三言
两语
1.I feel proud of knowing your interest in Chinese history.
2．The Yeti is said to be a large，hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being.
3．We can know more about the life of great people as well as history and cultures of other countries.
1.在古代，中国经历了夏、商等大约20个朝代。
In ancient times，China got through about 20 dynasties，such as the Xia Dynasty，the Shang Dynasty and so on.
2．古代中国是人类文明最早的中心之一。
Ancient China was one of the earliest centers of human civilization.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.alternative n．可能的选择
adj.供选择的； 其他的
2．regardless adv.不管；不顾
3．somehow adv.以……方式；不知怎么地
4．skilful adj.有技巧的；熟练的
5．arrest vt.逮捕；吸引
n．逮捕；拘留
6．spit vt.吐出(唾液、食物等)
vi.吐痰
7．applaud_vi.&vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．What's worse, they spat/spit (spit) and even threw rubbish into the lake, totally ignoring the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.
2．He was_arrested (arrest) for spreading rumors on the Internet.
3．(浙江卷)Amazed at how skilful(skill) they were，I was determined to be just as good.
4．The moment the famous singer finished singing，the audiences stood up and applauded (applaud) warmly.
拓
展
单
词
1.identify vt.确认；识别；鉴别→ identification n．辨认；鉴定；确定；身份证明→identity n．身份；一致；同一性
2．starve vi.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n．挨饿；饿死
3．interrupt vt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止→ interruption n．打断；打岔；中止
4．assume vt.假定；设想→assumption n．设想；假定；担任→assuming conj.假设
5．sharp adj.锋利的→ sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利；尖锐；清晰；削尖→sharpener n．磨具；削具；铅笔刀
6．mess n．凌乱；脏→messy adj.凌乱的；脏的
7．analysis n．分析→analyses (pl.)→ analyse vt.分析
8．significant adj.重要的→ significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 ,
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After the identification of victim's appearance and age, the police identified that the identity of the killer.(identify)
2．If you interrupt others' conversation abruptly, you will be to blame for your interruption．(interrupt)
3．The old man was starved to death.People felt pity for his starvation．(starve)
4．I have been so busy that I have no time to clean the mess，so the house looks very messy．(mess)
5．With the teacher's help, I analysed the data of this experiment.The teacher considered my analysis is reasonable.(analyse)
6．The scientists think his invention is of great significance,_because it is significant to cure the patients of deadly disease.(significant)
阅
读
单
词
1.tentative adj.试探性的；不确定的
2．acute adj.有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
3．ample adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的
4．primitive adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的
5．ripen vt.& vi.使……成熟；成熟,6.gay adj.快乐的；欢快的
7．dizzy adj.头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的
8．accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进
9．category n．种类；类别；范畴
10．howl vt.& vi.嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫
n．长嚎；嗥叫
11．delete vt.删；删除
12．accuracy n．精确；准确_,13.division n．划分；分割；分配；分界线
14．systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
15．scratch n．(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠
vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏
16．pulse vi.强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动
n．脉搏；节拍
17．worship vt.&vi.崇拜；敬奉
n．崇拜；敬神
1．To preserve natural habitats, biologists expected the government to make laws that would arrest commercial development in these areas.阻止；遏止
2．If there is no president, power will be assumed by the most extremist forces.掌管；夺取
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.at most至多；最多
2．be aware of 知道；意识到
3．regardless of不管；不顾
4．date back (to ...) 追溯到；始于
5．keep out 关在门外；不准入内
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Last Sunday，our class visited the history museum in our city regardless ①of the hot weather.In the museum，we saw an old stone which was said to be a scraper used by our ancestors.The stone scraper dates back ②to the Xia Dynasty.When we were told its use，we were aware ③of our ancestors' wisdom.
6.cut up切碎
7．look ahead向前看；为将来打算
8．scare...away把……吓跑
9．fed up with受够了；饱受；厌烦
10．with/in relief 轻松地；如释重负地
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
The announcer also explained that the stone scraper could be used to cut ④up the meat.Besides，our ancestors had learned to scare the beasts ⑤away．However，they were fed up ⑥with their life，so they had to look ⑦ahead.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.if only ...意为“要是……就好了”
If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！
看看我面临的麻烦。要是我听了你的建议就好了。
Look at the trouble I am in.If only I had followed your advice.
2.had done...when...表示“刚刚……这时……”
She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
他刚走进教室， 这时铃声响了。
He had just entered the classroom when the bell rang.
