三言
两语
1.Rubbish and waste water are being poured into the river；as a consequence，water resources have become badly polluted.
2．We should adopt reducing，reusing and recycling approaches to solve the problem and take good care of our environment.
3．With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse.
1.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
It is well-known that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.
2．现在，越来越多的人开始认识到，目前的环境与我们对地球的所作所为有很大关系。
Now more and more people become aware that the present environment has much to do with what we have done to the earth.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.witness vt.当场见到； 目击
n．目击者； 证人； 证据
2．opposite prep.在……对面
adj.相对的； 相反的
3．pause vi.&n.暂停； 中止
4．drag vt.拖； 拉； 扯
5．neat adj.〈口〉好的；整齐的；匀称的
6．flee vi.逃避；逃跑
vt.逃离
7．meantime adv.期间；同时
8．narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
9．shallow adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
10．awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The year 1849 witnessed (witness) a great war in that country.
2．Scientific studies have shown that making a habit of pausing (pause) before you do something can actually have a big impact on how your life turns out.
3．He arrived at school early in the morning，dragging (drag) his heavy instrument case across the campus.
4．People fled (flee) aimlessly in terror as the tsunami struck the city without any precaution.
5．To their relief，their students narrowly_(narrow) escaped from the shaking building.
拓
展
单
词
1.accommodate vt.提供住宿→accommodation n．住所；住宿
2．deep adj.&adv.深的(地)→depth_n．深(度)；深处→_deeply adv.深深地→deepen v．使加深；使强烈；变深
3．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策→urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的
4．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
5．reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．反射；反映；映像
6．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识；认识
7．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的→sharpen v．削尖；磨快；尖锐；变锋利
8．taste n．味道 v．品尝→tasty adj.好吃的；可口的→_tasteless adj.无味的
9．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.恐怖的；可怕的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It was a scary story and children were scared after they heard it.(scare)
2．Though the soup is tasty,_I've lost my sense of taste and it tastes just like tasteless water.(tasty)
3．The lake is over 20 meters in depth．So we were all moved deeply by the man who dived deep into the lake to save the boy.(depth)
4．Some flowers are reflected in the river and the reflection is very beautiful.(reflect)
5．If you can't find any accommodations elsewhere, here is a room which can accommodate up to five people.(accommodation)
6．It is urged that we (should) finish the job in such urgent time.(urge)
阅
读
单
词
1.anecdote n．轶事；奇闻
2．migration n．迁徙；迁居；移居
3．seaside n．&adj.海边(的)；海滨(的)
4．yell vi.大叫；呼喊
n．叫声；喊声
5.jog vi.慢跑
vt.轻推；轻撞
6．pure adj. 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的
7．tide n．潮(汐)；潮水；潮流
8．flashlight n．闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯
9．grey adj.&n.灰色(的) 10.steep adj.陡峭的
11．boundary n．界限；分界线
12．conservation n．保存；保护
13．suck vt.&vi.吮吸
14．seal n．海豹；封条；印章
15．pension n．养老金；退休金
1．(2017·浙江卷)Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.急剧的
2．(天津卷)Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the gap between them so that they can understand each other better.缩小
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.aim at瞄准
2．get close to靠近
3．hold up举起；阻止
4．be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到……
5．(be) scared to death吓死了
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Once I，together with my parents，visited Qingdao Ocean World.To my joy，I could get close ①to the shark in the aquarium.Although I was aware ②of the shark in the tank，I was nearly scared ③to death when the shark swam to me.
6.ahead of在……之前
7．help (...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
8．upside down上下翻转
9．in the meantime在此期间
10．be about to即将；将要
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
④In the meantime，there were many visitors ahead ⑤of us.They were also scared to scream.We were ⑥about to go to see other fishes when the shark turned around.Luckily，it was the feeder that drew its attention and helped us out．What an exciting experience we had under the sea！
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.It is/was a time when...“曾经一度……”，when引导定语从句
It was a time when the killer whales，or “killers” as they were then called，helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
我曾一度迷恋网络游戏。
It was a time when I was addicted to playing computer games.
