三言
两语
1.The cause of natural disasters is the behavior of human beings.
2．Disaster Day is aiming at proposing everyone to stop doing the things that will cause natural disasters.
3．Natural disasters have caused serious tragedy，leaving plenty of people hurt or died.
1.灾难对经济和社会的可持续发展有着严重的影响，威胁到人类的生存。
Disasters have a great influence on the sustainable development of economy and society and threatens the survival of mankind.
2．自然灾害是当今世界必须面临的最大问题之一。
Natural disasters are one of the biggest problems (that) the current world has to face.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.wave n．波浪；波涛
vi.波动；起伏；挥手
2．suit n．一套外衣；套装
vt.适合；使适宜
3．precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的
4．tremble vi.摇晃；摇动；颤抖
5．guarantee vt.保证；担保
6．bathe vi.洗澡；游泳
7．shoot vt.射中；射伤
8．arouse vt.激发；唤醒
9．threat n．恐吓；威胁
10．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的； 不舒适的
11．equipment n．设备；装备
12．potential n. 潜在性；可能性；潜能
adj. 可能的；潜在的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Waving (wave) goodbye to them on the platform, I felt happy for them and wished them a safe journey.
2．I consider it necessary for the government to_arouse (arouse) public awareness of protecting environment.
3．Not all students are_guaranteed (guarantee) jobs when they graduate from college in the present economic situation.
4．(全国卷)The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.
5．(湖北卷)I learned that shouting and threats (threat) of punishment would result in a disaster.
拓
展
单
词
1.appoint vt.任命； 委派→ appointment n．约定； 任命
2．absolute adj.绝对的； 完全的→ absolutely adv.绝对地； 完全地
3．actual adj.实在的； 实际的→ actually adv.实际地
4．anxious adj.忧虑的； 不安的→ anxiously adv.不安地→ anxiety n．担心； 焦虑； 渴望
5．panic vi.&vt.惊慌 n．惊慌； 恐慌→ panicked(过去式)→ panicked(过去分词)
6．appreciate vt.欣赏； 感激→appreciation n．欣赏； 感激； 感谢
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He was appointed as manager of the company.But to everyone's surprise, he didn't accept the appointment．(appoint)
2．He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety．(anxiety)
3．People with an appreciation of art and literature can appreciate works of art.(appreciate)
阅
读
单
词
1.volcano n．火山
2．hurricane n．飓风；风暴
3．database n．数据库；资料库
4．fountain vi.&vt.泉水般地喷出或涌出
n．喷泉；源泉
5．candidate n. 候选人；候补者
6.erupt vi.(指火山)爆发；_突然发生
7．typhoon n．台风
8．evaluate vt.评估；_评价；_估计
9. unconscious adj.失去知觉的；_未察觉的
10．fog n．雾
11.document n．文件；证件
12. diverse adj.多种多样的；不同的
13．sweat n．汗
vi.出汗
14．sample n．样品；样本
15．persuasion n．信服；说服
1．During the film's production, the director wanted to shoot a riot scene but the filming was blocked.拍摄；摄影
2．The police have absolute proof that he carried out the bomb attack on the capital last week.确凿的
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.be home to是……的栖息地
2．in the distance在远处
3．make one's way前往
4．take notice(of)留意；注意
5．have a gift for有……的天赋
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
As a volcanologist，my uncle's job is not just to watch a volcano erupting ①in the distance.He must make ②his way to the edge of volcanoes and collect some information.While watching，he has to take notice ③of the lava in case of being hurt by it.
6.be about to即将
7．glance through匆匆看一遍
8．vary from ...to...由……到……不等
9．compared with与……相比
10．burn to the ground全部焚毁
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Compared ④with the fire，the temperature of lava may vary from hundreds of degrees ⑤to over one thousand degrees.The lava from the volcano can burn everything ⑥to the ground.So if you are about ⑦to watch a volcano eruption，you must make full preparations for it.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.现在分词的完成式作状语
Having collected and evaluated the information，I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
已经意识到保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少污染。
Having realized the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the pollution.
2.独立主格作原因状语
The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.
这是你第一次公开演讲，你感到紧张是很自然的。
This being your first speech in public, it is natural that you feel nervous.
3.It is said that...“据说……”
It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.
据报道，未来几年，月球上将修建一座空间站。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.
