三言
两语
1.My brother thinks by reading quietly in a situation of his own he can better understand the author's ideas.
2．The exhibition gives local artists an opportunity to display their works.
3．Whenever she is faced with difficulties in writing，she won't give up easily.
1.电影通常更有趣而且更容易理解。
The film is usually more interesting and it is easier to follow/understand．
2．她在河边看小说，度过了一个宁静的下午。
She spent a peaceful afternoon by the river，reading a novel.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.typical adj.典型的；有代表性的
2．evident adj.明显的；明白的
3．attempt n．努力；尝试；企图
vt.尝试；企图
4．figure n．画像；身材；数字
5．scholar n．学者
6．appeal vi.有感染力；呼吁；求助
vt.将……上诉
n．呼吁；恳求
7．reputation n．名声；名誉
8．exhibition n．展览；陈列；展览会
9．masterpiece n．杰作；名著
10．effectively adv.有效地
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Attempting(attempt) to change someone else's attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.
2．Celebrities and public figures(figure) support the event by making appearances on comic TV shows.
3．Harry Potter stories are so appealing (appeal)that they encourage children to read more.
4．Washing hands often is one of the effective(effect) ways to avoid being infected by diseases.
5．She walked slowly down the road, evidently(evident) in pain.
拓
展
单
词
1.faith n．信任； 信心； 信念→ faithful adj.忠实的；守信的→ faithfully adv.忠实地
2．adopt vt.采用；采纳；收养→adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的→adoption n．收养；采用
3．possess vt.拥有； 具有； 支配→ possession n．(尤作复数)所有； 财产
4．predict vt.预言； 预告； 预测→prediction n．预言→ predictor n．预言者
5．prefer v．更喜欢； 偏爱→preference n．喜爱； 偏爱
6．aim n．目标； 目的 vi.& vt.瞄准； (向某方向)努力→ aimless adj.无目标的； 无目的的→aimlessly adv.漫无目的地； 无目标地
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I have faith in him because he has served us faithfully for many years, and I think he is a faithful and honest friend.(faith)
2．I was walking aimlessly in the street when I came across John, who led an aimless life.(aim)
3．Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs.Green, who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption,_Mr.White could receive a good education and become an engineer.(adopt)
4．With his business going on well, he at first possessed big houses, cars, and later he took possession of stocks of different companies.Finally, he found that everything he had dreamed of was in his possession．(possess)
5．They predicted that there would be an earthquake, but their prediction didn't come true.(predict)
阅
读
单
词
1.abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的
n．摘要
2．conventional adj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的
3．technique n．技术；方法；技能
4．shadow n．阴影；影子
5．ridiculous adj.荒谬的；可笑的
6．controversial adj.争论的；争议的
7.specific adj.确切的；特定的
8．delicate adj.脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的
9．allergic adj.过敏性的；过敏的
10．fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的
11．fragrant adj.香的；令人愉快的
12．contemporary adj.当代的；同时代的
13.permanent adj.永久的；持久的
14．consequently adv.所以；因而
15．aggressive adj.敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的
16．superb adj.卓越的；杰出的；极好的
17．signature n．署名；签字
18．coincidence n．巧合(的事);_(事情、_口味、_故事等)相合
1．(2017·北京卷)Horridge was convicted of attempted murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.未遂的；未得手的
2．(辽宁卷)I was just going to call the police for help, when I saw a strange figure dressed in strange orange clothes.人影
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.scores of ...大量；许多
2．appeal to(对某人)有吸引力；(使某人)感兴趣
3．as a consequence结果
4．concentrate on全神贯注于；专注于
5．attempt to do sth.尝试做某事
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Nowadays，modern artists paint many abstract paintings.These paintings just concentrate ①on the qualities of objects and not attempt ②to paint objects as we see.As③ a consequence，most of them can't appeal ④to us.
6.lead to导致
7．a great deal大量；非常
8．by coincidence巧合地；偶然地
9．depend/rely on 依靠；依赖
10．on the other hand (可是)另一方面
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Li Fang fell in love with the western paintings ⑤by coincidence.She totally depended ⑥on herself to learn to paint.Since then，her life has changed ⑦a great deal，which led ⑧to her success in her painting career.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.without引起的含蓄虚拟条件句
Without the new paints and the new technique，we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.