2.“be about to＋动词原形”表示即将发生的事情
This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
我正要做作业这时停电了。
I was about to do my homework when the power was cut off.
3.where 引导地点状语从句
The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
作为年轻人，我们应该学会在我们跌倒的地方站起来。
As young men, we should learn to stand up where we fall.
1.urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
(1)urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge that...(should) do sth.极力主张； 强调……
(2)have/feel an urge to do sth.渴望做某事
(3)urgent adj.紧急的； 迫切的
urgency n．紧急；催促
in urgent need of money迫切需要钱
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷) Hearing that you'll give us a lecture about western art and want to hear our opinions about which topic to cover, I feel an urge to make(make) my voice heard.
②a.(江苏卷)Parents should actively urge their children to take (take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
b．(江西卷)In order to improve learning efficiency, I urge that all of us (should) form (form) the habit of thinking independently and reviewing lessons in time.
③a.(重庆卷)—Must you interrupt now？Can't you see I'm on the phone?
—Sorry Sir，but it's urgent (urge)．
b．The attack added a new urgency to that peace talk.
[链接写作]——一句多译
随着期末考试的来临，老师敦促我们努力学习。
①Our teacher urges us to study hard with the final exam drawing near.
②Our teacher urges that we (should) study hard, as the final exam is drawing near.
2.abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；中止；(与oneself连用)使放纵，使听任 n．放任；放纵
(1)abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
abandon oneself to doing sth.
沉湎于做某事；放纵(感情)于做某事
(2)with abandon纵情；放任地
(3)abandoned adj.抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的
an abandoned farm废弃的农场
abandon an animal遗弃动物
abandon himself to despair陷入绝望
[基础练习]—— 单句语法填空
①a.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)These plans were abandoned(abandon) because of financial problems.
b．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned (abandon)bricks of different ages.
②They abandoned carrying(carry)out the plan because of the bad weather.
[链接写作]—— 完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)He abandoned himself to playing computer games (沉迷于玩电脑游戏)and didn't pass the exam.
(高级表达)Abandoning himself to playing computer games，he didn't pass the exam.(现在分词短语作状语)
(高级表达)Abandoned to playing computer games，he didn't pass the exam.(过去分词短语作状语)
3.reflect vt.映射；反射；思考vi.思考
(1)reflect on/upon仔细考虑/沉思/反省……
(2)reflection n．反映，表现；倒影，影像；思考，反省
reflect Chinese cultural traditions反映了中国的文化传统
the reflection of the trees in the lake湖面映出树的倒影
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2019·江苏卷)A city is the product of the human hand and mind, reflecting (reflect)man's intelligence and creativity.
b．(上海卷)Sean's strong love for his country is reflected (reflect)in his recently published poems.
②Usually a child's behaviour is a reflection (reflect) of his family environment.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)When she reflected on(反思) her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.
(高级表达)Reflecting on her volunteer experience, Tina felt proud of what she managed to achieve together with her local colleagues.(分词短语作状语)
4.help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难；协助；使(某人)脱离困境
(1)help (sb.)(to)do sth.帮助(某人)做某事
help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
(2)can't help (to) do sth.不能帮着做某事
can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事
can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
(3)help oneself (to sth.)自取， 自用
help me out with this problem帮我解决问题
be always willing to help out总是急人之难
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(安徽卷)If parents have children help with housework, the children will feel needed.
b．He is always willing to help me out when I am in trouble.
②(重庆卷)Group activities will be organized after class to help children (to)develop (develop) team spirit.
③a.When thinking of the wonderful days I spent in New Orleans, I just can't help thinking (think) of you.
b．Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but turn(turn) to my parents for help.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)With the help of my teacher(在老师的帮助下), I have made great progress in my spoken English.
