三言
两语
1.It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
2．It is obvious that iPad is of great help to our study，especially to our English learning.
3．In the last decades，advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
1.虽然广告给我们带来了极大的方便，但同时也给我们带来了很多烦恼。
Though ad has brought us great convenience，it troubles us a lot at the same time.
2．微博能给我们提供一个展示我们的天赋、释放我们的压力的平台，因此它越来越受中学生的欢迎。
Microblog can provide a platform to show our talent and release our pressure，thus making it more and more popular with high school students.
[单词 拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.aspect n．方面；层面
2．previous adj.在前的；早先的
3．fasten vt.系牢；扎牢
4．flash vt.& vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现
5．guide n．指导；向导；导游
vt.指引；指导
6．lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有
n．缺乏；短缺的东西
7．switch n．开关；转换
vt.转换
8．material n．原料；材料
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(天津卷)Mobile phones must be switched (switch) off inside the castle in consideration of other visitors.
2．(四川卷)We were told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened(fasten)．
3．It is more complicated than we previously (previous) thought.
4．If a student lacks (lack) the motivation to study, he or she will quickly become tired of studying.
5．A new series of simple English reading materials (material) for middle school students has come out this year.
拓
展
单
词
1.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→ tolerance n．容忍
2．impress v．(使)留下深刻印象→ impression n．印象；感想；印记→ impressive adj.给人深刻印象的
3．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→ constantly adv.不断地
4．surround vt.围绕→surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的事物；环境
5．adjust vt.调整；使适应→adjustment n．调整；调节
6．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→ pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
7．instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→ instantly adv.马上
8．settle v．定居；解决→ settlement n．定居；解决
9．exhaust vt.耗尽→exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的
10．motivate v．成为……的动机；激励→motivation n．动机
11．certain adj.(反义词)确信的；有把握的→uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．The desks and chairs are adjustable and can adjust them to the height of the students.The adjustment is not difficult to make.(adjust)
2．We are in instant need of help.Please tell us instantly they arrive.(instant)
3．The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.(impress)
4．The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)
5．The firm is pressing me for a decision and the pressure from my parents is quite unbearable, so I had to accept this new job.(press)
6．An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement．(settle)
阅
读
单
词
1.tablet n．药片
2．belt n. 腰带；皮带
3．mask n．面具；面罩；伪装
4．timetable n. 时间表；时刻表
5．mud n．泥(浆)
6.citizen n．公民；居民；市民
7．typist n. 打字员
8．postage n．邮资
9．optimistic adj.乐观(主义)的
10．recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
11．swallow vt.吞下；咽下
2.greedy adj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的
13．representative n．代表；典型人物
adj.典型的；有代表性的
14．dustbin n. 垃圾箱
15．button n. 纽扣；按钮
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.平板电脑
2．(2018·浙江卷)The steam-powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy rate in England was under 50%.印刷机
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语
1.suffer from患有(疾病等)；为……受苦
2．be greedy for... 对……贪婪的
3．lose sight of 看不见
4．as a result 结果；因此
5．(a) lack of 缺乏……
6．be back on one's feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
Mr.Wang is an experienced worker and works hard.As① a result，he is popular among all of us.For lack ②of regular exercise，he fell ill last month, suffering ③from heart attack.
Fortunately，he is back ④on his feet now.He hopes to take up his previous work.We are happy because he is an optimistic man.
7.take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用
8．sweep up 打扫；横扫
9．slide into (快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……
10．in all directions向四面八方
11．remind sb.of... 使某人想起……；提醒某人……
12．speed up 加速
[语境运用] (填入一个适当的词)
The whole morning was taken ⑤up with the meeting and his head ached when it was finally over.Just at that time，the assistant came in and reminded him ⑥of the time to pick up the customer at the airport.He speeded/sped ⑦up his car on the way to get there in time.Among all the people going ⑧in all directions，he caught sight of the customer who he was waiting for.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.形容词作伴随状语
Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
由于太紧张，考试刚开始时我什么也想不起来。
Too nervous，I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.
2.where引导定语从句，修饰表地点的名词
Well，now there's a system where the waste is disposed of using the principles of ecology.
