人教版高一英语必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars Language points课件（51张）

课件51张PPT。Unit 4Unit 4
Astronomy:
the science of the starsTo learn some useful words and expressions in the passageWords:
violent, atmosphere, puzzle
Expressions:
in time, lay eggs, give birth to, prevent…fromChoose the correct word to fill in each of these blanks. At the beginning, the earth had no ________.
dust B. atoms
C. water D. matter2. The development of a planet generally depends on _______ combining together.
A. atoms B. rocks
C. gases D. water
3. The ______ of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs.
A. harmful B. system
C. spread D. method4. Mammals _____ when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared.
A. prevent B. multiplied
C. depended D. existed1. The earth became so violent that it
was not clear whether the shape would
last or not.
地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个
固体形状是否会继续存在下去。
violent adj. 暴力的；强烈的；剧烈的，猛烈的；颜色鲜艳的e.g. Children should not be allowed to
watch ______________.
不应该让小孩看暴力电影。
There was a violent storm at sea that
night and their ship sank.
那晚海上有猛烈的暴风雨，他们的船沉没了。
Her dress was a violent pink.
她的连衣裙是非常鲜艳的粉红色。violent movies【拓展】
violently adv. 强烈地；激烈地；厉害地
e.g. She shook her head violently.
她拼命摇头。
She was violently sick. 她病得厉害。violence n. 暴力；猛烈；强烈；狂热
e.g. He strongly opposes violence and
war.
他强烈反对暴力和战争。【语境运用】用violent的适当形式填空。
1) There was a(n) ________ reaction from
the public.
2) She ________ disagreed with what we
said.
3) We were all surprised at the ________ of his anger.?violentviolentlyviolence in time: sooner or later; eventually
e.g. I’ll see him in time.
in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late
e.g. She will be back in time to prepare
dinner.2. They were in time to produce
carbon dioxide, ..., which were to make
the earth’s atmosphere.
它们最终产生了二氧化碳……从而形
成了地球的大气层。in no time
立刻, 马上time相关的短语at times
______at a time
每次; 依次__________
______ 从前 ________
按时; 准时at one time
______ for the time being 暂时from time to time _______有时once upon a timeon time不时地 从前atmosphere意为“大气，气氛等”。
e.g. the upper atmosphere 高层大气
There was an atmosphere of mutual trust between them.
他们之间以前有种相互信任的气氛。3. They produced young generally by ____________.
它们一般通过孵蛋繁衍后代的。
lay eggs 下蛋
lay-laid-laid-laying
放, 把......放在......; 产卵
e.g. He laid his books on the desk.laying eggs注意:
lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置; 产卵
lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺; 位于
lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎 The naughty boy ______ to me that the hen that ______ there just now had ______ two eggs the day before.
A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lain
C. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laidD4. …, because they gave birth to young baby animals ...
因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔……阅读下列句子，并试着总结give birth to的含义及用法。
1) Mrs. White gave birth to a fine healthy
baby in her late thirties.
2) It was this event that gave birth to the
peace movement. 分娩产生【语境运用】根据汉语提示，用含birth的短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
1) Jane’s mother has just ____________ ______ (生了双胞胎).
2) It was said that the baby ___________________________ (出生
时重七磅).given birth toweighed seven pounds at birthtwins?5. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
它们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。prevent ... from 制止；使……不做某事。
from后多跟v-ing形式，有时可省略from。1) There was nothing to prevent her from
doing so.
2) We must prevent the water from being
polluted.
3) The emperor ordered his porters to
prevent the speaker entering the building. 【拓展】
近义短语有:
stop ... from 阻止……干某事；
keep ... from 阻止……干某事。
注意: prevent和stop后的from都可以省略，而keep ... from中的from则不能省略，如果省略了, 其意义将发生改变。【语境运用】
1) No one can prevent the plans ____ out.
A. to be carried B. from carrying
C. not to carry D. from being carried
2) They tried to prevent the plane from ____ on the runway.
A. land B. landing
C. to land D. being landedDB6. How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.
生命究竟如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大难题之一。puzzle n. 谜，智力游戏；不解之谜，疑问
v. 迷惑，使困惑
常用结构：puzzle sb. 使某人困惑；
puzzle about / over sth.
苦苦思索，仔细琢磨e.g. The boy tried hard to find the answer to the puzzle.?
What happened to the plane remains a puzzle.
The findings of the survey puzzle me — they’re not at all what I would have expected.
They are still puzzling about / over how the accident could have happened.【拓展】
★puzzled?adj.?困惑的，迷惑不解的
★puzzling?adj.?令人困惑的，令人费解的
★puzzlement?n.?困惑，迷惘
【语境运用】?根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1) Their reason for doing it ________
________ ________ ________ (依然是个
谜) to me. is
still a puzzle2) When heard the news, he had ________ ________ ___________ (迷惑不解的表情) on his face.
