英语中考之动词及短语（含思维图）

英语中考之动词



































































































































































































































































































































































































1、 put 相关
put sth on ________________ put on _____________ put off ____________
put out ________________ put up ______________ put away ____________
put aside________________ put down____________
2、 make相关
make it ________________ make up_______________ be made of _____________
be made from_____________ be made by_____________ make out of_____________
3、 take 相关
take off ________________ take over ______________ take down ____________
take place ______________ take notes______________ take a break____________
take up_______________ take action______________ take away______________
take care of_______________ take charge _____________ take in ______________
4、look相关
look after________________ look forward to doing ___________ look ahead_____________
look as if ________________ look at ____________ look around/about____________
look for____________look down/upon__________ look into ________look up______________
look like _____________look on_____________ lookout___________ look through___________
5、 knock相关
knock on /at_____________ knock sth off___________ knock off work 下班___________
knock 10% off优惠10% knock sb over把某人撞到
6、 give 相关
give off____________ give out __________ give away _________ give way____________
give in__________ give up ________ give sb a hand________give lessons to sb____________
7、get 相关
get up __________ get on with _________ get married____________ get on _________ get off___________ get/be used to_______ get….into trouble________get out of_______
get tired of_______ get through__________ get away_____________
8、 turn 相关
turn on _________ turn off ___________ turn up _________ turn down_______
turn out_________ turn around________ turn over______turn to sb for help_______
9、 send相关
send out________ send a letter_________ send off_________ send away______
10、keep相关
Keep in mind __________ keep in touch ___________ keep sb from doing__________
Keep an eye on_________ keep on doing___________ keep up with_______________
11、break 相关
breakdown___________break in/into__________ break out__________ break up________
break into pieces________ break one’s heart____________break off____________
12、pick 相关
Pick out____ ___ pick up__ __ pick on_ __ pick at___ __
13、way 相关
In the way_____________ on the way__________ in this way_______ in a way_____
By the way____________ all the way__________ in some ways_____ in many ways_______
14、go 相关
go out________________ go over___________ go on doing_________ go up______
15、make 相关
make out_____________ make a living_______ make a mistake_________ make money______
make fun of__________make a noise_______ make progress________make friends with_____
16、think 相关
Think about__________ think of __________think over____________
17、carry 相关
Carry on____________ carryout_________carry on with__________
18、call 相关
Call on sb.____________ call at sw._________call out to sb.__________ call off_________



































系动词

be动词

“保持”“变化”

感官动词

be+adv.+adj“如何是”

become, seem, turn, grow, get, keep, stay, go,

look,sound,taste,smell,feel

常接形容词作表语

主谓一致

助动词

狭义概念：“赠送的”

扩展概念：“自带的”

do,does,did

凡谓语由两部分构成之前者

句型操作及答语

实义动词身份

助动词身份/强调功能

情态动词

意思答语

表示推测

may答语:肯定Certainly./Sure./Yes,you can.
否定Sorry, but you can’t/mustn’t

“一定”must


“必须” Must I…？Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t/don’t have to.

“不得不” Do I have to..? Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t/don’t have to.

“需要”实义动词：not need to do sth.
情态动词：needn’t do sth.

Would you like to do?答语“I’d like to”
“I’d like to, but....”

had better “最好(不)做某事”
You’d better do…/You’d better not do…


“可能”may,might,could

“不可能”can’t

动词词形变化

三单

现在分词

过去式、过去分词

+s

s,x,sh,ch,o+es

辅+y→i+es

不规则

+ing

去e+ing

双写+ing

ie→y+ing

+ed

辅+y→i+ed

双写+ed

不规则

辅元辅，且重读，不忘双写尾字母（除组合外）

实义动词

时态

语态

名称

被动：be+done


及物动词
必须跟宾语

不及物动词
不直跟宾语

谓动

一般现在时

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

一般将来时

★过去将来时

现在完成时

★过去完成时

do/does

did

be+doing

was/were+doing

will+do

would+do

have/has+done

had+done

一般现在时
am/is/are +done

一般过去时
was/were +done

一般将来时
will+be+done

含情态动词
情态动词+be+done

选项有无被动只需考虑时态


该而不:感官发生实现出版


使役动词正常不带to被动则带


意思需要

时间，标志

意思

平时经常做

某次过去做

现在正在做

过去正在做

现在将要做

过去将要做

到现在已做

到过去已做

时态判断

所用时态

时间


一般现在时

on Sundays

一般过去时

现在进行时

过去进行时

一般将来时


过去将来时

现在完成时

ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989


now, these days


at this time yesterday, at that time

tomorrow,this afternoon,next year

the next day

so far,in the past years,since


标志


频率/真理/时间条件状从


at the age of 5,just now,when+从

look, listen与频度副词连用

when+过

in+时间段

常用于宾从中

already,yet,ever,never,before,for


过去完成时


by yesterday/then/the end of


when+过before+过，by+过


①完成时句中,与for,since,how long连用时,动词要用延续形式
go to, come to →be in/at leave→be away (from) arrive→be in/at
die →be kead begin/start→be on end →be over
buy →have join →be a member of/be in borrow→keep
get married→be married make friends with→be friends with
②have gone to“去了”人不在这里, have been to“去过”人在这里
¤强调句型：It is +一段时间+since+过去时 “自…以来，已经多长时间了”

动词短语

意思

结构

搭配


动词+介词

doing

动词+副词

be+adj.+介词

宾语一律后置

代宾中，名中后

非谓语动词

不定式to do

现在分词doing

过去分词done

作主语

作宾语

作主语被视为单数

作主语

作表语

作宾语

作宾补

作定语

作状语

宾从省略式

常被形主it代替

be+to do “是做”

被形宾it代替

省to不省

要后置，省介否

表目的，原因

疑问词+to do

判定:后有谓动

be doing“正在做”

have sth. done使被

be done“被做”

不定式作主语
常被形式主语it代替，而把to do 置于句尾
It is +adj./n.+(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth. It takes +sb. +st. +to do sth.

后接to do的动词：like, ask, wish, hope, dare, offer, decide, help, long, learn, start, begin, agree, refuse, want, expect, promise, pretend, plan, manage, afford, prepare
被形宾代替：think/find/make+ it+adj. +(for sb./of sb.)+to do sth.

后接sb. to do的动词：force, teach, get, tell, know, help, ask, invite, wish, want, warn, wait for, allow, require, cause, advise, order, encourage, like

常用省略to的不定式作宾补的动词有：have, make, let, feel, see, observe, look at, listen to, notice, watch, hear, discover(被动语态要还原to) 结构有：had better do, would rather do(than do), can’t but do, do nothing but do, have nothing to do but do, why do?, why not do?


作定语：要后置。若不定式是不及物动词，作定语时其后介词不能省。
(修饰的名词是time,place,way?时其后上常省略介词)

作状语：表目的：go to sp. to do /do sb. can to do /follow sb. to do
表原因：be sorry to do/be happy to do/be pleased to do

后接doing的动词：advise,allow,avoid,miss,mind,enjoy,finish,keep,put off,give up,keep on,practice,imagine,consider,can’t help,can’t stop,suggest,can’t stand



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