(共20张PPT)
UNIT
3
THE
WORLD
OF
SCIENCE
Section
C Developing
ideas,
Presenting
ideas&
Reflection
题组练·领悟方法
核心词汇
词汇一
experiment
n.
实验；试验
v.
做试验；进行实验
◆教材原句
FRANKLIN’S
EXPERIMENT：How
Much
Is
True
富兰克林的实验：多少是真实的？
◆要点必记
（1）do/carry
out
an
experiment
做实验
laboratory
experiments
实验室实验
the
experiment
in
sth.
在某方面的尝试
（2）experiment
on
sth.
在某物上做实验
experiment
with
sth.
用某物做实验
◆误区警示
make
an
experiment
做实验（×）
◆单句写作
（1）
They_______
_______
_______
______
______
__________（进行了许多实验）to
test
the
theory.
（2）
Observe
carefully
if
any
change
occurs
when_________
___________（做实验）in
the
lab.
◆单句语法填空
（3）
The
teacher
provided
some
different
materials
and
left
the
children
______
___________
（experiment）.
（4）
Some
people
feel
that_______________（experiment）on
animals
is
wrong.
carried
out
a
lot
of
experiments
doing
experiments
to
experiment
experimenting
词汇二
attach
v.
系；绑；贴；固定；连接；附上
◆教材原句
A
metal
key
was
attached
to
the
string.
线上拴着一把金属钥匙。
◆要点必记
attach
（great/little）importance/significance/value
to
认为……（很有
/
几乎没有）重要性
/
意义
/
价值
attach...to...
把……固定在
/
附在……上
be
attached
to
喜欢；附属于……
◆误区警示
以上
attach
短语中的
to
均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
◆单句写作
（1）［2014·天津卷］My
parents
always_______
_______
_________
_______（非常重视）
my
getting
a
good
education.
（2）
he
school_______
_________
_______（附属于）Beijing
Normal
University.
（3）在申请表上附一张近照。
__________a
recent
photo_______
the
application
form.
◆单句语法填空
（4）
More
and
more
people
are
beginning
to
attach
importance__________（live）a
low-carbon
（低碳）life.
（5）With
a
label__________（attach）to
each
piece
of
luggage，it
is
easy
for
passengers
to
recognise
their
own
luggage.
（6）
To
be
honest，both
my
parents
attach
great
importance__________education.
attach
great
importance
to
is
attached
to
Attach
to
to
living
attached
to
词汇三
conduct
v.
传导（热、电）；执行，实施，进行；带领，引导；指挥
◆教材原句
...and
electricity
was
conducted
through
the
string
to
the
key.
……电通过线传到了钥匙上。
◆要点必记
conduct
an
experiment
进行实验
conduct
activities
开展活动
conduct
sb.
into
领某人进入……
conduct
sb.
through
领某人穿过……
conduct
an
orchestra
指挥管弦乐队
◆单句语法填空
（1）
Experiments
of
this
kind
__________________（conduct）
in
both
the
U.S.
and
Europe
well
before
the
Second
World
War.
（2）［2016·浙江卷］To
return
to
the
problem
of
water
pollution，I’d
like
you
to
look
at
a
study____________（conduct）in
Australia
in
2012.
（3）
The
violence_____________（conduct）by
the
strikers
has
a
bad
effect
on
the
local
economy.
◆单句写作
（4）
He___________
________
________（带领我们穿过）his
personal
gallery
of
the
American
Civil
War.
had
been
conducted
conducted
conducted
conducted
us
through
词汇四
approach
n.
接近，靠近；方法，方式；通路，路径
v.
接近，靠近；对付，处理
◆教材原句
More
than
one
generation
of
schoolchildren
has
been
amazed
by
his
bravery
and
his
scientific
approach
to
looking
for
the
truth.
不止一代学生对他的勇敢和他寻找真相的科学方法感到惊讶。
◆要点必记
（1）the
approach
of...
……的来临
/
临近
an
approach
to（doing）sth.
