三言
两语
1.China sent up its first satellite completely designed and built by middle school students in 2017.
2．After a 21-hour trip to space, the astronaut landed safely, making China the third country to send a person into space after Russia and the USA.
3．No one knows exactly how the earth began.However, according to a widely accepted theory, it began with a “Big Bang”．
1.一些科学家宣称他们找到了外星人在天空存在的证据。
Some scientists claimed that they had found some evidence that aliens existed in space．
2．中国成功把第一位宇航员送往天空的消息曾震惊了整个世界。
The news that China had managed to send the first astronaut into space once shocked the whole world.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.atmosphere n．大气层； 气氛
2. exhaust_vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽
3．thus adv.因此；于是
4．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的
5．climate n．气候
6．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落
7．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力
8．float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮
n．漂浮物
9．system n．系统；体系；制度
10．theory n．学说；理论
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.
2．He found something floating (float) on the lake, which frightened him.
3．After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，exhausted (exhaust)．
4．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (theory) must be based on facts.
5．My uncle's car caught fire by the road.Fortunately, he was_pulled (pull) out of the car by a passer-by.
拓
展
单
词
1.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地
2．like vt.喜欢 prep.像→unlike prep.与……不同；不像→_dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌
3．harm n．& vt.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→_harmless adj.无害的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle)
2．Last night we had a discussion, which was to become more and more violent．Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent)
拓
展
单
词
4.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
5．puzzle n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的
6．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的
7. react v．反应→ reaction n．反应；回应
3.Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)
4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)
5．Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)
阅
读
单
词
1.fundamental adj.基本的；基础的
2．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链
3．dissolve vt.& vi.溶解；解散
4．multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加
5.gravity n．万有引力；重力
6．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的
7．solar adj.太阳的；日光的
8．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星
9.spaceship n．宇宙飞船
10．mammal n．哺乳动物
11．lessen vi.& vt.减少；减轻
12．weightlessly adv.失重地
(2017·浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him.He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.停车
[短语 多维应用]
高
频
短
语
1.in time及时；终于
2．prevent...from阻止；制止
3．now that既然
4．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋
5．lay eggs下蛋
6．give birth to产生；分娩
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Now ①that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to prevent it ②from getting from bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must cheer ③up and try to reduce the pollution.If we keep on，we'll succeed ④in time.
7.in one's turn 轮到某人
8．watch out for密切注意；当心；提防
9．depend on依靠；取决于
10．break out突发；爆发
11．block out挡住(光线)
12．get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解
13．at midnight在午夜
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
A fire broke⑤out in the building last night.Luckily，the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.We were warned to watch out ⑥for electricity and gas when cooking our meals.Thanks to the firefighters' help，we were not injured.They are the men that we can depend ⑦on when we are in trouble.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.make＋ it＋ adj.＋for sb.＋ to do
This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。
I think it a good idea to bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party.
2.倍数表达法
But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.
我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。
I devoted three times as much time and energy as I did before，so I believe I will succeed this time.
3.now that引导原因状语从句
...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你对我校这么感兴趣，为什么不来看看呢？
Now that you are so interested in our school, why not come here and have a look？
1.harmful adj.有害的
(1)be harmful to对……有害
harmless adj.无害的
(2)cause/do harm to ...对……造成伤害/有害
(3)there is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处
the harmful effects of tobacco烟草的害处
be harmful to children's teeth对儿童的牙齿有害
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.
②(2019·浙江卷)However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self-confidence.
③He may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking(ask) him.
[链接写作]——一句多译
有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。
①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health．(harmful)
②Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which does great harm to their health．(harm)
2.exist vi.存在，生存
(1)exist in在于……
exist on＝live on靠……生存
There exist(s)...有……
(2)existence n.存在；实有；生活；生活方式
come into existence出现；产生
(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money he's earning.
②(2019·北京卷) A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships.
③(2019·江苏卷) So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist).
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Scientists have many theories about how the universe started to exist.