1.appoint vt.约定；指定(时间、地点等)；任命；委任
(1)appointment n．任命；指派；约会；约定
make/have an appointment with sb.与某人约会
keep/break an appointment守/失约
(2)appoint...(as)＋职位 任命……为……
appoint sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事
(3)appointed adj.指定的；约定的
the appointed hour of the ceremony
既定的典礼时间
appoint a new head teacher at my school
我校任命了一位新校长
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·北京卷)—Good morning, Mr.Lee's office.
—Good morning.I'd like to make an appointment(appoint)for next Wednesday afternoon.
b．My patient didn't turn up at the appointed (appoint)time, that is, she broke an appointment.
② (浙江卷)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed to guard (guard)her.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)He was appointed (as) captain (被任命为队长)of the basketball team and led the players to the 2020 Olympic Games.
(高级表达) Appointed (as) captain of the basketball team，he led the players to the 2020 Olympic Games.(过去分词短语作状语)
2.suit n．一套外衣；套装 vt.适合；使适宜
(1)suit sb.(fine) (很)合某人的意；对某人(很)合适
suit...to...使……适合/适应……
suit oneself 随自己的意愿行事；自便
(2)suitable adj.适当的；相配的
be suitable for＝ be fit for适合；胜任
be suitable to do ...适合做……
a suit of clothes一套衣服
wear a dark suit穿着一套深色衣服
a suitable place for a picnic适合野餐的地方
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①She had the ability to suit her performance to different audience, which amazed us.
②In my opinion, making a suitable(suit) timetable is necessary and important for us to make good use of our time.
[链接写作]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷)因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。
①I do believe this voluntary work suits me, because I have a good knowledge of English.
②I do believe I am suitable for/am fit for this voluntary work, because I have a good knowledge of English.
3.anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的；渴望的
(1)be anxious for/about sth.为……担心(忧虑)
be anxious (for sb.)to do sth.渴望(某人) 做……
(2)anxiety n．焦虑；忧虑；担心
with anxiety焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv.焦急地；忧虑地；渴望地
an anxious look/face/expression 忧虑的目光/面容/表情
ask/wait anxiously 忧虑地问/等待
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)She was anxious to know (know)what had happened.
②a.(2018·天津卷)Anxiously(anxious)I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
b．(北京卷)Anxious(anxiety) all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.
③If you are worried about your health, share your anxiety(anxious) with your doctor.
[链接写作]—— 完成句子/句式升级
我非常担心即将到来的考试，以至于晚上睡不着觉。
(普通表达)I'm so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
(高级表达)Anxious about the coming exam, I can hardly fall asleep at night.(形容词作状语)
[名师点津] 表示渴望(做)某事的常用短语还有：long to do sth./for sth.；desire to do sth./for sth.；be eager to do sth./for sth.；be dying to do sth./for sth.等。
4.guarantee vt.保证；担保 n．保证；保证书
(1)guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人保证某事
guarantee to do/that...保证做……；确保……
(2)under guarantee 在保修期内
give sb.a guarantee (that)．..向某人保证……
a two-year guarantee on all electrical goods
所有的电器商品都有两年的保修期
give a guarantee of good behaviour保证行为端正
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.I guarantee to pay (pay) off my debts on time, no matter what happens.
b．We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to succeed(succeed) in the end.
②The shop said they would replace the television as long as it was still under guarantee.
[链接写作]——一句多译
你能向我保证按时完成工作吗？
①Can you guarantee to me that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee v．)
②Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？(guarantee n．)
5.make one's way 前往
fight one's way 奋力前进
lose one's way 迷路
feel one's way摸索前进
push one's way挤出来
wind one's way蜿蜒前进
find one's way设法到达
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Look! Many children are making their way to the beach happily.
②It was so foggy that we had to feel our way home.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(2019·江苏卷) 科学家已经获得更多的证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。
Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
②长城像一条巨龙，蜿蜒在中国北方。
The Great Wall winds its way across north China like a huge dragon.