要是没有我英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语写作比赛中获得第一名。
Without the help of my English teacher，I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
2.表示方位的介词短语位于句首时句子用完全倒装
Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)操场旁边就是我校新建的体育馆。
Near the playground is the newly-built stadium in our school.
3.现在分词作结果状语
Henry Clay Frick，a rich New Yorker，died in 1919，leaving his house，furniture and art collection to the American people.
北京至雄安新区的城际铁路开工建设，将两地之间的旅行时长缩短至半小时。
A new intercity railway between Beijing and the Xiongan New Area is under construction, shortening travel time to half an hour.
1.aim n．目标；目的 vi.& vt.瞄准；对准；旨在
(1)aim to do sth.旨在做某事
aim at doing sth./be aimed at目的是；旨在
(2)take aim at...瞄准……
with the aim of以……为目标；意在……
(3)aimless adj.无目的的
aimlessly adv.无目的地
aim high志向高远
achieve/realize my aim达到目的/实现我的目标
a programme aimed at teenagers针对青少年的节目
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷) All our projects aim to promote(promote) the development of poor and remote communities.
②a.(2019·北京卷)Earth Day, marked on 22 April, is an annual event aiming(aim) to raise public awareness about environmental protection.
b．(2017·北京卷)She started the Ladybug Foundation, an organization aiming/aimed(aim) at getting rid of homelessness.
③(浙江卷)The aim of education is to teach(teach) young people to think for themselves and not follow others blindly.
④(2017·北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly(aimless)down the tree-lined street，not knowing where she was heading.
[链接写作]—— 完成句子/句式升级
学校以鼓励年轻作家为目的开展了此项竞赛。
(普通表达)The competition was started by the school with the aim of encouraging young writers.(介词短语)
(高级表达)Aimed at encouraging young writers, the competition was started by the school.(过去分词作状语)
(高级表达)Aiming to encourage young writers, the competition was started by the school.(现在分词作状语)
2.possess vt.拥有(不用于进行时)；具有；支配
possession n．拥有，占有[U]；所有物，财产(pl.)
in possession of拥有……
in the possession of (某物)为(某人)所有
take/have possession of 拥有……；占有……
possess wealth 拥有财富
possess many good qualities具有许多好的特质
lose all his possessions 失去了所有的财产
[基础练习]—— 单句语法填空
①The possession(possess) of a happiest man may not be the best，but he knows how to fully enjoy what he has.
②When you get out of the taxi，make sure that none of your possessions(possess) are left behind.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达) As far as I know, a young man will have the big company after the old general manager retires.
(高级表达)As far as I know, a young man will possess/be in possession of/take possession of the big company after the old general manager retires.
(高级表达)As far as I know, the big company will be in the possession of a young man after the old general manager retires.
3.attempt n．努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图
(1)attempt at doing sth./to do sth.尝试或努力做某事
(2)make an attempt at doing/to do sth.尝试或努力做某事
at one's first attempt第一次尝试
attempt an escape企图逃跑
attempted murder/robbery谋杀/抢劫未遂
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb(climb) Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.
②Don't expect to pass the driving test at the first attempt.After all, you've been learning to drive for only a couple of days.
[链接写作]——一句多译
他试图通过考试，但是最后还是失败了。
①He attempted to pass/at passing the exam, but he failed in the end.(attempt v．)
②He made an attempt at passing/to pass the exam, but he failed in the end.(attempt n．)
4.figure n．画像；人物；身材；体形；数字 v．估计；计算；认为
(1)keep one's figure保持体形
(2)figure out想出；理解；弄明白；看透
figure on期待；指望；依赖
figure in把……列入计算/考虑范围
(3)figure that认为；认定
[基础练习]——写出下列句中figure的词性和含义
①(2017·江苏卷)Indeed official figures suggest the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961.n.数字
②(北京卷)As for my favorite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty. n．人物
③ (福建卷)I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years. n．体形
④Glancing round, he caught sight of a dark figure in the shadows.n.人影
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.vt.认为
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(2017·北京卷) 如果你不理解某事，你可以研究、学习，和其他人交谈直到你弄明白。
If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until you figure it out．
②别指望今年夏天出国， 因为我们可能负担不起旅行费用。
Don't figure on going abroad this summer；we may not be able to afford it.
