Unit 22 Environmental Protection
三言 两语
1.We can find us in an exciting world every day，with the sun shining brightly，green trees growing and flowers coming out with all kinds of colors. 2．He has agreed to come on condition that there won't be any publicity. 3．We are very proud of ourselves，believing we can make more contributions to a better world. 1.没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。 Without your help，I wouldn't_have_ passed_the_test. 2．过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．trap vt.使困住
2．claim vt.声称
3．condemn vt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；谴责，指责
4．seize vt.依法没收；(用武力)夺取
5．rough adj.艰难的
6．substitute n．代替品，代用品
7．advocate vt.主张，提倡
8．boycott n．(联合)抵制
9．reserve n．储备；保护区
10．principle n．原理；道德准则
11．relevant adj.有关的；相关的
12．agriculture n. 农业；农艺，农学
13．sacrifice vt.牺牲；献出
14．recycle vt.回收利用
15．changeable adj.多变的
16．means n. 手段；方法
17．construct vt.建造
18．potential n. 可能性，潜在性
19．adopt vt.采用
20．considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周到的
21．allocate vt.分配，配置
22．calculate vt.计算；算出
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．In the conference last week many experts advocated(advocate) rewarding your child for good behaviour.
2．Boycotting(boycott) is not the aim，but a means.
3．She seized(seize) on my suggestion and began work immediately.
4．Ray changed his mind，claiming(claim) that he had been forced into confessing.
5．The stream has frozen up; you can see the fish trapped(trap) in the ice.
6．She was the only politician to_condemn(condemn) the proposed law on moral grounds.
拓展单词
1．coincidence n．巧合→coincident adj.同时发生的
2．finance n．资金→financial adj.财政的，金融的
3．reserve n．保护区vt.保留；预订→reserved adj.预定的；保留的→reservation n．预订；保留
4．threat n．威胁→threaten vt.威胁
5．separate vt.分离；分开adj.不同的；各自的→separation n．分离，分开
6．adopt vt.采用；收养→adoption n．采用；收养
7．allocate vt.分配；配给→allocation n．分配；配给
8．politics n．政治(活动)→political adj.政治的→politician n．政治家
9．consider v．考虑→considerate adj.想得周到的；体贴的→consideration n．考虑；体贴
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。
1．At last，I consider we should take on responsibility for ourselves and the people who involved in，we need to be considerate and thoughtful.(consider)
2．The chemical company threaten the living condition，and the threat can be serious.(threat)
3．With the acceleration of globalization process on economy and finance，financial competition became severely.(finance)
4．And just in pure political terms，no politician wants to do that.(politics)
5．When we were told the table we reserved had been occupied，we were angry and didn't want to cancel our reservation.(reserve)
6．We left in separate direction，and the separation made the two of us upset.(separate)
7．Mr White is the adopted son of Mrs Green，who adopted him when his parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption，Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)
8．A large sum has been allocated for buying new books for the library.The allocation is of great importance to our school library's construction.(allocate)
阅读单词
1．ecology n．生态
2．botanical adj.植物的
3．consensus n．一致的意见
4．consultant n．顾问
5．drought n．旱灾
6．federal adj.联邦的
7．conservation n．保护
8．bounce vi.反弹
9．hurricane n．飓风
10．hook n．钩子，钩
11．grand adj.巨大的
12．arm vt.武装
13．rainfall n．降雨量
14．fragile adj.易毁的；脆弱的
15．cubic adj.立方的
1．(广东卷)Conservation and research work with teams of volunteers on nature reserves in South America and Africa.(野生生物)保护区
2．①They seized the airport in a surprise attack.夺取，占领
②The court ordered the company's fund to be seized.没收
3．A calf was offered up as a sacrifice to the goddess.供品，祭品
4．The woman trapped him into giving away the business secret.诱骗
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语 1._earn_one's_living 谋生 2．as_a_matter_of_fact 实际上 3．look_ahead展望未来，向前看 4．result_in导致 5．break_away_from摆脱，脱离 6．a_number_of一些 7．beyond_one's_control超出某人的控制 8．take_action 采取行动 [语境运用] 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。 In order to ①earn_their_living，②a_number_of the parents of our students went to work in big cities.They earned more money but their absence ③resulted_in their children's bad performance at school.④As_a_matter_of_fact，some children got beyond their grandparents' control.
9.sum_up总结，概括 10．on_one's_behalf_代表…… 11．lead_to引起，导致 12．apart_from除……以外 13．answer_for(对已产生的不良后果)负责任 14．carry_off掠去，夺走 15．call_for_an_end_to_sth. 要求结束某事 16．refer_to指，意即 [语境运用] 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。 With more and more factories built in my hometown，a lot of agricultural land has been ⑤carried_off，which has ⑥led_to the rise of the produce's price.⑦Apart_from this，the air and rivers have been polluted.Obviously，the factories should ⑧answer_for the consequences.So on behalf of the villagers' benefit，the local government has decided to ⑨call_for_an_end_to the factories' illegal behaviours.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵 句式仿写应用
1.given作介词或连词 Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence. 考虑到他们没有经验，他们的工作算做得很好了。Given_that_they_are_inexperienced，they've done a good job.
2.拟人修辞手法 The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come. 天安门前这两只石狮见证了许多重大历史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tian'anmen_have_seen many great historic events.
1．reserve vt.储备；保留；预定 n．储备；贮藏；保护区
(1)reserve sth. for...为……保留某物
in reserve备用
(2)reservation n．预订；保留意见
without reservation毫无保留地
make a reservation预订，预约
nature reserve 自然保护区
reserve your strength 留点力气
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Beijing was once a city of bikes，known as the Bicycle Kingdom，where cars were_reserved (reserve) for official business and the politically powerful.
②Frankly speaking，I have little money in reserve.
③I recommend him without reservation as I believe you will appreciate his ability in his studies.
④“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table reserving for customers.reserving→reserved
[链接写作]——完成句子
在美国，多乘员汽车有专行道。
In the United States lanes are_reserved_for_cars_with more than one occupant.(be reserved for)
2．seize vt.抓住；捉住；(用武力)夺取；依法没收
seize sb.by the＋身体部位 抓住某人某个部位
seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住机会
seize sth.from sb.从某人那里夺走/抢走某物
be seized with 患病；突然感到
seize sb.by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊
seize a thief 抓小偷
seize power 夺权
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Maggie seized the letter from her and began to read out loudly.
②He seized her by the arm.
③He was seized with a cold.
④Before he could run away，she seized him by his collar.his→the
[链接写作]——完成句子
我会抓住这次绝好的机会出国深造。
I will_seize_the_golden_chance to go abroad for further study.
3．substitute vt. & vi. (用……)替代；取代 n．代替品，代用品
(1)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A 用A代替/取代B
substitute for 代替，取代
(2)a substitute for...……的替代者
a milk substitute 代乳制品
a substitute teacher 代课老师
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①As the saying goes，in war，there is no substitute for victory.
②Can you substitute for the singer who is ill?
③She is seeking a substitute with the very man whose departure made her cry.with→for
[链接写作]——一句多译
在我看来，我们必须用一把新椅子换掉这把坏椅子。
①As far as I'm concerned，we must substitute_a_new_chair_for_ the_broken_one. (substitute...for)
②As far as I'm concerned，we must substitute_the_broken_chair_ with_a_new _one.(substitute...with)
4．trap vt.使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困障 n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉机
(1)trap sb.into (doing) sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套
be/get trapped in被困在……中
(2)fall into the trap of doing sth.落入……的圈套
set/lay a trap for 为……设圈套
get out of a trap 摆脱圈套
[一词多义]——写出下列句中trap的词性及含义
①The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap.n.陷阱
②It's no longer possible to trap a sensible man into marriage.vt.诱骗，使陷入圈套
③The police set a trap to catch the thief.n.圈套
④Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse.vt.使陷入困境
[基础练习]——单句改错
Having been trapping in traffic ，he was late for work. trapping→trapped
[链接写作]——完成句子
很容易掉进这样一个陷阱：你很想多谈论你的问题。
It's easy to fall_into_the_trap of wanting to talk on and on about your problem.