6.[教材佳句]The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。
[句法句式]句中this being my first experience为独立主格结构，相当于原因状语。
独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，它独立存在。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。常见的独立主格结构：
名词/代词＋
[金句推送] My childhood full of play and adventure, no one could have passed a happier childhood than myself.我的童年充满了嬉戏和冒险，没人能像我那样欢快地度过童年。
[基础练习]—— 单句语法填空
①a.(全国卷)The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting(permit)．
b．(江苏卷)Much time spent(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He was listening attentively in class.His eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
(高级表达)He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard．(独立主格结构)
(高级表达)He was listening attentively in class, with his eyes fixed on the blackboard．(with复合结构)
7.[教材佳句] It is said that this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people.据说这个男孩就是满族人的祖先，他具有语言天赋和很强的说服力。
[句法句式]It is said that...意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，指代that 引导的从句。
(1)据说……(不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。)
(2)It is reported that...据报道……
It is suggested that...有人建议……
It is thought that...人们认为……
It is known that...众所周知……
[金句推送] It is said that carbon dioxide is heating the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.据说二氧化碳正以先前人们所担忧的两倍的速度加热着地球。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(福建卷)Body language is said to account(account) for 55 percent of a first impression.
b．The professor is said to have succeeded(succeed) in carrying out this experiment so far.
②a.(上海卷)The flu is believed to be caused(cause)by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.
b．(湖北卷)A number of paintings in this castle are believed to have been destroyed(destroy) in a fire in 2009.
[链接写作]——一句多译
据说几天前她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。
①It is said that she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.
②She is said to have written a report about wildlife protection the other day.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(天津卷)Anxiously (anxious)，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only to find it didn't fit.
2．This being (be) my first performance, I was so nervous that I felt I could hardly breathe.
3．A new railway station is said to be built (build) in my hometown next year.
4．She was the first woman to be appointed (appoint) to the board, for which she felt very excited and happy.
5．The mobile phone was guaranteed (guarantee) for one year，but it went wrong after he used it for one month.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．After admiring the beautiful view, she made her way to the next destination.
7．This programme is not suitable for children.
8．It's said that this beautiful village was once burnt to the ground during the war.
9．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.
10．Compared with other European countries, lifestyle in Italy is slower and more relaxing.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．I was about to hand in the paper when I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.
12．Having waited(wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.
13．It is reported that there are about 6，800 languages in the world today.
14．In the tent, there were many children from the earthquake-stricken area, their ages varying (vary)from 10 to 17.
15．To show our appreciation (appreciate) for all your hard work, we'd like to give you a bonus.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P34—35教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
I 1.was appointed (appoint) as a volcanologist twenty years ago.The job is exciting but 2.occasionally (occasional) dangerous.I don't mind the danger because I help protect ordinary people from the volcanoes.What I do is to collect database about Mount Kilauea, 3.an active volcano in Hawaii.Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.
When 4.boiling (boil) rock erupts from a volcano and crashes back to earth, it causes 5.less (little) damage than you might imagine.The reason is 6.that no one lives near the top of Mount Kilauea, where the rocks fall.However, the lava can bury everything in 7.its (it) path under the molten rock.
Once I was lucky enough 8.to have (have) a much closer look at the volcano the day after its 9.eruption (erupt) with two other scientists.We had to wear protective suits that covered our whole body.We made our way 10.to the edge of the crater and collected some lava for later study.That was my first experience.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①火山爆发会引起恐慌，有可能将所经之处的一切焚烧殆尽。
When volcanoes erupt, they cause panic and have potential to burn everything to the ground in its path.
②事实上，空气中的火山灰使飞机没法飞行。
Actually, ashes in the air make it impossible for flights to work．
③在飞行前，我们需要评估大气质量，以免陷入恐慌中。
Before the plane takes off, we should evaluate the quality of atmosphere in order not to get into panic．
④如果你即将飞越火山地区，你应该留意最新的火山信息。
If you are about to fly across the volcano area, you should take notice of the latest news about it.
2．升级平淡句
用独立主格结构和原因状语从句升级句①
Volcanoes erupting, people feel panicked because volcanoes have potential to burn everything to the ground in its path.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：actually、so)
Volcanoes erupting, people feel panicked because volcanoes have potential to burn everything to the ground in its path. Actually, ashes in the air make it impossible for flights to work. So before the plane takes off, we should evaluate the quality of atmosphere in order not to get into panic. If you are about to fly across the volcano area, you should take notice of the latest news about it.
