广东2020中考英语阅读理解讲与练及答案（导学案）

广东2020中考英语阅读理解讲与练及答案（导学案）

一、【试一试】
（2019中考日常生活类训练）
Thank you for your interest in volunteering with the city of Melbourne's tourism program. The Tourism branch generally conducts volunteer recruitment(招募) sessions twice a year. The next intake is likely to be around October or November 2014.
If you would like to receive an email advising you of the next recruitment session, please email tourism@ melbourne.vic.gov.au.
Volunteering with Tourism Melbourne：
Volunteers play a vital role in the City of Melbourne's tourism services.They provide information on Melbourne to around two million visitors each year.Their love and knowledge of the city and regional Victoria adds to Melbourne's reputation as a friendly, welcoming and culturally vibrant(充满活力的) city.
The volunteer programs include：
※ City Ambassadors(大使) ※ Melbourne Visitor Booth at Bourke Street Mall ※ Melbourne Visitor Centre at Federation Square ※ Melbourne Greeter Service
Places are limited and potential volunteers must participate(参加) in a selection process based around the following basis.
Volunteers must be：
?※ interested in Melbourne ※ customer service focused ※ able to use computer ※ available for one four?hour shift(either morning or afternoon) each week for a minimum of one year ※ team players who love meeting people ※ able to show a commitment to the City of Melbourne's values(as outlined in the online application)
An extensive training program and ongoing support is provided.
More information：
To find out more about becoming a volunteer, Contact us online or phone the City of Melbourne's Volunteer Project Officer，Tourism Melbourne on (03) 9658 9658.
For other volunteering opportunities，see national volunteer recruitment website Go Volunteer.
1．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Melbourne's tourism services.
B．Tourism volunteer program.
C．Tour tips on visiting Melbourne.
D．The places of interest of Melbourne.
2．One of the qualifications(资格) of a tourism volunteer is “________”．
A．The next intake is likely to be around October or November 2014.
B．Volunteers must be team players who love meeting people.
C．An extensive training program and ongoing support is provided.
D．Volunteers play a vital role in the City of Melbourne's tourism services.
3．Which of the following is true?
A．The local volunteer recruitment website is Go Volunteer.
B．There are about three million visitors to Melbourne each year.
C．The Tourism branch generally conducts volunteer recruitment sessions once a year.
D．People call (03)9658 9658 to know more information about becoming a tourism volunteer.
参考答案1B 2 B 3 D

二、【考纲要求】
1、能够根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词意思。
2、能够理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。
3、更够找出文章的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。
4、能够读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。
5、能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。
三、【试一试】
Every year thousands of people get hurt or die when they are crossing the road. Most of these people are old people and children. Old people often get hurt or die because they can't see or hear very well. Children usually meet with accidents because of their carelessness. They forgot to look and listen before they cross the road.
How can we lessen (减少) traffic accidents? All of us must obey the traffic rules. For the drivers，they shouldn't drive too fast. If they drive too fast, it will be very difficult to stop the cars in a very short time. For the pedestrians, it's very important to be careful when they are walking on the road. Therefore, when we walk across the road, we must try to walk along the pavements(人行道). We must stop and look both ways before crossing the road. Look left first, next look right, and then look left again. Only when we are sure that the road is clear, we can cross it. The right way to cross the road is to walk quickly. It's not safe to run. If people run across the road, they may fall down. Teens (青少年) should try to help children, old people or blind people to cross the road, and never play in the street.
(　　)1.Thousands of people get hurt or die when they are crossing the road every year, most of them are______.
A．children and drivers B．old people and children
C．old people and blind people D．old people and drivers
(　　)2.To lessen traffic accidents, we shouldn't______.
A．run quickly B．walk quickly
C．be sure that the road is clear D．look left, look right and look left again
(　　)3.The underlined word “pedestrians” probably means ______ in Chinese.
A．迷路人 B．司机
C．行人 D．盲人
(　　)4.Why do old people often get hurt or die when they are crossing the road?
A．Because they don't look and listen. B．Because they walk too fast.
C．Because they are not careful. D．Because they can't see or hear very well.
(　　)5.What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Don't play in the street. B．Being safe in the street.
C．Look and listen before we cross the road. D．Stop and look both ways before crossing the road.
参考答案:1---5、B A C D B　