5.appeal n．吸引力，魅力；恳求；上诉 v．求助，诉请，呼吁，有吸引力
(1)appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.向某人呼吁/恳求……
sth.appeal(s) to sb.某物对某人有吸引力
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth.向某人呼吁/恳求……
(3)appealing adj. 有感染力的；有吸引力的
appeal to friends for help恳请朋友帮助
appeal to everyone to save water呼吁人人节约用水
make an appeal for money and clothes呼吁捐钱捐衣物
wide/popular appeal广受欢迎
[基础练习]—— 单句语法填空
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience.
b．(朗文辞典)The police are appealing to the public for information about the crime.
②Our school appeals to the students to set(set) aside at least an hour every day to take exercise in order to raise learning efficiency.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)And, even if I weren't excited enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing (appeal) enough to me.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Your advertisement has attracted me much so I want to get the position.
(高级表达)Your advertisement has appealed to me much so I want to apply for the position.
6.on the other hand另一方面
(1)on(the) one hand...on the other hand...一方面……；另一方面(却)……(表示相矛盾的两个方面)
(2)for one thing...for another...首先……其次……(表示相一致的两个方面)
(3)first(ly)．..；second(ly)．..第一……；第二……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①To improve your English, firstly, you should listen more；secondly(second), you should read more.
②They didn't buy the car.For one thing, they didn't like its color; for another, it was too expensive.
[链接写作]——完成句子
(2018·浙江6月卷)一方面，我精通英语，另一方面我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。
On the one hand, I have a good command of spoken English；on the other hand I have some experience in accompanying foreign friends.
7. [教材佳句]Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.在这些脱离传统绘画风格的画家中就有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派艺术家们。
[句法句式]本句为介词短语位于句首时引起的完全倒装句式，正常语序为：The Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris，were among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting.
全部倒装的条件：
(1)表示地点、方位或时间的副词，如here，there，in，out，up，down，away，now，then 等以及表示方位的介词短语置于句首时；
(2)谓语动词一般为be动词或lie，come，go，stand等动词；
(3)句子的主语为名词。如果句子的主语为代词，主谓不倒装。
[金句推送] (湖北卷)Into the complete silence of the waiting class came the teacher's sweet voice，“Good morning，children.”在全班同学静静的等待中传来了老师甜甜的嗓音：“孩子们，早上好。”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.Between you and your dreams stands (stand) a lot of hard work.
b．Among all these flowers is included (include) a kind of red rose, which was given by my friend.
②Look! Here comes(come) the school bus; let's hurry.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达) There is an architecture on the top of the hill.The architecture dates back to the Ming Dynasty.
(高级表达)On the top of the hill stands an architecture dating back to the Ming Dynasty.(分词短语作定语的倒装句)
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．In the middle of the woods lies(lie) a deep lake, where you can find various fishes.
2．(陕西卷)Technical progress would put our firm in possession(possess) of the home market.
3．The local government has taken some effective measures, aimed/aiming (aim) at cutting down the cost during the tough economy.
4．I'm writing a letter, expecting your newspaper to appeal to the public to pay (pay) more attention to environmental protection.
5．Attempting (attempt) to change someone else's attitude towards life is a waste of time and energy.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．Without anyone to talk to，John felt lonely.
7．(江西卷)Sport has become an important form of entertainment, appealing to both men and women.
8．(湖北卷)The present situation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to figure out its reality.
9．On the one hand, I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family.On the other hand, I can accumulate the social experience, which does good to my future life.
10．I find it hard to concentrate on my study with some people having small talk around me.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．A great deal of progress has been made(make) over the last several decades in health, education and peace.
12．It was only by coincidence that I saw the injured child on my way home, so I called 120 at once.
13．Many elderly people expressed a strong preference (prefer) to live in their own houses.
14．Many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption (adopt) services for homeless animals.
15．Having been predicted (predict) one day ahead, the volcanic eruption didn't kill anyone except several injured.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P3教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they 1.are accepted (accept) as the 2.beginning (begin) of what we call “modern art”．This is 3.because the Impressionists encouraged artists 4.to look (look) at their environment in new ways.There are scores of modern art styles, 5.but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exist.On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt 6.to paint (paint) objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead 7.concentrates (concentrate) on certain qualities of the object, 8.using (use) colour, line and shape to represent 9.them (they)．On the other hand, some paintings of modern art are so realistic that they look like photographs.These styles are so different.Who can predict 10.what painting styles there will be in the future?