(高级表达)Scientists have many theories about how the universe came into existence/came into being．
[名师点津] exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。
3.puzzle n．谜；难题 vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难
(1)puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨
a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情
(2)puzzled adj. 感到困惑的
be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的
(4)puzzlement n．困惑
a puzzled look迷惑的神色
a puzzling question令人疑惑的问题
a word puzzle字谜
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(四川卷)People have long puzzled about/over how the Egyptians moved such large rocks.
②a.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.
b．This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled (puzzle)．
③Much to the puzzlement (puzzle) of his mother，he left home without saying a word.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①What puzzles me most (最让我困惑的) is why he manages to get away each time he does something wrong.
②The cause of fire was a puzzle to the firemen(让消防队员困惑的事情)．
4.in time及时；终于
on time准时
in no time立刻， 赶快， 马上
at a time每次，一次
at one time曾经；一度
at times有时
at no time在任何时候都不，从来没有
at the same time同时；尽管如此
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
① (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was.I'm just so glad I was there in time to help (help)my son.
②a.(浙江卷)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.
b．(陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.
c．(辽宁卷)At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
③(浙江卷)Each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time from the school library.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(全国卷Ⅲ)曾经我甚至感到我父母不理解我，我希望我能自由。
At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.
②(山东卷)常言道， “有志者事竟成”， 我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time．
5.in one's turn轮到某人
(1)take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事
It's one's turn (to do sth.)
轮到某人(做某事)了
(2)by turns轮流着
in turn反过来；依次
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①At the meeting they took turns to put/putting (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.
②It's my turn to pick (pick) up the kids after school this week.
③It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother by turns.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(湖北卷改编)人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。
(普通表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.
(高级表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems．(非限制性定语从句)
6.cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋
(1)cheer sb.on以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油
(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的
cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！
burst into cheers突然欢呼起来
cheer their sports teams为她们的运动队加油
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)—I'm thinking of the test tomorrow.I'm afraid I can't pass this time.
—Cheer up! I'm sure you will make it.
②The cheering news made the sad boy cheerful，which made his parents very excited.(cheer)
③(天津卷)Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.
(高级表达)When I'm feeling depressed, my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up．
7.[教材佳句]This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。
[句法句式]句中为“make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.”句型， 其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为for life to develop。
(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句
make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do不定式
make＋it＋no good/no use/no value ...＋doing sth.
(2)常用于这种句型的动词：make，think，consider，find，feel等。
[金句推送] (北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(山东卷)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
②(福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt(adapt) to the new environment abroad.
③I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good，which does great harm to your eyes.
(高级表达)I think it no good reading in bed，which does great harm to your eyes.(形式宾语)
8.[教材佳句]But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。
[句法句式]句中twice as far as...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。
常见的倍数句型：
(1)...倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...
(2)...倍数＋形容词比较级/副词比较级＋than...
(3)...倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of...
[金句推送] (安徽卷)It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.
②The new stadium being built for the 2022 Asian Games will three times the height(high) of the present one.
[链接写作]——一句多译
众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。
①As is known to us, the earth is forty-nine times as big as the moon.
②It is known to us that the earth is forty-nine times bigger than the moon.
③What is known to us is that the earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.
[名师点津] 表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。有时我们也用分数、百分数、half等代替倍数。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(湖北卷)Can you tell the subtle difference between the words “require” and “request”？ I sometimes get puzzled(puzzle) by their meanings.
2．What is known to us all is that drinking too much is harmful(harm) to your health.
3．Some insects have been found living (live) for several years without any water.
4．The People's Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.
5．Last night, Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily, the doctor came in time to save(save) her life.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer up, hoping to make his parents less worried.
7．Getting angry not only does harm to one's health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.
8．Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.
9．John，as well as his brother was responsible for the loss.
10．Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．She strongly objected to my mother's marriage.Surprisingly, my mother's reaction(react) to it was rather calm.
12．(全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global(globe) warming has already become a very serious problem.
13．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Now that you are fond of Chinese traditional culture, I think this is a great opportunity that cannot be missed.
14．The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.