(高级表达)It is with the help of my teacher that I have made great progress in my spoken English.(强调句型)
5.be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到……
(1)be aware that...知道；体会到……
(2)awareness n．知道；认识；意识
develop/raise an awareness of...培养/提高……的意识
be aware of the dangers to their own health意识到对自身健康的危害
an awareness of the importance of eating a healthy diet认识到健康饮食的重要性
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(重庆卷)When visiting another country，you should be aware of those differences and respect them.
②(2019·北京卷)Earth Day is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness (aware)about environmental protection.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)Through the discussion, we realize the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country.
(高级表达)Through the discussion, we are aware of the necessity of carrying out a low-carbon economy in our country.
6. [教材佳句]The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended，there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.水很浅，但到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
[句法句式]句中where...，there be ...，意为“在……的地方， 有……”， where引导地点状语从句。另外 wherever“无论什么地方， 无论在何处”也可引导地点状语从句。
(1)where可以引导地点状语从句，修饰主句的谓语。
(2)where可以引导定语从句，修饰它前面的名词。
(3)where可以引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(重庆卷)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.
b．(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
②a.(2019·北京卷)What students do at college seems to matter much more than where they go.
b．(2018·北京卷)Without his support, we wouldn't be where we are now.
③Wherever she goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
[链接写作]——一句多译
很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方拔地而起。
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.(状语从句)
②A number of high buildings have arisen in the place where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.(定语从句)
[名师点津] 注意where 引导状语从句和where 引导定语从句的区别。where引导状语从句时，where是从属连词，where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词。where引导定语从句时，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前面有表示地点的先行词。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．(浙江卷)When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected(reflect) my interest.
2．This morning I received a telephone call from my dentist, urging me to come (come) to his practice for immediate treatment of my teeth.
3．Abandoned (abandon) to playing computer games，Wang Ping has fallen behind the other students in his studies.
4．After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodations (accommodate) for the homeless families.
5．They were about to watch(watch) their favourite movie when they heard a strange noise coming from outside.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．(浙江卷)Your performance as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on/upon how you learn.
7．Ordinary woman though she is, she tries every means to make people aware of the importance of the environmental protection.
8．He was obviously in some kind of trouble，but I didn't know how I could help him out．
9．—Where do you plan to work?
—I've made up my mind to go where I'm most needed.
10．It's about a time when there were black slaves in North America.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．The dispute has dragged(drag) on for months.
12．With economy developing at great speed, China has witnessed (witness) dramatic changes over the past 40 years.
13．Being educated (educate) in a famous university is what most students wish for.
14．After I heard the terrifying news, nothing could have stopped me from feeling scared (scare) to death.
15．He turned around and narrowly (narrow) escaped being hit by a car.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P20—21教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The story is about how the killers helped whalers catch huge whales.And it was when the writer was working at the whaling station 1.that he witnessed it with his own eyes.
Old Tom, one of the killers often led George, the writer and other whalers to the spot, 2.where a pack of about six other killers 3.were attacking(attack) a whale.While some were throwing themselves on top of the whale's blow-hole to stop it 4.breathing(breathe), others were stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea.And 5.finally(final), when the whaler killed the whale with harpoon, they dragged the dead whale down into the 6.depths(deep) of the sea and ate up its lips and tongue.After 24 hours, they brought it to the surface, 7.waiting(wait) for the whalers to bring in the body.
It's 8.astonishing(astonish) to know Old Tom and the other killers never harmed or attacked people, instead, they helped and saved them when they were 9.in trouble.For example, when James was once washed off the boat and struggled in the water, it was Old Tom that held him up in the water until they 10.got(get) the boat back to James.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①众所周知，在海洋深处有各种资源。
As we all know, there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean．
②过去的十年目睹了很多海洋生物的灭绝。
The past decade has witnessed that many marine creatures have died out.
③海洋污染受到全球极大的关注。
Marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world.
