三言
两语
1.Born in America，in June，1880，Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.
2．Stephen Hawking was famed for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.
3．Beethoven began learning the violin and piano when he was only 5，and by the time he was 8 he was giving public concerts.
1.他全身心地投入工作，经常工作到午夜，而没有时间为自己着想，一心只为中国人民着想。
He put all his heart into the work and always worked until midnight，having no time to think about himself，but only the Chinese people.
2．他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实：对帮助别人他从不犹豫。
His charming personality lies in a simple fact that he never hesitates to help others.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败
2．expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n．专家；行家
3．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
5．blame vt.责备；谴责
n．过失；责备
6．link vt.& n．连接；联系
7．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
8．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
9．foresee vt.预见；预知
10．handle n．柄；把手
vt.处理；操纵
11．cure n．治愈；痊愈
vt.治愈；治疗
12．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
13．suspect_ vt.认为；怀疑
n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
2．Not knowing what was wrong with his car，Martin decided to ask an experienced man to_handle(handle) the problem.
3．Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs，the Customs official stopped him and let him open his suitcase，but found nothing at all.
4．Few analysts foresaw (foresee) that oil prices would rise so quickly.
5．Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese cluture，I'd like to invite you to_attend(attend) the exhibition with me.
拓
展
单
词
1.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→ challenging adj.挑战性的
2．caution n．小心；警告→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
3．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→ pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→ instruction n．说明；传授→ instructions (pl.)用法说明；指示；命令
5．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→ conclusion n．结论；结束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿→ contribution n．贡献
7．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→ rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
8．science n．科学→ scientific adj.科学的→ scientist n．科学家
9．announce vt.宣布；通告→ announcement n．通知；宣告
10．certain adj.确实的；肯定的→ certainty n．确信；确实→ certainly adv.确定；肯定
11．construct vt.建设；修建→ construction n．建设；建筑物
12．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→ responsibility n．责任；负责
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2．She has_contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.(contribute)
3．The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
4．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge．Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging．(challenge)
5．In class, our English teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference to our English learning.(instruct)
6．The river is polluted and noise is another kind of serious pollution here.(pollute)
阅
读
单
词
1.characteristic n．特征；
特性
2．analyse vt.分析
3．physician n．医生；内科
医师
4．victim n．受害者
5.outbreak n．爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6．enquiry n．询问
7．neighbourhood n．附近；邻近
8．pump n．泵；抽水机
vt.(用泵)抽(水)
9.firework n．烟火(燃放)
10．chart n．图表
11．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
12．universe n．宇宙；世界
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)His office is located at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.作品；创作
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)On every single move you have to analyze a situation，process what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.(棋子的)移动；走棋
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.制成物；作品
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.put forward提出
2．draw a conclusion得出结论
3．expose ...to使显露；暴露
4．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart from除……之外；此外
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
From some cases，we drew ①the conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door in time.Apart②from it，we also put③forward several suggestions，one of which was that you should not expose this information ④to anyone when out.These suggestions would certainly cure us of the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again.
6.be enthusiastic about 热衷于；对……充满热情
7．make sense讲得通；有意义
8．(be) strict with...对……严格的
9．contribute to有助于；捐献；导致
10．be to blame应受责备
11．look into调查
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
As an astronomer，I am enthusiastic ⑤about your new theory about the solar system.The following reason contributed ⑥to my suggestion.The present theory doesn't make ⑦sense，for we cannot conclude that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.every time作连词，引导时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
(浙江卷)每次他忙完一天的工作到家时，我们都在门口迎接他。
Every time he arrived home at the end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
2.have sth.done使某事被做……
A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
别担心，他将会尽力按时完成工作的。
There is no need to worry.He will try to have his work finished on time.
3.only ＋状语从句置于句首的倒装句
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
(湖南卷)只有你找到内心的平静你才能和他人相处得好。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you get on/along well with others.
1.conclude vt.& vi.断定；推断出；结束；终止
(1)conclude
conclude...with...以……结束……
(2)conclusion n．结论；结束
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion 下结论
in conclusion 最后；作为结论地；总之
conclude a bargain成交；达成协议
conclude his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home以祝大家归途平安结束了讲话
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(浙江卷)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
②(四川卷)In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
③(上海卷)We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。
①I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclusion)
②I concluded from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclude)
2.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
expose...to...使……显露/暴露于/接触到……
(be)exposed to...暴露于……；处于……危险中
expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible
让孩子尽量多地接受艺术和文化的熏陶
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(辽宁卷)I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.