15．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P25—26教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The earth was just a cloud of dust 1.whose future is uncertain after the “Big Bang”．Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which is so 2.violent (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock, to be in time 3.to produce (produce) many things, which make the earth's atmosphere.As the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases.Then life began to develop.
Many millions of years later, small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5.filled (fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen.Land 6.animals (animal) followed after the first green plants appeared.Then small clever animals spread all 7.over the earth.
Humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around.As time went by they covered the earth.Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 8.escaping (escape) from the earth into space.As a result, the problem of global warming occurs.9.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be solved (solve)．
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我们日常生活中到处有险境。
There exists danger everywhere in our daily life.
②上周日，我家附近的一座大楼发生了火灾。
Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home.
③楼梯到处是烟雾，使得人们很难逃生。
The stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape.
④消防队员及时赶到。
The firefighters arrived in time．
⑤消防队员到来后就不允许我们靠近了。
The firefighters didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived.
⑥他们说既然他们来了，就轮到他们去救那些被困住的人了。
They said now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped．
⑦依靠他们的专业知识，他们很快就阻止了火势的蔓延。
Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading．
⑧从这个故事我们知道，我们能否阻止火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。
From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.
2．升级平淡句
用定语从句和非谓语动词合并④⑤⑥句
The firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and, luckily)
There exists danger everywhere in our daily life. Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped. Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading. From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.
课件73张PPT。必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars诵读话题经典that aliensexisted in spacethat China had managed tosend the first astronaut into space构建知识体系atmosphere exhaust thus gentle climate crash pull float system theory crashed floating exhausted theories was pulled violence violently unlike dislike harmful harmless puzzledpuzzlingexistencereligiousreactionpuzzled puzzling puzzled violent violence harmharmfulharmreligionreligious existence exist 基本的；基础的 链子；连锁；锁链 溶解；解散 乘；增加 万有引力；重力 灭绝的；绝种的 太阳的；日光的 卫星；人造卫星 宇宙飞船 哺乳动物 减少；减轻 失重地 停车 in time prevent...from now that cheer up lay eggs give birth to that from up in in one's turn watch out for depend on break out block out get the hang of at midnight out for on think it a good idea to bring three times as much timeand energy asNow that you are so interestedin our school突破思维瓶颈to to asking which is very harmful to their health which does great harm to their health on existing existence came into existence/came into being about/over puzzling puzzled puzzlement What puzzles me most a puzzle to the firemen to help on in At a At one time pay off in time to put/putting to pick by in turn which in turn creates more problems upcheering cheerful on depressed cheer me up it to adapt quarrelling think it no good reading faster height forty-nine times as big as forty-nine times bigger forty-nine times the size 强化运用技能puzzled harmful living existence to save up to on down as in reaction global that in out whose violent to produce harmful filled animals over escaping Whether be solved There exists broke out made it difficult in time didn't permit us to get close now that their turn torescue those who were trapped Depending on prevented the fire from spreading depends on The firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped. There exists danger everywhere in our daily life. Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped. Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading. From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(十四)
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
The 1.existence (exist) of terrorism lets the world not be stable. Terrorist activities, many of which are linked to 2.religious (religion) extremism, have resulted in a 3.global (globe) disaster. They not only bring threat to the safety of human but have 4.harmful (harm) effect on economic growth. Many people are forced to flee their homes because of growing fears of terrorist 5.violence (violent). All governments are paying great attention to this issue, but to stop terrorism is indeed a 6.systematic (system) project, which requires effort, wisdom and cooperation.
B
A conflict broke 7.out when the villagers tried to prevent the factory workers 8.from sending waste water into their field. The villagers had been watching out 9.for the waste water for some time. They found it was very harmful 10.to their health as well as their crops. Officials came just 11.in time to stop the situation getting worse. They managed to block 12.out the anger of the villagers, promising to punish the factory for what they had done. On hearing this, the villagers cheered 13.up and the conflict ended finally.