5．advocate vt.主张，提倡 n．提倡者，拥护者
advocate (doing) sth.提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事
advocate that...主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形]
be an advocate for/of……拥护者
advocate rewarding your child for good behavior 提倡对孩子的良好表现加以奖励
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①We advocate solving(solve) the Syria issue by negotiations.
②As president，Bush was also a strong advocate for immigration reform.
③The report advocated that all buildings were fitted with smoke detectors.
were→be
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)They advocate that they (should) reduce air pollution.
(高级表达)They advocate_reducing air pollution.(简单句)
(高级表达)It_is_advocated_that they should reduce air pollution.(it作形式主语)
6．adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养
(1)adopt a policy/habit 采用某项政策/习惯
(2)adopted adj.被收养的；被采用的
adoptable adj.可收养的，可采用的
adoption n．采用，采纳；收养
adopt a child 领养孩子
adopt one's suggestion 采纳某人的建议
the adopted son 养子
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The new policy is expected to_be_adopted_(adopt)at the next meeting.
②Danny is their adopted(adopt) son.
③She refused to give the child up for adoption(adopt)．
④The new technology has been more widely adapted.
adapted→adopted
[链接写作]——完成句子
结果，他们采纳了我的建议，一切像计划好的一样顺利。
As a result，they adopted_my_advice，and everything went well as planned.
7．means n. 方式，方法；手段
by means of借助……的手段
by all means可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必
by no means决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后要倒装)
by this means用这种方法
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.
②Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.
③As is known to us all，Marry succeeded by means of hard working.
④They have tried all means，which is possibly helpful.is→are
[链接写作]——句式升级
I'll forgive you this time，but you shall by no means make the mistake again.
I'll forgive you this time，but by_no_means_shall_you_make_the _mistake_again.(倒装句)
8．coincidence n．巧合；同时发生；一致
(1)by coincidence碰巧，巧合的是……
It is/was a coincidence that...……是巧合的
What a coincidence！真巧！
(2)coincide v．巧合
coincide with...与……同时发生，一致
(3)coincident adj.巧合的；一致的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①By coincidence，we arrived here at the same time.
②The two murder cases were so similar to each other; it was not a coincidence at all.
③The results of theory is coincident (coincidence) with that of experiment.
④With coincidence a bus arrived as we reached the empty bus stop，but we ignored it.With→By
[链接写作]——完成句子
我今天下午的两个面试时间上错不开。
My two interviews this afternoon coincide_with_each_other. (coincide with)
9．considerate adj.体贴的；想得周到的
(1)be considerate to/toward/of sb.体贴某人
It's considerate of sb.to do sth.某人做某事真是周到
be considerate to do sth.(做某事)周到的，体贴的
(2)consider vt.考虑；认为
consider doing sth.考虑做某事
consider sb.(to be/as)．..认为某人是……
all things considered综观一切，将一切考虑在内
(3)considerable adj.相当大的；相当多的
(4)considering prep.& conj. 考虑到，鉴于
be considerate to the old 对老人很体贴
take sth.into consideration 考虑到某事
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Since I am now preparing for the College Entrance Examination，my mother is very considerate of me.
②I seriously considered resigning(resign)．
③Considered the strength of the opposition，we did very well to score two goals.Considered→Considering
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He took all the aspects into consideration and designed a good pattern.
(高级表达)Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration，he designed a good pattern.(现在分词作状语)
(高级表达)All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration，he designed a good pattern.(独立主格)
10．refer to 涉及，提及；谈到；参考；查阅；指的是
(1)refer to sb./sth.提及某人/事
refer to the dictionary/notes查词典/笔记
(2)reference n．提及；征求；查阅
make a reference to提到，谈到
reference book参考书
refer to the notes 参阅笔记
refer to global warming提到全球气候变暖
[一词多义]——写出下列句中refer to的含义
①Don't refer to this matter again，please.提及
②For further particulars，please refer to Chapter Ten.查阅
③Excuse me，what do these words in brackets refer to？指的是
[基础练习]——单句改错
The book referred to crime was bought last week.
referred→referring
[链接写作]——完成句子
提到的那本书不在图书馆。
The book referred_to is not in the library.
11．lead to 引起，导致，造成(后果)；通向
lead sb.to sth.引领某人
lead sb.to do sth.引导某人做某事
lead the way领路；处于领先地位
lead sb.by the nose牵着某人的鼻子走
lead a...life过着……的生活
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①You may wonder how paving a road can lead to less useable fresh water.
②I want to know what led you to_take(take) up acting as a career.
③The old couple lead a happy life now.
[链接写作]——完成句子
什么使得你得出了这个结论？
What led_you_to_this_conclusion？(lead sb.to)
12．answer for 对……负责；为……受谴责
in answer (to sth.)＝as a reply 作为回应
answer (sb.) back 反驳；回嘴；顶嘴
answer to sb.(for sth.) 向某人(为某事)负责；对某人承担(某事的)责任
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The doctor came at once in answer to my phone call.
②Stop answering your mother back!
[链接写作]——完成句子
必须让他为严重罪行付出代价。
He must be made to answer_for_his_terrible_crimes.(answer for)
13．in turn 依次；轮流；反过来
by turns 轮流，交替地
take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事
it's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
in return 作为回报
in return for...作为……的回报
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①He gets cheerful and depressed by turns.
②The pupils took turns(turn) reading out their compositions.
③I am on duty today，it's my turn to_clean(clean) the classroom.
④When it was my turns to speak，my confidence suddenly deserted me.turns→turn
[链接写作]——一句多译
他们轮流开车。
①They_took_turns_to_drive_the_car.
②They_took_turns_in_driving_the_car.
③They_drove_the_car_by_turns.
14．(教材P6)Given_this_data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.鉴于这些数据，看起来人类活动与正在升高的地球温度之间的联系并不仅仅是巧合。
[句法句式]本句中given为介词，意思为“鉴于……”(表示原因)。另外，它还可以与that连用，构成连词，引导原因状语从句。
引导原因状语从句的这类连词还有：
considering (that) 鉴于，考虑到
seeing that 既然，鉴于
[名师点津] 下列连词引导的是条件状语从句：
assuming(that)；provided/providing(that)；suppose/supposing(that)
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Given(give) that he supports us，we'll win the election.
②Considering(consider) he was still a boy，I forgave him.
③I will agree to go provided/providing_(provide) that my expenses are paid.
④Supposed that you come into a lot of money，what would you do then？Supposed→Supposing
[链接写作]——完成句子
考虑到你生病了，我们最好推迟会议。
Given_that_you_are_sick，we'd better put off the meeting.
15．(教材P10)The_last_few_years_have_seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.近几年一些环境灾难大规模出现，专家们预测更坏的局面即将来临。
[句法句式]句中the last few years作主语，see作谓语，意为“经历；目睹”，这种拟人修辞手法表达既简练又生动。
拟人修辞手法把事物人格化，使本来不具备人的动作和感情的一些动、植物变得像人一样能说能笑。英语中使用拟人修辞手法的句子，主语通常是表示时间、地点或心爱之物，如车、船等的名词；谓语动词常为see，witness，find等。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The last 30 years have_witnessed(witness) the rapid development of China.
②The National Day of this year saw(see) so many traffic jams on the expressway.
[链接写作]——完成句子
我们的城市四季分明，阳光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点儿冷。
Our city witenessed four_different_seasons，plenty of sunshine and good rainfall，but in winter you may feel a little cold.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．There is a narrow road leading(lead)to the old house.
2．As teachers，we should be considerate(consider) of our students' feelings.And then they will trust us.
3．Given(give)that there is no traffic delay，I will be here on time.
4．Soon the adopted(adopt) child became very fond of her adoptive parents.
5．To release advocates reading(read) aloud to children as soon as possible.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It isn't wise to spend all your salaries every month.Keep some money in reserve，just in case.
2．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it's influenced by culture.
3．If you go on doing this，we won't answer for the consequence.
4．That kind of luck is not real and only happens by coincidence.