②a.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed(expose) to second-hand smoking in public places now.
b．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when exposed(expose) to sunlight.
③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to computer games.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)If you expose yourself to (把自己暴露在)the sunlight for too long, you will get your skin harmed.
(高级表达) Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(动名词短语作主语)
3. absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，吞并；理解，掌握
(1)absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj.精神集中的
be absorbed in 专心致志于；全神贯注于
(3)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的
be deeply absorbed in work专注于工作
absorb new knowledge/information掌握新知识/新信息
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(北京卷)When something did interest me, I could become absorbed(absorb)．
b．The novel was so absorbing(absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
② (北京卷)When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)Tom was absorbed in (专心致志)watching the basketball match and he didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.
(高级表达)Absorbed in the basketball match，Tom didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] be absorbed in sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：be lost in...陷入……，专心致志于……；be caught in...被困在……；be buried in...埋头于……；be devoted to...致力于……，专心于……；be occupied in/with...忙于……；be involved in...专注于……。
4.blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备
(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上
be to blame (for...) 应承担责任； 该受责备
(2)take the blame for...＝be responsible for...对……负责
put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上
bear the blame承担责任
blame the accident on dangerous driving
把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
[链接写作]——句式升级
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
(普通表达)Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
(高级表达)Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津] be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
(1)contribute to 有助于；促成；为……做贡献
contribute...to/towards...向……捐献……；向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献
make a contribution to/make
contributions to对……做出贡献
contribute ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund
向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑
contribute a number of articles to the magazine
给这家杂志投了很多稿
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·江苏卷)Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
b．(江苏卷)It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods to children in need.
②(辽宁卷)Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)He made such a great contribution to (做出如此大的贡献) the university that the new library was named after him.
(高级表达)Such a great contribution did he make to the university that the new library was named after him.(倒装句)
6.put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；生产
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
put down 放下；写下
[基础练习]——写出下列句中put forward的含义
①Can I put your name forward for club secretary？推荐/提名
②I think he is fit for the position，therefore，I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
③Put your watch forward；it's five minutes slow.拨快
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
[链接写作]——完成句子
①鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买新年礼物。
Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year presents.
②玛丽真的很擅长在课堂上做笔记。她几乎能记下老师说的每一句话。
Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put down almost every word her teacher says.
7.make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
(1)make sense of 了解……的意义；懂得
in a sense 在某种意义上
common sense 常识
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)There is no sense in doing sth.(口语)做某事是没有道理的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn't make sense to buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②There is no sense in complaining(complain)．We should take action now.
③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达) There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
(高级表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all.
8.[教材佳句]Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。
[句法句式]句中neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同成分，连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
—
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
②a.Neither I nor Jane and Mary are(be) tired of having one examination after another.
b．(湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
[链接写作]—— 句式升级
(普通表达)Henry won't see a film tonight.His girlfriend Helen won't, either.
(高级表达)Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.(neither...nor...)
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Children, when exposed (expose) to an English-speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
2. Absorbed (absorb) in her work, she didn't realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter.
3．We discussed the problem many times, but still could come to no conclusion (conclude)．
4．The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of the lorry that should be to blame (blame)for it.
5．Neither my wife nor I myself was (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．(2017·江苏卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
7．(2018·天津卷)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
8．The underground is under construction here at present and will be completed in 2022.
9．It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.
10．Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．Always read the instructions (instruction) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
12．(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (challenge) from the modern market.
13．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle (handle) the problem.
14．It's reported that the astronauts will carry out a series of scientific (science) experiments in space.
15．When the detective looked into the case, he was threatened by an unknown man.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P2—3教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式
John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he 1.attended (attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he was famous for 2.defeating (defeat) “King Cholera”．
Cholera was a 3.deadly (dead) disease and neither its cause 4.nor its cure was understood.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem.He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry.He found that many victims 5.linked (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 6.removed (remove)．Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He drew 7.the conclusion that the polluted water was 8.to blame (blame)．
The water 9.companies (company) were instructed not to expose people 10.to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①在历史的长河中，科学家为这个世界做出了巨大的贡献。
Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world.
②我认为，科学家就是那些在工作中严格要求自己及总是专注于他们所从事的每件事的人。
As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do.
③科学家们对他们得出的每个结论都非常谨慎。他们反复做实验来检验他们提出的理论。
Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiments again and again to test the theory they have put forward．
④科学家们都牢记这一点：一个理论如果无法帮助世人从所陷入的不可预料的困境中解脱出来的话，就没有意义。
Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense if it can't benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers.
