2020中考英语阅读理解讲与练（导学案）含答案

2020中考英语阅读理解讲与练（导学案）含答案
【例】
（2019中考选练）
These days the subject of safety on campus is talked about quite often. Some students’ mobile photos are stolen, some students fight with and hurt one another, and others are knocked down by the fast running motorbikes or cars.
These problems are common on campus. I think there are three causes for these. Firstly, some students don’t take care of their own things. They are still young and not careful enough. Secondly, some students want to do everything well. They want to be the winners in exams, and they also want to be the winners in fighting. And thirdly, the campus guards don’t carry on their duties well..
In order to have a safe campus, all the students should be very careful about their own things. They should also mind their behaviors and act politely. The campus guards are supposed to be devoted（致力于）to the safety on campus, and it is their duty to safeguard a safe campus to help provide a good environment for the students.
1. According to the passage, some students’ _________ are lost.
A. books?????????????? B. watches??????????? C. bikes???????????????? D. mobile phones
2. There are ______ reasons for the campus problems.
A. 2????????????????????? B. 3????????????????????? C. 4????????????????????? D. 5
3. The passage tells us some _______ don’t carry on their duties well.
A. campus guards? B. students???? ?????? C. teachers??????????? D. headteachers
4. Which of the following sentences is not right?
A. Some students are knocked down by cars.
B. Some students want to be the winners in exams and fighting.
C. All the students take care of their own things.
D. All the students should take care of their own things.
5. This passage is mainly about _________.
A. how to make the campus safe???????? B. how to do well in exams
C. how to act politely????????????????????????? D. how to take care of things
参考答案1D? 2B? 3A? 4C? 5A

**阅读理解概论**
阅读理解解题策略指导：
阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：
1．读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
2．既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念。
3．既理解字面的意思，也理解深层次的含义，包括作者的态度，意图等。
4．既理解某句，某段的含义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
5．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
中考英语阅读理解题主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读能力、理解能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力以及对材料的评价能力等。
　　试题中所选的阅读文章题材多样化，涉及政治经济、社会文化、风俗习惯、历史地理、科学技术等各个方面。(这要求学生平时对各方面的知识都有所积累，做个有心人)体裁多样化，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文以及新闻报道、广告、通知、操作说明、表格(要求学生能看懂这类阅读材料尤其是时下出题的趋势)等各种文体。它要求考生阅读理解准确度高、阅读速度快。
　　大致来说，主要针对如下方面：1.文章的个别词或句子，可以给出生词让学生猜意，对此类题目学生应尽量在阅读材料中找定义或解释；2.文章的某细节或情节；3.文章的主题；4.文章的背景知识；5.文章的结论或结局；6.文章内涵的隐义或寓意等。主要是考查考生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括阅读、理解、归纳概括、逻辑推理以及对材料的评估能力等。
　　具体来讲主要有以下几种题型：
　　具体信息：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。
　　语义理解：题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。
　　逻辑推理：这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。
归纳概括：要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章作出归纳、概括或评价。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、专业知识进行逻辑思维推理判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。
词意判断：要求根据上下文判断短文中词或短语的意思。
在阅读过程中要重视培养自我阅读能力，根据不同的阅读目的和要求，采取不同的阅读方法和策略。
提高阅读能力所常用的阅读技巧主要有细读、略读、全读等。
扫读：是一种快速阅读方法，主要在于对文章信息的精确定位，锁定重要信息，如找出人物、时间、地点、数字等。
略读：也是一种快速阅读，目的是读取文章的主旨大意。与扫读不同的是，略读是跳跃式的，略掉一些东西不读，取出短文中的关键性东西。
细读：细读是完全阅读，目的包括（1）确定中心思想及标题；（2）了解用以阐述中心思想的事实及细节；（3）对作者的暗示或隐含思想进行判断、推理、引申；（4）根据上下文推测词义。
扩大视距：要以意群为单位，注重对整句话的理解，扩大注视空间。
带问题阅读：先浏览短文后面的题目，做到心中有数，带着目的去阅读，以提高阅读实效。
根据上下文猜测词意：遇到生词，要根据上下文线索和暗示、上下文的联系、常识和经验推断或猜测词意。
二、跟踪练习
A
In Britain, Boxing Day is usually celebrated on December 26th，which is the following day after Christmas Day.However，strictly speaking, Boxing Day is the first weekday after Christmas. Like Christmas Day, Boxing Day is a public holiday.This means it's a non?working day in the whole of Britain.When Boxing Day falls on a Saturday or Sunday，the following Monday is the public holiday.
The exact origin(起源)of the holiday is unclear.One of the thoughts is that during the Middle Ages，when great sailing ships were setting off to discover new land，a Christmas Box was placed by a priest (神父)on each ship.Those sailors who wanted to ensure a safe return would drop money into the box.It was sealed_up and kept on board until the ship came home safely.Then the box was handed over to the priest in the exchange for the saying of a mass of thanks for the success of the sailing.The priest wouldn't open it to share the contents with the poor until Christmas.
One more thought is about the“Alms Box”placed in every church on Christmas Day.Worshippers (做礼拜的人)put gifts for the poor into it.These boxes were always opened the day after Christmas，that is why that day became known as Boxing Day.
Today，many businesses，organizations and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating(捐赠)their time，services and money to aid Food Banks，providing gifts for the poor，or helping families in need.Besides，spending time with family and shopping are popular Boxing Day activities now.
(　　)1.If Christmas Day is on a Saturday，Boxing Day will be celebrated on______.
A．December 25th B．December 26th
C．December 27th D．December 28th
(　　)2.Sailors dropped money into the Christmas Box in order to______.
A．save the poor B．pay for the priest
C．discover new land D．pray for sailing safely
(　　)3.The underlined phrase sealed up probably means “______”in the passage.
A．密封 B．悬挂
C．归还 D．传递
(　　)4.The following activities can show the traditional spirit of Boxing Day EXCEPT______.
A．offering gifts to the poor B．supporting families in need
C．spending time with family D．giving money to aid Food Banks
(　　)5.The purpose of the passage is______.
A．to praise the kindness of priests B．to introduce the origins of Boxing Day
C．to call on people to help the poor D．to compare Boxing Day with Christmas Day