（做）某事的方法
/
方式
（to是介词）
adopt/take
an
approach
采用一种方法
the
approaches
to
the
airport
通往机场的道路
（2）approach
the
house
走近房子
see/hear
sb./sth.
approaching
看到
/
听到某人
/
某物接近
approach
the
problem/matter
处理问题
◆词语辨析
:
approach，way，means
与
method
用这种方法
做某事的方法
approach
\
the
approach
to
doing
sth.
way
in
this
way
the
way
to
do/of
doing
sth.
means
by
this
means
the
means
of
doing
sth.
method
with
this
method
the
method
of/for
doing
sth.
◆单句语法填空
（1）
The
detective
heard
footsteps______________（approach）.
（2）［词汇复现］The
best
approach
to__________（build）up
your
body
is
to
do
exercise
every
day.
（3）
However，there
are
also
some
problems__________
this
teaching
method.
（4）_______
this
way，we
can
get
along
with
each
other
happily
and
peacefully.
（5）
What
we
need
are
new
approaches__________
solving
the
problem.
◆单句写作
（6）［2019·天津卷］______
______
______
________
______（如果一个孩子走近他），
he
will
pause
to
give
that
child
his
undivided
attention.
（7）__________________________________________________（随着秋天的临近），it
gets
cooler
and
cooler.
（8）
The
school
has
decided
to_______
_______
________
_________（采用一种不同的方法）
to
discipline.
approaching
building
with
In
to
adopt
a
different
approach
With
the
approach
of
autumn/With
autumn
approaching
If
a
child
approaches
him
词汇五
along
with
与……一起
◆教材原句
Franklin，along
with
many
other
scientists，has
inspired
us
and
taught
us
that
scientific
experiments
are
important
in
order
to
establish
the
truth
and
to
contribute
towards
later
scientific
discoveries
and
inventions.
富兰克林和许多其他科学家启发并教导我们，科学实验对确立真
理和对后来的科学发现和发明作出贡献是重要的。
◆要点必记
along
with
意为“与……一起”，连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要和
along
with
前面的
主语的数保持一致。有类似用法的词还有
with，together
with，as
well
as，except，rather
than，including
等。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
Professor
Smith，along
with
his
assistants，_____________（work）on
the
project
day
and
night
to
meet
the
deadline.
（2）
My
father
along
with
his
workmates__________（have）already
gone
to
Beijing.
（3）
The
teacher
as
well
as
some
teenagers__________（visit）the
factory
now.
◆单句写作
（4）________
________（与……一起）the
letter
was
his
promise
that
he
would
visit
me
this
coming
Christmas.
（5）
In
recent
years
store
shopping
exists________
________（和……并存）home
shopping.
（6）
The
teacher，________
_______
（与……一起）a
lot
of
students，is
preparing
desserts
for
the
party.
is
working
has
is
visiting
Along
with
along
with
along
with
词汇六
establish
v.
（1）证实，确定
（2）建立，设立（=found）
◆要点必记
establish
the
cause
确定原因
establish
the
truth
确定事实，确立真理
establish
a
city/an
empire
建立一座城市
/
建立一个帝国
establish
relations/links/contact（with
sb./sth.）
（与某人
/
某物）建立联系
make
contact
with
sb.
与某人联络
establish
whether/if...
确定是否……
◆单句语法填空
（1）
He____________（establish）a
new
research
centre
in
Hefei
last
year.
（2）
Our
goal
is______________（establish）our
own
business
in
the
North.
◆单句写作
（3）
I
wondered
why
he
should
bother
to
try
and________
_______
_____（和……联络）me.
（4）
I
was
never
able
to________
____________（确定是否）she
was
telling
the
truth.
（5）
It
will
be
essential
to_________
_________（搞清楚如何）the
money
is
being
spent.
established
to
establish
make
contact
with
establish
whether/if
establish
how
词汇七
come
up
with
想出，提出（主意、答案等）
◆教材原句
Some
have
even
questioned
the
story
about
the
apple
that
fell
on
Newton’s
head
and
led
him
to
come
up
with
his
theory
of
gravity.
有些人甚至质疑关于苹果落在牛顿头上，并促使他提出万有引力理论的故事。
◆要点必记
come
up
with
an
idea
想出一个主意
come
up
with
a
plan
提出一个计划
◆误区警示
come
up
with
的主语是人或组织，with
后是提出的内容；come
up
意为“被提出”，主语是被
提出的内容，不能用于被动语态。
◆归纳拓展
end
up
with
以……结束
catch
up
with
赶上
keep
up
with
跟上，赶上
put
up
with
容忍
◆单句写作
（1）
Although
against
my
opinion，the
old
professor
didn’t_______
______
_______
（提出）
his
own.