1.alternative adj.供选择的；其他的 n．可能的选择；选择对象
(1)have no alternative but to do sth.
别无选择只好做某事
an alternative to...
……的替代物(to是介词)
(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地
alternative ways/approaches/
methods to learning可供选择的学习方法
an alternative to traditional teaching methods
代替传统的教学方法
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(湖北卷)As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of alternative(alternatively) energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.
②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to communicating (communicate) with others.
[链接写作]——一句多译
(福建卷)失败乃成功之母。有时候，为了成功，我们不得不勇敢地直面失败并从中吸取教训。
①Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no alternative but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
②Failure is the mother of success.Sometimes, in order to succeed, we have no choice but to face failure bravely and learn from it.
[名师点津] “别无选择只得……”的表达方式还有：have no choice but to do；cannot (help) but do；can do nothing but do。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式 (does，did，done)，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。
2.interrupt vt.&vi.打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事
(2)interruption n．打扰，插嘴，打岔；阻断物
without interruption连续地，不断地
interrupt the speaker演讲者
be interrupted by a knock at the door被敲门声打断了
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(湖北卷)You shouldn't have interrupted (interrupt) the meeting to tell me that；you could have come to tell me afterward.
b．There was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted (interrupt) me that evening.
②Heavy smog and fog continued to hit many parts of east and north China, causing traffic interruptions (interrupt)．
[链接写作]——完成句子
她连续几年坚持体育锻炼。
She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption．
[名师点津] interrupt突然中断、打断他人的言语或行为，使其不能继续，侧重打断。disturb较正式的用词，多用被动语态。指“扰乱”，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的打扰。
3.assume vt.设想；假定；认为；承担
(1)assume that...假定，认为……
assume...to be...认为……是……；假定……是……
(2)assuming that假定……(作状语)
(3)assumption n．假定；假设
assume the worst做最坏的假设
assume responsibility承担责任
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江苏卷)Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latter is due to the former.
②(2018·江苏卷)Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) you've made.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)If I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
(高级表达)Assuming (that) I am chosen to be a volunteer at Beijing Winter Olympic Games, I will serve the people heart and soul.
4.date back (to...)(＝date from)追溯到……；始于
out of date过时的；陈旧的
up to date最新式的；现代的
to date (＝so far)迄今；至今；到目前为止
fix/set a date for确定……的日期
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.The old town dates (date) back to the late seventeenth century.
b. Dating (date)back to 300 years ago，the stone house is well preserved.
②a.(天津卷)The dictionary is out of date: many words have been added to the language since it was published.
b．I have had many books on literature to date, but none of them are up to date.
c．As far as I know, they have set the date for the meeting.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The festival is held in November every year.It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn.
(高级表达)The festival dating back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year．(分词短语作定语)
[名师点津] date back to/date from常用于一般现在时，不用于被动语态。常用其现在分词形式作后置定语。
5. [教材佳句]If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
[句法句式]句中if only引导状语从句，常常表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，意为“要是……就好了/但愿……”。从句中要用虚拟语气。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时用if only sb.did/were ...
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb.had done ...
(3)表示对将来事情的愿望用if only sb.would/could/might do ...
[金句推送] (重庆卷)If only I could go back and reset my goals.要是我能回去重新制定我的目标就好了。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Now many children are abandoned to computer games.If only they had (have) interest in reading books.
②If only I would/could/might be(be) able to study at a key university next year.
③It's too bad that I failed in the English exam.If only I had worked(work) hard at it.
[链接写作]——完成句子
①只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。
Only if you learn English by using it can you learn it well．
②要是我能生活在一个没有空气污染的世界就好了。
If only I could live in a world free of air pollution!
[名师点津] only if中的only仅起强调作用，意为“只有……才……，只要……就……”。另外，“only＋状语”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．I am not accustomed to being interrupted (interrupt) when studying or working, so please remember this and don't do it again.
2．There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait (wait)．
3．(朗文辞典)Assuming (assume) that the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money?
4．If only I had looked (look) ahead a few days ago! Then I wouldn't have been feeling so worried now.
5．Every year, a good many tourists are attracted to visit the old tower dating (date) back to the eleventh century.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．I am fed up with this weather; it's time we had some sunshine.
7．The Internet is a wonderful discovery, which I think is of great significance to people's lives.
8．She had almost reached her destination when something arrested her attention and she braked sharply.
9．There was only one piece of candy, so she cut it up into little pieces and gave them to the children.
10．I believe everyone, regardless of age or background, can come up with new ideas and excellent insights.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．The escaped prisoner got arrested(arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.