(天津卷)公司老板正尽力创造一种轻松的气氛，其员工在这种气氛中喜欢他们的工作。
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
1.lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西
(1)lack sth.缺少某物
(a) lack of...……的缺少
for lack of... 因缺少……
(2)lacking adj.缺少的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少……；……不足
a lack of food/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能
(a)lack of confidence in learning English well对学好英语缺乏信心
for lack of money因为缺钱
[基础练习] ——单句语法填空
①a.(辽宁卷)Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
b．(福建卷)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
②a.(上海卷)Though lacking(lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
b．Lacking(lack) such experience will constantly trouble you in your business.
[链接写作]—— 一句多译
他们缺乏与他人交流的能力，因此在比赛中失败了。
①They lacked the skill to communicate with others, so they failed in the competition.(lack vt.)
②They were lacking in the skill to communicate with others, so they failed in the competition.(lacking adj.)
③Lacking the skill to communicate with others, they failed in the competition.(分词作状语)
[名师点津] lack既可以作动词也可作名词。作及物动词时不能用于被动语态，后面直接接宾语；作不及物动词时常接介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。
2.instant n．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的
(1)in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上
(2)一……就……
an instant reply 即时回答
instant coffee/noodles速溶咖啡/方便面
an instant success一举成名
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Much to my surprise, she burst into tears the instant she read the letter.
②(陕西卷)In an instant, he took off his coat and jumped into the water.
[链接写作]—— 一句多译
一到达剧院， 他发现朋友给他的票忘在家里了。
①On arriving at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.
②The instant/The moment/The minute he arrived at the theatre, he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.
③Hardly had he arrived at the theatre when he found the ticket a friend gave him was left at home.
3.take up 占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受
take in 欺骗；理解；领悟
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从事
take over 掌管；控制；取代
take off 休息；(飞机)起飞；突然大受欢迎
[基础练习]——写出下列句中take up的含义
①(安徽卷)We tried to find a table for seven，but they were all taken up.占用
②(陕西卷)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始做；从事
③The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week.继续
④Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing? 接受
[链接写作]——完成句子
①我们对广告只有采取正确的态度才会避免被欺骗。
It is only by taking a correct attitude towards advertising that we can avoid being taken in．
②(江苏卷)由于良好的创业环境，很多大学生创办的公司都很成功。
Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.
4.speed up 加速
(1)at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of...以……速度
(2)reduce speed＝slow down 减速
pick up speed 逐渐加速
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed up！”“Slow down！” “Turn left！”
②(天津卷)After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
③How did the accident come about since he drove at a speed of sixty miles per hour?
[链接写作]——完成句子
(四川卷)显而易见， 一个好的学习习惯能帮助我们尽快达到我们的目标。
Obviously, a good learning habit can help us to speed up to achieve our aims.
[名师点津] 常考的“动词＋up”的短语：hold up举起；耽搁；延迟；keep up 保持；维持；set up 建造；创立；bring up 教育；培养；build up逐步建立；turn up出现；露面；clear up 整理；收拾；(天空)放晴。
5. [教材佳句]Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
[句法句式]句中exhausted为形容词在句中作伴随状语。
(1)形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
(2)形容词作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表结构；如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
[金句推送] To our relief, the missing child returned home ten days later, tired but healthy.
令我们欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到家里，疲倦但很健康。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Excited (excite) and happy, we greeted the foreign guests at the entrance of the school.
②(浙江卷)Tired(Tire)and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
③(全国卷)It was a real race against time to get the project done.Luckily (lucky)，we made it.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达) I was too nervous, and I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.
(高级表达) Too nervous, I couldn't think of anything at the beginning of the exam.(形容词短语作状语)
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Though lacking(lack) money and support from his family he managed to complete the task by himself，which brought him confidence and experience.
2．—Did you recognize your former classmate whom you hadn't seen for many years at the party yesterday?
—Yes, I recognized him immediately(immediate) I saw him.
3．Hopeless and disappointed (disappoint), the young man left Shenzhen and went back to his hometown.
4．Equipped with a digital camera, James constantly (constant) looks for those beautiful things to take photos of.
5．Many children at the school do not live in the town, but come from the surrounding (surround) countryside.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．(山东卷)They are broadening the bridge to speed up the flow of traffic.