（2）
I
can’t_______
_______
_____（想出）
any
more
ideas
right
now.
（3）
I
can_______
_______
_______（忍受）the
house
being
untidy，but
I
hate
it
if
it’s
not
clean.
（4）
Smell
the
flowers
before
you
go
to
sleep，and
you
may
just_______
______
______sweet
dreams.（睡觉之前闻闻这些花，你就会进入甜美的梦乡。）
◆选词填空（come
up/come
up
with）
（5）In
the
discussion，Jack_______________an
idea
that
they
should
bring
down
the
price
of
the
bicycles.
（6）The
question
of
getting
new
uniforms____________at
the
meeting.
come
up
with
come
up
with
put
up
with
end
up
with
came
up
with
came
up
词汇八
account
（1）n.
描述，叙述，说明；账户；账目
（2）vi.
解释，说明；（在数量、比例方面）占
◆教材原句
In
fact，more
than
one
account
suggests...
事实上，不止一种记述表明……
◆要点必记
give
sb.
a（n）（full）account
of
向某人（详细）
描述……
account
for
是……的原因，解释；（在数量和比例上）占
open/close
an
account
开立
/
结清账户
on
all
accounts
无论如何
on
account
of
因为，由于
take...into
account（＝
take
account
of）考虑到，顾及
on
no
account
决不（在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）
◆单句写作
（1）［2019·
湖
北
襄
阳
四
校
高
一
期
中］The
poor
weather
may
have
_________
_______
（是……的原因）the
increase
in
the
number
of
people
who
cough
day
and
night.
（2）
I_______
______
_______
_______（开立银行账户）after
I
made
＄1，000
by
doing
a
part-time
job
during
the
summer
vacation.
（3）
These
products_______
_______（占）about
80%
of
all
our
sales.
（4）
He
was
too
shocked
to________
______
__________
_____（描述）
what
had
happened.
accounted
for
opened
a
bank
account
account
for
give
an
account
of
重点句式
句式一
及物动词
+
sb.
+
介词
+
the
+
身体部位
◆教材原句
...there
is
no
proof
that
it
hit
him
on
the
head.
……没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。
◆要点必记
（1）touch/pat/tap/hit/beat/strike/slap/shoot
sb.
+
in
the
+
face/stomach/eye/leg
（较软或下凹
的部位）
on
the
+
back/head/nose/shoulder
（较硬或上
凸的部位）
（2）pull/take/catch/grasp/seize/lead
sb.
by
the
+
hand/beard/arm（可拉出的部位）
◆误区警示
“及物动词
+sb.
+
介词
+the+
身体部位”
结构中的定冠词
the
不能用其他限定词代替。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
To
his
surprise，she
hit
him________
the
head
with
her
umbrella.
（2）
A
brick
fell
off
the
building，striking
him
on________
head.
（3）
The
old
man
was
so
angry
that
he
slapped
the
bad
man__________
the
face.
（4）［2015·陕西卷］The
little
pupil
took
his
grandma__________
the
arm
and
walked
her
across
the
street.
◆单句写作
（5）
In
Thailand
you
mustn’t_______
_______
_______
_______
_______（碰别人的头
部），even
by
accident.
（6）
In
that
battle，the
soldier_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
______（被击中
右腿）.
on
the
in
by
touch
others
on
the
head
was
shot
in
the
right
leg(共30张PPT)
UNIT
3
THE
WORLD
OF
SCIENCE
Section
B Using
Language
核心词汇
词汇一
beyond
prep.
无法……；超出（某个数量、水平或限度）；晚于，迟于
◆教材原句
Within
the
next
80
years，our
lives
may
be
changed
beyond
recognition
by
3D
printing.
在未来的80
年里，我们的生活可能会被3D
打印改变得无法辨认。
◆要点必记
beyond
repair/control/belief
无法修理
/
控制
/
相信
beyond
description
无法形容，难以描述
beyond
recognition
变得认不出来
beyond
one’s
power
超出某人的能力
beyond
one’s
reach
在某人够不着的地方
beyond
compare
无与伦比
题组练·领悟方法
◆单句写作
（1）
Scott’s
equipment
was
damaged________
________（无法修理）.
（2）
The
scenery
there
was________
_________
__________（美得无法形容）.
（3）
The
town________
________
__________
__________（已经变得让人认不出来了）
since
I
was
last
here.