B
（2019中考选练）
Hello, everyone. Because of the high rate of school violence(暴力) in some areas, teenagers’ safety becomes a serious problem. We are planning to set up an organization named School Watch to make sure that students have a safe school environment. Please be part of our plan!
What is School Watch?
School watch is a volunteer project in our school. It helps us stop violence and improve the quality of school life. It will keep yourself and your schoolmates safe. The other members of School Watch care for you and your classroom and you do the same for them.
Is it for everyone?
Anybody can become a member of School Watch because everyone has something to offer.
What else can it do?
School Watch makes it possible for us not only to help each other but also to make friends with each other. Some members may offer to help schoolmates who have problems with their homework..
Who is the Best School Watcher?
Our school will look for the Best School Watcher and give him or her lots of prizes. You could be the one.
How do you start?
To be part of this plan, the only thing you need to do is to talk to the director of the plan in your grade. If you want to get more information, check the official website at www.schoolwatch.com.
1. The members of School Watch are probably ___________.
? A. teenagers?????????????????????? B. parents????????????? C. policemen???????????????? D. directors
2. School Watch can help its members ___________.
? A. save the environment?????????????????????????? ???? B. organize sports activities? ??
C. improve the quality of school life????????????????? D. protect the school
?? 3. Anyone can become a member of School Watch because ____________.
???? A. everyone may have problems??????????????? ???? B. everyone can give help to others
???? C. everyone needs to make some friends?????????? D. everyone needs help
4. if you want to be a member of School Watch , you should ___________.
? A. check the website.? ???????????????????????? ???? B. be good at your schoolwork
? C. talk to the director of the plan in you grade? D. call the school
5. The best School Watcher will get o lot of prizes from ___________ every year.
? A. the school??? ?????????????????????????????????????????? B. the website
C. the organization?????? ???????????????????????????????? D. the director

C
（2019中考训练题）
(an extract from Probuditi!)
Calvin waited outside Trudy’s bedroom. Then it happened—a scream, a very loud scream. Calvin ran to his room and dived into bed.