课件75张PPT。选修6Unit 5 The power of nature诵读话题经典have a great influence on (that) the currentworld has to face 构建知识体系wave suit precious tremble guarantee bathe shoot arouse threat uncomfortable equipment potential Waving to arouse are guaranteed bathing threats appointment absolutely actually anxiously anxiety panicked panicked appreciation appointed appointment anxious anxiety appreciation appreciate 火山 飓风；风暴 数据库；资料库 泉水般地喷出或涌出 喷泉；源泉 候选人；候补者 (指火山)爆发； 突然发生 台风 评估； 评价； 估计 失去知觉的； 未察觉的 雾 文件；证件 多种多样的；不同的 汗 出汗 样品；样本 信服；说服 拍摄；摄影 确凿的 be home to in the distance make one's way take notice(of) have a gift for in his of be about to glance through vary from ...to... compared with burn to the ground with to to to Having realized the importanceof protecting the environmentThis being your first speech inpublicIt is reported that 突破思维瓶颈appointment appointed to guard was appointed (as) captain Appointed (as) captain of the basketball team to suitable suits meam suitable for/am fit for to know Anxiously Anxious anxiety so anxious about Anxious about the coming examto pay to succeed under guarantee to me give me a guarantee to our findingits way winds its way permitting spent his eyesfixed on the blackboard with his eyesfixed on the blackboardto account to have succeeded to be caused to have been destroyed It is said that is said to have written a report 强化运用技能Anxiously being to be built to be appointed was guaranteed to for to to with when Having waited It varying appreciation was appointed occasionally an boiling less that its to have eruption to volcanoes eruptcause panic and have potential to Actuallymake it impossible for flights towork evaluate the quality in order not to get into panic are about to take notice of Volcanoes erupting, people feel panicked because volcanoeshave potential to burn everything to the ground in its path. Volcanoes erupting, people feel panicked because volcanoes have potential to burn everything to the ground in its path. Actually, ashes in the air make it impossible for flights to work. So before the plane takes off, we should evaluate the quality of atmosphere in order not to get into panic. If you are about to fly across the volcano area, you should take notice of the latest news about it.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(三十)
Unit 5 The power of nature
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Janet has a 1.diversity (diverse) of interests. She especially likes rock climbing. Unfortunately, she fell off one day, becoming 2.unconscious (conscious). She was immediately sent to a hospital with good doctors and advanced medical 3.equipment (equip). After a careful 4.evaluation (evaluate), they worked out a treatment plan. Janet came to herself after 3 days. Her mother's 5.anxiety (anxious) was removed and she showed her 6.appreciation (appreciate) from the bottom of her heart to the doctors for their care and patience.
B
Talents vary 7.from person to person. Tom has a gift 8.for languages. For example, he picked 9.up much Japanese during his three-month visit to Japan. By the time he waved goodbye to his Japanese friends, he was able to speak Japanese fluently. His wife, anxious 10.about his safety, phoned him frequently when he was overseas, warning him never to make 11.his (he)way to anything risky.
C
This 12.being (be) my first visit to an African country, I am scared and feel pretty anxious. It 13.is said (say) that most blacks are aggressive and uneducated. Not 14.having met (meet) any black people before, I wonder if I can fit in with their customs and tradition. 15.However challenging life is over there, I must find ways myself to adapt to it as soon as possible.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．工作了两天，史蒂夫如期完成了报告。(现在分词作状语)
Having worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
2．我们学校有三个大的多媒体教室，每一间都配备了最新的电脑。(独立主格结构)
We have three large multi-media classrooms in our school, each equipped with the newest computers．
3．他正要告诉我这个秘密，这时有人拍了拍他的肩膀。(be about to do ... when ...)
He was just about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the shoulder.
4．这是因为我们最终认识到它实际上是一种非常环保的生活方式。(because引导的表语从句)
This is because we finally realized that it is actually a very eco-friendly way to live.
5．据报道当今世界上有三千多种语言。(it作形式主语的主语从句)
It is reported that there are more than 3，000 languages in the world today.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·广东省六校联盟第三次联考)NEW YORK—A massive winter storm paralyzed much of the US East Coast on Thursday and Friday, dumping as much as 46 centimeters of snow from the Carolinas to Maine. It also caused flooding on the streets of Boston due to swelling storm tides, forced the cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights and closed businesses, offices and schools.
Some meteorologists (气象学家) classified the storm as a “bomb cyclone” for its sharp drop in atmospheric pressure would be followed immediately by a blast of cold air that could break records in more than two dozen cities and bring wind chills as low as －40℃ during the weekend.
From Baltimore, Maryland, to Caribou in Maine, efforts were underway to clear roadways of ice and snow as wind chill temperatures were to plunge during the day, reaching －40℃ in some parts after sundown, according to the National Weather Service.