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①Romon是一位有名的法国雕刻家，他喜欢雕刻人物。
Romon is a famous French sculptor, and he likes carving figures．
②他的雕塑采用了许多极好的有代表性的方法。
His sculptures adopt many superb typical techniques．
③他旨在吸引更多的人来欣赏他的作品。
He aims to appeal more people to enjoy his works.
④他还企图卖光他的全部雕塑作品。
He attempts to sell up all his sculpture works.
⑤Romon凭借他的努力在众多的雕塑家中脱颖而出。
Romon stands out among scores of sculptors with his efforts.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用限制性定语从句和高级词汇升级句①
Romon is a famous French sculptor who is fond of carving figures.
(2)用倒装句改写句⑤
With his efforts, among scores of sculptors stands out Romon.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：on the one hand, on the other hand, consequently)
Romon is a famous French sculptor who is fond of carving figures.His sculptures adopt many superb typical techniques. On the one hand, he aims to appeal more people to enjoy his works; on the other hand, he attempts to sell up all his sculpture works.Consequently，with his efforts, among scores of sculptors stands out Romon.
课件72张PPT。选修6Unit 1 Art诵读话题经典it is easier tofollow/ understandreading a novel 构建知识体系typical evident attempt figure scholar appeal reputation exhibition masterpiece effectively Attempting figures appealing effective evidently faithful faithfully adopted adoption possession prediction predictor preference aimless aimlessly faith faithfully faithful aimlessly aimless adopted adopted adoptionpossessed possession possession predicted prediction 抽象的；深奥的 摘要 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 技术；方法；技能 阴影；影子 荒谬的；可笑的 争论的；争议的 确切的；特定的 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 过敏性的；过敏的 精细的；易碎的；脆弱的 香的；令人愉快的 当代的；同时代的 永久的；持久的 所以；因而 敢作敢为的；侵略的；好斗的 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 署名；签字 巧合(的事); (事情、 口味、 故事等)相合 未遂的；未得手的 人影 scores of ... appeal to as a consequence concentrate on attempt to do sth. on to a to lead to a great deal by coincidence depend/rely on on the other hand by on a to would not have wonthe first prize Near the playground is thenewly-built stadium shorteningtravel time to half an hour 突破思维瓶颈to promote aiming aiming/aimed to teach aimlessly withthe aim of Aimed at Aiming to possession possessions possess/be inpossession of/take possession of be in thepossession ofto climb at attempted to pass/at passing the exammade an attempt at passing/to pass n.数字 n．人物 n．体形 n.人影 vt.认为 figure it out figure on going abroad to for to set appealing appealed to apply for secondly anotherOn the one handon the other hand stands is included comes On the top of the hill stands an architecture datingback to 强化运用技能lies possession aimed/aiming to pay Attempting Without to out On on has been made by preference adoption Having been predicted are accepted beginning because to look but to paint concentrates using them what sculptorcarvingfiguresadopt many superb typical techniques aims to appeal to attempts to sell up scores of Romon is a famous French sculptor who is fond of carving figures. With his efforts, among scores of sculptors stands out Romon. Romon is a famous French sculptor who is fond of carving figures.His sculptures adopt many superb typical techniques. On the one hand, he aims to appeal more people to enjoy his works; on the other hand, he attempts to sell up all his sculpture works.Consequently，with his efforts, among scores of sculptors stands out Romon.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(二十六)
选修6 Unit 1 Art
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
When he was a senior student, Tom had a 1.preference (prefer) for maths. He was in 2.possession of a strange way to solve maths problems. However, his teacher made a 3.prediction (predict) that the 4.adoption (adopt) of that way would lead him to a wrong direction and advised Tom to change. Tom followed his teacher's advice 5.faithfully (faith). He worked hard at maths, and made great progress. Years later he became a well-known expert in the maths field.
B
Edward was 6.in possession of rich imagination. He liked to figure 7.out how things in space move when he was young. Thanks to his effort and great faith 8.in himself, he became a famous astronomer, making scores 9.of scientific discoveries. Before his death, he put forward a new theory, aiming 10.at helping to find more stars in the universe. His theory appeals greatly 11.to scientists of the world.
