三言
两语
1.I write this letter to apply for the position that you have advertised in China Daily of April 2nd.
2．As for my personality，I think I'm very honest and have a strong sense of responsibility.
3．Not only has he displayed courage, but also he has proved himself to be a reliable person.
1.亚伯拉罕·林肯，一位穷人家的孩子，出生在肯塔基。
Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky.
2．正是他们的鼓励使我的学习稳步前进。
It was their encouragement that resulted in my slow but steady progress.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.quality n．质量； 品质； 性质
2．beg vi.请求；乞求
3．stage n．舞台； 阶段； 时期
4．opinion n．意见； 看法； 主张
5．reward n．报酬； 奖金
vt.酬劳； 奖赏
6．found vt.建立； 建设
7．attack vt.进攻； 攻击； 抨击
8．escape vi.&vt.逃脱； 逃走； 避开
9．vote vt.& vi.投票； 选举
n．投票； 选票； 表决
10．generous adj.慷慨的； 大方的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is one of the best universities in China.
2．They managed to_escape (escape) from the burning building by breaking open the door.
3．The government rewarded (reward) him for saving the old man in the well last week.
4．We may have different opinions (opinion) in organizing class activities.
5．It shocked her to hear that her good friend was_attacked (attack) with cancer.
拓
展
单
词
1.active adj.积极的； 活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动
2．devote vt.献身； 专心于→devoted adj.忠实的； 深爱的→devotion n．关爱； 献身； 奉献； 忠诚
3．peace n．和平； 平静； 和睦→peaceful adj.和平的； 平静的； 安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地
4．legal adj.法律的； 依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词) 非法的； 违法的
5．hopeful adj.怀有希望的； 有希望的→hopefully adv.有希望地→hopeless adj.没有希望的
6．violent adj.暴力的； 猛烈的→violence n．暴力； 暴行→_violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地
7．equal adj.相等的； 平等的→equality n．平等； 相等→equally adv.同样地； 相等地； 公平地
8．fair adj.公正的； 公平的→unfair adj.不公正的； 不公平的
9．educate vt.教育； 训练→educated adj.受过教育的； 有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者； 教育家
10．cruel adj.残忍的→cruelty n．残忍； 残酷
11．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→ unwilling adj.(反义词)不情愿的； 不乐意的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to the education cause.(devote)
2．All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is a basic demand.(equal)
3．On the whole, people who are well educated can find jobs easier than those without a good education．(educate)
4．As far as I'm concerned, too much violence on television does serious harm to children's character.What's worse，violence on TV makes people behave violently．(violent)
5．I was once hopeless about my lessons，but I hoped for progress，so I hopefully asked my teacher for help.It was his encouragement and instruction that made me improve greatly and now I'm hopeful about my future.(hope)
6．Please actively take part in after-class activities，which will not only make your school life colorful，but also improve your learning.(active)
阅
读
单
词
1.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
2．principle n．法则；原则；原理
3．league n．同盟；联盟；联合会
4．relative n．亲戚；亲属
5．terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
6.release vt.释放；发行
7．sentence vt.判决；宣判
8．easy-going adj.随和的；温和宽容的
9．mankind n．人类
10．fee n．费(会费、学费等)；酬金
11.blanket n．毛毯；毯子
12．guidance n．指导；_领导
13．invader n．侵略者
14．republic n．共和国；共和政体
15．quote n．引用语；语录
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) I was the queen of the playground.Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids.刻薄的；不善良的
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student.抨击
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.out of work失业
2．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
3．turn to求助于；致力于
4．lose heart丧失勇气或信心
5．come to power当权；上台
6．as a matter of fact事实上
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
The situation has become worse and worse since the new government came ①to power.I am out ②of work and feel at a loss.I will turn ③to my friend Mary for advice tomorrow，who always encourages me not to lose ④heart．She told me I should be hopeful about the future when I am ⑤in trouble.
7.blow up使充气；爆炸
8．set up设立；建立
9．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
10．be willing to do 愿意做……
11．be in prison坐牢
12．in one's opinion/view在某人看来
13．fight for为……而战
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Nelson Mandela devoted all his life to realizing the dream that people with different colors should be equal.He set ⑥up a law office to offer guidance to poor black people on their legal problems.One day，one of his supporters helped him blow⑦up the government buildings to fight⑧ for their rights.Unfortunately，he was sentenced ⑨to prison for life on Robben Island until 1990.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.抽象名词＋ where引导的定语从句
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。
We have reached a stage where we must start taking effective measures to protect the environment so as to save ourselves.