④我们应该使人们意识到保护海洋的重要性，因为保护海洋就是保护人类。
We must make people aware of the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.
⑤政府应督促立即采取措施保持生态平衡。
The government should urge immediate measures to keep the balance of nature.
⑥无论多么大的困难，我们绝不放弃保护海洋。
No matter how great the difficulty is, we will never abandon protecting the ocean．
2．升级平淡句
利用倒装句式升级句⑥
No matter how great the difficulty is, never will we abandon protecting the ocean.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however，therefore，on one hand，on the other hand)
As we all know, there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean.However, the past decade has witnessed that many marine creatures have died out.Therefore, marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world .
On one hand, we must make people reware of the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.On the other hand, the government should urge immediate measures to keep the balance of nature.No matter how great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean.
课件77张PPT。选修7Unit 3 Under the sea诵读话题经典It is well-known thatwhat we have done to the earth 构建知识体系witness opposite pause drag neat flee meantime narrow shallow awesome witnessed pausing dragging fled narrowly accommodation depth deeply deepen urgent abandoned reflection awareness sharpen tasty tasteless scared scary scary scared tasty taste tastes tasteless depth deeply deep reflected reflection accommodations accommodate urged urgent 轶事；奇闻 迁徙；迁居；移居 海边(的)；海滨(的) 大叫；呼喊 叫声；喊声 慢跑 轻推；轻撞 纯的；纯粹的；纯洁的 潮(汐)；潮水；潮流 闪光信号灯；手电筒；闪光灯 灰色(的) 陡峭的 界限；分界线 保存；保护 吮吸 海豹；封条；印章 养老金；退休金 急剧的 缩小 aim at get close to hold up be/become aware of (be) scared to death to of to ahead of help (...) out upside down in the meantime be about to In of about out It was a time when I was addictedto playing was about to do my homeworkwhen where we fall 突破思维瓶颈to make to take (should) form urgent to urges us to study hard urges that we (should) study hard were abandoned abandoned carrying abandoned himself to playing computer games Abandoning himself to playing computer games Abandoned to playing computer games reflecting is reflected reflection reflected on Reflecting on her volunteer experience with out (to)develop thinking turn With the help of my teacher It is with the help of my teacher that of awareness are aware of where where where where Wherever where therewas nothing in the place wherethere was nothing 强化运用技能reflected to come Abandoned accommodations to watch on/upon of out where whenhas dragged has witnessed Being educated scared narrowly that where were attacking breathing finally depths waiting astonishing in got at the depthof the ocean has witnessed has been greatly concerned make people aware of the importance of protectingthe ocean should urge immediate measures abandon protecting the ocean No matter how great the difficulty is, never will we abandonprotecting the ocean. As we all know, there are varieties of resources at the depth of the ocean.However, the past decade has witnessed that many marine creatures have died out.Therefore, marine pollution has been greatly concerned by the whole world . On one hand, we must make people reware of the importance of protecting the ocean. As a matter of fact, to protect the ocean is to protect human beings.On the other hand, the government should urge immediate measures to keep the balance of nature.No matter how great the difficulty is，never will we abandon protecting the ocean.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(三十三)
Unit 3 Under the sea
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Last week Mrs. Brown and her child was driving back home after a 1.tasty (taste) meal in a KFC restaurant when a car bumped into hers. That driver obviously got drunk. She and her child 2.narrowly (narrow) missed being killed in the 3.scary (scare) accident, but the child was badly injured. She was in the 4.depths (deep) of despair those days. This case has 5.sharpened (sharp) the debate over a ban of drunken driving. After days of 6.reflection (reflect) I wrote an article, calling on people to raise the 7.awareness (aware) of risks when driving or walking on the road. I also gave some suggestions, including keeping a phone around in case something 8.urgent (urge) happened.