C
In front of the old temple, there 12.stands (stand) a big tree. If other people had not reminded me, I would not 13.have noticed (notice) that it is an old rare tree. 14.In the shade of the tree often sit scores of tourists during the summer holiday. Obviously, the temple 15.would look (look) lonely without the existence of the tree.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．没有良好的教育就没有先进的科学技术。(without虚拟语气句)
Without excellent education there would be no advanced science and technology.
2．我注意到画廊的门前站着许多手拿鲜花的学生，他们在等那位著名画家的到来。(完全倒装)
I noticed that in front of the gallery stood many students holding flowers, waiting for the arrival of the famous artist.
3．这位可怜的画家在贫病交加中死去，给世人留下了大量珍贵的画作。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
The poor painter died with poverty and illness, leaving the world a lot of valuable paintings．
4．如果我意识到了英语学习的重要性，我就会更加努力了。(if条件句的虚拟语气)
If I had realized the importance of English study, I would have worked much harder.
5．他拥有那家公司。(possession)
①He is in possession of the company.
②The company is in the possession of him.
③He takes possession of the company.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)
Kettle's Yard, Cambridge
This modern art gallery in a Victorian house was founded in the 1950s by Jim Ede and reopened in February, following a two-year redevelopment by Jamie Fobert Architects. This means a new cafe, a four-floor education wing and improved gallery space that can accommodate more visitors. The gallery's permanent collection includes works of Joan Miró， Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth.
Being Brunel, Bristol
To celebrate the life and work of famous civil engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Being Brunel opened in March on Bristol's harbourside. The museum included a range of interactive and entertaining exhibits, including talking portraits of his friends and family and personal possessions, including an 1821 school report. It is a good place for families to strengthen connections.
Royal Academy of Arts, London
The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary，following a renovation(翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme. These will include three galleries, which will host exhibitions with a focus on contemporary art and architecture. The grand facade(正面) of the Burlington Gardens building has also been restored—possibly the first time it's had a proper clean in its 150-year history.
V&A, Dundee
One of the most significant new openings of the year will be Scotland's first designed museum—and also the first V&A anywhere outside of London—on 15 September. The museum building sits on the River Tay. It will celebrate Scottish designs and objects in its collection.
【语篇解读】 该文介绍了四个艺术画廊(博物馆)的特点、展出的内容等。
1．What do we know about Being Brunel?
A．It has a long school report.
B．It includes three galleries.
C．It is family-friendly.
D．It possesses permanent collections.
C [细节理解题。根据Being Brunel, Bristol中最后一句“It is a good place for families to strengthen connections”可知，Being Brunel是一个家庭友好型博物馆。故选C。]
2．The purpose of the RA reopening is ．
A．to expand the exhibition
B．to mark its 250th anniversary
C．to display contemporary art
D．to present its 150-year history
B [细节理解题。根据Royal Academy of Arts, London部分中的“The RA reopened on 19 May for its 250th anniversary，following a renovation(翻新) with a gallery and expanded exhibition programme”可知，RA重新开放的目的是纪念其成立250周年。故选B。]
3．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To attract more visitors to the UK.
B．To compare different tourist attractions.
C．To describe some famous museums and artists.
D．To introduce openings of some famous art galleries and museums.
D [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了一些著名的艺术博物馆和画廊的开幕。故选D。]
B
(2019·福建三校第一学期联考)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.
It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.
The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter (PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．
Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.
“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already well-known，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival — on average about a year globally.”
In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it's considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60-year-olds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染导致细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。
4．What do we know about PM 2.5?
A．It has a bad effect on human health.
B．It will be controlled in the future.
C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.
D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。]
5．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?
A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.
B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.
C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.
D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。]
6．What can be inferred from the text?
A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.
B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.
C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.
D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.
C [推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处；据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。]
7．What is the best title for the text?
A．The way human beings enjoy a longer lifespan
B．The importance of getting rid of air pollution
C．Asian people are suffering from serious air pollution
D．Air pollution reduces the lifespan by more than one year
D [标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·长沙市统一模拟)Steve was a seventh grader, a big boy, looking more like a teenager than a 12-year-old. Yet, he went unnoticed—he had been 1 every examination since first grade—until Miss Wilma appeared.
In the middle of the first semester of school, the entire seventh grade was 2 for basic skills.
“You all did pretty well，” Miss Wilma told the class after going over the 3 ， “except for one boy. And it 4 my heart to tell you this, but...” she hesitated, “the smartest boy in the seventh grade is failing my class.” Steve 5 his eyes and carefully examined his fingertips.