5．The room connects with the dining hall by means of a hallway.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．I never felt I achieved a great deal in my life，apart from bringing(bring) my children into the world.
2．If there had been any talking，it would have_caused (cause) us to learn less.
3．As we joined the big crowd I got separated (separate) from my friends.
4．All in all，it has been a pretty bad year for him.
5．These comments are not directly relevant to this enquiry.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据教材课文P6内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Global warming refers to an average increase in the Earth's temperature，1.which in turn leads to climate change.Scientists hold the view that it could be one of the biggest problems 2.facing (face) the 21st century.Some of the scientists have reported that it is human beings that 3.are_causing (cause) changes in the Earth's climate；for in the last 50 years，gases 4.pumped (pump) into the Earth's atmosphere by the factories and vehicles have been speeding up the process of global warming.It seems that the link between human activities and 5.rising (rise) global temperatures is not 6.merely (mere) a coincidence according to some date.If we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge 7.quantities (quantity)，we are condemning life on Earth 8.and should expect severe consequences.After all，there's no substitute 9.for our Earth，so each person should take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide together with the governments 10.to_save (save) the Earth.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①上周一自然保护区的一头狮子挣脱牢笼逃离动物园，此事引起了人们的恐慌。
Last_Monday_saw_that_a_lion_from_the_natural_reserve_broke_away_from_its_cage and fled the zoo and it led to a panic.
②据说失去控制的狮子非常危险。
The_lion_which_could_not_be_controlled_was_believed to be very dangerous.
③鉴于人们的生命受到威胁，警方主张孩子们除了乘车上学外均须待在家里。
Given_that_people's_lives_were_threatened，the police advocated that children should stay at home apart from going to school by bus.
④最终，因为警方采用一位猎人的方法，把这头狮子困在了陷阱里。
At last，adopting_a_hunter's_means，the police trapped the lion in a trap.
⑤要是没有这位猎人的帮助，这头狮子不会这么快被捉住。
Without the hunter's help，the lion couldn't_have_been_caught_ so_soon.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用定语从句升级1中的①
Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve broke away from its cage and fled the zoo，which_led_to_a_panic.
(2)用介词短语升级1中的②
The lion beyond_control was believed to be very dangerous.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at last)
Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve broke away from its cage and fled the zoo，which led to a panic.The lion beyond control was believed to be very dangerous.Given that people's lives were threatened，the police advocated that children should stay at home apart from going to school by bus.At last，adopting a hunter's means，the police trapped the lion in a trap.Without the hunter's help，the lion couldn't have been caught so soon.
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选修8
Unit 22 Environmental Protection
wouldn't have passed the test
The last 30 years have witnessed/seen
trap
claim
codnemn
seize
rough
substitute
advocate
boycott
reserve
principle
relevant
agriculture
sacrifice
recycle
changeable
means
construct
potential
adopt
considerate
allocate
calculate
advocated
Boycotting
seized
claiming
trapped
to condemn
coincident
financial
reserved
reservation
threaten
separation
adoption
allocation
political
politician
considerate
consideration
consider
considerate
threaten
threat
finance
financial
political
politician
reserved
reservation
separate
separation
adopted
adopted
adoption
allocated
allocation
生态
植物的
一致的意见
顾问
旱灾
联邦的
保护
反弹
飓风
钩子，钩
巨大的
武装
降雨量
易毁的；脆弱的
立方的
(野生生物)保护区
夺取，占领
没收
供品，祭品
诱骗
earn one's living
as a matter of fact
look ahead
result in
break away from
a number of
beyond one's control
take action
earn their living
a number of
resulted in
As a matter of fact
sum up
on one's behalf
lead to
apart from
answer for
carry off
call for an end to sth.
refer to
carried off
led to
Apart from
answer for
call for an end to
Given that they are inexperienced
The two stone lions standing
in front of Tian'anmen have
seen
were reserved
in
without
reserving→reserved
are reserved for cars
from
by
with
his→the
will seize the golden chance
for
for
with→for
substitute a new chair for
the broken one
substitute the broken chair
with a new one
n.陷阱
vt.诱骗，使陷入圈套
n.圈套
vt.使陷入困境
trapping→trapped
fall into the trap
solving
for
were→be
advocate reducing
It is advocated that
to be adopted
adopted
adoption
adapted→adopted
adopted my advice
no
this
of
is→are
by no means shall you make the
mistake again
By
a
coincident
With→By
coincide with each other
of
resigning
Considered→Considering
Taking all the aspects into consideration
All the aspects taken into consideration
提及
查阅
指的是
referred→referring
referred to
to
to take
a
led you to this conclusion
to
back
answer for his terrible crimes
by
turns
to clean
turns→turn
They took turns to drive the car.
They took turns in driving the car.
They drove the car by turns.
Given this data
Given
Considering
provided/providing
Supposed→Supposing
Given that you are sick
The last few years have seen
have witnessed
saw
four different seasons
leading
considerate
Given
adopted
reading
in
in
for
by
by
bringing
have caused
separated
in
to
which
facing
are causing
pumped
rising
merely
quantities
and
for
save
Last Monday saw that a lion from the natural reserve broke away from its cage
The lion which could not be controlled was believed
Given that people's lives were threatened
adopting a hunter's means
couldn't have been caught
so soon
which led to a panic
beyond control
Thank you for watching !
Unit 23 Conflict
三言 两语
1.I'm writing to make a complaint about them. 2．To begin with，some contents cannot be updated in time，which makes it impossible for me to learn something new related to my present lessons at school. 3．I have great faith that you will do what you can to deal with the problems. 1.如果我们昨天赶上了航班的话，我们现在就在海滩上享受假期了。 If we_had_caught_the_flight yesterday，we would_be_enjoying our holiday on beach now. 2．马云一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。No_sooner_had_Jack_Ma_stepped_on_the_stage_than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．expense n．费用，开支
2．classify vt.把……分类
3．subscribe vi.订阅(杂志或报纸)
4．contradict vt.反驳，纠正
5．tip n．有用的建议
6．shoot vt.&vi.射击
7．community n．社区
8．sculpture n．雕刻，雕塑
9．stable adj.稳固的
10．possess vt.占有， 拥有
11．expose vt.使置身于危险之中；暴露
12．departure n．离开；离去
13．fortnight n. 两星期
14．appoint vt.任命；委任
15．possession n. 拥有；财产
16．security n．安全
17．greet vt.问候，致意
18．remark vt.说起，谈到
19．distribute vt.分配，分发
20．consume vt.消耗，消费
21．import vt.进口
22．strengthen vt.(使)变强，加强；巩固
23．intend v. 想要，打算
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．The payments he gets barely cover his expenses(expense)．
2．Only eleven of these accidents were classified(classify) as major.
3．He gave me some tips(tip) on the matter.
4．What he did contradicted(contradict) what he promised.
5．No，we are not interested in subscribing(subscribe) to your journal.
6．There are many famous sculptures(sculpture) in Italy.