2.only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装
...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)只有通过多练习剪纸，你才能掌握这门民间艺术。
Only by practising paper-cutting more can you learn the folk art.
3.the first time引导时间状语从句
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
(湖南卷)第一次比赛失败，我们都感到很沮丧，因为我们都全身心地为此做了充分准备。
The first time we lost the match, we all felt very depressed, because each had been devoted to making full preparations for it.
1.devote vt.献身；专心于
(1)devote...to (doing) sth.把……献给；把……致力于
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心于
(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的
be devoted to (doing) sth.
献身于(做)某事；专心致志于(做)某事
(3)devotion n．深爱；奉献
devote his energies to a job of helping the disabled致力于帮助残疾人的工作
devote all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children为中国的妇女儿童医疗事业贡献她毕生精力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① (2019·浙江卷) I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve) my oral English and English writing.
②a.(湖南卷)You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.
b．With all her time devoted (devote) to the experiments, she has no time for housework.
③a.(2017·天津卷) He is a devoted (devote) father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was in trouble.
b．A teacher's devotion(devote) to education deserves great respect of the whole public because it brings benefits to the development of society.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)Jane devotes herself to teaching(致力于教) the deaf children and she has little time to care for her own daughter.
(高级表达)Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)
(高级表达)Devoted to teaching the deaf children, Jane has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] 表示“专心于；致力于”的其他短语还有：be addicted to，be absorbed in，be lost in，focus on，concentrate on。
2.equal v．等于；与……相等；比得上 adj.相等的；胜任的 n．同等的人或物
(1)equal sb./sth.(in...)
(在……方面) 比得上；与……匹敌；与……相等
be equal to sth./doing sth.(in...)
(在……方面)与……相等；能胜任
(2)without (an) equal无人可比的
(3)equally adv. 同样地；相等地
equality n.相等；平等
enjoy equal rights享有平等的权利
be equal in height同等高度
be equal to anything无所不能
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江西卷满分作文) Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health.
②He is equal to accomplishing(accomplish) the task, for no one equals him in the area.
③a.Black people had to fight for social and economic equality(equal) with whites.
b．(福建卷)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally (equal) respected.
[链接写作]——一句多译
在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。
①No one equals him in courage，about which everyone knows.(equal v．)
②No one is equal to him in courage，about which everyone knows.(equal adj.)
3.escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 n．逃脱；逃走；逃避
(1)escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape from/out of...从……逃跑；逃走
escape one's attention/notice逃过某人的注意；被某人遗忘
(2)have a narrow escape九死一生
escape from the forest逃出森林
escape sb.'s attention/notice逃过某人的注意
a fire escape安全门
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being punished(punish)．
②He once had a narrow escape from the adventurous sport，so he doesn't dare to try it again.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
那个妇女设法带着孩子逃出火场，既恐惧又疲惫。
(普通表达)The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted．
(高级表达)The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby, extremely terrified and exhausted．(形容词作状语)
4.reward n．& v．报答；报酬；奖金；酬劳；奖赏
(1)reward sb.with sth.用……奖赏某人
reward sb.for sth./doing sth.因(做)某事奖励某人
(2)as a reward for...作为对……的报酬
in reward for 为报答；作为……的奖赏
(3)rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的
a reward for good behaviour优秀行为奖
be rewarded with a smile报以微笑
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded (award) to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race.
b．After being awarded(award) the first prize, he expressed that he would continue to reward the people and the society with his hard work.
②(安徽卷)When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding (reward)．
[链接写作]——一句多译
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
①I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in reward for his help/as a reward for his help．(reward n．)
②I rewarded him with a book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward vt.)
[名师点津] reward表示“奖赏；酬谢”，指对有功绩的事的报答或酬谢；award作名词时，指正式或官方“颁发或授予的奖章、奖金等”；作动词时指正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，常用搭配：award sb.sth.＝ award sth.to sb.
5．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(1)get into trouble陷入困境；惹麻烦
ask for trouble自找麻烦；自讨苦吃
(2)take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
have trouble in doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖南卷)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
②a.(上海卷)When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble thinking(think) of the right things to say.
b．(福建卷)My parents have given me life and take all the trouble to bring(bring) me up.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①让我十分担心的是，我在收集信息和使用语言方面确实有困难。
What worries me a lot is that I am really having trouble in collecting information and using language．
②不论什么时候学习遇到困难， 请马上找我们帮忙。
Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have trouble with your studies.