Utility companies across the East worked to repair downed power lines early on Friday as about 21，000 customers remained without electricity, down from almost 80，000 the day before, and issued warnings that temperatures may become dangerously low.
“If the temperature in your home begins to fall, we recommend taking shelter elsewhere until service can be restored. You can find warming centers by contacting local authorities，” National Grid power company, which serves Massachusetts, said on Twitter.
Airlines canceled 4，000 flights on Thursday and hundreds more on Friday, according to FlightAware.com, an online tracking service.
Mayor Bill de Blasio said it could feel like -30℃ on Friday and Saturday nights with the wind chill. “This is a serious, serious storm, and may be the most severe in 2018，” he said at a news conference.
New York Governor Andrew Cuomo declared a state of emergency for the southern part of the state, while New Jersey Governor Chris Christie declared a state of emergency for several counties.
【语篇解读】 本文属于新闻报道。大规模的暴风雨于周四和周五袭击了美国东海岸，给当地的生产和生活造成了严重影响。
1．Which of the following is NOT the consequence of the massive winter storm?
A．Breakdown of the US coast.
B．Flooding in Boston.
C．Cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights.
D．Closure in business, offices, and schools.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It also caused flooding on the streets of Boston due to swelling storm tides, forced the cancellation of nearly 5，000 flights and closed businesses, offices and schools.”可知，受暴风雪的影响，波士顿暴发了洪水，近5 000架次的航班被迫取消，企业、办公楼和学校也被迫关闭。只有A项没有提到，故选A。]
2．Why did some meteorologists classify this winter storm as “bomb cyclone”？
A．Because it will cause changeable atmospheric pressure.
B．Because the scale of this storm could break records in lots of cities.
C．Because of the deadly and destructive effects of this storm.
D．Because of the extremely cold air and the wind chills in this storm.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段可知，一些气象专家将此类风暴归为“炸弹气旋”的原因是气压的急剧下降，而随后还会有一股冷空气到来，打破了20多座城市的记录，导致周末时气温低至－40℃。故选D。]
3．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “plunge” in Para.3?
A．Decline steadily.
B．Drop dramatically.
C．Fluctuate violently.
D．Fall moderately.
B [词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“...wind chill temperatures were to plunge during the day, reaching －40℃ in some parts after sundown...”可知，一些地区的风寒温度在日落后会降到－40℃。据此可知，画线词的含义为“突然下降”，故选B。]
4．About the rescue work, which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A．People were making great efforts to rid roadways of ice and snow.
B．About 101 thousand people were left without electricity on Thursday.
C．Residents can stay in warming centers until heating service is restored.
D．Aviation service hasn't been brought back to normal yet until Friday.
B [细节理解题。根据第三段可知，人们正在加紧清理路面上的冰雪，故排除A项；根据第五段前两句可知，在供暖服务恢复之前，居民可以住在供暖中心，故排除C项；根据第六段可知，航班服务仍然没有恢复正常，故排除D项。根据第四段内容可知，周五早些时候，电力公司都在努力修复被击落的电线，当时大约有21 000家没有电，比前一天的差不多80 000减少了，故可知周四没有电的不是101 000家。故选B。]
B
(2019·石家庄市毕业班教学质量检测)Most dog owners are convinced that their four-legged friends know exactly what they mean when they use certain words like “sit”，“stay”or “treat”. However, researchers have always wondered whether dogs really understand human speech or if they rely on other information to get the meaning. For example, does the word “fetch” form a picture of a stick or ball in the dog's mind, or does the dog bring back the object based on the owner's voice or gesture? A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems to indicate that “man's best friend” does indeed know what the owner is saying.
The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball. Once the dogs had mastered the task, they took turns inside a special scanner. The owners then tested their dog's language skill by first calling out the names of the toys they had been trained to recognize and then saying meaningless words such as“bobbu” and“bodmick” while holding up random objects the dogs hadn't seen before.
The scans suggested that the parts of the dogs' brains responsible for processing sounds showed different brain patterns when they heard words they were familiar with, compared with the ones they had never heard before. While that was not enough to prove that the dogs were picturing their toys when they heard the word, it did indicate some sort of recognition. The researchers believe this is an important step in understanding how dogs process language.
Something even more interesting was that the dog's brains showed a higher level of neural (神经的) activity at the sound of unknown words. This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words. The researchers say the dogs may become cheerful at the sound of new words to try to understand them in the hope of delighting their masters. “Dogs want to please their owners, and perhaps also want to receive praise or food，” says Emory neuroscientist Gregory Berns, senior author of the study.