B
Christmas is drawing 9.close/near, but my seven-year-old sister seems to be in low spirits. I am aware 10.of the fact that she is in some kind of trouble, but I don't know how I can help her 11.out. Tomorrow, my mother and I plan to do some shopping if the fine weather holds 12.up. My sister will stay home 13.in the meantime, babysitting our smallest brother. I'm reflecting 14.on what to do to make her pleased. Perhaps a beautiful doll will be a pleasant surprise to her on Christmas Eve.
C
There used to be a small village 15.where the two rivers join. Last winter, a terrible earthquake completely destroyed the village, with dead bodies 16.lying (lie) here and there. It was a time 17.when the survivors had to live with cold and hunger. Food and clothing could 18.have reached (reach) them but there were constant aftershocks(余震), which delayed the rescue work. The survivors, 19.being (be) very hungry, had to eat grassroots that they could find. It was not until five days later that helicopters came and took all of them to another place to settle in.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．我经常怀念我的童年。那是一段几乎每天都无忧无虑的日子。(It was a time when...)
I often miss my childhood. It was a time when I spent almost each day without worries.
2．当他们正打算看他们最喜爱的电影时，他们听到来自外面的一个奇怪的声音。(be about to... )
When they were about to watch their favorite movie, they heard a strange noise coming from outside.
3．请记住：哪里有问题，哪里就有解决办法。(where...there be...)
Remember that where there is a problem, there is always a solution．
4．每天，学生们要花三个多小时写作业。(it takes sb.＋时间＋to do...)
It takes the students more than three hours to do their homework every day.
5．我看见他安全地穿过马路跑开了。(see ... doing)
I saw him crossing the road safely and running away.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic.
The experts believe the machine should be able to collect half of the detritus in the patch—about 40，000 metric tons—within five years. In the past few weeks they have been busy welding together giant tubes that will sit on the surface of the sea and form the skeleton of the machine, creating the largest floating barrier ever made.
The system, originally dreamt up by Mr. Slat, will be shipped out this summer to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and California, which contains estimated 1.8 trillion pieces of plastic. It will be the first ever attempt to tackle the patch since it was discovered in 1997.
Mr. Slat was 16 and still at school when he was diving in Greece and first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea. “There were more bags than fish down there，” he recalls. Two years later he came up with a solution, quit university after six months and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a company. Mr. Slat says the first plastic to arrive on shore will be a major milestone. “We as humanity created this problem, so I think it's also our responsibility to help solve it，” he says.
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch(GPGP) covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers and contains at least 79，000 tons of plastic, research found last month. Most of it is made up of “ghost gear” — parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels.
Ghost gear kills more than 100，000 whales, dolphins and seals each year, according to scientific surveys. Seabirds and other marine life are increasingly being found dead with stomachs full of small pieces of plastic. Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it's food but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly. Others are trapped and die of starvation or are strangled or suffocated by ghost gear.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。
1．What does the underlined word in the second paragraph probably mean?
A．Waste. B．Ocean.
C．System. D．Machine.
A [词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“collect half of”和第四段第一句中的“first saw for himself the amount of plastic polluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”。故选A。]
2．Which one makes up most of the garbage in Pacific from the passage?
A．Fishing vessels.
B．Dolphins and seals.
C．Giant tubes.
D．Abandoned fishing gear.
D [细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Most of it is made up of ‘ghost gear’—parts of abandoned and lost fishing gear, such as nets and ropes—often from illegal fishing vessels”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。]
3．Why do some creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die of starvation?
A．Because they are killed by ghost gear.
B．Because they are suffocated by ghost gear.
C．Because they don't like eating plastic.
D．Because they are not feeding properly.
D [细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve to death because they are not feeding properly”可知，大太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。]
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．A report about the death of marine life.
B．News about the first machine to clean up ocean plastic.
C．Information about ocean plastic.
D．The reason for inventing a machine.