6.turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向；开始从事
turn down关小；拒绝
turn away拒绝……入内；把……打发走
turn up出现；露面；调大
turn out证明是；结果是；赶走；生产
turn over打翻；翻身；移交
turn ...into把……变成
[基础练习]——写出下列句子中turn to的含义
① (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Turn to an online instructor for help.求助于
②After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism.开始从事
③You shouldn't always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅
④Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(天津卷)上个周末，汤姆不得不拒绝参加聚会的邀请，因为他太忙了。
Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
②结果她因有急事要处理拒绝了邀请。
It turned out that she declined the invitation because she had something urgent to attend to.
7.[教材佳句] ...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
[句法句式]此句为倒装句。“only＋状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句等)”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。
(1)“only＋从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装；
(2)only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
[金句推送] (2018·浙江6月卷)Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.
只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时，我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
Only by turning to her father for help did the girl settle the problem at last.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)You can do the job well only with all your time and energy.
(高级表达) Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.(倒装句)
(高级表达) It is only with all your time and energy that you can do the job well.(强调句)
8.[教材佳句]I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。
[句法句式]句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
引导时间状语从句的还有：
(1)each/every time每次……的时候
any time任何时候
last time上次……时
next time下次……时
by the time 到……为止
(2)一……就……
[金句推送] The first time he met the girl he was struck by her wisdom and fell in love with her deeply.他第一次遇到这个女孩就被她的睿智所打动，并深深地爱上了她。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip.
②(湖北卷)Be careful！The machine starts the moment you press the button.
[链接写作]——一句多译
第一次上这位年轻老师的课，他就感兴趣。
①He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the first time he attended his class．
②He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for the first time．
[名师点津] the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The students have been working hard at their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded (reward) with success in the end.
2．You can't imagine the trouble I had persuading (persuade) him to change his mind.
3．Although he made a serious mistake in his work, he was lucky to escape being fired (fire) by his boss.
4．This position is equally (equal) suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.
5．Devoting (devote)all his time to his business, he had little time taking care of his family.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．Everything is hard in the beginning.Don't hesitate to turn to me if you are in difficulty.
7．Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty adapting to new surroundings.
8．Mary got a new mobile phone from her parents as a reward for her being admitted to Tsinghua University.
9．Only when I had another failure in my job-seeking did I realize knowledge is valuable.
10．The first time I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．Only educated (educate) people can have a good understanding of the lecture given by the scientist.
12．Founded (found)in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
13．(2019·青岛适应性测试)Maggie thought it was unfair (fair) that women were not allowed to receive education.
14．Although the job was extremely(extreme) difficult and dangerous，he decided to take it.
15．So far, a committee has been set up to organize social events in the college.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P34教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
When Elias, a poor black worker in South Africa, first 1.met (meet) Nelson Mandela, he was in a very difficult period of his life.He had to leave school because his family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.When he got a job, he was worried about 2.being (be) out of work because he didn't have a passbook.Then Mandela, 3.who offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems, told him what to do and helped him.When Mandela 4.organized (organize) the ANC Youth League, Elias joined it as soon as he could.At that time, black people couldn't vote 5.to choose (choose) their leaders.They couldn't get the jobs they wanted and the parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.6.With the help of Mandela they chose 7.to attack (attack) the laws, and fought against the white people with 8.violence (violent)．In 1963 Elias helped Mandela blow up some government buildings, 9.although it was very dangerous.He was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10.making(make) black and white people equal.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我第一次读到关于张衡的文章，就被他感动了，他是中国古代一个伟大的天文学家和发明家。(定语从句)
The first time I read about Zhang Heng, who was a great astronomer and inventor in ancient China, I was touched.
②他的一生致力于科学研究和发明，包括著名的地震仪。
During his lifetime, he was devoted to scientific research and inventions, including the famous seismography.
③事实上，他第一次介绍地震仪时被嘲笑了。
As a matter of fact, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismography.
④他从未失去信心并继续研究。
He never lost heart but went on with his research.
⑤他深信只有他相信自己时，他才能胜任做任何事情。
He was convinced that he was equal to doing everything only when he believed in himself.
⑥他对科学的贡献是无法回报的。
Nothing could reward his contributions to science．
2．升级平淡句
用倒装句式升级句⑤
He was convinced that only when he believed in himself was he equal to doing anything．
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in one's opinion, however)
I was touched by Zhang Heng the first time I read about him.He was a great astronomer and inventor, and lived from AD 78 to 139.
During his lifetime, he was devoted to scientific discoveries and inventions, including the famous seismograph.
