高中英语被动语态课件（28张ppt）
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| 名称 | 高中英语被动语态课件（28张ppt） |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（新课程标准） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-02-17 09:51:09 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
高中英语
被动语态的复习
语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。
We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
一、被动语态的定义：
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
二、被动语态的一般结构：
即：be+ done (+ by)
在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
The task has been finished.
任务已经完成了。
结构： be+ done (+ by)
一般现在时： am / is / are done
一般过去时： was / were done
现在进行时： am / is / are being done
过去进行时： was / were being done
现在完成时： have / has been done
过去完成时： had been done
一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done
当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done
He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。
This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。
The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。
He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。
The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。
He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。
The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。
The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
三、各种时态的被动语态：
People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。
English is spoken almost all over the world.
1．含有单宾语的句子转换：
四、 主动变被动中的几个问题：
People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。
It is believed that he is an honest boy.
The boy is believed to be an honest one.
方法1) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。
方法2) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；
另：当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。
练习：
We all think that we could win the game.
we are thought to win the game.
It is thought that we could win the game.
2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换
I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。
The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).
Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).
3. 含有动词短语的句子转换。
They have never listened to him.
人家从不听他的话。
He has never been listened to.
练习：
They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。
He made me do the work.
I was made to do the work by him.
4. 主动句中动词不带to,
但在被动句中带to的几种情况：
练习：
we heard him say good-bye to his friends.
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
注意：Make, feel, let, hear, see, watch等词
在主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带to
五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：
1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等。这些动词常与副词连用。例如：
The machine runs well.
This pen writes quite smoothly.
This kind of book sells well.
2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：
—Do you like the material?
—Yes, it ________ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
C
Your idea sounds reasonable.
What he said proved to be correct.
3. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
His suggestion is not worth considering.
高考直击：
1.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week．
A．are to be held B. is to be held
C. are holding D．will hold
2. Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful．(2000年上海春招题）
A. has tried; has proved B．tried; proves
C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved
3.The question he asked is hard ____ ．
A. for answer B. to answer
C. to be answered D. answering
B
C
B
4．By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing.(2003年上海春招题)
A. would be completed B. was beingcompleted
C. has been complete D. had been completed
5．More than a dozen students in that school ＿＿＿ abroad to study medicine last year.
(2005年上海高考题)
A. sent B. were sent
C. had sent D. had been sent
D
B
6.－－Why did you leave that position?
－－ I ＿＿ a better position at IBM. (2005年北京高考题)
A. offer B. offered
C. am offered D. was offered
7. More patients ＿＿ in hospital this year than last year. (2004年江苏高考题)
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
8. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to ＿＿before the party. (2004 年全国高考卷)
A. get changed B. get change
C. get changing D. get to change
D
D
A
9. Rainforests ＿＿and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the? future. (2002年上海春招题)
A. cut B. are cut
C. are being cut D. had been cut
10. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment＿＿. (2005年北京春招题)
A. is damaged B. had been damaged
C. damaged D. was damaged
C
B
11.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ＿＿by 2006. (2004年北京卷)
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
12. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child. (2002年上海高考题)
A. is to blame B. is doing to blame
C. is to be blame D. should blame
13.Great changes ______in the city ,and a lot of factories______.（2003NMET)
A. have been taken place…have been set up
B. have taken place…have been set up
C. have taken place…have set up
D. were taken place…were set up
C
A
B
14.——Do you like the material?
——Yes, it______ very soft. (NMET)
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
15. The Olympic Games, ____in 776 BC ,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
C
C
实战应用：
welcome to our school. I `d like to introduce you the plans for our school. A lot of work ___ (do) in the past few years. The library ____ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab ___(build) this year. But we donot have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades____ (collect) money. A party ____ (plan)
for the end of this term. The money which is collected _____(spend) on new equipment. At present, plans ____ (make) for a party at the end of the summer term.
the gardens of the school ___ (improve) this year. New trees ___ (plant) which will soon give shade in Summer. The whole school _____ (paint) during the holidays. In fact, she will be more beautiful and good for us to study.
has been done
has been completed
Is being built
are collecting
Is being planned
will be spent
are being made
are being improved
are being planted
Is going to be painted
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
— Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
下列情况主动句不能改为被动句
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误：Each other is loved.
同源宾语 ： 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。如：
I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。
二、用法： 1.常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。斗争，打了一个漂亮仗。
a. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。
b. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 去年八月份，我们的战士与洪水作
在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …
高中英语
被动语态的复习
语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。
We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
一、被动语态的定义：
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
二、被动语态的一般结构：
即：be+ done (+ by)
在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
The task has been finished.
任务已经完成了。
结构： be+ done (+ by)
一般现在时： am / is / are done
一般过去时： was / were done
现在进行时： am / is / are being done
过去进行时： was / were being done
现在完成时： have / has been done
过去完成时： had been done
一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done
当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have to…be done
He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。
This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。
The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。
He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。
The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。
He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。
The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。
The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
三、各种时态的被动语态：
People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。
English is spoken almost all over the world.