拓展单词
1．expose vt.使置身于危险中；暴露→exposed adj.无遮蔽的
2．furnished adj.配有家具的→furniture n．家具
3．appoint vt.任命，委任→appointment n．任命，委任；约会
4．possess vt.拥有→possession n．私有物品
5．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全
6．greet vt.问候，致意→greeting n．问候，致意
7．remark vt.说起，谈到→remarkable adj.非凡的；卓越的
8．distribute vt.分发，分配→distribution n．分配→distributor n．经销商
9．consume vt.喝；消费，消耗→consumer n．消费者
10．strong adj.强壮的→strength n．体力；力气→strengthen vt.(使)变强，加强
11．intend vt.想要，打算→intention n．目的；意图
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。
1．The system is secure and can give security to the project.(secure)
2．I intend to give all limited partners the required formal notice of my intention to retire.(intend)
3．Finally，I think we have to strengthen the strength of this nongovernmental organization movement around the world.(strong)
4．In such situations，it is possible to simply greet the person with a common greeting like “Hello”．(greet)
5．Equal freedom does not mean average possession of wealth，and labor is the fundamental way to possess wealth.(possess)
6．They had planned either to live in a furnished apartment or to buy used furniture.(furnish)
7．Xiao Li made an appointment with the manager and arrived at the appointed time.Later，he was appointed as a more important post.(appoint)
8．The distributor had sent the goods to the area and the group organized the distribution and they distributed the goods among the people.(distribute)
9．Through TV，kids have regular exposure to sex and violence.It is bad to expose kids to such things and we should make kids exposed to some good books.(expose)
阅读单词
1．betray vt.出卖，背叛
2．memorial n．纪念碑
3．prejudice n．偏见
4．alcoholic n．酗酒者，酒鬼
5．fortnight n．两星期
6．pyramid n．金字塔
7．commercial n．(电视)广告
8．nutrition n．营养
9．allowance n．津贴；零用钱
10．criticise vt.批评
11．sarcastic adj.讽刺的
12．frontier n．边境，边界
13．salute vt.向……致敬
14．liberation n．解放
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Cover the hole with the plastic sheet，securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center down with a rock.固定
2．The Budget does expose the lies ministers were telling a year ago.揭露，揭发
3．A registered elector is entitled to subscribe only one form.签署
4．In order to make a strong shot，a player must be able to hold racket very hard.击球
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语 1.put_forward 提议，提出 2．hand_over把……交给 3._stand_up_for保护，维护；保卫 4．look_down_on看不起 5．keep_one's_word遵守诺言 6._sort_out解决(问题或困难)；分类 7．have_a_gift_for有……的天赋 8．hold_out(在困境中)坚持 [语境运用] 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。 When I was 7，my mother ①put_forward that I should learn an instrument.After several discussions，I decided to learn playing the guitar.But after several classes，the teacher told my mother that I had no gift for it.And my classmates often ②looked_down_on me because of my poor performance.All of these made me upset.But my mother told me that practice makes perfect and she promised she would accompany me to ③sort_out the difficulties all the time.She ④kept_her_word and we together ⑤held_out.
9.be_exposed_to 处于可能受伤害的境地 10．send_for 派人去请/叫 11．call_on要求……介入；呼吁 12．come_about发生 13._in_peace和平地 14．look_into调查 15．give_in让步；屈服 16．call_in请(某人) [语境运用] 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。 After the P．E.class，two boys came into conflict and fought on the playground.Seeing this，the monitor ⑥sent_for the head teacher immediately，hoping to ⑦look_into how the fight ⑧came_about.Later，the head teacher figured out that the two boys were both ⑨exposed_to violent computer games，which made them lose temper easily.So he ⑩called_on the parents to spare more time to accompany their children to make sure their physical and mental health.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵 句式仿写应用
1.being exposed to分词作状语Yang Ming's neighbours say they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise. 受到大暴雨的袭击，他们感到很无助。Being_struck_by_the_heavy_storm，they felt helpless.
2.虚拟条件句中对过去事实相反的假设Had they known their neighbour was a drummer，they wouldn't have moved into the building. 要是准备充分我们是可能成功的。Had_we_made_adequate_preparations，we might have succeeded.
3.No sooner...than...No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night's sleep. 我刚刚坐下，服务小姐就拿着一个菜单向我走来。No_sooner_had_I_sat_down than the waitress came to me with a bill of fare.
4.the more...，the more... In fact，the more I use the bike, the more weight I seem to put on，despite following the instruction manual carefully. 不要泄气，你学习越刻苦，进步就越大。 Don't lose heart.The_harder_you_study，the_greater_progress you'll make.
1．distribute vt. 分发，分配；散布，分布
distribute sth.to 把某物分(配，发)给……
distribute sth.among在……中分配
distribute...over...散布，分布
distribute clothes and blankets发放衣服和毯子
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The mother distributed candy among children.
②The books in the library were_distributed(distribute) according to subjects.
③The map shows the distribution(distribute) of this species across the world.
④They seized the land and distributed it for the peasants.
for→to/among
[链接写作]——完成句子
所有同学都被老师分到了不同小组中，一个小组有三个人。
All the students have_been_distributed_to different groups of three students by our teacher.(distribute sth.to)
2．expense n．费用，开支
at sb's expense 由某人付费
at the expense of以(损 害)……为代价
spare no expense不惜费用；不惜代价
afford the expense负担起这个费用
cover one's daily expenses应付日常开支
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①He went abroad at his brother's expense.
②Don't stress minor issues at the expense of the central task.
③I spare no expense to collect the paintings by Picasso.
④His fame was bought on the expense of health and happiness.
on→at
[链接写作]——完成句子
你不能慷他人之慨。
You shouldn't be generous at_the_expense_of_others.(at the expense of)
3．appoint vt.任命，委任；安排，确定
(1)appoint sb.to sth.任命某人去……任职
appoint sb.to do sth.任命某人做某事
appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人为……
(2)appointment n．任命；约会
make an appointment with sb.＝have an appointment with sb.和某人约会
(3)appoint...with...用……布置/配备……
keep an appointment 守约
at the appointed time在指定时间
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed(appoint) to guard her.
②They appointed her to_take(take) care of that old man.
③I have an appointment(appoint) with him at four o'clock.
④I'd like to make a appointment with Mr.Wang，the manager.
a→an
[链接写作]——完成句子
我写信是想申请“自由分享”活动，在这项活动中你可以把书放在指定位置，其他参与者自由获取。
I'm writing to apply for “wild release”，in which you can put the books in the_ appointed_place，and other participants can have free access to them.
4．possession n. [C]私有物品，财产 (pl.)；[U]拥有，占有
(1)take/have possession of 占有，拥有
sb.be in possession of sth.某人占有/拥有某物
sth.be in the possession of sb.＝sth.be in one's possession某物为某人所有
(2)possess vt.具有；占有；控制
be possessed of拥有，具有，占有
possess many qualities 具有许多特质
lose all his possessions 失去了所有的财产
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①It's not wishing for what we don't have，but enjoying what we do possess(possess)that counts.
②Charles was possessed of a sound intellect and a happy manner.
③Many people lost their homes and all their possessions (possession) in the earthquake.
④He is in the possession of a large estate in the country.
去掉第一个the
[链接写作]——一句多译
那位商人拥有那片土地。
①The land is in_the_possession_of_the_merchant.
②The merchant has/takes_possession_of_the_land.
③The merchant is in_possession_of_the_land.
5．intend vt.想要，打算；计划
(1)intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
intend to do/doing sth.打算做某事
intend that...打算……(从句用陈述语气)
had intended to do sth.本打算做某事
(2)be intended for为……打算/设计的
intend no harm 没有恶意
intend to study abroad 打算去国外留学
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①I didn't intend her to_see(see) the painting until it was finished.
②The book is intended(intend) for children.
③The magazine intended to the retired turned out to be a great success.第一个to→for
[链接写作]——完成句子
我们计划下个月开始生产。
We intend_that_production_will_start next month.(intend that)
6．remark vt. & vi.说起，谈到；谈论，评论；察觉 n．谈论，评论
(1)remark that...评论……
remark on/upon sth./sb.就某事/某人发表评论
(2)make a remark on/about就……发表意见
(3)remarkable adj.不平常的；值得注意的
be remarkable for＝be known/famous for因……而著名
brief remarks 简短的话语
make good remarks on 就……做出好的评论
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Prof.Smith remarked on the difference between the two dictionaries.
②He made no remark on his wife's new hairstyle，which made her a little disappointed.
③It is quite remarkable(remark) that doctors have been so wrong about this.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达)It's bad manners to remark on the appearance of others.
(高级表达) It's bad manners to_make_a_remark_on/about the appearance of others.
7．expose vt.使置身于危险中；暴露；揭露；使曝光；使接触(新事物)
(1)expose...to...使……暴露于/面临/接触……
expose sb.as...揭露某人为……
(2)exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；不挡风雨的
(be) exposed to暴露于……
[一词多义]——写出下列句中expose的含义
①The soldiers were warned to remain hidden and not to expose themselves.暴露
②The reporter was killed because he tried to expose the plot.揭露
③He smiled suddenly，exposing a set of white teeth.显露
④We want to expose the kids to as much art as possible.使接触
[基础练习]——单句改错
Children exposing to difficult situations are better at handling those challenging tasks. exposing→exposed
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He was exposed to the rain and wind last night and he was ill.