Actually, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph.However, he never lost heart but went on to make new discoveries.He believed that he could succeed only when he believed in himself.In my opinion, nothing could reward his contributions to science.
课件80张PPT。必修1Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero诵读话题经典the son ofa poor family It was their encouragement that 构建知识体系quality
beg
stage
opinion
rewardfound
attack
escape
vote
generousfoundedto escaperewardedopinionswas attackedactively activity devoted devotion peaceful peacefully illegal hopefully hopeless violence violently equality equally fair educated education educator cruelty unwilling devoted devoted devotion equal equally equality educated education violence violence violently hopeless hoped hopefully hopeful actively activities 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 法则；原则；原理 同盟；联盟；联合会 亲戚；亲属 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动 释放；发行 判决；宣判 随和的；温和宽容的 人类 费(会费、学费等)；酬金 毛毯；毯子 指导； 领导 侵略者 共和国；共和政体 引用语；语录 刻薄的；不善良的 抨击 out of work
in trouble
turn to
lose heart
come to power
as a matter of factto of to heart in blow up
set up
be sentenced to
be willing to do
be in prison
in one's opinion/view
fight forup up for to a stagewhere can you learn the folk art The first time we lost the match 突破思维瓶颈improving devoted devoted devoted devotion devotes herself to teaching Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children Devoted to teaching the deaf childrento accomplishing in equality equally equals him in courage is equal to him in courage punishment/being punished a managed to escape from the fire terrified and exhausted managed to escape from the fire withher babyextremely terrified and exhaustedwill be awarded being awarded with rewarding in reward for hishelp/as a reward for his help rewarded him with a book in thinking to bring having trouble incollecting information and using language have trouble with 求助于 开始从事 查阅 转向 turn down the invitation to the party It turned out that did Only with all your time and energy can you It is only with all your time and energy that you can The the the first time he attended his class he attended his class for the first time 强化运用技能will be rewarded persuading being fired equally Devoting to where a did The educated Founded unfair extremely up met being who organized to choose With to attack violence although making The first time who was a greatastronomer and inventor in ancient China was devoted to As a matter of fact lost heart was equal to doing everything reward his contributions to science only when he believed in himself washe equal to doing anything I was touched by Zhang Heng the first time I read about him.He was a great astronomer and inventor, and lived from AD 78 to 139.
During his lifetime, he was devoted to scientific discoveries and inventions, including the famous seismograph. Actually, he got laughed at when first introducing his seismograph. However, he never lost heart but went on to make new discoveries.He believed that he could succeed only when he believed in himself.In my opinion, nothing could reward his contributions to science.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(五)
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela— a modern hero
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Ladies and gentlemen, it's time for us 1.to vote (vote) to choose the star in our community. One candidate is called Amy. 2.Having devoted (devote) most of her time and effort to 3.educating (educate) deaf children, she 4.has been rewarded (reward) with many titles. The other candidate is Tommy, an anti-terrorist expert. He has managed to prevent terrorists from 5.attacking (attack) public places like hospitals and schools several times. OK. Now let's begin.
B
Hiller received his 6.education (educate) in Britain. In his 7.youth (young), his ambition was to help blacks gain 8.equality (equal), freedom and justice. At that time, deliberate 9.cruelty (cruel) to blacks was common. He himself witnessed much 10.violent (violence) behaviour to blacks. With his 11.guidance (guide), black people fought for their human rights in a 12.peaceful (peace) manner. He worked very hard and his 13.devotion (devote) to his career won him great honour.
C
When I was out 14.of work, I felt depressed because I had no one to turn 15.to for help. My husband encouraged me never to lose heart. One day Wu Dong dropped in. As 16.a matter of fact, he was my husband's best friend. He set 17.up a company a few years ago, making children's clothes 18.of high quality. He asked me to work in his company, saying that I should be equal 19.to this job. How grateful I was to him! He was bound to get something 20.in reward for his kindness.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。(This was a time when)
This was a time when there were no radios，no telephones or no TV sets.
2．只有在那时我才意识到与所有的朋友脱离关系，从不与他们联系是多么地傻。(only引起的倒装句)
Only then did I realize that it was foolish of me to break away from all of my friends and never contact them.
3．我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。(the first time)
I was very nervous the first time I gave a speech in the meeting hall.
4．当他的亲戚朋友向他求助时，他总是乐意帮助他们。(turn to; willing)
When his relatives and friends turn to him for help, he is always willing to give them a hand.
5．这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。(see)
The old temple has seen great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2，1840, in Dorsetshire, England. He died on January 11，1928. In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design. The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.