However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training. “When people want to teach their dog a trick, they often use spoken commands because that's what we humans prefer，” Prichard says. “From the dog's view, however, a visual command might be more effective, helping the dog learn the trick faster.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，狗的确能理解主人说的话。
5．What's the purpose of the new study?
A．To convince dog owners to understand their dogs.
B．To advise dog owners to treat their dogs kindly.
C．To prove dogs follow owners' order by listening.
D．To test out how dogs get information from owners.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“A new study by scientists at Atlanta's Emory University seems to indicate that ‘man's best friend’ does indeed know what the owner is saying”可知，亚特兰大的埃默里大学的科学家进行的一项新研究似乎表明，“人类最好的朋友”确实知道主人在说什么，并结合全文可知，该研究的目的是测试狗是如何理解主人的话的，故D项正确。]
6．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?
A．Inform the result of the research.
B．State the process of the research.
C．Stress the importance of the research.
D．Introduce the subjects of the research.
B [写作意图题。根据第二段第一句“The researchers began by asking the owners of twelve dogs of various kinds to train their pets to identify two toys of different materials, such as a toy animal and a ball”并结合该段内容可知，该段主要介绍了进行研究的过程，包括让不同品种的狗识别不同材料的玩具等，据此可知，该段旨在介绍研究过程，故B项正确。]
7．How do human brains and dog brains react to words?
A．Human brains become active in unfamiliar words.
B．Dog brains become delighted at unfamiliar words.
C．Human brains are not sensitive to familiar words.
D．Dog brains show no response to familiar words.
B [细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“Something even more interesting...This is the exact opposite of what happens in human brains, which get more active at the sound of familiar words”可知，对于不熟悉的单词，狗的大脑呈现出高水平的神经活动，而人类的大脑相反，故B项正确。]
8．What do scientists advise the owners to do in dog training?
A．Give dogs oral commands.
B．Teach dogs new tricks.
C．Involve sight and smell.
D．Encourage faster learning.
C [细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“However, though your pet may understand human speech, the scientists recommend using visual signals and smell for training”可知，尽管狗可能理解人类的语言，但科学家们建议使用视觉信号和嗅觉来训练它们，故C项正确。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·长沙市统一模拟)It is not as simple as opening the door and hitting the track in winter. There are a few things you can do to ensure you are getting the most out of your run and, importantly, not doing more harm than good.
Warm up, cool down
1 . Your muscles need some time to warm up when it's cold, so take it easy when you set off and do a few stretches once you're finished.
Drink water
You might not feel hot, but that's because sweat evaporates(蒸发) more quickly into the chilly, dry air. So be sure to drink water before, during and after cold-weather workouts. 2 . A belt bottle conveniently attaches to your waist so you don't have to carry it and can have a drink whenever you feel like it.
3
Running in cotton is a bad idea. Wear thin, breathable layers of synthetic(合成的) clothing that help protect you from the wind and snow, but still let out heat and moisture. Thirty percent of your body heat escapes through your hands and forty percent through your head. Wear a hat, or beanie(无檐小便帽), and gloves so your circulatory system can distribute warm blood to the rest of your body. 4 ．
Run into the wind
5 . Obviously, it will be an easier passage home with some extra help from Mother Nature. But, more importantly, you won't have the wind in your face for the second half of your run, when you are more likely to be sweating and catch a chill.
A．Dress right
B．Keep warm
C．Don't go too fast, too soon
D．Start and finish in the same way
E．Don't wait to drink water until you feel thirsty
F．Head out into the wind and come home with it at your back
G．On really cold days, wear a mask or scarf over your mouth to protect your face
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬季室外跑步的一些注意事项，包括做好热身运动、注意饮水以及穿合适的衣物等。
1．C [根据该段小标题Warm up, cool down以及空后的“Your muscles need some time to warm up”可知，C项符合语境。]
2．E [根据段落小标题Drink water并结合空前一句“So be sure to drink water before, during and after cold-weather workouts”可知，E项“不要等到你感到口渴的时候才喝水”符合语境，衔接上文。]
3．A [根据空处所在位置以及文章结构可知，空处为段落小标题；通读该段可知，本段主要是讲跑步时的穿着，故选A项。]
4．G [空处所在段讲的是冬季室外跑步的着装要求，故G项与此处匹配。]
5．F [根据本段的小标题Run into the wind并结合空后一句可知，跑步回家时顺着风，让风在你背后推着你走，故F项符合语境。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon 1.________(find) a deeper appreciation for this season.