（4）
Tonight’s
performance
has
been
cancelled
due
to
circumstances
_______
_______
______
（我们无法控制）.
（5）
Some
shops
keep
open_______
___________（到午夜以后）.
beyond
repair
beautiful
beyond
description
has
changed
beyond
recognition
beyond
our
control
beyond
midnight
词汇二
significant
adj.
重要的，影响深远的
◆教材原句
But
perhaps
the
most
significant
success
that
people
have
achieved
to
date
is
in
medicine.
但或许迄今为止，人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医药领域。
◆要点必记
（1）be
significant=be
of
significance
重要的
It
is
significant
that...
……很重要。
（2）attach
great/little
importance/significance
认为……很有
/
几乎没有重要性
the
significance
of……的重要性
◆单词积累
significance
n.
重要性，意义
◆单句语法填空
（1）
The
discovery
is
of____________（significant），as
it
will
help
us
realize
what
really
happened
in
that
area
2，000
years
ago.
◆单句写作
（2）_______
_______
___________
_______（
……
很重要）all
the
people
are
treated
equally.
（3）
A
theory，however
good
it
is，is______
______
_________
（没有意义）without
being
put
into
practice.
（4）［2019·江苏省徐州市高一期中］________
__________
______（……的重要性）
constructing
a
village
on
the
moon
lies
in
the
fact
that
it
will
help
humans
to
explore
the
solar
system
further.
significance
It
is
significant
that
of
no
significance
The
significance
of
词汇三
injure
v.
使受伤，弄伤
◆教材原句
...people
have
given
a
new
3D-printed
shell
to
a
turtle
injured
in
a
forest
fire!
……
人们给一只在森林大火中受伤的乌龟一个新的
3D
打印外壳！
◆要点必记
injure
sb./sth./oneself
使某人/某物/自己受伤
injure
one’s
pride/feelings
伤害某人的自尊/情感
◆词语辨析
injure，hurt
与
wound
·injure
尤指在事故中伤害、使受伤。
·hurt
指弄伤、（使）疼痛。
·wound
尤指用刀、枪等武器伤害。
◆单词积累
injured
adj.
受伤的
injury
n.
伤害；损伤；受伤处
◆单句语法填空
（1）［2017·全国Ⅰ卷］Trying
to
help__________（injure），displaced
or
sick
creatures
can
be
heartbreaking；survival
is
never
certain.
（2）
In
the
traffic
accident
ten
were
killed
and
eight
were__________（injure）.
◆选词填空（injure/hurt/wound）
（3）
You
should
make
an
apology
to
my
sister
because
what
you
said
__________her
feelings.
（4）
The
bullet__________
one
of
the
brave
soldiers
in
the
shoulder.
（5）
Tom__________
his
legs
in
a
skating
accident.
injured
injured
hurt
wounded
injured
词汇四
minor
adj.
小的，不很重要的，不很严重的
v.
辅修
◆教材原句
A
mountain
on
the
Moon
and
a
minor
planet
are
named
after
him.
月球上的一座山和一颗小行星都是以他的名字命名的。
◆要点必记
（1）a
minor
road
小路
minor
injuries
轻伤
minor
in
辅修……
（2）a
minority
of
少数……
be
in
the/a
minority
占少数
◆单词积累
major
adj.
重要的
minor
adj.
次要的
majority
n.
多数
minority
n.
少数;少数民族
-ity
-ity
反义词
◆单句语法填空
（1）
I
major
in
English
literature，and
minor_______
French.
（2）
Only
a__________（minor）of
British
households
do
not
have
a
car.
（3）
Boys
are
very
much________
the
minority
at
the
dance
class.
◆单句写作
（4）
Most
of
the
people
turned
their
back
to
him，only_______
________
______
________
（少数人）
gave
him
a
hand.
in
minority
in
a
minority
of
people
词汇五
origin
n.
起源，起因，出身
◆教材原句
...On
the
Origin
of
Species，in
which
he
explains
changes
in
species
due
to
natural
selection
.