He heard Mama coming down the hall.
“Did you do this?” his mother asked. Calvin looked out from under the covers. His mother stood over him, holding a rubber spider.
“Do what?” he asked.
“You put that thing in my bed,” Trudy told him, stepping out from behind Mama.
“Don’t think that just because it’s your birthday you can get away with something like this,” Mama scolded (责骂).
“You do want your present, don’t you?” That wiped the smile off Calvin’s face.
“Course I do,” he said.
“Then you apologize (道歉).”
Calvin dropped his head. “Sorry Trudy,” he muttered (嘟囔).
“Here,” Mama said. “Happy birthday.” At the breakfast table she handed Calvin an envelope. Inside were tickets to the matinee show of Lomax the Magnificent, the world-famous magician and hypnotist. “You’ve got two tickets there,” Mama said, “and I know someone who’d really love to go along.” She smiled at Trudy.
“You don’t mean here, do you?” Calvin asked, eyeing his little sister.
“Well, that would be really nice. But those tickets are yours. If you want to ask somebody—” Calvin didn’t wait for his mother to finish. He rushed out of the house to cell Rodney, his pal next door, that the two of them were going to see Lomax the Magnificent.
1．Who screamed at the beginning?
A． Calvin. B． Calvin’s sister. C． Calvin’s friend. D． Calvin’s mother.
2．Calvin apologized to Trudy ________.
A． unwillingly B． truly C． happily D． excitedly
3．Calvin received his present ________.
A． in the kitchen B． in his bed C． inside the theatre D． outside his house
4．Calvin’s mother Rally wanted Calvin to ________.
A． ask his friend to the show B． find out what his friend thought
C． do what she thought was right D． watch the show without his sister
5．What is the best title for this passage?
A． Trudy’s Spider B． Mother’s Tickets
C． Calvin’s Birthday D． Rodney’s Present

D
（文化习俗）纽约的地铁文化
For most visitors to New York City, the New York City Subway will make getting around New York City easy and expensive. But in some areas where the subway service is not ideal, there are buses that can get you where you need to go.
For visitors staying for a longer time, they can buy a one?week unlimited(无限制的) Metrocard(地铁乘车卡)for $29 or an unlimited monthly MetroCard for $104.The seven?day, or thirty?day unlimited MetroCards run out at midnight on the 7th or 30th day.
What is a MetroCard? A MetroCard is a thin plastic card that is used to pay bus and subway fares in New York City.There are two types of MetroCards for sale in NYC subway stations. Pay?Per?Ride MetroCards and unlimited Ride Metro Cards. MetroCards are not for sale on NYC buses. You can buy MetroCards at subway stations with cash, credit or ATM cards. Be aware that buses only accept MetroCards or the exact fare in coins.
Pay?Per?Ride MetroCards
Up to four people can ride together on a single Pay?Per?Ride MetroCard. If several people riding together on the same MetroCard, the first person can swipe(刷卡)the card through the necessary number of times and the other riders can walk following him.
Unlimited Ride MetroCards
Unlimited Ride MetroCards are good for one person to ride the subways and buses as much as he/she likes.Unlimited Ride MetroCards cannot be used more than once every 18 minutes. This is designed to prevent fraudulent(欺诈性的)use of the card by several people.
(　　)1.One good choice for someone staying for a month in New York is ________．
A．to buy an unlimited weekly MetroCard
B．to buy an unlimited monthly MetroCard
C．to take a taxi
(　　)2.Where can people buy a MetroCard?
A．In NYC train stations.
B．On NYC buses.
C．In NYC subway stations.
(　　)3.One Pay?Per?Ride MetroCard allows ______ other people to ride with you at the same time.
A．five　　　　B．three　　　C．ten
(　　)4.Why can't Unlimited Ride MetroCards be used more than once every 18 minutes?
A．To prevent several people using one card.
B．To prevent more than four people using one card.
C．To prevent one person always using one card.
(　　)5.The passage is mainly written for ______．
A．children in NYC B．the poor in NYC C．visitors in NYC


跟踪练习参考答案
A、1---5、C D A C B　
B、1A? 2C? 3B? 4C? 5A
C
【解析】本篇文章难度适中。本篇文章主要讲述加尔文通过恶作剧提醒母亲今天是他的生日。母亲给了他两张票让他去看表演，母亲本来希望他带他的妹妹去，但是他并没有。
1．根据Calvin waited outside Trudy’s bedroom. Then it happened—a scream, a very loud scream可知，故选B。
2．根据Calvin dropped his head. “Sorry Trudy,” he muttered (嘟囔)可知，故选A。
3．“Here,” Mama said. “Happy birthday.” At the breakfast table she handed Calvin an envelope. Inside were tickets to the matinee show of Lomax the Magnificent, the world-famous magician and hypnotist可知，故选A。
4．根据“Don’t think that just because it’s your birthday you can get away with something like this,” Mama scolded (责骂). “You do want your present, don’t you?” That wiped the smile off Calvin’s face以及“You’ve got two tickets there,” Mama said, “and I know someone who’d really love to go along.” She smiled at Trudy可知，他的妈妈想让加尔文做她认为正确的事情。故选C。
5．本文主要介绍加尔文用恶作剧来提醒妈妈给他生日礼物，最后他的妈妈给他两长电影票作为生日礼物。所以标题应为加尔文的生日，故选C。

D、1---5、BCBAC