B [主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing to launch the world's first machine to clean up the planet's largest mass of ocean plastic”点明了文章的主题。故选B。]
B
(2019·合肥市第二次教学质量检测)Classifying things is critical for our daily lives. For example, we have to detect spam mail(垃圾邮件), false political news. When we use AI, such tasks are based on “classification technology” in machine learning—having the computer learn, using the boundary separating positive and negative data. For example, “positive” data would be photos including a happy face, and “negative” data photos that include a sad face. Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative.
However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases. For instance, when a retailer(零售商) is trying to predict who will make a purchase, they can easily find data on customers who have purchased from them(positive data), but it is basically impossible to obtain data on customers who have never purchased from them(negative data), since they do not have access to their competitors' data.
According to lead author Takashi Ishida from RIKEN AIP, “Previous classification methods could not cope with the situation where negative data were not available, but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users. Using our new method, we can let computers learn a classifier only from positive data equipped with confidence.”
According to Ishida, “This discovery could expand the range of applications where classification technology can be used. Even in fields where machine learning has been actively used, our classification technology could be used in new situations where only positive data can be gathered due to data regulation or business constraints(限制). In the near future, we hope to put our technology to use in various research fields, such as natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, and bioinformatics.”
【语篇解读】 分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。
5．How can the computer distinguish the positive data from the negative data?
A．By learning the classification boundary.
B．By updating the data collected regularly.
C．By separating happy faces and sad ones.
D．By introducing classification technology.
A [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Once a classification boundary is learned, the computer can determine whether certain data are positive or negative”可知，一旦学习了分类边界，计算机就可以确定某些数据是积极的还是消极的，由此可知，计算机是通过学习分类边界来区分积极数据和消极数据的。]
6．Why is the example mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A．To prove how important the positive data are.
B．To confirm that data on customers are complete.
C．To argue that retailers get their competitors' data.
D．To explain why negative data are hard to acquire.
D [细节理解题。根据文章的第二段，尤其是第一句“However, the difficulty with this technology is that it requires both positive and negative data for the learning process, and negative data are not available in many cases”可知，在学习过程中，它既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的，进而后面举例说明解释了为什么消极的数据很难获得。]
7．What do the underlined words“new method”in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Analyzing buying intention.
B．Building a confidence score.
C．Assessing the active rate of app users.
D．Equipping the computer with confidence.
B [推理判断题。根据文章的第三段，尤其是画线词组前一句中的“but we have made it possible for computers to learn with only positive data, as long as we have a confidence score for our positive data, constructed from information such as buying intention or the active rate of app users”可推知，画线词组所在句表示使用这种建立信心指数的新方法，我们就可以让电脑只用积极的数据来学习，故画线词组是指建立信心指数。]
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The History of Classification Technology
B．Smarter AI: Machine Learning Without Negative Data
C．Bigger Data: Computers Assisting Language Processing
D．The Comparison between Positive Data and Negative Data
B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，分类对我们的日常生活至关重要。然而在分类技术机器学习过程中，分类既需要积极的数据，也需要消极的数据，而消极的数据在很多情况下是很难获得的。现在科学家能用分类技术使机器学习只识别积极的数据。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·福建省质量检查测试)Every year, the fifth graders at Brookstone Elementary School went on a field trip to Washington, D．C. Terence 1 the exciting trip, and was dying to go the next year.
Terence asked his parents 2 if they would pay for half of the trip if he earned the other half of the money himself. His parents 3 . He had almost a year to earn $150. His first 4 was to earn money by babysitting, and he typed a nice letter 5 that “he would babysit during his neighbors' absence”. He named a few afternoons available and said he would 6 $1 per hour per child. After five babysitting 7 ， he earned $45.
When the warm weather arrived, Terence knocked on his neighbors' doors to ask if they needed help with 8 work. He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens. After the summer was over, he earned $75. When the fall arrived, he counted his money and 9 that he still needed $30 for his trip. Soon his mom saw an advertisement for a job for him. He got a job 10 newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper, $10 11 each Wednesday. It wasn't long before he had 12 money to go on the trip to Washington, D．C. He was 13 in time. The class trip was on October 15. His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they promised him. What a great feeling! He helped 14 the cost of his trip.