7．Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live.
8．Such important people don't often have much free time because their work takes up most of their time.
9．Though reminded of the danger of hiking in such weather，the young men still wouldn't give up their plan.
10．I made a careful search in the crowds at the exit of the station, but I still lost sight of my cousin.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．Guided (guide) by the sun, they walked towards their destination through the woods.
12．All passengers on board are expected to fasten (fasten) the seat belts when the plane takes off and lands.
13．As far as I know, our English teacher as well as other teachers never tolerates cheating (cheat) in the exams.
14．(山东卷) My first impression (impress)of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
15．I'm not sure who is more frightened，me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据P17—18教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
I am taking up the prize to travel to AD 3008.I can't believe it so I have to remind myself 1.constantly (constant)．I have no previous experience, so at first I was uncertain.Luckily, my friend and guide Wang Ping was very understanding and gave me much help.2.Transported (transport) by Wang Ping's parents' company, I arrived in the future in 3.a time capsule.
At first my new surroundings were difficult 4.to tolerate (tolerate)．So I felt uncomfortable for lack 5.of fresh air.Wang Ping gave me a mask and hurried me through to a small room for a rest.Soon I was back on my feet again.Then I 6.followed (follow) Wang Ping to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.
Soon I could fly as swiftly as Wang Ping.7.But I lost sight of Wang Ping because of too many 8.carriages (carriage) flying by in all directions.He 9.was swept (sweep) up into the centre of them.Then I caught sight of Wang Ping again and flew after him.Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large room.It's fascinating.I had a meal and had a bath there.10.Exhausted (exhaust), I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①我对将来的生活很乐观。
I'm optimistic about life in the future.
②到那时，我们生存的环境会更舒适、漂亮。
By that time the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful.
③因为太阳能及风能将得到充分利用，人们将不再担心缺乏能源。
People will not worry about lacking energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of.
④家家都有机器人，机器人可以帮助人们打扫房间、做饭、照看孩子等。
There will be robots in every family.They can help people sweep up the houses, cook meals, look after the babies and so on.
⑤只需按一下开关，你的飞行汽车就可以飞往四面八方。
Only by pressing a switch can your flying car run in all directions．
⑥这就是我们未来的生活。
This is what our life will be like in the future.
2．升级平淡句
用非限制性定语从句升级句④
There will be robots in every family, which can help people sweep up the houses, cook meals, look after the babies and so on.
3．衔接成美文
I'm optimistic about life in the future. By that time the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lacking energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of. There will be robots in every family, which can help people sweep up the houses, cook meals, look after the babies and so on. Only by pressing a switch can your flying car run in all directions. This is what our life will be like in the future.
课件66张PPT。必修5Unit 3 Life in the future诵读话题经典Though ad has brought us greatconvenience making it more andmore popular with 构建知识体系aspect previous fasten flash guide lack switch material switched fastened previously lacks materials tolerance impression impressive constantly surrounding surroundings adjustment pressure instantly settlement exhausted motivation uncertain adjustable adjust adjustment instant instantly impressive impression impressed surroundings surrounded pressing pressuresettle settlement 药片 腰带；皮带 面具；面罩；伪装 时间表；时刻表 泥(浆) 公民；居民；市民 打字员 邮资 乐观(主义)的 回收利用；再利用 吞下；咽下 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的 代表；典型人物 典型的；有代表性的 垃圾箱 纽扣；按钮 平板电脑 印刷机 suffer from be greedy for... lose sight of as a result (a) lack of be back on one's feet a of from on take up sweep up slide into in all directions remind sb.of... speed up up of up in Too nervous create an easy atmosphere where 突破思维瓶颈of for lacking Lacking lacked the skill to communicate with otherswere lacking in the skill to communicate with others Lacking the skill to communicate with others the In On arriving at The instant/The moment/The minute he arrived at Hardly had he arrived at when 占用 开始做；从事 继续 接受 being taken in taken off up at at help us to speed up Excited Tired Luckily Too nervous强化运用技能lacking immediately disappointed constantly surrounding up where up of of Guided to fasten cheating impression who constantlyTransported a to tolerate of followed But carriages was swept Exhausted optimistic about the surroundings where we live lacking energy sweepup the housesby pressing a switch in alldirections what our life will be like There will be robots in every family, which can help people sweepup the houses, cook meals, look after the babies and so on. I'm optimistic about life in the future. By that time the surroundings where we live will be more comfortable and beautiful. People will not worry about lacking energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of. There will be robots in every family, which can help people sweep up the houses, cook meals, look after the babies and so on. Only by pressing a switch can your flying car run in all directions. This is what our life will be like in the future.点击右图进入…Thank you for watching !课时提能练(二十三)
Unit 3 Life in the future
课时作业A：基础层面
Ⅰ.语境语法填空
A
To relieve our academic 1.pressure (press), our new maths teacher adopts a special teaching approach, a 2.combination (combine) of a popular method with a traditional one. He also makes flexible 3.adjustments (adjust) to the teaching plan 4.previously (previous) made by the school. What's more, he creates a more fun environment to inspire our 5.motivation (motivate) for learning. Reasonable 6.tolerance (tolerate) for the errors in our studies 7.constantly (constant) builds up our confidence. Therefore, 8.optimism (optimistic) is gradually taking the place of pessimism and we are all making rapid progress.