12．In contrast to our ignorance of saving food, many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are suffering from starvation (starve)．
13．Having finished all the housework, Mary dropped herself into the sofa, sighing with/in relief.
14．Nothing in the room is in a mess, so I think they couldn't have searched it.
15．The mechanic (机械师) who wishes to do his work well, must first sharpen (sharp) his tools.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P38—39教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
A group of students from England has come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.1.An archaeologist is showing them round.The archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.
After 2.finding(find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects, they think 3.it is reasonable to assume some of the earliest people lived in these caves, 4.regardless(regard) of the cold.They also discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves 5.where they made fires.That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.
Some evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes 6.made(make) from animal skins.They even used sharpened stone tools 7.to cut(cut) up animals and remove their skin.The archaeologist also 8.shows(show) the students a primitive necklace preserved quite well.Indeed, as the botanical analyses have 9.specially(special) shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there was trade between early peoples or they 10.travelled (travel) to the seaside on their journeys.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①李华是一名高三学生，他对每天无休止的练习感到厌烦。
Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, is fed up with the endless exercises every day.
②他常常对自己说，“要是我现在是一名大学生该多好啊！”
He often says to himself，“How I wish I were a college student！”
③尽管他渴望能好好休息一下，但日复一日，他不得不埋头于学习中。
Regardless of the fact that he is eager to have a good rest, he has to bury himself in study day after day.
④展望未来，他明白考上一所名校对他来说意义重大。
Looking ahead, he knows it is of great significance for him to enter a famous university.
⑤除了努力学习，他别无选择。
He has no alternative but to study hard.
2．升级平淡句
用if only虚拟语气句升级句②
He often says to himself, “If only I were a college student！”
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and)
Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, is fed up with the endless exercises every day. He often says to himself，“If only I were a college student！” Regardless of the fact that he is eager to have a good rest, he has to bury himself in study day after day. Looking ahead, he knows it is of great significance for him to enter a famous university, and he has no alternative but to study hard.
课件65张PPT。选修8Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors诵读话题经典got throughone of theearliest centers构建知识体系alternativeregardless somehow skilful arrest spit applaud spat/spit was arrested skilful applauded identification identity starvation interruption assumption assuming sharp sharpener messy analyses analyse significance identification identified identity interrupt interruption starved starvation mess messy analysed analysis significance significant 试探性的；不确定的 有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的 足够的；充足的；富裕的 原始的；远古的；简陋的 使……成熟；成熟 快乐的；欢快的 头晕目眩的；眩晕的；使人发晕或困惑的 加速；促进 种类；类别；范畴 嗥叫；叫喊；吼叫 长嚎；嗥叫 删；删除 精确；准确 划分；分割；分配；分界线 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的 (刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠 搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏 崇拜；敬奉 崇拜；敬神 强烈而有规律地跳动；搏动 脉搏；节拍 阻止；遏止 掌管；夺取 at most be aware of regardless of date back (to ...) keep out of to of cut up look ahead scare...away fed up with with/in relief up away with ahead Ifonly I had followed your advicehad just entered when 突破思维瓶颈alternative communicating have no alternative but to face have no choice but to face have interrupted had interrupted interruptions withoutinterruption be assumed assumption Assuming (that) dates Dating out to up for dating back to the Ming Dynasty tocelebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year had would/could/might be had worked it can you learn it well could live in a world 强化运用技能being interrupted to wait Assuming had looked dating with of when up of arrested starvation with/in a sharpen An finding it regardless where made to cut shows specially travelled is fed up with were a college student Regardless of the fact that Looking ahead it is of great significance forhim to enter has no alternative but to If only I were a college student Li Hua, a student of Senior Three, is fed up with the endless exercises every day. He often says to himself，“If only I were a college student！” Regardless of the fact that he is eager to have a good rest, he has to bury himself in study day after day. Looking ahead, he knows it is of great significance for him to enter a famous university, and he has no alternative but to study hard.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(四十)
Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
Qian Xuesen is the founder of China's space science. China's first missile was designed in his 1.messy (mess) and shabby workroom in the Gobi desert. To obtain correct 2.analysis (analyze) results, he and his partners spent many sleepless nights. When the 3.accuracy (accurate) of the instruments could not be guaranteed, he himself invented new ones. Sometimes, he put forward bold 4.assumptions (assume) to help overcome tough problems. The missile was produced after they handled various problems 5.skillfully (skill). People celebrated the successful launch of the first missile with a storm of 6.applause (applaud). The “two bombs and one satellite” are of historical 7.significance (significant) to China, marking a 8.division (divide) of a new era.
