as if)
It seems as if the noise comes from downstairs.
4．正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。(as)
The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
5．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶燃烧着就出去了。(leave复合结构)
His house caught fire, because he went out but left the stove burning in the kitchen.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Super-storm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States three years ago. The wind-driven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region's subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Super-storm Sandy caused an estimated $ 19 billion in damage. Much of the flood-waters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a built-in, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamper-proof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people don't intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述三年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。
1．What's the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The fun_ction of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
D [段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。]
2．Which of the following words best describes the two teens' new invention?
A．Costly. B．Time-saving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一、第二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement”他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很方便。故选C。]
3．What's the purpose of designing the tamper-proof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
C [细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。]
4．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
A [文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。]
B
(2019·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)It took multiple weddings for Christine Law to realize what she needed to do. In the summer of 2014, her schedule was packed with friends' marriage celebrations—flower-filled occasions that got her thinking, “Where do all the flowers go after the party？” More often than not, they were thrown away. Law was confident she could find a better use for them.
By August, she had a plan：convince couples and companies hosting events to donate their flowers, which she would pick up and deliver within 48 hours to seniors across the city. She wanted to bring beauty into the lives of the elderly. She drew on her experience through being a volunteer in non-profit institutions in order to set up her own organization, which she called Floranthropie. Not having enough bouquets(花束) for all 150 people of a health center, Law asked the staff to provide a list of patients who needed cheering up most, “The first woman I approached thought it was a mistake, and that the flowers couldn't possibly be for her，” says Law. “I said they were a gift, and we talked for a half hour.”
In addition to health centers, Floranthropie focuses on community groups devoted to the elderly. La?titia Thélème is a volunteer for Les Petits Fières, an organization that aims to help the elderly who don't have a support system. The group receives a dozen or so bouquets from Floranthropie monthly, and then redistributes them. “Our motto is ‘flowers before bread’，” says Thélème. “We don't focus on primary care, but rather on nourishing(滋养) the spirit. Floranthropie helps us do that. It's amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make.”
In the beginning, most of Floranthropie's donations came through word of mouth. These days, Law receives messages from strangers via her organization's Facebook page and has connected with corporations and flower wholesalers. Law hopes to expand Floranthropie nationally, but at this point is happy to be able to oversee each delivery personally.
【语篇解读】 该文讲述了Christine Law把婚礼上用过的花送给老人们，为他们的生活增加美的享受，她的做法得到了很多人的支持。
5．What made Christine Law set up Floranthropie?
A．The waste of flowers.
B．The loneliness of seniors.
C．The persuasion of other friends.
D．The warm atmosphere of weddings.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘Where do all the flowers go after the party？’ More often than not, they were thrown away. Law was confident she could find a better use for them”可知，婚礼上使用过的花束的浪费使Christine Law成立了Floranthropie这个机构。故选A。]
6．What was the woman's reaction to Christine Law's flowers?
A．She was moved.
B．She was excited.
C．She was worried.
D．She was surprised.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The first woman I approached thought it was a mistake, and that the flowers couldn't possibly be for her”可推知，当Christine Law给第一位女士送花时，她感到难以置信、相当惊讶。故选D。]
7．What can we infer about Floranthropie from La?titia Thélème's words?
A．It should focus on primary care.
B．It is benefiting more than the elderly.
C．It is doing something of great importance.
D．It should cooperate with more non-profit institutions.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Floranthropie helps us do that. It's amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make”可推知，La?titia Thélème认为 Floranthropie做的事产生了很大影响，故C项符合文意。]
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Volunteer Your Time
B．Don't Throw Flowers Away
C．Special Delivery Makes Your Day
D．Brighten Seniors' Lives With Flowers
D [标题判断题。本文主要讲述了Christine Law为了不浪费婚礼上用过的花，把花送给老人们，给他们的生活带来了美。故D项适合作文章标题。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·重庆市质量调研抽测)
Ways to Get Your Kids into Nature
Being in nature for kids has tremendous health benefits. There are many ways you can incorporate nature into your children's lives, even if you live in the city.