(高级表达)Exposed_to_the_rain_and_wind_last_night，he was ill.(过去分词短语作状语)
8．classify vt.编排；把……分类；归类
classify...as...划分，界定；把……划分为……
classify...according to...按照……来划分……
be classified into 分类为；归类
be classified by...按照……分类
classify questions by level of difficulty 按照难易程度将问题分类
classify these expressions into four types 将这些词语分成四类
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Patients are classified into three categories.
②The books in the library are classified according to subject.
③People who work in library spend a lot of time classifying (classify) books.
④I'd rather classify his novels by science fiction.by→as
[链接写作]——完成句子
建筑大都是一个城市本地的生活与文化的产物。
Architecture is_classified_by_daily_life_and_culture_of_a_city.(be classified by)
9．subscribe vi.同意；支持；捐赠；订阅 vt.签署(文件)；捐助
(1)subscribe to 订阅……；预定……；同意……
subscribe...to...在……上签署……；向……捐赠……
(2)subscriber n．(杂志等)订阅者；消费者，用户；捐赠者
subscribe to Time 订阅《时代周刊》
subscribe to the view赞同这个观点
[一词多义]——写出下列句中subscribe的含义
①We all subscribed to what he had said.同意
②He subscribes to the view that children can benefit from being independent.赞成
③I have subscribed to several magazines recently.订购
④Many people subscribed money to the education fund.捐赠
[基础练习]——单句改错
I have never subscribed for the view that schooldays are the happiest days of your life.for→to
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)My reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to know about advances in science.
(高级表达)The_reason_why_I_subscribe_to New Scientist is to know about advances in science.(定语从句)
10．hand over 移交；交出
hand down 传下来；传给后世
hand in 交上去(给老师或上级)
hand on 传递给另一个人
hand out 散发，分发
hands up 举手，举起手来
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Every week a truck arrived to collect the cash and hand over the money.
②Each student should hand in a composition once a week.
③Could you hand these books out for me?
④Their custom has been handed over to us by our great grandfathers.over→down
[链接写作]——完成句子
那首民谣已传了几代了。
That folk song has_been_handed_down_through_generations. (hand down)
11．put forward 提议，提出；推荐；将……提前；拨快
put aside 把……搁在一边，暂不考虑……，储蓄
put away 把……收拾好、放好，储存
put back 放回原处；把……向后拨
put down 着陆；放下；镇压，平定
put off 推迟，延期
put on 穿、戴上；增加，增添；上演(戏剧等)
put out 扑灭；出版；发行，发布；生产
put through 完成；接通(电话)
put up 张贴；举起；搭建；供给膳宿
put up with 忍受，忍耐
[一词多义]——写出下列句中put forward的含义
①He put forward a plan for improving the rate of production.提出
②He has been put forward as the best man for the job.推荐
③My watch was slow，so I put it forward.拨快
[基础练习]——单句改错
Seeing that，my classmates and I had a short discussion and we put up a good idea of recycling.up→forward
[链接写作]——完成句子
火被扑灭后，他才发觉自己受了伤。
He didn't realize that he was injured until the_fire_had_been_ put_out.(put out)
12．look into 调查；了解
look into 调查；审查
look for 寻找
look up 仰视；查阅
look up to sb.尊敬某人
look forward to盼望
look down on/upon 瞧不起
look back on/at 回顾
look through 浏览；仔细查看
look ahead 展望未来；为将来设想
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Your complaint is being looked into.When we have anything to report，we will write to you again.
②She looks down upon/on people who haven't been to college.
③He looked through the notes before the exam.
④I fear that others will look down you for the decisions I have made.down后加on/upon
[链接写作]——完成句子
我喜欢回顾我的中学时代，那是我一生中最幸福的时候。
I like to look_back_on_my_high_school_days，which were among the happiest in my life.(look back)
13．call on 要求……介入；访问；号召；邀请
call at参观、拜访某地
call for要求；需要；去接某人；去拿某物
call up打电话；使想起；使回忆起
call in召集；请；要求退回、收回
call off决定取消；下令停止
call back收回；回电话
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The problem calls for immediate solution.
②The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.
③We called off the race because it was raining.
④I called on his house twice，but he happened to be out each time.
on→at
[链接写作]——完成句子
我知道你拍的照片好，并且你总是呼吁人们为环保做点什么。
I know you take good pictures and you are always call_on_people_ to_do_something_for_environmental_protection.
14．(教材P20)No_sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely did they get a full night's sleep.他们刚搬进来，噪音就开始了，他们几乎没有睡过一个囫囵觉。
[句法句式]句中No sooner...than...表示“一……就……”，no sooner放在句子开头时，通常用倒装语序，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
其他表示“一……就……”的句型有：
(1)主句＋as soon as从句；
(2)the moment/minute/instant...＋主句；
(3)hardly/scarcely...when...；
(4)On/Upon＋n./v.?ing＋主句；
(5)immediately/directly＋主句。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①No sooner had the lovely baby seen its mother than it smiled.
②Hardly had we started our journey when the car got a flat tyre.
③On/Upon arriving(arrive) at the airport，he exchanged his pounds for dollars.
④I found myself in an entirely new world at the moment I entered the Garden.去掉at
[链接写作]——句式升级
No sooner had he returned home than he called me and asked about my work.
①He had_no_sooner_returned_home_than he called me and asked about my work.(陈述语序)
②Hardly_had_he_returned_home_when he called me and asked about my work.(hardly...when倒装结构)
③He called me and asked about my work as_soon_as_he_ returned_home.(用 as soon as改写)
15．(教材P26) In fact，the_more I use the bike，the_more weight I seem to put on，despite following the instruction manual carefully.事实上，我越骑这辆自行车，我好像就越胖了，尽管我认真按说明书去做了。
[句法句式]本句为“the＋比较级．..the＋比较级”句型，意为“越……就越……”。
(1)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句(若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。)
(2)这种句型的特点是前后都可以有所省略。特别是谚语、俗语，只要意义明确，越简练越好。
[金句推送] (2019·浙江卷)The stranger the idea is，the more it gets noticed.
这个主意越新奇，它就会受到更多的关注。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①The harder(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.
②The more fruit and vegetables you eat，the less(little) chance you have of getting cancer.
③The more(much) stress you are under，the more likely you are to catch a cold.
④The more honester you are，the more friends you will make.
honester→honest
[链接写作]——完成句子
你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。
The_more_careful_you_are，the fewer mistakes you will make.
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．As the only child，Jack was in possession(possess) of all the belongings after his parents died.
2．A much better way must be found to achieve an equal distribution (distribute) of the resources.
3．The more you listen to English，the easier (easy) you'll feel in speaking English.
4．Doctors warn people that one may develop skin cancer with his skin exposed (expose) to the sun too much.
5．The President called on his people to_make (make) sacrifices for the good of their country.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．He took a fortnight off to travel abroad at his own expense.
2．He had no sooner appeared on the stage than the audience burst into cheers.
3．What satisfied him was that he was appointed as the sales manager in 2017.
4．Everyone remarked on/upon his absence without any reason.
5．Which journals does the library subscribe to?
维度3——查缺补漏
1．Only when they put their heads together did they make such a brilliant plan and complete the task ahead of schedule.
2．He was looking forward to working(work) with the new Prime Minister.
3．The little girl has a gift for art.
4．It wasn't until I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.
5．Agriculture in this country has developed greatly after liberation (liberate)．
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据教材课文P20内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Drummer hits the road
Yang Ming，1.a drummer and bachelor，held parties every night，2.which has caused many complaints from his neighbours about loss of sleep.They say they were being driven mad being exposed to such noise.Since they 3.moved (move) into the building，they have rarely got a full night's sleep.They even couldn't get relaxed or read without 4.plugging (plug) their ears.Moreover，one neighbour thinks Yang is an alcoholic and had a bad influence on his son.Finally，the local council took action.Yang Ming had to leave his furnished apartment.His departure has made his neighbours' life return to normal.