3) ________ ________ ________ (让我困惑的事) is why he left the country without telling anyone.
4) She has been ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (苦苦思索着这个奇怪的问题) for weeks. a puzzled look / expressionWhat puzzles me puzzling about / over
this strange questionSentence Explanations1. What it was to become was uncertain
until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion
years ago when the dust settled into a
solid globe.
翻译：___________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________ 随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地
形成一个固体的球状物。【分析】
a. 此复合句的主句为What it was to
become was uncertain；从句为_____引导
的定语从句。
b. 主句中包含一个由what引导的主语从
句What it was to become。
c. until是介词，与其前带否定前缀的形容
词uncertain构成not ... until句式，表示
“到……才，在……之前”，引导between
4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago作时间状语。 when? 这句话还可以这样表述：
Nobody knew what the cloud of dust would become before it turned into a solid globe between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②so ... that在此引导结果状语从句。
③结果状语从句中又包含一个由________引导的主语从句，it是形式主语。
【句意】地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不
知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。whether【仿写】雨变得这么大，不知道他们是否能准时到来。
__________________________________________________________________________The rain became so heavy that it was not clear whether they could come on time.3. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是What is even more important is，其中What引导________从句。
③that在此引导表语从句，其中又包含一个由________引导的时间状语从句。
【句意】更为重要的是，地球冷却了下
来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。主语as【仿写】更为重要的是，天色暗了下来，我们得把孩子们带回家。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________What is more important is that as it was getting dark, we should take the children home.Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.Discovering useful words
and expressionsun-presence
violence
confidence
difference
patienceuncertain
unfair
unpaid
unlike
unkind-al-istcultural
global
universal
agricultural
mathematicalartist
physicist
chemist
biologist
scientistIn pairs divide these adjectives into two groups: emotional words and calm words.violent patient gentle angry
rude relaxing kind shocked
excited easy-going calm crazypatient gentle
relaxing kind
easy-going calmviolent angry rude shocked excited crazyComplete the following passage with the words and phrases below in the correct form.astronomy atom fundamental
puzzle exist prevent … from
as a result give birth to Is the moon a planet? This question is ____________ if students are to show that they understand the nature of __________. fundamentalastronomySome scientists think that the earth ___________ the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon ______ before the earth was formed.
They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earth’s gravity. gave birth toexistedastronomy atom fundamental
puzzle exist prevent … from
as a result give birth to __________, it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the _______ that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. As a resultatomsastronomy atom fundamental
puzzle exist prevent … from
as a result give birth to What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this ________ it _____ escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a _______, the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.prevents frompuzzleastronomy atom fundamental
puzzle exist prevent … from
as a result give birth to 1. match the names with the planets
2. be interested in
3. according to a widely accepted theory
4. in all directions
5. a cloud of dust
6. settle into a solid globe
7. in time 8. water vapour
9. cool down
10. be fundamental to the development of life11. a chain reaction
12. fill the oceans and seas with oxygen
13. all sorts of fish 14. land animals
15. as well as 16. for the first time
17. lay eggs
18. give birth to young baby animals
19. in their turn
20. look after the earth
21. carbon dioxide
22. prevent heat from escaping from the earth
23. as a result of 24. depend onI.?根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
1. After dark the plants stop producing ________ (氧).
2. The _________ (气氛) over dinner was warm and friendly. And everyone talked happily.
3. What p________ me is why his books are so popular. I think they are very boring.oxygenatmospherepuzzles4. It’s no use trying to pretend that the problem doesn’t ________ (存在).
5. She’s got a bad cold and her voice is quite u________ her usual one.
6. A v________ storm struck the area last night. Luckily, no one was hurt.
7. Our city has a cheap and reliable public transportation ________ (体系).
8. No decision had been made, and t________ the situation remained unclear.existunlikeviolentsystemthus/thereforeII.?根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。
1. She set the alarm so she’d wake up _______ _______ (及时) to get up.
2. It is said that this kind of bird _______ _______ (下蛋) in other birds’ nests.
3. She ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (生了一个女孩) last night.inlaysgave birth to a girl?timeeggs4. The bad weather ________ ________ ________ ________ (使我不能参加) the meeting yesterday.
5. ________ ________ (根据) the agreement, neither of them has the right to ask her for money.
6. She had not been friendly to Pete and he, ________ ________ ________ (轮到他), was cold to her when she came to stay.prevented meAccording to??in his turnfrom attendingReview the new words and the key sentences in this part.