C
At a rough estimate, Nigeria is three times 14.the size of Great Britain. Its population is also twice 15.what it was 50 years ago. Nigeria is abundant in oil, which makes 16.it possible to become Africa's No.1 economy. Chinese people are pouring into this country. The number of Chinese tourists to Nigeria is five times as large 17.as it used to be. Now 18.that you have got a chance to visit it, why not go to appreciate its charming scenery and unique culture?
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。(now that)
Now that I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while.
2．他们是否能够通过沟通达成协议还不清楚。(it作形式主语)
It's not clear whether they are able to arrive at an agreement through communication or not.
3．这些游客们回到宾馆，又累又困。(形容词短语作状语)
These travelers returned to the hotel, tired and sleepy．
4．无论他在哪里，早饭前散散步成为他的习惯。(make it＋n.＋ to do ...)
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
5．李明的手机看起来和张华的一样，但价格是他的两倍。(倍数表达法)
Li Ming's mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Hua's, but it cost twice as much as his.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·大连市一模)Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，” Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density(密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.
Dobek's design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self-Growing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek's design. A simulator (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，” Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了小学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。
1．Dobek first became interested in space when ．
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
D [细节理解题。根据第一段“Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon—a total lunar eclipse(月食)—on the roof of their house”可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。]
2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ．
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
D [推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。]
3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
D [推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体和休闲活动，让宇航员在太空中也感到舒适。]
B
(2019·长春市质量监测一)I was waiting for my train and on the subway station's floor was a man just sitting there. I looked around and nobody stopped so I just went my way. After a few steps, I turned and asked him whether he needed help. He told me his house was one station further and he would only need to take the train there. So I reached for his hand to help him stand up.
He wanted to take the stairs but I feared that he would hurt himself since he seemed too weak to walk, so I asked him to take the elevator. Even though my mind was trying to turn the danger lights on, I put the thought that I should not go alone with a drunken man out of my mind and accompanied him on the elevator.
We arrived on the platform with no incidents. The man's knees seemed to soften, so I asked him to rest on a bench. While sitting there, he thanked me, telling me that I saved him. No, I said, I really did nothing; he saved himself as he walked on his own feet.
At the next station, we said our goodbyes. Before I knew it, he left 100 dollars and dashed out of the train. There was no way to give him back his money. I wanted to leave it on the seat, but a young woman who thought it belonged to me ran after me and gave me the note.
My initial reaction to getting that money was of shame and I even felt offended. Then I thought he just wanted to thank me, the best way he knew how. Now, my question is—what act of kindness shall I do with these 100 dollars?
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在地铁站台看到有个醉汉坐在地上，于是把对方搀扶起来并陪他坐上地铁，临下车的时候对方塞给作者一百美元，作者准备用这笔钱继续帮助别人。
4．Why was the man sitting on the subway station's floor?
A．Because he wanted to go home.
B．Because he was seriously ill.
C．Because he was drunk.
D．Because he was waiting for the train.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“I put the thought...with a drunken man”可知，这个人坐在地铁站的地上是因为喝醉了。]
5．Seeing the money left by the man, the author first felt ．
A．ashamed B．grateful
C．delighted D．frustrated
A [细节理解题。根据尾段第一句中的“My initial reaction...was of shame”可知，作者看到这笔钱最初的反应是感到羞愧，因此选A。]
6．How will the author possibly deal with the money?
A．Give it back.
B．Buy something favorable.
C．Leave it on the seat.
D．Give it to people in need.
D [推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句“Now, my question is...do with these 100 dollars”可推知，作者下一步要用这笔钱去帮助他人，因此选D。]
7．What can we infer from the passage?
A．I helped the man the moment I saw him.
B．I accompanied the man to take the stairs.
C．I thought it unsafe to go alone with the drunken man at first.
D．A young woman ran after me and gave me the note.
C [推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者先是把不应该单独与这个醉汉同行的念头赶走，并在电梯里陪着他，因此C项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·湖南省六校联考)
Gardening 380 Kilometers above Earth
Astronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. They also go through training in how to care for plants. These“astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants.
Taking seeds and plants along on a trip isn't a new idea. As space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 Because of this，it's not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away.