四、【教师点拨】
广东省中考的阅读理解的文章共三篇，A篇为应用文，B篇为说明文，C篇为配对阅读。阅读量在1，000个单词左右；B篇短文选材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等。
阅读理解部分考试题型大致可分为以下几个类型：细节题、主旨题、词义题、推断题以及观点态度题等。其中，细节题、主旨题、词义题是一定有的。
1．细节题
细节题主要测试学生识别阅读材料中的具体事实和细节的能力。考生必须特别注意这几个问题：who, what, where, when, how等，在有关此类问题的地方作一个标记，以便在回答问题时迅速查找。
2．主旨题
主旨题主要测试学生对文章中心思想、主旨大意的理解能力。在初中阶段，有关这类题的常见提问方式为：What is the main idea of this passage？或What is the best title of this passage? 在处理这类问题时，通常采用快读方法，先从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，特别要注意仔细阅读开头段和结尾段，因为大多数文章的中心思想都出现在这两段里。
3．词义题
词义题主要是在具体文章中，根据上下文推断某个词或某个短语的意义。解答这类试题，可从以下几个方面入手：
(1)通过因果关系猜词
首先找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore等)表示前因后果。例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that, for it wasn't his fault.通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词
通过同义词猜词，第一可以看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；第二可以看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus, Mars, and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一义域。
通过反义词猜词，可以看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but, while, however等；还可以看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.根据not at all…handsome我们不难推测出homely的意思，即“不英俊”“不漂亮”的意思。
(3)通过构词法猜词
通过掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，来推断单词的意义。如appear是“出现”的意思，那么disappear 则是“消失”的意思。
(4)通过定义或释义关系来推测词义
例如：But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there is a dry period, or drought.
从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即drought，由此可见drought的意思为“久旱”“旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is, or, that is, in other words, be called或破折号等来表示。
(5)通过句法功能来推测词义
例如：Bananas, oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples, coconuts和bananas, oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
(6)通过描述猜词
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类，后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
4．推断题
推断题主要考查学生透过文章的表面文字信息，进行分析、综合、归纳等逻辑推理的能力。
5．观点态度题
观点态度题主要考查学生通过掌握主题思想和具体事实，对作者的观点和态度做出合理推断的能力。
总之，做阅读理解可以遵循从下至上的原则来做题：先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。

五、跟踪练习
（一）
（2019中考日常生活类训练）
Mobile phone has become a problem for middle schools. Some middle schools in Australia have banned (禁止) students from carrying mobile phones during school hours.
??? Mobile phone use among children has become a problem for the schools this year. Several children have got mobile phones as Christmas presents, and more students want them.
??? Mary Bluett, an official, said mobile phone use is a distraction (分心) to students during school hours and it also gives teachers so much trouble in their classrooms. Teachers were also saying that sometimes students might use phone messages to cheat during exams.
??? She said some schools had tried to ban mobile phones. Some parents felt unhappy, because they couldn’t get in touch with their children.
??? Many teachers said students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could leave their phones at school office. They also said there were many reasons why the students should not have mobile phones at school; they were easy to lose and were a distraction from studies.
??? Many people say that they understand why parents would like their children to have phones, but they think schools should let the students know when they can use their mobile phones.
1. We know from the passage that some children get mobile phones from_________.
?? A. the makers and sellers??????????? ???? B. the passers-by and strangers
?? C. their parents and friends???? ???? D. some mobile phone users
2. What does the word “cheat” mean in the passage in Chinese?
?? A. 聊天????? ??? B. 核对???????? C. 查询??????????????? D. 作弊
3. Some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t________during school hours.
?? A. use their mobile phones??????
?? B. leave their mobile phones at school office
?? C. help the teachers with their work
?? D. get in touch with their children
4. The passage tells us that___________.???
?? A. students shouldn’t have mobile phones at school except for some special reasons
?? B. it is impossible to ban students from using mobile phone at school
?? C. some parents felt unhappy because they couldn’t use their phones at school
??? D. parents should teach their children how to use mobile phones during school hours