Grandpa jailed after one shower too many
Smith，a keen gardener and fish collector，lives above the McKays.5.Unluckily (luck)，the water he sent over his balcony every day dropped on the McKay's，or too often，on the McKays 6.themselves(them)．It was not so much the water falling onto their balcony 7.but the way he cleaned his fish tanks that bothered them.They were sitting there happily 8.reading (read) their newspapers when so much water would come from above so that they got wet all over.
On Saturday evening，when it was James' 9.eightieth (eighty) birthday，Smith emptied one larger tank and both the McKays and the cake were wet through.James，who is usually a peaceful person，couldn't tolerate it any more.He was up there in a flash and hit Smith on the head with his walking stick.As a result，James spent Saturday night in jail but he said it was definitely the most 10.exciting (excite) birthday ever.
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①面对如此多的困难，他与同事进行了详细的交谈。
When_he_was_exposed_to so many difficulties，he talked them over with his colleagues.
②就此事他提出了他的建议。
He put_forward his suggestions for this.
③他说他们应该调查一下问题是如何产生的。
He said that they_should_look_into_the_matter and find out how it came about.
④然后，他打算派人去请技师来帮忙解决这个问题。
Then he intended_to_send_for the technicians to help sort out the matter.
⑤最后，他指出大家要一起坚持下去，无论何时都不要向困难屈服。
At last，he pointed that everybody should hold_out and would never give in to any difficulty at any case.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用分词短语升级1中的①
Exposed_to so many difficulties，he talked them over with his colleagues.
(2)用高级词汇升级1中的③
He remarked_that they should look into the matter and find out how it came about.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at last)
Exposed to so many difficulties，he talked them over with his colleagues.He put forward his suggestions for this.He remarked that they should look into the matter and find out how it came about.Then he intended to send for the technicians to help sort out the matter.At last，he pointed that everybody should hold out and would never give in to any difficulty at any case.
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选修8
Unit 23 Conflict
we had caught the flight
would be enjoying
No sooner had Jack Ma stepped on the stage than
expense
classify
subscribe
contradict
tip
shoot
community
sculpture
stable
possess
expose
departure
fortnight
appoint
possession
security
greet
remark
distribute
consume
import
strengthen
intend
expenses
classified
tips
contradicted
subscribing
sculptures
exposed
furniture
appointment
possession
security
greeting
remarkable
distribution
distributor
consumer
strength
strengthen
intention
secure
security
intend
intention
strengthen
strength
greet
greeting
possession
possess
furnished
furniture
appointment
appointed
appointed
distributor
distribution
distributed
exposure
expose
exposed
出卖，背叛
纪念碑
偏见
酗酒者，酒鬼
两星期
金字塔
(电视)广告
营养
津贴；零用钱
批评
讽刺的
边境，边界
向……致敬
解放
固定
揭露，揭发
签署
击球
put forward
hand over
stand up for
look down on
keep one's word
sort out
have a gift for
hold out
put forward
looked down on
sor t out
kept her word
held out
be exposed to
send for
call on
come about
in peace
look into
give in
call in
sent for
look into
came about
exposed to
called on
Being struck by the heavy storm
Had we made adequate
preparations
No sooner had I sat down
The harder you study
the greater progress
among
were distributed
distribution
for→to/among
have been distributed to
at
of
no
on→at
at the expense of others
appointed
to take
appointment
a→an
the appointed place
possess
of
possessions
去掉第一个the
in the possession of the merchant
has/takes possession of the land
in possession of the land
to see
intended
第一个to→for
intend that production will start
on
on
remarkable
to make a remark on/about
暴露
揭露
显露
使接触
exposing→exposed
Exposed to the rain and wind last night
into
to
classifying
by→as
is classified by daily life and culture of a city
同意
赞成
订购
捐赠
for→to
The reason why I subscribe to
over
in
out
over→down
has been handed down through generations
提出
推荐
拨快
up→forward
the fire had been
put out
into
upon/on
through
down后加on/upon
look back on my high school days
for
in
off
on→at
call on people
to do something for environmental protection
No sooner
than
had
when
arriving
去掉at
had no sooner returned home than
Hardly had he returned home when
as soon as he
returned home
the more
the more
harder
less
more
honester→honest
The more careful you are
possession
distribution
easier
exposed
to make
at
than
as
on/upon
to
did
working
a
that
liberation
a
which
moved
plugging
Unluckily
themselves
but
reading
eightieth
exciting
When he was exposed to
put forward
they should look into the matter
intended to send for
hold out
Exposed to
remarked that
Thank you for watching !
Unit 24 Society
三言 两语
1.The Literature Society recommended a variety of good books，encouraging us to get pleasure from reading. 2．They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about science discoveries. 3．Reading widely enables me to have a chance to broaden my horizons. 1.约翰今天想来看我。我宁愿他明天来 John wants to see me today.I would_rather_he_came_tomorrow. 2．到了我们采取措施保护自然资源的时候了。It's_high_time_that_we_should_come/came to preserve the natural resources.
[单词 拼写应用]
核心单词
1．sentence n．&vt.判决；判刑
2．resign vt.&vi.辞职
3．undertake vt.着手做，从事；答应；承诺
4．virtue n．优点，长处
5．rot vt.&vi.腐烂
6．cast vt.&vi.投下
7．consequently adv.所以，因此
8．burden n．重担，负担
9．abundant adj.大量的，丰富的
10．accumulate v. 积累， 积聚
11．adjustment n．调整，调节
12．diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的
13．delete vt.删除
14．skip v. 跳过；跳读
15．edition n. 版本
16．thirst n．渴望；口渴
17．fine v．罚款
18．abolish vt.废除，废止；取消
19．swing vi.摇摆；秋千
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1．He resigned (resign) as manager after eight years.
2．They flew over the beach，casting(cast) a huge shadow.
3．When I undertook(undertake) to mend his watch for him，I didn't bargain for all this trouble.
4．The man was_sentenced(sentence) to death two years ago.
5．He is poisoned by eating rotten(rot) meat.
6．All the candidates have their virtues(virtue) and vices.
拓展单词
1．volunteer v．自愿做→volunteer n．志愿者→voluntary adj.自愿的
2．abundant adj.大量的→abundance n．大量
3．sign v．签名；打手势 n．招牌；迹象；符号→signature n．签名
4．govern vt.统治，管理→governor n．统治者，总督→government n．政府
5．adjust vt.调整，调节；使适应→adjustment n．调整，调节
6．diverse adj.各种各样的→diversity n．多样性；差异
7．mercy n．宽容，仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的
8．edit vt.编辑；校订→editor n．编辑；编者，校订者→edition n．版本
9．elect vt.选举，推选→election n．选举
10．thirst n．口渴→thirsty adj.口渴的
11．contain vt.包含；装有→container n．容器
[语境运用] 用所给词的适当形式或所给提示填空。
1．It doesn't have to be a large container to contain these fruits.(contain)
2．I am thirsty for them，and my thirst is overwhelming.(thirst)
3．The merciful merchant showed mercy to the poor father.(mercy)
4．The diversity of regions includes the diverse ways of historical development.(diverse)
5．Zhejiang has a long history and a brilliant culture behind，coupled with abundant natural sceneries and historical sites，contributing to the abundance of tourist resources.(abundant)
6．Thanks，will you please fill in the registration form and sign your signature here？(sign)
7．If you move to a new city，you'd better adjust yourself to it.Sometimes，it is hard to make some adjustments.(adjust)
8．In the latest election，Mary was elected chair woman of the Student Union.(elect)
9．She used to edit newspapers，and now she is the editor of a dictionary which is now in its sixth edition.(edit)
阅读单词
1．inequality n．不平等
2．graph n．图表
3．deposit vt.存储，储蓄
4．currency n．货币
5．vacant adj.未住人的，空置的
6．pension n．退休金，养老金
7．leisure n．闲暇，空闲
8．framework n．构架，结构
9．feast n．盛宴，宴会
10．fragrant adj.有香味的
11．spoonful n．一匙之量
12．penalty n．刑罚，惩罚
13．moreover adv.再者，此外
14．merchant n．商人
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)．..we found that in 30 mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.罚款
2．We had to resign ourselves to making a loss on the sale.屈从
3．She had a kind of vacant look on her face.茫然的
4．She said the cast won't include any stars.演员表
[短语 多维应用]
高频短语 1.come_into_being形成，存在 2．show_off炫耀，夸耀 3．do_away_with废除；摆脱，消灭 4．knock_into_sb. 撞上某人；偶然遇到 5．contribute_to促进；有助于 6．play_an_important_role_in 在……中起重要作用 7．take...into_account考虑；注意，体谅 8．to_start_with首先 [语境运用] 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。 My mother used to ask my elder sister to show off her singing and dancing in front of her friends and relatives.But in my view，he didn't ①take my sister's feelings into_account，because I found sometimes she did it unwillingly.So I advised that my mother should ②do_away_with this behavior.As we all know，parents' respect ③plays_an_important_role_in the children's growth，which ④contributes_to their healthy psychology.