B
Liu Yan often helps her sick mother sweep 9.up even though going to school takes 10.up most of her day. For lack 11.of money, she has to lead a hard life. However, she is always optimistic 12.about her future, dreaming of being a doctor one day. On the way to school she has to speed 13.up her bicycle, causing the birds nearby to fly 14.in all directions. When she slides 15.into her classroom, she quickly devotes herself to her lessons. What a considerate and sensible girl she is!
C
My daughter Kate went home 16.feeling (feel) sick after a day's hard work. 17.Pressed (press) hard by a problem that was not easy 18.to handle (handle), she couldn't go to sleep. During the night I could hear her sobbing in her pillow for 19.what seemed like hours. Obviously, she had reached a point 20.where she almost broke down under a great deal of pressure. Not 21.knowing (know) what to do, I wrote her manager a letter 22.where I explained what had happened to her and asked him for help.
Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子
1．我知道您肯定特别忙，我当然不想占用您太多的时间。(take up)
I know how busy you must be and naturally I wouldn't want to take up too much of your time．
2．(湖南卷)得知我所处的境况后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢地、充满自信地走出困境。(what从句)
After learning what situation I was in, my teacher, Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.
3．由于担心被逮住，这个小偷藏到床底下。(形容词短语作状语)
Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed.
4．你一到云南就请给我发电子邮件。(the instant/instantly)
Please send me an e-mail the instant/instantly you reach Yunnan．
5．在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。(全部倒装)
In front of our house stands a tall tree with a history of more than 1，000 years, which is protected by the government now.
课时作业B：能力层面
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly. Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks.
“The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.
They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互相依赖) of the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said Wood.
While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield. “Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.
Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications. “You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals, but using these robots instead，”he said.“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。
1．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?
A．It's automatic.
B．It's very small.
C．It's controllable.
D．It's quite powerful.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“Designed to do what a fly does naturally, the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故B项正确。]
2．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ．
A．act as a spy plane
B．help do farm work
C．fly at a very high speed
D．answer many scientific questions
A [推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites, in farmers' fields or on the battlefield”可知，某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用作间谍飞机，故A项正确。]
3．What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?
A．It is highly questionable.
B．It has wide practical applications.
C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines.
D．It points to a new direction in studying biology.
B [细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power ...could have much broader applications”并结合Wood所说的话可知，Wood认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故B项正确。]
4．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Harvard's Study in the Field of Insects
B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science
C．An Interesting Invention —Robotic Fly
D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect
D [标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。故D项最适合作为本文标题。]
B
(2019·潍坊市统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide, so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten. Some curl up their leaves, others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them, chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack. New research now shows some flora can feel a plant－eating animal well before it launches an attack, letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species.
When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin－Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil, nearby tomato plants appeared to notice. They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶) , which is known to prevent plant-eating animals. “None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says. “We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”
Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat. The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫), which usually eat tomato leaves greedily, had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance. This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival, says Orrock, who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia.
The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious, a plant communications expert, who was not involved in the study.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far-ranging effects，” Karban says. The research was comprehensive, he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them.