⑤科学家们耗尽一生的心血，只为找到这样的一个理论。
Scientists devote all their life to their research in order to find such a theory.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用unless升级句④
Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers．
(2)用so that改写句⑤
Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory．
3．衔接成美文
Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world. As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do. Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiment again and again to test the theory they have put forward. Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers. Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory.
课件81张PPT。必修5Unit 1 Great scientists诵读话题经典havingno time to think about himself that he never hesitates to helpothers 构建知识体系defeat expert attend absorb blame link positive enthusiastic foresee handle cure expose suspect Absorbed to handle Suspecting foresaw to attend challenging cautious pollution instruction instructions conclusion contribution rejection scientific scientist announcement certainty certainly construction responsibility concluded conclusion has contributed contribution construction construct challenge challenging instructs instruction polluted pollution 特征；特性 分析 医生；内科医师 受害者 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争) 询问 附近；邻近 泵；抽水机 (用泵)抽(水) 烟火(燃放) 图表 向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的) 宇宙；世界 作品；创作 (棋子的)移动；走棋 制成物；作品 put forward draw a conclusion expose ...to link...to... apart from the from forward to be enthusiastic about make sense (be) strict with... contribute to be to blame look into about to sense Every time he arrived home have his work finished will you get on/alongwell with others 突破思维瓶颈with In a drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences concluded from my own experiences to exposed exposed to expose yourself to Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long absorbed absorbing absorbed was absorbed in Absorbed in the basketball match for on to blame was blamed for Blamed for the breakdown of the school computernetworkto to contribution made such a great contribution to Such a great contribution did he make to theuniversity 推荐/提名 推荐 拨快 将……提前 to put aside some of their pocket money put downalmost every word to buy complaining In make sense of nor are is Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will seea film tonight. 强化运用技能exposed Absorbed conclusion to blame was to from under forward of instructions challenges to handle scientific into attended defeating deadly nor linked removed the to blame companies to made great contributions are strictwith are always absorbed in are very cautious of have put forward makes no sense is exposed to devote all their life to a theory makes no sense unless itcan benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers so that they canfind such a theory Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world. As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do. Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiment again and again to test the theory they have put forward. Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers. Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(二十一)
必修5 Unit 1 Great scientists
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
An 1.announcement (announce) was made yesterday, saying that Mr. Watson was awarded a prize for his 2.contribution (contribute) to environmental protection. How to stop the air being polluted is a 3.challenging (challenge) task facing society today. Mr. Watson began to work on air 4.pollution (pollute) problems at age 24 and has been showing great 5.enthusiasm (enthusiastic) for his work. He thinks governments should take 6.responsibility (responsible) for the worsening air quality. He often gives specific instructions in the 7.construction (construct) of power stations, warning that people should be 8.cautious (caution) in producing electricity from coal.
B
An opinion was put 9.forward two years ago that a bridge would be built to link this island 10.to the mainland. But some experts warned the local government to be cautious 11.about/of the potential risks, adding that it made little sense 12.to spend(spend) a large sum of money making such a bridge. However, the islanders were very enthusiastic 13.about the opinion. The bridge could promote the local economy apart 14.from the convenience it would bring to them. Now the bridge is 15.under construction, but the builders are required to slow 16.down the construction speed to make sure every detail is perfect.
C
Mrs. Brown didn't know who 17.to blame (blame) for the stolen antique vase. She lived in a big house with a strong fence 18.surrounding (surround) it. Every time she left home she would have all the windows and doors 19.locked (lock). The robber must 20.have been (be) very smart and intelligent, for neither the alarm 21.nor her dog made a sound when he slipped in. Only 22.if the police arrested the robber did she know if she could get back the expensive vase.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．除了英语课之外， 我还积极参加英语角和其他英语课外活动， 受益颇多。(apart from)
Apart from English classes, I took an active part in English Corner and other after-class English activities, which benefited me a lot．
2．汤姆专心于工作，忘记了通知她这件事。
①Tom was so absorbed in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(absorb)
②So absorbed was Tom in his work that he forgot to inform her of it.(so ...that ...的倒装句)
③Absorbed in his work, Tom forgot to inform her of it.(过去分词短语作状语)
3．他把考试失败归咎于老师。
①He blamed the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame ...on)
②He blamed the teacher for the failure of his exam．(blame ...for)
③He put/laid the blame for the failure of his exam on the teacher.(blame n．)
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)了解唐朝的历史有助于你理解这些诗。(contribute)
Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will contribute to your understanding of the poems．
5．每当看到这张老照片，我就会想起我中学时的同桌。(every time)
Every time I see the old photo, I will think of my deskmate in middle school.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·洛阳市、许昌市质检)Looking back on my childhood，I am convinced that naturalists are born and not made.
Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon abandoned their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them，I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental maths.
I have only the unmemorable memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents，aunts，uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals，the local birds，and above all the insects.
I am a naturalist，not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people's observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my conscious mind. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books，which some might honour with the title of scientific research.
But curiosity，a keen eye，a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but all training, determination and a goal. A scientist，up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both worlds.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。
1．What impressed the author deeply during his childhood?
A．Wildlife. B．Music.
C．Languages. D．Literature.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。]
2．Why can't the author remember his relatives clearly?
A．He didn't live with them for long.
B．The family was extremely large.
C．He was fully occupied with observing nature.
D．He was too young when he lived with them.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“But I do have a crystal clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all the insects”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“I have a strong love of the natural world”呼应，故选C。]
3．According to the author，what personality should a born naturalist have first of all?
A．Being knowledgeable.
B．Being self-disciplined.
C．Being full of ambition.
D．Being full of enthusiasm.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world，and my enthusiasm has led me into varied investigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情使作者做了很多不同的调查，成了一个博物学家。由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。]
4．Why does the author say he is a naturalist, not a scientist?
A．He thinks he lacks some quality required of a scientist.
B．He thinks he has much trouble doing mental arithmetic.
C．He thinks he comes up with solutions in a most natural way.
D．He thinks he just reads about other people's observations.
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“But curiosity, a keen eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant world do not make a scientist：One of the outstanding and essential qualities required is self-discipline，a quality I lack”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。]
B
(2019·安徽省五校联盟第二次质检)While an entire month free of homework or tests may sound too good to be true, that is exactly what the students at Sturenskolan School in Boden, Sweden were treated to in April. What's more, if the results of the experiment prove encouraging, starting 2019, the middle schoolers will never have to worry about after-school work or tests, aside from the national examinations, which are compulsive for students across the country.
The school's principal, Petronella Sirkka, who came up with the idea, said, “We are constantly receiving new reports that our children feel bad. And that's because they have a high level of stress all the time. This is our way of trying to reduce that stress.”
The educator says that while banning homework and tests sounds radical(激进的), it makes sense given the changes in the curriculum and approaches to education. While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home, to comprehend the material by themselves.
Sirkka is not the only one who believes after-school work does not help students learn. In March 2018, another principal in Canada also decided to do away with homework. They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids.
While the long-term impact of the recent decisions made by the two educators remains to be seen, the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years. Yet, Finnish students always rank high in the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests especially in math and science but they have the least homework! Hopefully, it will only be a matter of time before US educators follow their lead and ban after-school work as well!
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。瑞典一所学校在四月份取消了学生的家庭作业和考试，这是该校校长Petronella Sirkka看到学生作业负担太重而提出的举措，且芬兰采取的类似做法已获成功。
5．The students at Sturenskolan School had no homework in April because ．
A．the headmaster was experimenting with her idea
B．they needed to do some experiments during the month
C．they were busy preparing for the national examinations
D．the headmaster had to carry out the government's policy
A [细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“The school's principal，Petronella Sirkka，who came up with the idea”，并结合第一段的内容可知，Sturenskolan学校的学生们在四月份没有家庭作业和考试是该校校长提出的想法，故A项正确。]
6．What makes children's learning hard nowadays?
A．Children have to do more analyzing.
B．The approach to education is complex.
C．Children get no support at home and school.
D．There are many more facts to memorize.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句“While in the past students were primarily subjected to memorizing facts, learning today is all about reflection and analysis. As a result, it is often harder for kids, especially those with little support at home，to comprehend the material by themselves”可知，在过去，学生主要是被要求记住事实，而如今学生需要的是反思和分析。因此，孩子们往往很难自己理解这些材料。据此可知，反思和分析让孩子们的学习更加困难。故A项正确。]
7．What does Petronella Sirkka most likely advise parents to do?
A．Help children with their homework.
B．Free children from after-school housework.
C．Spend more time reading to their children.
D．Communicate with teachers from time to time.
C [推理判断题。根据第四段尾句“They hope parents will spend the extra time reading to their kids”可推知，Petronella Sirkka很可能会建议父母花些时间为他们的孩子们阅读，故C项正确。]
8．What can we infer about the students in Finland?
A．They study the hardest at school.
B．They have a more relaxing school life.
C．They enjoy great success after graduation.
D．They all have a talent for math and science.