1．含有单宾语的句子转换：
四、 主动变被动中的几个问题：
People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。
It is believed that he is an honest boy.
The boy is believed to be an honest one.
方法1) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。
方法2) 用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；
另：当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从 句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。
练习：
We all think that we could win the game.
we are thought to win the game.
It is thought that we could win the game.
2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换
I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。
The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).
Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).
3. 含有动词短语的句子转换。
They have never listened to him.
人家从不听他的话。
He has never been listened to.
练习：
They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一 个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。
He made me do the work.
I was made to do the work by him.
4. 主动句中动词不带to,
但在被动句中带to的几种情况：
练习：
we heard him say good-bye to his friends.
He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.
注意：Make, feel, let, hear, see, watch等词
在主动句中动词不带to, 但在被动句中要带to
五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：
1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等。这些动词常与副词连用。例如：
The machine runs well.
This pen writes quite smoothly.
This kind of book sells well.
2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：
—Do you like the material?
—Yes, it ________ very soft.
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
C
Your idea sounds reasonable.
What he said proved to be correct.
3. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
His suggestion is not worth considering.
高考直击：
1.An exhibition of paintings ____ at the museum next week．
A．are to be held B. is to be held
C. are holding D．will hold
2. Every possible means ____, but none ____ successful．(2000年上海春招题）
A. has tried; has proved B．tried; proves
C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved
3.The question he asked is hard ____ ．
A. for answer B. to answer
C. to be answered D. answering
B
C
B
4．By the end of last year, another new gymnasium ____ in Beijing.(2003年上海春招题)
A. would be completed B. was beingcompleted
C. has been complete D. had been completed
5．More than a dozen students in that school ＿＿＿ abroad to study medicine last year.
(2005年上海高考题)
A. sent B. were sent
C. had sent D. had been sent
D
B
6.－－Why did you leave that position?
－－ I ＿＿ a better position at IBM. (2005年北京高考题)
A. offer B. offered
C. am offered D. was offered
7. More patients ＿＿ in hospital this year than last year. (2004年江苏高考题)
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
8. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you wouldn’t have time to ＿＿before the party. (2004 年全国高考卷)
A. get changed B. get change
C. get changing D. get to change
D
D
A
9. Rainforests ＿＿and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the? future. (2002年上海春招题)
A. cut B. are cut
C. are being cut D. had been cut
10. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment＿＿. (2005年北京春招题)
A. is damaged B. had been damaged
C. damaged D. was damaged
C
B
11.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ＿＿by 2006. (2004年北京卷)
A. has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
12. I feel it is your husband who ______ for the spoiled child. (2002年上海高考题)
A. is to blame B. is doing to blame
C. is to be blame D. should blame
13.Great changes ______in the city ,and a lot of factories______.（2003NMET)
A. have been taken place…have been set up
B. have taken place…have been set up
C. have taken place…have set up
D. were taken place…were set up
C
A
B
14.——Do you like the material?
——Yes, it______ very soft. (NMET)
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
15. The Olympic Games, ____in 776 BC ,did not include women players until 1912.(NMET)
A.first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
C
C
实战应用：
welcome to our school. I `d like to introduce you the plans for our school. A lot of work ___ (do) in the past few years. The library ____ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab ___(build) this year. But we donot have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades____ (collect) money. A party ____ (plan)
for the end of this term. The money which is collected _____(spend) on new equipment. At present, plans ____ (make) for a party at the end of the summer term.
the gardens of the school ___ (improve) this year. New trees ___ (plant) which will soon give shade in Summer. The whole school _____ (paint) during the holidays. In fact, she will be more beautiful and good for us to study.
has been done
has been completed
Is being built
are collecting
Is being planned
will be spent
are being made
are being improved
are being planted
Is going to be painted
第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look, seem, taste, sound, remain等。
— Do you like the material? — Yes, it feels very soft.
误：It is felt very soft.
The food tastes delicious.
误：The food is tasted delicious.
The pop music sounds beautiful.
误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.
下列情况主动句不能改为被动句
第二，谓语是及物动词leave, enter, reach, suit, have, benefit, lack, own等。如：
He entered the room and got his book.
误：The room was entered and his book was got.
She had her hand burned.
误：Her hand was had burned.
第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。如：
The fire broke out in the capital building.
误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.
第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。
When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
误：The sun had already been risen.
After the earthquake, few houses remained.
误：After the earthquake, few houses were remained.
第五，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语，如：
I taught myself English.
误：Myself was taught English.
We love each other.
误：Each other is loved.
同源宾语 ： 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语，这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。如：
I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。
二、用法： 1.常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。斗争，打了一个漂亮仗。
a. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。
b. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 去年八月份，我们的战士与洪水作
在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：
据说…… It is said that …
据报导…… It is reported that …
据推测…… It is supposed that …
希望…… It is hoped that …
众所周知…… It is well known that …
普遍认为…… It is generally considered that …
有人建议…… It is suggested that …