英语外研版必修三Unit 6 Disaster and hope Using Language 课件（27张）
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| 名称 | 英语外研版必修三Unit 6 Disaster and hope Using Language 课件（27张） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2020-02-19 21:48:28 | ||
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课件27张PPT。Unit 6 Disaster and hope
Using language 省略(Ellipsis)
【语用功能】
省略可以使句子简洁, 避免重复和啰嗦。【要义详析】
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。
凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分, 在一定语境中能够独立存在, 意义明确, 并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来, 只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义, 能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑, 而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。二、省略的用法
1. 并列句中的省略
一般说来, 在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。
*I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine.
我八点来的, 但亨利是在九点来的。2. 复合句中的省略
(1)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语, 这个关系代词可以省略。
*He’s the man (who/that)you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。(2)状语从句
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且状语从句中含有be动词时, 省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
*When (the novel is)published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。*Although(he was)hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作, 他的收入还是不够自己糊口。(3)宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that一般情况下, 可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下, that不能省略。
*I hope (that)you’ll be fine soon.
我希望你尽快康复。(4)主句省略
有时整个主句都可省略, 只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
*—You all like the story?
——你们都喜欢这个故事?
—Yes, except that the conclusion is too hasty.
——是的, 只是结尾太仓促。3. 虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if, 而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
*Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话, 你就会见到她了。(2)在一坚持(insist), 二命令(order, command), 三建议(suggest, propose, advise), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)等后的宾语从句中, 含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句, 以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that. . . 从句中常省略should。*We insisted that they(should) go with us.
我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。
*It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。4. 动词不定式的省略
(1)有些动词(词组), 如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作宾语时, 为了避免重复, 可以省略动词只保留到to, 但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have, 这些动词就要保留。*The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车, 可他妈妈不同意。
*He is not the man he used to be.
他已经不是原来的那个样子了。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时, 第一个带to, 后面可以省去to; 但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时, 则to不可省略。
*His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house. 他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。(3)感官动词(词组)see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to; 但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
*I saw him enter the room just now.
刚才我看见他进了房间。
*I didn’t know who made him cry.
我不知道谁把他惹哭了。(4)在某些句式中, 如介词but前有动词do的任何形式, 后面的不定式要省略to。
*I can do nothing but wait.
我能做的只有等待。5. 介词的省略
(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略, 而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in)doing sth. ;
have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth. ;
prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth. 。
*I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前, 一般可省略。
*We have a final exam every term.
每学期我们举行一次期末考试。6. 替代性省略
英语中, 可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
*—Can I put my bike here?
我可以把自行车放在这儿吗?
—You’d better not. 你最好不要。【即学活用】
把下面句子变为省略句
(1)It is a beautiful day, isn’t it?
→____________, isn’t it? ?
(2)She was poor but she was honest.
→She was poor but ______. Beautiful dayhonest(3)—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.
→ —What do you think made Mary so upset?
—____________________. ?
(4)When it is seen from the plane, the houses look
like tiny toys.
→__________________, the houses look like tiny toys. ?Losing her new bicycleSeen from the plane(5)—Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I was going to come yesterday, but I had an
unexpected visitor.
→ —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I ___________, but I had an unexpected visitor. ?
(6)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is
my grandpa.
→The man __________last night is my grandpa. ?was going toyou visited(7)If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my
students.
→_______________, I would be strict with my
students. 世纪金榜导学号?
(8)My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I
didn’t want to go to college.
→My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I
_____________. ?Were I a teacherdidn’t want to(9)—Do you think he is a good student?
—I don’t think he is a good student.
→ —Do you think he is a good student?
—I ________. ?
(10)She was heard to sing last night.
→I _____________last night. ?think notheard her sing
Using language 省略(Ellipsis)
【语用功能】
省略可以使句子简洁, 避免重复和啰嗦。【要义详析】
一、省略的定义
省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。
凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分, 在一定语境中能够独立存在, 意义明确, 并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。一般说来, 只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义, 能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑, 而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。二、省略的用法
1. 并列句中的省略
一般说来, 在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。
*I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine.