B [推理判断题。根据尾段第一句中的“the experiment has already proved successful in Finland which has done away with homework, grades, and even teaching by subjects for many years”可知，多年来，芬兰已经取消了家庭作业、成绩等级，甚至科目教学。据此可推知，芬兰学生的学校生活更加轻松，故B项正确。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother died in a car crash. I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走) around the house 1 what to put into the suitcases. My husband, Larry, and I had been 2 for moving to New Mexico. The house was in a total 3 ．
I tried to hold my tears. I aimlessly picked things up and put them down. I couldn't 4 . What I'd heard on the phone echoed through my head.
Larry phoned a few friends. 5 ， someone asked to speak to me.“If there is anything I can do, let me know.”“Thank you，” I replied. I didn't know what to ask for.
The doorbell rang and I rose slowly for the 6 . It was Donna.
“I've come to 7 your shoes，”she said. 8 ， I asked her to repeat.“When my father died, it took me hours to get the shoes cleaned and 9 for my father's 10 ，” she said. I hadn't even thought about shoes.
Shoes were gathered. Donna 11 herself on the floor and got to work. The love in the act released my tears. Watching her 12 on one task helped me pull my 13 into order. Laundry first, I told myself. One by one, the jobs fell into place.
Now whenever I hear of an acquaintance's loss of a loved one, I think of one 14 task that suits that person's 15 . If the person asks, “How did you know I needed that？” I'd reply，“Because someone did that.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在失去亲人后心理状态很不好，由于受到了别人的帮助而恢复了正常之后，她也以同样的方式帮助失去亲人的熟人。
1．A.forgetting B．imagining
C．wondering D．searching
C [根据空前的“I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I tried to hold my tears”以及文章开头第一句话可推知，作者听到亲人去世的噩耗时，有些不知所措，虽然是在收拾行李，却不知道该把什么放进手提箱里。wonder“感到疑惑，想知道”。]
2．A.hoping B．packing
C．leaving D．planning
B [根据本句中的“for moving to New Mexico”可推知，作者为搬家到新墨西哥州而打包(packing)。]
3．A.damage B．failure
C．despair D．mess
D [根据上文可知，作者和丈夫一直在为搬家而收拾行李，由此可推知，当时作者的家里应该是很杂乱(mess)。]
4．A.hurry B．decide
C．focus D．move
C [根据语境可知，作者当时的心理状态非常不好，不能集中精力做事情。focus“集中(注意力、精力等于)”符合语境。]
5．A.Constantly B．Luckily
C．Suddenly D．Happily
A [根据上句“Larry phoned a few friends”可推知，作者的丈夫将作者失去弟弟的事情告诉了一些朋友，他们接着就不断地(constantly)打电话说愿意提供帮助。]
6．A.telephone B．noise
C．person D．door
D [根据本句中的“The doorbell rang”可知，作者站起来去应门(door)。]
7．A.borrow B．remove
C．clean D．repair
C [根据下文中的“to get the shoes cleaned”可推知，Donna是来帮助作者清理(clean)鞋的。]
8．A.Touched B．Shocked
C．Confused D．Amused
C [根据本句中的“I asked her to repeat”可推知，作者当时对Donna说的来帮她清理鞋子感到困惑(Confused)。touched“受感动的”；shocked“震惊的”；amused“逗乐的”。]
9．A.washed B．coped
C．selected D．shined
B [根据本句中的“When my father died”和“to get the shoes cleaned and for my father's ”可推知，Donna应是说她为了参加父亲的葬礼(funeral)去清理鞋子并把它们擦亮(shined)。]
10．A.satisfaction B．funeral
C．smiles D．wishes
B [参见上题解析。]
11．A.laid B．stood
C．rested D．settled
D [根据上句“Shoes were gathered”和语境可推知，当鞋被聚集到一起之后，Donna在地板上找到舒适的位置(settled)开始清理鞋。]
12．A.keeping B．concentrating
C．insisting D．depending
B [根据上文“Donna herself on the floor and got to work”可知，当时Donna在专心地清理鞋。keep on“继续，反复做”；concentrate on“集中(注意力)于”；insist on“坚持”；depend on“依靠”。]
13．A.thoughts B．rooms
C．sadness D．luggage
A [根据上文可知，作者当时因为亲人的突然离世而乱了思绪，而看到Donna专心地帮她清理鞋让她的思想(thoughts)恢复到了有序状态。]
14．A.specific B．normal
C．strange D．perfect
A [根据上文中的“ Watching her on one task”可知，“我”会想一件能满足那个失去亲人的熟人需要(need)的具体的(specific)工作。]
15．A.idea B．personality
C．identity D．need
D [参见上题解析。]