Plants can serve many uses on a space journey. They can provide more fresh things. 2 Also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. They can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraft — the only air the astronauts can breathe.
3 Due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. This can actually kill them，so fans are needed to circulate the air. Without gravity, roots don't“know”to grow down，leaves don't “know” to grow up，and water doesn't easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4 Besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels(凝胶) are used to help plant growth.
Scientists are also working on the plants themselves. They are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space，and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 Imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. Similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. With the world's population now at about 7.7 billion people，our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions.
A．Every plant grown in space must have several uses.
B．However, there are challenges with growing plants in space.
C．Such methods may result in improvements back here on Earth.
D．The cost of taking anything into space is about $22，000 per kilogram.
E．Specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly.
F．Astronauts will welcome the addition of fruits and vegetables to their diet of dry foods.
G．Currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植的原因和好处以及种植方法。
1．D [空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的；据此可推知，空处应是介绍空后一句的原因；故D项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22 000美元”符合语境。]
2．F [根据空前一句可知，植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西；根据空后一句可知，植物还可以改善太空站的空气质量，因为其可以产生氧气；据此可推知，空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处，即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物，故F项正确。]
3．B [上文介绍了太空种植的好处，即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善太空站的空气质量等；结合下文可知，种植太空果蔬有一定的困难；据此可知，空处承上启下，与上文形成转折关系，故B项正确。]
4．E [根据上文可知，在失重的情况下，植物的根和叶不知道如何生长，水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上；而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法；据此可推知，空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法，故E项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。]
5．C [根据空前一句可知，科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水，在太空快速生长，而且可以抵抗病害的方法；且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响；据此可推知，空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来改善，故C项正确。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·贵阳市适应性考试一)China's space program has become the first to land a spacecraft on the 1.________(so-call) dark side of the moon. The landing on Thursday brought the country closer to its goal of becoming a space power.
Chang'e 4 sent a picture taken at 11：40 in the morning back to Earth. It shows small craters and 2.________empty surface that appears to be 3.________(light) by a light from the lunar explorer.
The name Chang'e comes from a subject of Chinese mythology that many Chinese believe 4.________(live) on the moon for thousands of years.
The landing is an example of China's 5.________(grow) desire to compete with the American, Russian and European space 6.________(program). China also wants to strengthen 7.________(it) position.
Hou Xiyun is a professor at Nanjing University's school of astronomy and space science. He told the Associated Press, “8.________ the whole, China's space technology still falls behind the West, but with the landing on the far side of the moon, we have raced to the front.”
He added that China plans to explore Mars, Jupiter and asteroids(小行星) in the future. “There's no doubt 9.________ our nation will go farther and farther，”he said.
In 2013, Chang'e 3 made the first moon landing since the former Soviet Union's Luna 24 in 1976. The United States is the only country that has 10.________(success)sent a person to the moon. But China is considering a crewed mission, as well.
For now, China plants to send a Chang'e 5 spacecraft to the moon in 2019 and have it return to Earth with collected particles.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要通过讲述“嫦娥四号”登陆月球背面介绍了中国的太空探索发展状况。
1．so-called [考查词形转换。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词so-called 修饰dark side，作定语。]
2．an [冠词。surface是可数名词，且第一次在语境中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，且empty的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。]
3．lit/lighted [考查动词的语态。根据空后的介词“by”并结合语境可知，此处是被动结构，即“be＋done”的形式，故填lit/lighted。]
4．has lived [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，指代a subject，在从句中作主语，故此处应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语for thousands of years可知，本句应用现在完成时，故填has lived。]
5．growing [考查形容词。growing 是形容词，意为“增长的”，在句中作定语，修饰名词desire。]
6．programs [考查名词的单复数。program是可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故用复数形式，故填programs。]
7．its [考查代词。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词position。]
8．On [考查介词。on the whole是固定搭配，意为“大体上”，符合语境，故填介词On。]
9．that [考查固定用法。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定用法There is no doubt that，意为“毫无疑问”，符合语境，故填that。]
10．successfully [考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词successfully修饰其后的动词sent，在句子中作状语。]
