中考英语语法专题讲解——定语从句 (共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
中考语法
中考英语语法讲解系列
定语从句
Attribute Clause
定语从句基本概念
如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，即
用来修饰和形容这个词语，这个句子就称
为定语从句
如果由一个句子来充当一个词的定语，
那么这个句字就被称为________。

定语从句
定从基本概念
被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句由关系词引导。
修饰名词或代词的从句。
定语从句：
先行词：
定从基本概念
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/that which/that
作宾语 (who/that/whom) (which/that)
作定语 whose whose
我们先来认识一下关系代词，对它们有初步印象
括号的含义是可以省略不填。
定从基本概念
定从基本概念
引导从句
关系代词
的作用
指代先行词
在定语从句中充当成分



定从基本概念
来看一个例子
定从基本概念
The girl who sits beside me is my sister.


关系代词
(
)

括号内是定语从句
其余部分是主句
主句的主语
也是先行词
引导了从句


定从基本概念
判断出定语从句的位置
定语从句
的关键
选择合适的关系代词


定从基本概念
判断出定语从句的位置
The boy who stands over there runs very fast.
如果先行词是主句的主语
The boy who stands over there runs very fast.
如果先行词是主句的主语

主句的主语
也是先行词

那么定语从句从关系代词开始
The boy who stands over there runs very fast.
如果先行词是主句的主语
那么定语从句从关系代词开始
到最后一个动词前面结束
关系代词

The boy who stands over there runs very fast.
如果先行词是主句的主语
那么定语从句从关系代词开始
到最后一个动词前面结束
(
)
最后一个动词

I like the boy who stands over there.
如果先行词是主句的宾语或者表语
I like the boy who stands over there.
如果先行词是主句的宾语或者表语

主句的宾语
也是先行词

那么定语从句从关系代词开始
I like the boy who stands over there.
如果先行词是主句的宾语或者表语
那么定语从句从关系代词开始
关系代词

一直到句子结尾
I like the boy who stands over there.
如果先行词是主句的宾语或者表语
那么定语从句从关系代词开始
一直到句子结尾
句子的结尾

(
)
定语从句总是从________开始。
总结
关系代词
如果先行词是主句的主语，
定语从句一直到________________结束。
最后一个动词前面
如果先行词是主句的宾语或者表语，
定语从句一直到__________结束。
句子的末尾
定从基本概念
判断出定语从句的位置
定语从句
的关键
选择合适的关系代词


定从基本概念
选择合适的关系代词
The woman _______ gave him the money was young.
给他钱的那个女人年纪不大。

定从基本概念
who/that
先行词
指代____
在从句中做____
人
主语
（
）
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/that which/that
作宾语 (who/that/whom) (which/that)
作定语 whose whose
Mrs. Smith _____ you met yesterday is a friend of mine.
你昨天见的那个史密斯夫人是我的一个朋友。

定从基本概念
who
先行词
指代____
在从句中做____
人
宾语
（
）
(whom/that)
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/that which/that
作宾语 (who/that/whom) (which/that)
作定语 whose whose
He wore a mask(面具) _________ is gift of his birthday.
他戴的面具是他的生日礼物。

定从基本概念
which/that
先行词
指代____
在从句中做____
物
主语
（
）
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/that which/that
作宾语 (who/that/whom) (which/that)
作定语 whose whose
This is the film _________ I’d like to see.
这就是我想看的那场电影。

定从基本概念
which/that
先行词
指代____
在从句中做____
物
宾语
（
）
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/that which/that
作宾语 (who/that/whom) (which/that)
作定语 whose whose
This is the scientist ______ name is known to all.
这就是那个尽人皆知的科学家。

定从基本概念
whose
先行词
指代____
在从句中做____
人
定语
（
）
先行词是人 先行词是物
作主语 who/that which/that
作宾语 (who/that/whom) (which/that)
作定语 whose whose
请完成 P238 小试身手及 底部 合并句子
P238 小试身手
- Who is the man _______ was talking to our
English teacher?
A. he B. that
C. whom D. which
√
- Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
P238 小试身手
I hate the people ________ don’t help others when
they are in trouble.
A. who B. which
C. they D. where
√
P238 小试身手
This is the book ________ cover is torn.
A. their B. which
C. whose D. where
√
P238 小试身手
The professor ________ they want to visit is the
president of the university.
A. him B. that
C. whom D. which
√
√
P238 小试身手
This is the place _____ I have ever visited.
A. there B. when
C. where D. which
√
P238-[2] 合并句子
The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.
The boy who was here a minute ago is my young brother.
The woman is here now. You were talking about her.
The woman (whom/that) you were talking
about is here now.
P238-[2] 合并句子
whose
P238-[3]
The man ____________________________ gave me
a reward.
(I found and returned his wallet.)
whose wallet I found and returned
whose
P238-[3]
Parents _______________________________ are
usually very proud.
(their children graduate from college)
whose children graduate from college
whose
P238-[3]
The teacher __________________________ went to
Japan to teach English.
(I took his class last semester)
whose class I took last semester
只能用that不能用which的情况
P239-[4]
疑问句
限定词
不定代词
有人有物
只用that
不用which