This experience 15 Terence in many ways, making his dream a reality with great efforts.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。小学生Terence非常渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行，他希望自己挣一半旅费，另一半由父母资助。父母答应后，他通过帮邻居照看小孩、修剪花园和给花园除杂草等工作攒够了钱。
1．A.prepared for B．laid out
C．referred to D．heard about
D [根据空前一句可知，每年Terence所在学校的五年级学生都要去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；结合该句中的“to go the next year”可知，Terence应该是听说了这个激动人心的旅行，就渴望来年也去。D项意为“听说”，故D项正确。A项意为“为……做准备”，B项意为“展开，铺开”，C项意为“涉及”，都与语境不符。]
2．A.curiously B．casually
C．anxiously D．briefly
C [根据上文可知，Terence渴望去华盛顿进行实地调查旅行；又结合语境可知，此处表示Terence急切地问他的父母是否愿意支付他参加旅行的一半费用。C项意为“急切地，渴望地”，故C项正确。]
3．A.submitted B．agreed
C．bargained D．refused
B [根据下文可知，他有近一年的时间去挣150美元；又根据下文中的“His mom and dad gave him a check for the $150 they promised him”可知，他的父母同意(agreed)为他支付一半的旅行费用。]
4．A.idea B．job
C．conclusion D．suggestion
A [根据该句中的“to earn money by babysitting” “typed a nice letter”并结合语境可知，他的第一个主意(idea)就是通过替人临时照看孩子来挣钱，并打了一封信，信上说(saying)在邻居不在时他可以帮他们照看孩子。]
5．A.declaring B．confirming
C．showing D．saying
D [参见上题解析。]
6．A.pay B．spend
C．charge D．donate
C [根据该句中的“$1 per hour per child”并结合语境可知，Terence帮邻居照看孩子的收费标准是每个孩子每小时一美元。C项意为“收费，开价”，故C项正确。]
7．A.negotiations B．sessions
C．attempts D．interviews
B [根据语境可知，在帮助邻居照看五次孩子后，他赚了45美元。B项意为“一段时间”，符合语境，故B项正确。]
8．A.yard B．paper
C．school D．volunteer
A [根据下文“He helped with mowing(修剪) and weeding gardens”可知，该处指当温暖的天气来临时，他敲邻居们的门问是否需要帮忙做院子(yard)里的工作。]
9．A.admitted B．determined
C．complained D．insisted
B [根据该句中的“he still needed $30 for his trip”和语境可知，数过钱后，他算出还需要30美元。determine“准确算出”符合语境。]
10．A.editing B．updating
C．printing D．delivering
D [根据该句中的“newspapers every Wednesday afternoon, making 5 cents for every paper”可知，他得到了一份在每周三下午送报纸的工作，每份报纸挣5美分，每周三总共(in total)挣10美元；deliver newspapers意为“送报纸”，故D项正确。]
11．A.at once B．on time
C．after all D．in total
D [参见上题解析。]
12．A.extra B．much
C．enough D．easy
C [根据上文描述的他还需要30美元和他每周三送报纸挣10美元可知，不久他就有足够的(enough)钱去华盛顿旅行了。]
13．A.just B．even C．ever D．still
A [根据下文“The class trip was on October 15”可推知，秋天时他赚够了钱，正好赶上旅行。A项意为“正好”，故A项正确。]
14．A.count B．cover
C．estimate D．reduce
B [根据上文可知，他挣了150美元，他的父母又给他150美元，所以他攒够了足以支付自己旅行的费用。B项意为“足以支付，够付”，符合语境，故B项正确。]
15．A.astonished B．shaped
C．excited D．impressed
B [根据语境并结合选项可知，这段经历在很多方面塑造了(shaped) Terence，他以巨大的努力使自己的梦想成为现实。]