……在《物种起源》一书中，他解释了物种因自然选择而发生的变化。
◆要点必记
have
one’s
origin（s）in
起源于
in
origin
在来源上；在血统上
by
origin
从出身上说
the
original
plan
原先的计划
◆单词积累
original
adj.
原来的，起初的
◆单句语法填空
（1）As
the
Olympics
have
the
origin
________ancient
Greece
so
does
one
aspect
of
my
proposal.
（2）
After
much
discussion
they
settled
on
the
plan__________（original）
proposed.
（3）［2019·江苏省扬州市高一期末］The
tea-picking
opera____________（original）
developed
from
the
tea-growing
regions
in
Jiangxi
where
the
tea
pickers
would
sing
songs
while
working.
◆单句写作
（4）When
we
think
about_______
________
_______
_______（生命的起源），there
are
two
ways
to
follow.
（5）He
was
not
English—he
was______
________（从出身上说）a
Frenchman.
in
originally
originally
the
origin
of
life
by
origin
词汇六
due
to
因为，由于
◆用法辨析
·due
to
较正式用语，常用于官方通告和公开声明中，可以直接作表语，也常作状语，一
般不放在句首。
·owing
to
常作状语和表语。
·because
of
常作状语。
·thanks
to
通常作状语，常指好的方面。
◆选词填空（due
to/owing
to/because
of/thanks
to）
（1）［词汇复现］He
was
out
of
work___________________________a
physical
injury.
（2）
Most
of
the
problems
were_________________
human
error.
（3）［词汇复现］_______________________________
your
help，I
got
the
position
advertised
in
the
newspaper.
（4）［2016·北京卷］The
town
was
cut
off
from
the
rest
of
the
world
_______________________
heavy
snow.
due
to/owing
to/because
of
Thanks
to/Owing
to/Because
of
due
to/owing
to
due
to/owing
to/because
of
词汇七
extraordinary
adj.
不同平常的
◆教材原句
...and
was
first
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
1903
for
her
extraordinary
work
on
radioactivity.
……1903
年，她因在放射性方面的杰出工作首次获得诺贝尔奖。
◆要点必记
extraordinary
patience
非凡的耐心
an
extraordinary
memory
非凡的记忆力
extraordinary
success
非凡的成功
a
thing
extraordinary
一件与众不同的事
It
is/was
extraordinary
that...……实属罕见。
◆单词积累
extra-（超出）+ordinary（普通的，平凡的）
→
extraordinary
adj.
不平常的，非凡的
◆单句写作
（1）The
task
requires___________
___________（非凡的耐心）and
strength.
（2）The
child
possesses（拥有）______
_____________
________（非凡的记忆力）—he
can
remember
so
many
stories.
（3）平凡的人获得非凡的成功——你也可以！
________
________
________
____________
_______
—you
can
too!
（4）真想不到他竟然掌管这么一家大公司。
_______
________________that
he
should
take
charge
of
such
a
big
company.
（5）使这本书如此与众不同的是作者具有的创造性的想象力。
What
makes
the
book________
____________
is
the
creative
imagination
of
the
writer.
extraordinary
patience
an
extraordinary
memory
Ordinary
people
attain
extraordinary
success
It’s
extraordinary
so
extraordinary
词汇八
brilliant
adj.
聪颖的，才华横溢的；明亮的；灿烂的；杰出的，极好的；很成功的
◆教材原句
She
was
also
regarded
as
a
brilliant
physicist，and
was
again
awarded
the
Nobel
Prize
in
1911
for
the
isolation
of
pure
radium.
她还被认为是一位杰出的物理学家，并且在
1911
年因分离出纯镭而再次获得诺贝尔奖。
◆要点必记
a
brilliant
success
巨大的成功
brilliant
sunshine
灿烂的阳光
a
brilliant
plan
绝妙的计划
a
brilliant
musician
才华横溢的音乐家
◆单词积累
brilliant
adj.
→
brilliantly
adv.
出色地
；灿烂地
◆单句语法填空
（1）Our
teacher
told
us
it
was
a___________（brilliant）written
book.
◆单句写作
（2）
He
made
his
way
to
the
lake________
________
________
_________
_______（在一个
阳光明媚的日子）.