我八点来的, 但亨利是在九点来的。2. 复合句中的省略
(1)定语从句
如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语, 这个关系代词可以省略。
*He’s the man (who/that)you can safely depend on.
他是你能放心信赖的人。(2)状语从句
当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且状语从句中含有be动词时, 省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。
*When (the novel is)published, the novel will become one of the best sellers of the year.
那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。*Although(he was)hard-working, he couldn’t earn enough to support himself.
尽管努力工作, 他的收入还是不够自己糊口。(3)宾语从句
引导宾语从句的that一般情况下, 可以省略。that后面的宾语从句较长或其他一些特殊情况下, that不能省略。
*I hope (that)you’ll be fine soon.
我希望你尽快康复。(4)主句省略
有时整个主句都可省略, 只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。
*—You all like the story?
——你们都喜欢这个故事?
—Yes, except that the conclusion is too hasty.
——是的, 只是结尾太仓促。3. 虚拟语气中的省略
(1)虚拟条件句常省略if, 而将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。
*Had you come here yesterday, you would have met her.
如果你昨天来这儿的话, 你就会见到她了。(2)在一坚持(insist), 二命令(order, command), 三建议(suggest, propose, advise), 四要求(demand, require, request, ask)等后的宾语从句中, 含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句, 以及It is strange/natural/necessary/important that. . . 从句中常省略should。*We insisted that they(should) go with us.
我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。
*It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.
有人建议我们去看这部电影。4. 动词不定式的省略
(1)有些动词(词组), 如want, wish, expect, hope, would like, try, forget等后面的不定式作宾语时, 为了避免重复, 可以省略动词只保留到to, 但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have, 这些动词就要保留。*The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to.
这个男孩想在街上骑自行车, 可他妈妈不同意。
*He is not the man he used to be.
他已经不是原来的那个样子了。(2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时, 第一个带to, 后面可以省去to; 但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时, 则to不可省略。
*His wish is to earn a lot of money and (to) buy his mother a big house. 他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。(3)感官动词(词组)see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch等和使役动词make, let, have等的后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to; 但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
*I saw him enter the room just now.
刚才我看见他进了房间。
*I didn’t know who made him cry.
我不知道谁把他惹哭了。(4)在某些句式中, 如介词but前有动词do的任何形式, 后面的不定式要省略to。
*I can do nothing but wait.
我能做的只有等待。5. 介词的省略
(1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略, 而只保留后面的动名词。如spend time/money(in)doing sth. ;
have difficulty/trouble(in)doing sth. ;
prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth. 。
*I have some trouble (in) learning English.
我学英语有困难。(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next, last, this, each, these, yesterday, every, tomorrow等词之前, 一般可省略。
*We have a final exam every term.
每学期我们举行一次期末考试。6. 替代性省略
英语中, 可以使用so, not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
*—Can I put my bike here?
我可以把自行车放在这儿吗?
—You’d better not. 你最好不要。【即学活用】
把下面句子变为省略句
(1)It is a beautiful day, isn’t it?
→____________, isn’t it? ?
(2)She was poor but she was honest.
→She was poor but ______. Beautiful dayhonest(3)—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.
→ —What do you think made Mary so upset?
—____________________. ?
(4)When it is seen from the plane, the houses look
like tiny toys.
→__________________, the houses look like tiny toys. ?Losing her new bicycleSeen from the plane(5)—Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I was going to come yesterday, but I had an
unexpected visitor.
→ —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday?
—I ___________, but I had an unexpected visitor. ?
(6)The man that/who/whom you visited last night is
my grandpa.
→The man __________last night is my grandpa. ?was going toyou visited(7)If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my
students.
→_______________, I would be strict with my
students. 世纪金榜导学号?
(8)My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I
didn’t want to go to college.
→My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I
_____________. ?Were I a teacherdidn’t want to(9)—Do you think he is a good student?
—I don’t think he is a good student.
→ —Do you think he is a good student?
—I ________. ?
(10)She was heard to sing last night.
→I _____________last night. ?think notheard her sing