只能用that不能用which的情况
P239-[4]
当先行词是不定代词，如all, everything, anything,
nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等
I want the one THAT was borrowed yesterday.
There is little (that) I can do for you.
只能用that不能用which的情况
P239-[4]-a
先行词（指物的）前面有only, any, few, one of, little,
no, all, every, very, just等词修饰时。
There's no difficulty THAT we can't overcome.
The Spiderman is just the film THAT I want to see.
只能用that不能用which的情况
This is the first letter THAT I've written in English.
先行词被序数词first, last, next等或形容词的
最高级修饰时
She is the most careful girl THAT I've ever known.
P239-[4]-b
只能用that不能用which的情况
They talked about the people and places THAT they
had visited.
当先行词是即有人又有物时
P239-[4]-c
只能用that不能用which的情况
Which is the bike THAT you lost?
当主句中已有疑问词who或which时
P239-[4]-d
请完成 P239 翻译及小试身手
The only thing (that) they can do is waiting.
This is the very pen (that) you bought yesterday.
他们唯一能做的事就是等待。
这正是你昨天买的笔。
P239 翻译
There is nothing in the world ____ can frighten him.
The only games ____ I play are football and tennis.
He is the only student ____ understands English well.
that
that
that
P239 小试身手
The second book ____ I want to read is Travels in China.
This is the very man ____ I have been looking for.
Finally, the thief handed over everything ____
he had stolen to the police.
that
that
that
P239 小试身手
关系代词与关系副词
P240-二-[1]
关系副词
表示时间
表示地点
表示原因
when
where
why
that
who
which
when
where
why
如果缺少的是主语或者宾语，我们补关系代词
我们只需要看从句中缺什么成分就好
如果不缺宾语，缺少的是状语，我们补关系副词
关系代词与关系副词
P240-二-[1]
This is the place _________ I visited years ago.
that/which
visit是及物动词，后面缺的是宾语，因为平时说的
是类似于visit Shanghai或者visit you的句子
关系代词与关系副词
P240-三
看从句中缺什么成分
此处缺
visit的宾语
This is the place _______ I lived years ago.
where
live后面缺的是状语，
因为平时说的是类似于live in Shanghai的句子
in Shanghai是状语，而非宾语
关系代词与关系副词
P240-三
此处缺
live的状语
看从句中缺什么成分
= This is the day _____ _____ we met.
on
on
This is the day when we met.
关系代词与关系副词
P241-三
which
we
met
the
day
You should remember to put the book back to the
place _____ _____ it belongs.
to
to
You should remember to put the book back to the
place where it belongs.
关系代词与关系副词
P241-三
which
it
belongs
the
place
关系代词与关系副词
P241-三
总结：关系副词 = _______ + _______
介词
which
千万不能填写that
请完成 P240 小试身手 × 2
P240 小试身手
I buy my groceries at a store
______________________________.
(I can buy fresh produce foods at that store)
where I can buy fresh produce foods
P240 小试身手
The teacher didn’t give a test on the day
________________________________.
(Some students celebrate a holiday on that day)
when some students celebrate a holiday
P240 小试身手
This is the reason ______________________.
(We have to study hard for this reason)
why we have to study hard
P241 小试身手
The day when I met the famous pop star was
the greatest day of my life.
The day on which I met the famous pop star was
the greatest day of my life.
P241 小试身手
I shall never forget those years when I lived with her.
I shall never forget those years in which I lived with her.
P241 小试身手
She wants to go to the place where she and her
husband go every year.
She wants to go to the place to which she and her
husband go every year.
她想去她和丈夫每年度假都会去的地方。
限定与非限定性定语从句
P241-四
Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages
her to go to college.
Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages
her to go to college.
对哥哥的性质进行了说明，暗示还有其他哥哥。
对哥哥进行了补充，暗示只有这个哥哥。
比较
限定与非限定性定语从句
P241-四
All the books that have pictures in them are well written.
All the books, which have pictures in them, are well written.
对书籍的性质进行了说明，暗示还有其他没画的书。
对书籍进行了补充，暗示所有书都有画。
比较
限定与非限定性定语从句
P241-四
限定性定语从句对先行词起限制、确定的作用，
是先行词不可缺少的定语。
总结
如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整，不明确或
不合逻辑。这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开。
限定与非限定性定语从句
P241-四
非限定性定语从句和先行词关系松散，只是对先行词
作附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思
仍然完整或清楚。
总结
这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开。
拓展思考
P242
She heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
She heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.
A. that
B. /
C. what
D. who
√
√
拓展思考
引导限制性定语从句时，
关系代词which可以与that互换；
但引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用which。
总结
P242
拓展思考
I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. for which
B. at which
C. for whom
D. why
I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.
A. when
B. which
C. why
D. for that
√
√
P242
拓展思考
先行词为reason时
限制性定语可以用why或for which来引导
非限制性定语从句则只能用for which来引导。
总结
P242
拓展思考
He was eager to go to the hospital to see his
stepmother, ______ he loved and respected as
his own mother.
A. as
B. which
C. /
D. whom
√
P242
拓展思考
引导限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中
担任宾语时可以被省略
但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词
即使作宾语也不能省略
总结
P242
拓展思考
Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
The American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned
in the news broadcast is said to have been killed
by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. /
√
√
P242
拓展思考
引导限制性定语从句时并作从句宾语的关系代词
whom可以用who来代替
但在非限制性定语从句中，whom就不能用who替换。
总结
P243
拓展思考
______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. When
Mary was late for school, ______ often happened.
A. as
B. for which
C. that
D. why
√
√
P243
拓展思考
当非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时，其关系代词
只能用as，不能用which。
此时非限制性定语从句可置于主句之前、之后或之中。
总结
P243
拓展思考
He bought the car for more than $20,000,
______ his father was angry.
A. about that
B. with as
C. when
D. with which
√
P243
拓展思考
由“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，
关系代词指代整个主句时，
不能用as，只能用which。
总结
P243
Bye-Bye
Bye-Bye