（3）
The
project
was_______
_________
_________（非常成功）.
（4）_______
________
__________（这名聪颖的侦探）found
the
strong
evidence
in
the
end.
brilliantly
on
a
brilliantly
sunny
day
a
brilliant
success
The
brilliant
detective
词汇九
cure
vt.
治好（疾病）；治愈
n.
疗法
◆教材原句
Currently，there’s
no
cure
for
Alzheimer’s...
目前还没有治愈阿尔茨海默病的方法……
◆要点必记
cure
sb.
of
sth.
治愈某人的疾病；矫正
/
改正某人的不良行为
a
cure
for……的治疗方法
◆误区警示
cure
强调“治愈”这一结果，而
treat
强调治疗的过程。cure
用作动词，其后跟
sb.
of
sth.
或直
接跟
sth.
作宾语。
◆学法点拨
与
cure
sb.
of
sth.
类似的结构：
rob
sb.
of
sth.
抢劫某人某物
remind
sb.
of
sth.
提醒某人某事
inform
sb.
of
sth.
通知某人某事
cheat
sb.
of
sth.
欺骗某人某事
warn
sb.
of
sth.
警告某人某事
accuse
sb.
of
sth.
控告某人某事
◆单句写作
（1）The
doctor
________
_______
_______
_______
________（治好了他的头痛）.
（2）The
best________（解决方法）for
boredom（无聊）is
hard
work.
（3）The
doctor________
me________（治愈某人的……病）my
illness
at
last，and
I
was
very
thankful
to
him.
（4）［2016·全国Ⅲ卷］Confucius
believed
knives
would__________
people
________
（让……想起）killings
and
were
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
◆选词填空（treat/cure）
（5）
The
dentist__________
my
teeth，but
he
didn’t__________
them.
cured
him
of
his
headache
cure
cured
of
remind
of
treated
cure
重点句式
句式一
强调句型：It
is/was+
被强调部分
+that+
其他部分
.
◆教材原句
And
it
is
not
just
humans
who
are
benefiting...
受益的不仅仅是人类……
◆要点必记
强调句型的结构：It
is/was+
被强调部分
+
that+
其他部分.。如果被强调部分指人，可用who
代替that。该句型可强调主语、宾语、状语等，但不能强调谓语。
◆误区警示
（1）强调句型中的
it
不能用其他词代替；
（2）用
is
还是
was
要根据原句的时态而定：属于现在或将来时间范畴的所有时态用is；属
于过去时间范畴的所有时态用was；
（3）被强调部分指人时，可以用
who
代替
that，其他情况一律用
that。
◆学法点拨
判断句子是否为强调句型的方法：去掉it
is/was
与
that/who，剩余部分若结构完整、句意明
确，则为强调句型，否则就不是。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
It
was
when
I
got
back
to
my
apartment
________I
first
came
across
my
new
neighbors.
（2）
You
are
waiting
at
a
wrong
place.
It
is
at
the
hotel________
the
coach
picks
up
tourists.
（3）________
is
my
father
that/who
will
have
a
face-to-face
talk
with
me.
◆用强调句型改写
My
grandpa
walked
the
dog
in
the
street
yesterday.
（4）
→
_______________________
walked
the
dog
in
the
street
yesterday.
（强调主语）
（5）
→____________________
my
grandpa
walked
the
dog
in
the
street.（强调时间状语）
（6）
→____________________
my
grandpa
walked
the
dog
yesterday.（强调地点状语）
that
that
It
It
was
my
grandpa
that/who
It
was
yesterday
that
It
was
in
the
street
that
单元语法
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态
1.
构成
肯定式：have/has
+
been
done
否定式：have/has
not
+
been
done
一
般
疑
问
式：Have/Has
+
主
语
+
been
done
特殊疑问式：疑问词
+
have/has（+
主语）+
been
done
2.用法
（1）表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，
通常与
already，yet，just，never，recently
等副词连用。
（2）表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与for或
since
引出的时间
状语连用，或用于how
long
引出的句子中。
（3）用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的被动动作，即用现在完成时的被动语
态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
◆学法点拨
常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语：
already
已经
yet
已经
recently/lately
最近
since
then
从那时起
ever
since
自那以来
ever
曾经
so
far
迄今为止
for
a
long
time
很长一段时间
by
now
到现在为止
in
recent
years
在最近几年里
in/during/over
the
past/last
few
years
在过去的几年里
3.