For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twenty-seven, he turned to fiction. His first novel finished by 1867, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it. After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies, appeared in 1871. During the next twenty-five years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.
Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) was never surpassed(超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art. This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873), began to show deep irony(讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy's writings.
Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardy's amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fifty-eight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixty-four when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。
1．How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?
A．He could practice writing while working.
B．He made a lot of money to support his writing.
C．He found material for his novels and poems.
D．He applied architectural knowledge in his novels.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中。故选D项。]
2．What is Thomas Hardy's Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?
A．One of his masterworks.
B．His first popular success.
C．His best novel in perfection of art.
D．One of his best collections of poems.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) was never surpassed(超越)in happy and delicate perfection of art”可知，《绿树林下》在艺术的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。]
3．Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?
A．Desperate Remedies
B．A Pair of Blue Eyes
C．Tess of the d'Urbervilles
D．The Dynasts
C [细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure”可知，Tess of the d'Urbervilles是性格和环境小说，故选C。]
4．What type of writing is this text?
A．A novel.
B．A biography.
C．A book review.
D．A news report.
B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品，属于人物传记，故选B。]
B
(2019·大连市一模)
Rich as a King
WilliamⅠ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get by?
History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn't buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.
Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbors, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard's new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.
There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You'd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.
Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today's standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.
Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers' fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can't keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait.
【语篇解读】 本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。
5．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?
A．Succeed as a king.
B．Deal with complaints.
C．Live in a satisfactory way.
D．Get some extra money.
C [词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解可推知，没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。]
6．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?
A．3. B．4.
C．5. D．6.
B [细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了四个历史人物，他们分别是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。]
7．According to the passage, the author intends to ．
A．tell us to be content with life
B．warn us to live in a simple way
C．teach us to learn lessons from life
D．encourage us to struggle for wealth
A [写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。]
8．What's the author's attitude towards life?
A．Doubtful. B．Optimistic.
C．Uncaring. D．Cautious.
B [观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can't keep up with my neighbors right now. But just wait”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·沈阳市教学质量监测一)Whoever wrote the song “It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1 . Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.
Don't force cheer
At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can't stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2 ．
Let out sadness
The results of the bus-driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3 . We don't like contradictory behavior.
Respond cautiously
Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4 . Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.
5
Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well-being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences. And don't forget to give yourself a break.
A．Relax your mind
B．Enjoy a mix of emotions
C．We tend to deny the important fun_ction emotions serve
D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life
E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects
F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience
G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。
1．D [承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。]
2．E [结合本段小标题Don't force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。]
3．G [根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don't like contradictory behavior”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉不开心，故选G。]
4．F [根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。]
5．B [根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·惠州市第二次调研)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.________(root) in fact.
A study 2.________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.________(high) IQs. 4.________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.________ was attractive to curious minds.
Today，our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.________(simple) different，” Dr. Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.______ (problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.
【语篇解读】 研究表明，有熬夜习惯的人有更高的智商。
1．is rooted [考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这种电影的情节可能来源于真实情况。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此处叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，故填is rooted。]
2．by [考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是说一项由专家所作的研究，故填by。]
3．higher [考查形容词比较级。根据上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，这里是说睡觉更晚的人有更高的智商，故此处用high的比较级higher。]
4．The [考查冠词。这里特指上文提到的研究的作者们，故用定冠词The。]
5．needed [考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填needed。]
6．staying [考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语。]
7．that/which [考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new idea，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。]
8．simply [考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用simple的副词形式simply修饰其后的different。]
9．problems [考查名词的单复数。根据句意“也许他们熬夜是因为他们倾向于独处，喜欢深夜不分心来思考和解决问题”，且problem为可数名词可知，此处应用problem的复数形式，故填problems。]
10．to get [考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”为固定用法，故填to get。]
Ⅳ.应用文写作
(2019·洛阳市、许昌市第一次质检)假定你是李华，外国交换生Tony想参加你校的社团以学习中国文化。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．校社团情况介绍；
2．活动的时间、地点；
3．报名方法。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Tony，
I'm glad to learn that you're interested in our school clubs. Here are the brief introductions. There are four clubs with the themes of Chinese culture for lovers of kung fu，cooking，paintings and hand-writing in our school. Each club provides regular training courses. The clubs can not only enrich your knowledge of Chinese traditional culture，but also make your school life colorful and interesting. The activities start at 3：00 p．m. and last 1.5 hours every Friday in Teaching Building 1. If you are interested in any club above, just sign up on our school website before 18th，October. Welcome to join us.
Yours，
Li Hua