9.above_all最重要的是；首先 10．be_well/better_off过得好/更好 11．break_into闯入；突然开始 12．wind_sb.up故意惹恼某人 13．on_principle 根据原则 14．keep_an_eye_on注意，留意 15._take...seriously 认真对待…… 16．sentence_sb.to_death 判某人死刑 [语境运用] 选用左栏短语的适当形式填空。 After giving birth to a second baby，my friend told me that her life ⑤was not better_off.Her daughter often ⑥broke_into her younger brother's bedroom and hit him.It was obvious that she ⑦winded him up，which made her angry.But I think ⑧on_principle，it was she that should be responsible for this.So I advised her to ⑨take it seriously and ⑩keep_an_eye_on her daughter in daily life.
[句式 结构仿写]
教材原句背诵 句式仿写应用
1.not...but... Not increased happiness，but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families. 我生气不是因为你犯错，而是因为你没有告诉我。 I am angry not_because_you_made _mistakes，but because you did not tell me about them.
2.would rather后面跟虚拟语气 I'd rather you didn't mention that. 我真希望你马上就动身。 I would_rather_you_started_off right away.
3.make复合宾语They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs，which made it easier to keep an eye on people's movements. 我记得我向你清楚表示过我不会来。 I remember I made_it_clear_to_you that I was not coming.
4.what if 要是……会怎么样呢 What if some married people have affairs？ 如果下周数学考试我不及格怎么办？What_if I fail the maths exam next week？
1．burden n. 负担，重担 vt. (使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
(1)be a burden on/to...是……的负担
(2)burden sb./oneself with sth.装载……；使……负担……
be burdened with...负重；为……所累
carry the burden 挑起这副担子
be burdened with heavy taxation 承担沉重的税款
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①I don't want to burden you with my problems.
②The burden on his back seemed to be crushing him to the earth.
③Too much praise is a burden to a child.
④Burdened such a big family，he had to work hard all day long.
Burdened后加with
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)He was burdened with endless paperwork，so he didn't have time to assist you.
(高级表达)Burdened_with_endless_paperwork，he didn't have time to assist you.(过去分词短语作状语)
2．undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应
undertake＋n./pron.承担……
undertake to do...着手做……；答应做……
undertake that...答应……
undertake for...为……负责
undertake responsibility 承担责任
undertake to finish the job 同意完成这项工作
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.
②I'll undertake for your security.
③He undertook improving the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.improving→to_improve
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)She undertook to finish the job by Friday last night.
(高级表达)She undertook_that_she_would_finish_the_job by Friday last night.
3．abundant adj.大量的；丰盛的；充裕的
(1)be abundant in 富有……；……很丰富
(2)abundance n. 丰富
an abundance of丰富的，许多的
in abundance大量；富裕
be abundant in natural resources 有丰富的自然资源
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①There was an abundance(abundant) of corn last year.
②Wild flowers grow in abundance on the hillsides.
③South Africa is a developing country which is abundant in natural resources.
④At the feast of New Year's Eve there is an abundance in food and drinks.in→of
[链接写作]——完成句子
这个国家有很多熟练工人，但工作职位不够。
The country has an_abundance_of_skilled_workers，but not enough jobs.
4．resign vt. & vi. 辞职，辞去；使顺从
resign one's job/post/position辞去工作/职位
resign from 从……辞职
resign oneself to (doing) sth.顺从……；使自己安于(做)某事
resign as...辞去当……的职务
resign...to...把……托付给……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①She resigned from her job for personal reasons.
②You must resign yourselves to waiting(wait) a bit longer.
③It is reported that more and more parents resign their children to their grandparents at hometown.
④We had to resign ourselves making a loss on the sale.ourselves后加to
[链接写作]——完成句子
他仍在董事会，但几个月前他辞去了董事长职务。
He is still on the board，but he resigned_as_chairman some months ago.(resign as)
5．elect vt.选举，推选；选择
(1)elect sb.to...选举某人进入……
elect sb.as/to be...选举某人为……
elect to do sth.选择做某事
(2)election n．选举；推举；当选
run for an election参加竞选
elect Smith as mayor 选史密斯当市长
a general election 大选
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Six theatre companies have been elected to_take(take) part in this year's festival.
②F·D·Roosevelt was elected four times as president of the US.
③The final election(elect) results will be announced on Friday.
④He was elected the chairman of the education committee.
去掉第一个the
[链接写作]——完成句子
在美国每四年举行一次总统选举。
In America，presidential elections_are_held_every_four_years.
6．sentence n．判决 vt.宣判；判刑
(1)serve a sentence 服刑
pass/give sentence on sb.给某人判刑
(2)sentence sb.to sth.给某人判……刑(常用被动语态)
be sentenced to death/three years in prison被判死刑/三年徒刑
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Wang Lijun was sentenced to 15 years in prison.
②The prisoner has served a sentence and will be released tomorrow.
③They were sentenced for their part in April's coup attempt.
④The judge will pass sentence to the murder tomorrow after looking at the report.to→on
[链接写作]——完成句子
因他是初次犯罪，法官对他予以轻判。
The judge passed_a_light_sentence_on_him because it was his first offence.
7．cast vt.投下；投以(笑容，视线)；投射(光、影子)；扔；抛；投票
cast a shadow/cloud over/on sth.给……投下一层阴影
cast doubt on sth.使怀疑某事，使不确信某事
cast a look/glance at sb./sth.向……看一眼
cast down 使沮丧，使失望
cast his net into water 把网撒到水里
cast a shadow on the wall 把影子投射到墙上
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Her father's illness cast a shadow over the wedding celebrations.
②She cast a glance in the mirror and went out，shutting the door behind her.
③He was cast down by the sad news.
[链接写作]——完成句子
他的所作所为使人们对他的诚实产生了怀疑。
What he had done cast_doubt_on_his_honesty.
8．thirst n．渴，口渴；渴望
(1)satisfy/relieve one's thirst解渴，止渴
die of thirst死于干渴
a thirst for knowledge如饥似渴的求知欲
thirst for sth.渴望/渴求某物
(2)thirsty adj.渴的
be thirsty for sth.渴望/渴求某物
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
Drink whenever you feel thirsty(thirst) during exercise.
[链接写作]——一句多译
虽然他不富裕，但他非常渴求电脑知识。
①Though he is not rich，he is_thirsty_for the computer technology. (thirsty)
②Though he is not rich，he is_dying_for the computer technology. (dying)
③Though he is not rich，he longs_for the computer technology. (long)
④Though he is not rich，he is_eager_for the computer technology. (eager)
9．show off 炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示
on show 公开展出
show sb.in 带某人进来
show sb.around sp.带某人参观某个地方
show up 到达；显现出来；使别人难堪
show sb.out 带某人出去
show sth.to sb.向某人展示某物
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Mike was trying to show off his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.
②She showed me around_her factory and introduced me to everybody.
③A few hundred people showed off，as well as some television cameramen and reporters.off→up
[链接写作]——完成句子
你昨天为什么没有参加会议？
Why didn't you show_up_at_the_meeting yesterday?