（二）
（2019中考教育类选练）
Even kids know that we should wait for the traffic light to turn green before crossing a road, but not everybody follows this basic rule.
??? “Chinese style road crossing” has become a hot expression recently. Chinese people “cross roads without thinking about traffic lights, so long as（只要）they are part of a crowd”, said a post on Sina Weibo.
? A CCTV news program showed that in only an hour, more than 600 people jumped red lights when crossing a road at a crossing in Shijiazhuang, Hebei.
? Many people say that they jaywalk（乱闯马路）because the red light lasts too long. Such an opinion is supported by a research team at Tongji University. The team did research on people’s waiting times at different road crossings from 2008 to 2010. They found that Chinese people would wait for 70 to 90 seconds before they lost their patience. “People are likely to ignore(忽视) the light when the waiting time is longer than they can stand,” said Ni Ying, a member of the research team.
However, a survey on Sina Weibo suggested that half of the respondents（调查对象）believe that people jaywalk mainly because they disregard（忽视）rules.“I always obey traffic rules. Time is important but safety should come first,” wrote “Qixiaoe” on Weibo.
?Many countries give out punishments to jaywalkers. In Singapore, the maximum(最大量) can be three months in prison. Some Chinese cities have started taking some actions, too. For example, the first three people in a jaywalking group will be fined 50 yuan in Shijiazhuang.
?But calling on people to respect rules is more important. To completely solve the problem, everyone should realize the importance of obeying the traffic rules.???????
1. Which of the following is the “Chinese style road crossing”??
A. To wait for the traffic light to turn green.?????????? ?? B. To cross a road slowly.?????
C. To cross roads without looking at traffic lights.????? D. To follow the basic traffic lights.
2. What does the phrase “the team” in Paragraph 4 refer to (指的是)?
A. A CCTV news program.?????????? ???? ?? B. A research group at Tongji University.?
C. A post on Sina Weibo.??????????????????? D. A daily newspaper.
3. How long will Chinese people wait to cross the road before they lose patience?
??? A. Less than one minute.??? ???????????????? ????? B. About five minutes.???
??? C. Less than one and a half minutes.?????? ? ?????? D. More than ten minutes.
4. Why do people jaywalk according to the survey on Sina Weibo?
A. Because there are too many people on the road.??
B. Because the red light lasts too long.?
C. Because people don’t pay much attention to rules.?
D. Because people have less patience.
5. The writer suggests that we should________ to solve the problem of jaywalking.
A. punish the jaywalkers ? ? ? ? ? ?B. disregard the traffic rules
C. reduce the time of red lights ? ?D. call on people to obey the traffic lights

（三）
When you are reading something in English, you may often meet with a new word. What’s the best way to know it?
You may look it up in the English-Chinese dictionary. It will tell you a lot about the word: the pronunciation, the Chinese meaning and how to use the word. But how can you know where the word is thousands of English words? How to find it in the dictionary both quickly and correctly?
First, all the English words are arranged(安排) in the letter order. In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with letter A, then B, C, D…. That means, if there are two words “desert” and “pull”, “desert” will be certainly before “pull”. Then if there are two words both beginning with the same letter, you may look at the second letter. Then the third, the fourth… For example, “pardon” is before “plough”, “judge” before “just”, etc.
Do you understand how to look up in the dictionary?
The dictionary will be your good friend. I hope you’ll use it as often as possible in your English study.
1. This passage is about______.
A. new words in writing B. different dictionaries
C. the best way of reading D. using an English-Chinese dictionary
2. In the dictionary you may not find_______.
A. how to pronounce the word B. the spelling of the word
C. who used the word first D. how to use the word
3. In an English-Chinese dictionary, the last word______.
A. begins with Z B. begins with A C. is a short one D. is not often used
4. Which group of words is in the right order in an English-Chinese dictionary?
A. perhaps, produce, plenty B. straight, subject, surprise
C. century, center, business D. foreign, entrance, headache
5. In the passage the writer tries to tell us that_______.
A. we have to use a dictionary when we read something in English
B. an English-Chinese dictionary can tell us everything about a word
C. an English-Chinese dictionary can help us a lot in our English study
D. all English-Chinese dictionary are the same