The change of leaf colors is a common reason given 2.________ the love of fall. Each tree reacts 3.________(different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other 4.________(tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect 5.________(call) the flight-or-fight response.
Fall is a time of 6.________(reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. I'm 7.________ 18-year-old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps 8.________(move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn't stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.
The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you 9.________(go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover 10.________ fall means to you.
【语篇解读】 作者喜欢秋天这个季节，它是作者反思和准备未来的时刻，让作者保持前进。
1．found [考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“Last weekend”和and前面的“went”可知，此处叙述发生在过去的事，故填found。]
2．for [考查介词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用固定搭配the reason for...“……的原因”，故填介词for。]
3．differently [考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰动词reacts，故填differently。]
4．trees [考查名词的单复数。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处other修饰名词复数，且谓语动词为复数，故填trees。]
5．is called [考查动词的时态和语态。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，call和主语This effect是被动关系，且此处描述的是一种客观情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is called。]
6．reflection [考查词性转换。of是介词，后面接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语，再结合空后的preparation可知，此处应填reflection。]
7．an [考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的男孩，且所修饰单词的发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。]
8．moving [考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事，继续做某事”，为固定用法，故填moving。]
9．to go [考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to go。]
10．what [考查宾语从句。根据语境且分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作宾语，表示“什么”，故填what。]
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
When I was ten years old, I lived with my family in a small house in rural South Jersey. I often accompanied my mother to the A&P to buy groceries. Without a car, we walked, and I would help her carry the bags.
My mother had to shop very carefully, as she was a waitress, and her salary barely sustained (勉强维持) us. One day, while she was weighing prices, a promotional display for the World Book Encyclopedia caught my eye. The volumes were beautifully cream-colored. Volume Ⅰ was ninety-nine cents with a ten-dollar purchase.
All I could think of while shopping was the book. I stood at the register (收银台) with my mother, holding my breath as the cashier rang up the items. It came to over eleven dollars. My mother produced a five, some singles, and a handful of change. As she was counting out the money, I somehow found the courage to ask for the encyclopedia (百科全书). “Could we get one？” I said, showing her the display. “It's only ninety-nine cents.”
I did not understand my mother's increasing anxiety; she did not have enough change and had to sacrifice a large can of peas to pay the amount, “Not now, Patricia，” she said sternly. “Today is not a good day.” I packed the groceries and followed her home, upset.
The next Saturday, my mother gave me a dollar and sent me to the A&P alone. Two quarts of milk and a loaf of bread — that's what a dollar in 1957. I went straight to the World Book display. There was only one first volume left, which I placed in my cart (购物车). I didn't need a cart, but took one so I could read as I went up and down the aisles. A lot of time went by and I knew I had to leave, but I couldn't bear to part with the book. With no detective in sight, I, impulsively (冲动地), put it inside my shirt and zipped up my jacket. I was a tall, skinny kid, and I am certain the shape of the book was obvious.
Paragraph 1：
My heart beating rapidly, I headed for the register.
Paragraph 2：
Back home, I told my mother what I had promised the detective.
【参考范文】
Paragraph 1：
My heart beating rapidly, I headed for the register. I paid the dollar for the three items and was about to leave when I felt a heavy tap on my shoulder. It was a big detective. “You stole something. You will be searched，” he announced. Horrified, I slid the book out from inside the shirt and handed it over. “An encyclopedia？” he asked, somewhat surprised. “Yes，” I whispered, trembling. “Why didn't you ask your parents to purchase it？” “I did, but they didn't have the money.” With a sigh, he made me promise to tell my parents about my wrongdoing and then let me leave.
Paragraph 2：
Back home, I told my mother what I had promised the detective. Unexpectedly, she didn't explode as usual. She fell silent, looking extremely anxious. Consumed with guilt, I gathered my courage, apologized and promised that it would never ever happen again. “All will be OK！” said my mother, wrapping me in her arms. Then she told me that she would go to the A&P to tell the detective I had admitted and that I should play outside. Hours later, when I was back home, I noticed a bag with my name on it. I opened it and packed inside was the World Book Encyclopedia, volume Ⅰ.