B
There is a story dating 9.back to the 11th century. A group of poor people got fed up 10.with the cruel governing. They couldn't expect a promising future when they looked 11.ahead. They had no alternative 12.but to rise up against the government. They killed bad officials and took away their properties regardless 13.of the consequences. They gathered in mountains with armed men guarding the mountain passes to keep 14.out the government troops. Though the story has a sad ending, the heroic deeds have encouraged generation after generation.
C
China, 15.as is shown by statistics, is making rapid progress in terms of economic growth. 16.Having opened (open) its door to the outside world, it has quickly accumulated a great deal of wealth. The daily living necessities are becoming abundant. Gone are the days when a customer waited in line for hours only 17.to be told (tell) by the shop assistant that what she wanted to buy was sold out or not in stock. Of course in came some negative things following the open-up. I remember my fellow guys 18.swimming (swim) happily in the river near our school, but it is now badly polluted. If only we 19.had made(make) more strict rules and regulations at the start of the open-up.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．像我们所期望的那样，迈克参加了会议。 (as引导的非限制性定语从句)
Mike, as we expected, attended the meeting.
2．要是我住在中国就好了，我肯定去过许多旅游胜地了。(if only)
If only I had lived in China, I would have been to many tourist attractions.
3．这位新闻记者匆忙赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经走了。(only to do)
The news reporter hurried to the airport, only to be told the film star had left.
4．就我个人而言，我已厌烦了你无止境的抱怨。(be fed up with)
As far as I'm concerned, I am fed up with your endless complaints．
5．凯西在她儿子出生时辞了职，以便能够待在家里照顾家人。(so that ...)
Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so that she could stay home and raise her family．
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·福建三校第一学期联考)I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days. Great, or so I thought. At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me. Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning.
In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend. Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing. Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom.
As for the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world.
Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn't mean its contents work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils(用具)．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。“我”去西班牙的一个漂亮的小岛上做英语老师，虽然拥有自己的公寓，可里面的生活用具很老旧，给“我”的生活带来了诸多不便。这让“我”知道了漂亮但并不实用的道理，也学会了如何利用有限的生活用品生活。
1．What problem did the author have in the morning?
A．She often slept late.
B．Her alarm failed to work.
C．She got some noisy neighbors.
D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me”可知，凌晨四点开始，每隔一会儿，作者就被对面公鸡的打鸣声吵醒；据此可知，作者的睡眠被公鸡打鸣声打扰了，故D项正确。]
2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2?
A．She was a very careful woman.
B．She was quite satisfied with her flat.
C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable.
D．Her household articles were in poor condition.
D [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day, like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves”可知，作者所住的房子的东西每天损坏一件；据此可推知，作者所使用的日常用品很破旧，故D项正确。]
3．What happened when the author was making a burger?
A．She was seriously injured.
B．She made a terrible mistake.
C．She broke her phone accidentally.
D．She suffered a sudden power failure.
B [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear”，并结合该段其他内容可知，作者将金属烤架放进微波炉里，启动后发生了故障，电源被切断；据此可推知，作者在制作汉堡时犯了个错误，故B项正确。]
4．What is the text mainly about?
A．Remaining optimistic.
B．How to choose a nice flat.
C．Learning to live in a new flat.
D．Why living abroad is not easy.
C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章尾段尾句“I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils(用具)”是全文的主题句；结合全文内容可知，文章通过讲述作者在西班牙的一个小岛上做英语老师时如何使用住房内的破旧日常用品生活的故事，说明了应当学会适应生活的道理，故C项正确。]
B
(2019·长沙市统一模拟)Two deer jumped out in front of 16-year-old Amanda Floyd's car. She put on the brake, stopping the car just in time. But later, she started texting. Distracted, Amanda turned left and right, then crashed into another car. Luckily, she wasn't in a real car—she was in a driving simulator(模拟器) at Roosevelt High School, Ohio, US.“I never really realized that cars make a turn that much，” Amanda, a junior, said. She added that she wouldn't text while driving anymore.
The Ohio Department of Transportation(ODOT) and Ohio State Highway Patrol brought the simulator to the school. They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, distracted driving claimed 3，450 lives in 2016 alone. Experts believe the actual figure is probably higher.
The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students. They lined up and crowded around to watch each other take turns. The simulator has a steering wheel(方向盘), brake and gas pedal(油门). It is made up of three large computer screens on a table.