（四）
（2019中考选练）
It’s getting hotter and hotter outside. Summer is already here! Summer means high temperatures, more outdoor activities and all kinds of fruits and vegetables. How can we stay fit in this exciting season? Here are some good suggestions:
Eat and drink properly
What is healthy to eat in summer? Fresh and light food. Fish can be a good choice. It can keep your body energetic and help fight against the burning sun. Another good choice is colorful fruits and vegetables. They not only relax our eyes, but are full of healthy chemicals. Tomatoes can help protect your skin against sunburn. Blueberries are good for your brain and eyes. The more color, the better!
With all those summertime activities you will be thirsty. What to drink? Water. Water has zero calories （卡路里） and is the perfect drink to stop your thirst （口渴）.Try not to drink too many energy drinks, sports drinks and soda drinks which have lots of sugar and caffeine（咖啡因） in them.
Stay active and cool
Summer is a great season to enjoy outdoor activities and play. It’s also a good time to lose weight. If you are lucky enough to be near a body of water, try water sports like swimming, surfing, water skiing and so on. These sports keep you cool and active at the same time. You’ll have no problem beating the heat and keeping fit as well.
Be careful of the sunshine
Summer allows us more chances to get outside, but it also means more possibilities to get burnt by the sunshine. If you are going outside, keep away from the sun when it’s the strongest—usually between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. If you have to stay in the sun for a long time, sunscreen（防晒霜）, a big hat and a long-sleeve jacket will be necessary.
1.How many pieces of advice does the writer give us?
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
2.The following things can help fight against the burning sun EXCEPT 　　　　.?
A.fish B.tomatoes
C.sunscreen D.sports drinks
3.Which of the following is NOT right?
A.Water sports can help you feel cool and active in summer.
B.You’d better not go outside from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. in summer.
C.Energy drinks are better than water to stop thirst.
D.Summer is a good time to lose weight.
4.Which can be the best title of the passage?
A.How to Stay Healthy
B.How to Lose Weight
C.Enjoy Outdoor Activities in Summer
D.Keep Fit in Summer



跟踪练习参考答案
（一）1C? 2D? 3D? 4D
（二）1C? 2B? 3C? 4C? 5D?
（三）1D 2C 3A 4B 5A
（四）[主旨大意] 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在夏季这个激动人心的季节如何保持健康的一些合理建议以及注意事项。
1.B　细节理解题。根据“Eat and drink properly”“Stay active and cool”“Be careful of the sunshine”可知,文章列举了三条建议。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Fish can be a good choice. It can keep your body energetic and help fight against the burning sun.”“Tomatoes can help protect your skin against sunburn.”和第五段中的“If you have to stay in the sun for a long time, sunscreen(防晒霜), a big hat and a long-sleeve jacket will be necessary.”可知,鱼肉、西红柿和防晒霜都有助于防止太阳灼伤。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Water has zero calories(卡路里) and is the perfect drink to stop your thirst(口渴). Try not to drink too many energy drinks, sports drinks and soda drinks…”可知,功能饮料不如水好。因此, C项错误。
4.D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“How can we stay fit in this exciting season? Here are some good suggestions”可知,文章主要围绕夏天如何保持健康展开。