10．come into being 形成，存在
come into existence开始存在，建立，产生
come into effect/force生效
come into use开始被使用
come into power掌权
come into sight/view看见；进入视野
come into fashion开始流行
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①When did the term of “new?new people” come into existence (exist)?
②The new tax regulations came into effect/force last month.
③The Kingdom of Italy formally came into being(be) on 17 March 1861.
④I don't know when the union we have been looking forward to will be come into being.去掉be
[链接写作]——完成句子
当敌人进入我们的视野再开枪。
Don't fire until the enemies come_into_our_sight.
11．keep an eye on 照看；密切注视
keep away (from)不使接近，不接近
keep back阻止，抵制；扣下；隐瞒
keep out使不入内
keep up保持，继续，持续
keep up with...不落后，赶上
keep sb.from doing sth.不让某人做……
keep in touch with与……保持联系
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Will you keep an eye on my child for a while?
②Food production is not keeping up with population.
③We had no way to keep him from getting(get) involved in the matter.
④I keep in the touch with them from time to time by the phone.
去掉第一个the
[链接写作]——完成句子
请帮忙照看一下我的行李好吗？
Could you do me a favour and keep_an_eye_on_my_luggage?
12．knock into 撞上某人
knock about/around闲逛，漫游
knock down/over撞倒；打倒；拆除
knock at (on) 敲(门、窗、墙等)
knock out撞出；敲击
knock against撞到……上
knock off减价；中断，停止
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.
②He has now knocked out most of the other competitors.
③He was knocked over by a bus and broke his leg.
[链接写作]——完成句子
我们想去北京，在那儿待几天到处逛逛。
We want to go to Beijing，and knock_about_for_a_few_days.
13．(教材P34)Not increased happiness，but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.(结果)不是更快乐了，而是压力(增加了)，独处和享受与朋友、家人共处的自由支配时间更少了。
[句法句式]not...but...“不是……而是……”，表示取舍关系，常连接主语、表语和宾语。
(1)not only...but also...“不但……而且……”，表示递进关系，常连接两个并列的主语、谓语、状语和并列句。
(2)若not...but...与not only...but also...连接两个主语，谓语动词应与就近的名词、代词保持人称、数的一致。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①Not you but your father is(be) to blame.
②They own not one but three houses.
③Not only cancer，but also heart and lung disease is influenced by smoking.is→are
14．(教材P36)What_if_some married people have affairs？要是一些已婚的人有了婚外情怎么办？
[句法句式]What if...？表示“如果……怎么办？”。
(1)how come意为“……是怎么回事？”，可以单独出现在对话中，也可以在how come后接语序完整的陈述句。
(2)So what？“那又怎么样？”
[金句推送] (2018·天津卷)What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren't that interested in?
如果他们谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画很长时间你会怎么办？
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What if it rains tomorrow？Will we still have the practice?
②Since she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad?
[链接写作]——完成句子
——他比你小15岁！
——那又怎么样？
—He is fifteen years younger than you!
—So_what？
多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The company has announced that it will undertake a full investigation into the accident.
2．Don't take it seriously (serious)—he was only teasing.
3．At the party there was food and drink in abundance (abundant)．
4．It's high time that you started/should_start (start) working.
5．The little girl would rather walk (walk) home from school every afternoon.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
1．It is good manners(manner) for an Arab to stand close to his friend when they are talking.
2．He was sentenced to three years in prison because of family violence.
3．The old man was knocked down/over by an electric bike，but fortunately not seriously hurt.
4．The girl decided that she would resign herself to his father's guidance.
5．The old man doesn't want to be a burden to/on his children.
维度3——查缺补漏
1．Since everything develops，we have to make an adjustment (adjust) to the changing situation.
2．He spoke so clearly as to make himself understood (understand)．
3．Why do you want to volunteer for our organization?
4．The company was fined(fine) $20,000 for breaking safety regulations.
5．3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一 单元话题语篇练
根据教材课文P34内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In modern society，1.trapped (trap) in a spending circle，most of us work hard to earn more money and 2.when we have more money，we spend more，so we have to work even harder.But the more money we earn，the 3.less (little) we often see it.In the spending circle，we accumulate 4.possessions (possess) and work towards the ownership of bigger and better houses.As a result，what we get is not 5.increased (increase) happiness，6.but stress and less free time to be ourselves and enjoy being with our friends and families.There is a growing resistance to this consumer society，for it is 7.especially (especial) affecting the youth of today with its modern equipment.Trade unions demand that people share work 8.to_reduce (reduce) unemployment.We should try to control advertising，especially advertising 9.which is aimed at children.Young people should be taught to use their free time in a proper way.We should remember that “being” and “doing” 10.are (be) much more important than “having”．
提能二 单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①前几天我承担了一项任务，去采访一名罪犯。
The other day I undertook_a_task to interview a criminal.
②他因闯入一家超市盗取大量的珠宝而被判处三年监禁。
He was_sentenced_to_three_years_in_prison because he broke into a supermarket to steal abundant jewellery.
③他告诉我他曾经是一个好孩子，当选过班上的班长。
He told me he used to be a good boy and was_elected_monitor_in_ his_class.
④后来常去一家不良网吧，就变坏了。政府是时候取缔这样的网吧了。
But later he often went to a bad cybercafe and he became bad. It_is_high_time_that_the_government_banned such cybercafes.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用介词短语升级1中的②
He was sentenced to three years in prison because_of breaking into a supermarket to steal abundant jewellery.
(2)用状语从句升级1中的④
But later because he often went to a bad cybercafe，he became bad.It is high time that the government banned such cybercafes.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：but)
The other day I undertook a task to interview a criminal.He was sentenced to three years in prison because of breaking into a supermarket to steal abundant jewellery.He told me he used to be a good boy and was elected monitor in his class.But later because he often went to a bad cybercafe，he became bad.It is high time that the government banned such cybercafes.
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选修8
Unit 24 Society
would rather he came tomorrow
It's high time that we should come/came
sentence
resign
undertake
virtue
rot
cast
consequently
burden
abundant
accumulate
adjustment
diverse
delete
skip
edition
thirst
fine
abolish
swing
resigned
casting
undertook
was sentenced
rotten
virtues
volunteer
voluntary
abundance
signature
governor
government
adjustment
diversity
merciful
editor
edition
election
thirsty
container
container
contain
thirsty
thirst
merciful
mercy
diversity
diverse
abundant
abundance
sign
signature
adjust
adjustments
election
elected
edit
editor
edition
不平等
图表
存储，储蓄
货币
未住人的，空置的
退休金，养老金
闲暇，空闲
构架，结构
盛宴，宴会
有香味的
一匙之量
刑罚，惩罚
再者，此外
商人
罚款
屈从
茫然的
演员表
come into being
show off
do away with
knock into sb.
contribute to
play an important role in
take...into account
to start with
take
into account
do away with
plays an important role in
contributes to
above all
be well/better off
break into
wind sb.up
on principle
keep an eye on
take...seriously
sentence sb.to death
was
better off
broke into
winded
up
on principle
take
seriously
keep an eye on
not because you made
mistakes
would rather you started off
made it clear to you
What if
with
on
to
Burdened后加with
Burdened with endless paperwork
that
for
improving→to improve
undertook that she would finish the job
abundance
in
in
in→of
an abundance of skilled workers
from
waiting
to
ourselves后加to
resigned as chairman
to take
as
election
去掉第一个the
elections are held every four years
to
a
for
to→on
passed a light sentence on him
over
a
down
cast doubt on his honesty
thirsty
is thirsty for
is dying for
longs for
is eager for
off
around
off→up
show up at the meeting
existence
into
being
去掉be
come into our sight
on
with
getting
去掉第一个the
keep an eye on my luggage
down
out
over
knock about for a few days
Not
but
is
but
is→are
What if
if
how
So what
into
seriously
abundance
started/should start
walk
manners
to
down/over
to
to/on
adjustment
understood
for
fined
to
trapped
when
less
possessions
increased
but
especially
to reduce
which
are
undertook a task
was sentenced to three years in prison
was elected monitor in
his class
It is high time that the government banned
because of
because
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