Students choose a distraction, such as driving while drunk or texting. They always crash, of course. Then, they are pulled over by the police to be taught the bad results of their driving：how much damage they've caused, what their fine is, if anyone died in the accident, and if they're going to go to prison.
“It teaches how to drive without being on the road，” said Shante Thompson, 16. She had just crashed into a deer.
ODOT spokesman Justin Chesnic said hundreds of kids have gone behind the wheel so far. He said even more have benefited from watching their classmates.
“Driving is such a major responsibility, so take it seriously，” he said.“Put away your cellphone. A lot of the accidents out there are because of distracted driving. It can not only change your life, but change someone else's life forever. The results are serious.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作这个驾驶模拟器可以增强交通安全意识。
5．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A．Introduce the topic of the text.
B．Illustrate the author's point of view.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Offer some background information.
A [推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段讲述了一个事例，然后通过这个事例引出了本文的话题，即driving simulator。由此可推知，作者写第一段的目的是引出文章的主题。]
6．Why is the driving simulator project introduced to Roosevelt High School?
A．It tests the students' ability to stay focused.
B．It gets students to have fun between classes.
C．It teaches students how to deal with traffic accidents.
D．It makes students aware of the dangers of distracted driving.
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They said they wanted to help students learn about the danger of driving while drunk, texting, or talking on the phone”可知，他们想要帮助学生了解驾车时醉酒、发短信或者打电话的危害，故选D。]
7．What can we know about the driving simulator?
A．It is connected to the local police station.
B．It is a real car but has large computer screens.
C．It attracts the students' interest as a computer program.
D．It benefits the students who use it more than those who only watch.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段的描述，尤其是“The simulator is basically a computer program. Like many computer games, it was a hit with the students”可知，这个驾驶模拟器实质上是一个电脑程序，和许多电脑游戏一样，它很受学生们的欢迎，引起了学生们的兴趣，故选C。]
8．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Traffic rules in Ohio, US.
B．Dangers of distracted driving.
C．Simulated driving for students.
D．Advantages of computer games.
C [主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一个驾驶模拟器，学生通过操作它可以增强交通安全意识，故选C。]
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·广东省七校联合体联考)We all have to make decisions all the time, and we have an abundance of choices, ranging from tiny issues to vital ones. Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions. 1 If you would like to improve your skill of decision making, here are four suggestions for you.
Don't expect to have it all.
2 You can't order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name but a few. You can imagine some “what if” situations if you must, but do not let them take up too much space in your brain.
3
It's often good to think through your decisions. But don't overdo it. Research can reach a point where returns begin to reduce, which makes it confusing more than clarifying. Many good decisions can be made based as much on intuition(直觉) as on careful assessment of endless data.
Don't delay making decisions.
Yes, there is a time to put off making a decision. Perhaps you need more information. 4 Or it's likely that you wait for a less stressful time. Just don't wait so long that the decision is made by your own indecisiveness.
Don't be hard on yourself.
You decide to go on a voyage. You choose an expensive liner. Everything should work out just right. Only you didn't expect a bug that ran around on the ship, making you and your family sick for five days. 5 But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes.
A．Don't spend too much time thinking.
B．It is an important source of information.
C．You may regret making such a stupid decision.
D．Don't count on emotion to make decisions.
E．Maybe you wish to consult with your adviser.
F．Decisions force us to close the door on other possibilities.
G．That means the skill of good decision making counts a lot.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了提高决策技能的四条建议，包括不求全责备，不要费时思虑太多，不要延误做决定和不要苛求自己。
1．G [根据空处所在位置可知，该句承上启下；根据空前一句“Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions”可知，不幸的是，人们经常发现很难做决定；据此可以推断，做决定的技能很重要，故G项正确。空处下文中的“your skill of decision making”也是提示。]
2．F [根据该段小标题“Don't expect to have it all”可知，该段主要论述“不要求全责备”；结合空后的“You can't order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name but a few”可知，做决定迫使我们关上了一扇其他可能的大门，故F项正确。]
3．A [根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的小标题；结合本段第一、二句“It's often good to think through your decisions. But don't overdo it”可知，该段主要论述“不要费时思虑太多”这一观点，故A项正确。]
4．E [根据空前的“there is a time to put off making a decision”可知，空处与空前一句和空后一句都为延迟做决定的可能原因，故E项“你可能希望咨询你的顾问”符合语境。]
5．C [根据该段小标题“Don't be hard on yourself”可知，不要太苛求自己；结合空后一句“But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes”可知，你要记住这是不可避免的事情；据此可以推断，空处表示“你可能会对你愚蠢的决定后悔”，故C项正确。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·武汉市调研测试)January 25，2020, over a billion people in China and millions around the world will celebrate the Chinese New Year, or the Spring Festival. The ancient tradition, 1.________ date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21 and February 20 each year, is the 2.________(long) and most important of all Chinese festivals.