Inspire curiosity by being curious yourself. A parent's excitement can be spread to the children, and when you show respect for nature, your children follow suit. 1 . “I don't know! Let's find out together.” is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling. Be open to a mutual adventure and allow your curious inner child to come out while you explore nature with your children.
2 . If you have to carpool(拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window. The early morning fall skies are beautiful with color and migrating birds. After all, even views of nature from the car window are calming and beneficial.
Stop thinking about nature time as leisure time. Time in nature is an essential investment in your children's health and well-being. If you view nature time as essential to good health, you will be more likely to engage in it. 3 ， nurturing creativity and wonder is part of your responsibility as parents.
Look at the stars. Visit your local observatory, and then drive out of the city some morning or evening for your own stargazing (天体观察) with a blanket and telescope. Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe. 4 ．
Plant a small garden. 5 . Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth.
A．Limit electronic devices while driving
B．Encourage questions you don't know the answers to
C．If you want to raise your healthy, well-balanced children
D．If you have the space, help your children plant a few vegetables
E．It will teach teamwork, pride in the community, and family togetherness
F．If your child is interested, encourage him to get involved in the community
G．Allow yourself to think about it, and talk to your children about that wonder
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。
1．B [根据下文中的“‘I don't know! Let's find out together.’ is a wonderful way to get the ball rolling”，并与上文中的“Inspire curiosity”呼应可推知，此处表示鼓励孩子一起探索你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起好奇心，故选B项。]
2．A [根据空后一句“If you have to carpool (拼车) in the morning, turn off the devices instead and encourage your children to look out of the window”可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选A项。]
3．C [承接上文“Time in nature is an essential investment in your children's health and well-being”和空后的“nurturing creativity...as parents”可推知，如果想要培养出健康、明智的孩子，培养他们的创造性和好奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。]
4．G [根据上文“Observing the stars offers a deeper and wider understanding of the universe”可推知，和孩子一起观察星空能够加深对自然界的理解，与G项呼应，故选G项。]
5．D [承接上文“Plant a small garden”，并与下文“Bean and pea plants grow quickly and can be eaten when mature, so teach your children about food and the wonder of growth”呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开辟一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选D项。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·武汉调研)World Sleep Day falls on March 16. This year's theme concerns sleep and women.
More women suffer from insomnia (失眠) than men, but only 4 percent of them go to a doctor to get help. A Beijing newspaper 1.________(report) recently.A study by 2.________international organization in the paper said that women 3.________(age) 30 to 60 sleep six hours and 41 minutes a day 4.________ average.
Young people have also been shown to suffer from a lack of sleep. Statistics from a Chinese medical research centre show that in 5.________(city) like Beijing and Shanghai, 40 percent of young people suffer from insomnia, and 80 percent suffer from great tiredness due to poor quality sleep.
Experts blame heavy 6.________(press) and competition at work for poor 7.________(sleep) habits. The long-term effects can be unhappiness, anxiety and depression, 8.________ can in turn lead to chronic illnesses(慢性病), 9.________(especial) in women.
There are, however, a couple of tricks for getting a good sleep, such as maintaining an optimistic attitude, keeping a regular, 10.________(day) routine, or finding time for sports. Also, you can develop healthy habits, such as keeping the bedroom clean and avoiding tea, coffee, or wine before sleeping.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发现，许多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的原因及其解决方法。
1．reported [考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。]
2．an [考查不定冠词。根据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且international的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]
3．aged [考查形容词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“women”的后置定语，应用age的形容词形式aged，表示“年龄介于三十到六十岁的女性”。]
4．on [考查固定搭配。on average为固定搭配，意为“平均”。该句意为：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的研究表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。]
5．cities [考查名词单复数。根据该句中的“like Beijing and Shanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故用cities。]
6．pressure [考查名词。根据该句中“and competition”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故用press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。]
7．sleeping [考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故用形容词sleeping。]
8．which [考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness, anxiety and depression”，故用关系代词which引导该定语从句。]
9．especially [考查副词。空处修饰短语“in women”，故用副词形式。]
10．daily [考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词“routine”，表示“日常生活”，故用day的形容词形式daily。]