After that, Steve still wouldn't do his homework. Even if Miss Wilma 6 punished him, he remained stubborn.
“Steve, please! I care about you！”
7 ， Steve got it! “Someone CARES ABOUT ME？！”
One Monday a couple of weeks later, Miss Wilma gave a 8 on the weekend homework. Steve hurried through the test and was the first to hand in his paper. With a look of 9 ， Miss Wilma took his paper and began to look it over.
Miss Wilma's face was in a total shock! She glanced up at Steve, then 10 ， then up. The smartest boy in the seventh grade had just passed his first test!
From that moment, nothing was the same for Steve. He discovered that not only could he remember and understand 11 ， but he could translate what he learned into his life. He became outstanding.
After high school, Steve enlisted in the Navy, and he had a(n) 12 military career. During his naval years, he inspired many young people who might not have 13 themselves without him.
A 14 took place within the heart of a boy all because of one teacher, who 15 ．
【语篇解读】 Steve曾经每次考试都不及格，但是Miss Wilma看到成绩的时候，却说他是班里最聪明的学生，而且告诉他老师非常关心他。Steve感受到老师对自己的良苦用心，从此刻苦学习，改变了自己的命运。老师对他的影响促使他用同样的方法去影响并且帮助更多的人。
1．A.missing B．failing
C．passing D．skipping
B [根据下文可知，Steve学习成绩很差；故可推知，他自一年级以来成绩就不及格，故选B。下文中的“failing”也是提示。]
2．A.tested B．classified
C．separated D．dismissed
A [根据语境及下文内容可知，此处是说第一学期期中七年级全部学生进行基本技能测试。test“测试”符合语境。]
3．A.questions B．effects
C．lessons D．results
D [根据上文可知，七年级全部学生进行了基本技能测试，故此处应是指查看测试成绩(results)。]
4．A.fills B．presses
C．breaks D．destroys
C [根据语境可知，此处表示告诉Steve他考试没及格使Miss Wilma心碎。break“使心碎”。]
5．A.dropped B．raised
C．covered D．closed
A [根据语境可知，Steve此次测试未及格，所以当Miss Wilma提到Steve的时候，Steve双目低垂，认真检查自己的指尖。drop one's eyes“垂下眼睛”。]
6．A.strangely B．steadily
C．severely D．secretly
C [根据上文“After that, Steve still wouldn't do his homework”并结合语境可推知，即使Miss Wilma严厉地(severely)惩罚了Steve，但他仍然很固执。]
7．A.Commonly B．Unwillingly
C．Particularly D．Suddenly
D [根据语境可知，Steve突然顿悟，有人关心着自己。Suddenly“突然”符合语境。]
8．A.quiz B．chance
C．speech D．presentation
A [根据下文“ Steve hurried through the test and was the first to hand in his paper”可知，该处表示Miss Wilma组织了一场小测试(quiz)。]
9．A.disappointment B．surprise
C．satisfaction D．inspiration
B [根据下文中的“Miss Wilma's face was in a total shock”可知，Miss Wilma对Steve的表现非常惊讶(surprise)。disappointment“失望”；satisfaction“满意”；inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”。]
10．A.down B．away
C．out D．back
A [根据该句“She glanced up at Steve, then ， then up”可知，Miss Wilma深感震惊，上下打量Steve。down“向下”符合语境。]
11．A.homework B．grades
C．knowledge D．subjects
C [根据语境以及空后的“but he could translate what he learned into his life”可知，Steve不但记住并理解了知识，而且可以把所学知识(knowledge)应用到生活中。]
12．A.tiring B．ordinary
C．hardworking D．successful
D [根据上文并结合语境可推知，毕业后，Steve参加了海军，并且度过了成功的(successful)军旅生涯。tiring“令人困倦的”；ordinary“普通的”；hardworking“努力的”。]
13．A.relied on B．looked after
C．turned to D．believed in
D [根据语境可知，Steve在海军服役期间鼓舞了许多年轻人，如果不是他，这些年轻人可能不会相信(believed in)自己。]
14．A.competition B．choice
C．change D．campaign
C [根据上文可知，Steve在Miss Wilma的关心下，发生了改变(change)。]
15．A.waited B．listened
C．wished D．cared
D [参见上题解析。与上文中的“I care about you”呼应。]