The preparations will 3.________(official) begin with Little New Year on January 17，2020. It is observed with a day of memorial ceremonies. Other Little New Year activities include cleaning the house 4.________(sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets—red decorations hung in pairs—for wealth. Since red 5.________(believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away, it can be noticed in everything from clothing to 6.________(lantern) used to decorate houses.
Often 7.________(consider) the most important meal of the year, the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition. 8.________ whole chicken symbolizes family togetherness, while long uncut noodles show longevity (长寿). Wealth is represented by dumplings and spring rolls. Children receive red envelopes filled 9.________ money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the 10.________(amaze) fireworks shows.
The two-week long celebrations will end on February 8—the day of the full moon—with the Lantern Festival.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了中国的传统节日春节的相关内容。
1．whose [考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，本句是一个非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作定语，先行词为“The ancient tradition”，空处与“date”为所属关系，故用whose引导该从句。]
2．longest [考查形容词的最高级。根据语境和空前的“the”及后空的“most important”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词的最高级。]
3．officially [考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处应用副词officially修饰动词begin，在句子中作状语。]
4．to sweep [考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to sweep。]
5．is believed [考查动词的语态、时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处是“sth. be believed to do sth.”句型，应用被动形式；此处为一般性描述，故应用一般现在时；且主语red为第三人称单数，故填is believed。]
6．lanterns [考查名词的单复数。lantern是可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用其复数形式。]
7．considered [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，consider和其逻辑主语“the reunion dinner”构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。]
8．A [考查冠词。chicken“鸡”是可数名词，第一次在文中出现，句子的谓语动词为单数形式，且whole的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词A。]
9．with [考查介词。固定词组搭配be filled with...意为“充满……”，符合语境，故填介词with。]
10．amazing [考查词形转换。根据空前的“the”和空后的名词词组“fireworks shows”可知，此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词词组“fireworks shows”。故填amazing“令人惊叹的”。]
Ⅳ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
(2019·浙江新高考研究卷二)It's no secret that kids love dinosaurs.Many of them have even gone through what's called a “dinosaur phase”—a period of time when they can't stop talking about dinosaurs，can't sleep without hearing a dinosaur bedtime story，and use a backpack with a dinosaur pattern on it.Adults may have long grown out of their dinosaur phase，but somehow the appeal is still there.The proof is in the success of Steven Spielberg's 1993 film Jurassic Park(《侏罗纪公园》)，and every following installment(续集) of the series.
National Geographic(《国家地理》杂志) has an explanation behind the animals' popularity：Dinosaurs are “where science and imagination meet”，which is probably what makes them so appealing，to kids and adults alike.
Dinosaurs are often compared to dragons，but are seen as cooler because they're real.The huge skeletons in museums prove their existence millions of years ago on the same Earth that we now live on.Meanwhile，new discoveries have been made in different parts of the world that open up a bigger picture of these ancient species.And how they went extinct is also a popular subject of scientific studies.
However，we still seem to know so little about dinosaurs，and have to rely on our imagination when it comes to questions like“How did they live？”，“What did they sound like？”and “How fast could they run？”It's this sense of mystery that adds to dinosaurs' attraction compared to other fierce animals like lions and tigers—animals that can easily be seen in today's zoos.
But there's more to this dinosaur appeal.According to Guardian reporter Brian Switek，humans are fascinated by dinosaurs not just because we're interested in their history，but also because we're trying to have a better understanding of human history.“Dinosaurs can be Hollywood monsters，objects of scientific fascination and everything in between，but at the root of it，our fascination with them originates from wanting to know more about the prehistory we share，”he wrote.“The dinosaur story is part of our own.”
【参考范文】
Dinosaurs are fascinating to both kids and adults.That's why dinosaur-themed films have achieved great success.(要点1)According to National Geographic，the attraction of dinosaurs partly lies in the fact that they really existed on the earth before and that their extinction has interested scientists.(要点2)Another reason is that the mystery of dinosaurs stimulates people's imagination.(要点3)But Brian Switek thinks apart from these，hoping to better understand human history also contributes to people's obsession with dinosaurs.(要点4)