“That's the million-dollar question，” Orrock says. He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。研究表明植物会对外在威胁相当警觉，会自动做出反应进行自我保护。
5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ．
A．make them grow better
B．give them a warning
C．keep plant-eating animals away
D．inform plant-eating animals of danger
B [推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming, and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.”可推知，John Orrock在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选B。]
6．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To introduce another animal.
B．To confirm the result of the study.
C．To appeal to people to protect animals.
D．To analyze different resistance chemicals.
B [推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study, his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故选B。]
7．What does Richard Karban really want to know?
A．How tomato plants become aware of danger.
B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are.
C．Whether the research is of practical value.
D．What the finding of the research is.
A [推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The research was comprehensive，he adds, but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban实际上想了解的是西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选A。]
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Watchful Plants
B．Greedy Animals
C．A Snail's Approach
D．A Defense Attack
A [标题判断题。根据文章中的关键词plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应，故选A。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·昆明市教学质量检测)My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was 1 . I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest bathroom. This year, 2 ， I was encouraged to join in a running competition by my coach.
The 800-meter event was approaching, meaning that I would 3 soon. I breathed deeply and tried to ignore my worries. I walked over to some of the 4 who would run with me and started to 5 with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as 6 as possible.
I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his starting gun and 7 . About twenty-five runners 8 . With these runners around me, I recalled my coach's words, “You may be small, but you have 9 power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my size. I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I 10 to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.
It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I 11 I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my 12 . I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side by side down the last 100 meters—I 13 him by a hair at the finishing line.
My coach gave me a 14 hug as I headed back to see him. He was excited because I had shortened my original 15 by twelve seconds at least.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者以前喜欢一个人跑步，最不爱参加运动会，但是今年作者努力尝试，参加了跑步比赛。
1．A.shocked B．nervous
C．comfortable D．brave
B [根据上文中的“for I loved running by myself”以及空后的“I had butterflies in my stomach”可知，当作者与运动员同伴赛跑时，作者很紧张。]
2．A.however B．instead
C．otherwise D．moreover
A [空处所在句表示今年教练鼓励作者去参加跑步比赛，与上文内容形成转折，所以用however“然而”。]
3．A.delay B．fail
C．escape D．compete
D [根据空前的“The 800-meter event was approaching”可知，作者很快将参加比赛。]
4．A.reporters B．judges
C．runners D．coaches
C [根据语境和空后的“who would run with me”可知，作者走向一些将和他一起跑步的跑步者，开始和他们一起热身(warm up)。]
5．A.watch out B．turn back
C．get away D．warm up
D [参见上题解析。]
6．A.smoothly B．rapidly
C．calmly D．patiently
B [根据空前的“We were all...to run”并结合常识可知，我们都准备好尽可能快地奔跑。]
7．A.returned B．withdrew
C．screamed D．fired
D [根据语境可知，发令员举起发令枪，开枪(示意起跑)。]
8．A.took off B．set down
C．looked on D．went about
A [根据上文可知，发令员开枪示意起跑，大约25名赛跑者出发。]
9．A.exact B．great
C．practical D．suitable
B [根据空前的“You may be small” “but”并结合语境可知，此处表示你或许弱小，但你拥有巨大的力量。]
10．A.offered B．pretended
C．regretted D．managed
D [根据空后的“make it to the top four”可知，作者设法跑进了前四。]
11．A.claimed B．heard
C．supposed D．remembered
C [根据上文中的“the last lap”可知，作者认为自己有获胜的可能。]
12．A.speech B．mind
C．fight D．pace
D [根据空前的“So I widened my steps”可知，作者跨大步子，加快了速度。]
13．A.beat B．pushed
C．dragged D．followed
A [根据语境可知，作者追上了第一名，并和他肩并肩跑完了最后的100米，在终点线以微弱的优势赢了他。]
14．A.soft B．cautious
C．firm D．slight
C [根据上文内容可知，作者在赛跑中取得了第一名，当他回头看教练时，教练给了他一个坚实的拥抱。]
15．A.distance B．time
C．lap D．step
B [根据语境可知，教练很兴奋，因为作者比自己原先的(跑步)时间至少缩短了12秒。故选B。]