注意事项
（1）与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
动作发生的
时间
对现在有无
影响
一般过去时的被动
语态
过去
无
现在完成时的被动语态
过去
有
（2）borrow，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join
等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动
语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，需要改变动词或时态。
非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与
since
或
for
引出的时间状语连用。
这本书借了一周了。
The
book
has
been
borrowed
for
a
week.
（×）
The
book
has
been
kept
for
a
week.
（√）
这个工程已经开始多久了？
How
long
has
this
project
been
started （×）
How
long
ago
was
this
project
started （√）
（3）带有双宾语的动词，如
give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，
sing，write，sell，buy，lend，offer，hand，pass，get
等，变为被动语态
时，一般是把指人的间接宾语变为主语。如果将直接宾语变为被动句的主
语，间接宾语前要加
to
或
for。
（4）带有复合宾语（宾语
+
宾语补足语）的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变
为主语，原来的宾语补足语保持不变。主动语态中不带
to
的不定式作宾补，
在被动语态中要加上
to。
（5）短语动词变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，不可漏掉动词后面原有的
介词或副词。此类短语动词有：
①
动词
+
介词
refer
to，look
after，call
on，rely
on，look
for，look
at，listen
to，dream
of，meet
with，laugh
at，result
in，wait
for，deal
with，operate
on
②动词
+
名词+
介词
pay
attention
to，make
use
of，take
part
in，keep
an
eye
on，
make
fun
of，catch
sight
of，set
fire
to，take
a
note
of，take
care
of
③
动词+
副词
turn
on，turn
off，carry
on，carry
out，think
over，make
up，set
up，
put
down，hand
in，point
out，call
up
◆练习一
单句语法填空
（1）Their
new
house_____________________（decorate）for
two
months
and
they
will
settle
in
it
in
the
near
future.
（2）Their
new
cars____________________（advertise）on
the
Internet
for
a
long
time.
（3）All
the
athletes___________________（select）from
millions
of
people
all
over
the
country
in
the
past
two
months.
（4）A
new
library
and
a
gymnasium
in
our
school_______________（set）up
so
far
and
they
will
be
put
into
use
very
soon.
（5）A
great
many
machines____________________（produce）by
the
factory
since
the
technological
revolution.
（6）Great
changes_____________（take）place
in
my
hometown
and
a
lot
of
factories_______________（set）up
in
the
past
ten
years.
（7）Every
possible
means______________（try）to
save
the
wounded
soldier
up
to
now.
has
been
decorated
have
been
advertised
have
been
selected
have
been
set
have
been
produced
have
taken
have
been
set
has
been
tried
（8）How
many
suggestions__________________（give）to
you
so
far
（9）I
can’t
see
any
coffee
in
this
cupboard.__________
it
all______________（finish）
（10）
All
the
preparations
for
the
task________________（make），and
we’re
ready
to
start.
（11）
In
the
last
few
years
thousands
of
films___________________（produce）all
over
the
world.
（12）［2015·天津卷］Despite
the
previous
rounds
of
talks，no
agreement
_______________
_
（reach）so
far
by
the
two
sides.
（13）
I
got
caught
in
the
rain
and
my
suit________________（ruin）.
（14）
We
can’t
go
on
with
the
experiment
because
the
computer____________________（not
repair）.
have
been
given
Has
been
finished
have
been
made
have
been
produced
has
been
reached
has
been
ruined
hasn’t
been
repaired
◆练习二
将下列句子改为被动语态
（1）
They
have
just
connected
the
printer
to
the
computer.
→____________________________________________________
（2）
We
have
planted
many
trees
on
the
hill
in
the
last
five
years.
→
_______________________________________________________________
（3）
Tom
hasn’t
sold
out
all
the
magazines.
→___________________________________________________
（4）
Have
you
found
ways
to
make
waste
water
clean
→
___________________________________________________
（5）She
has
already
returned
this
book
to
the
library.
→
___________________________________________________
The
printer
has
just
been
connected
to
the
computer（by
them）.
Many
trees
have
been
planted
on
the
hill
in
the
last
five
years（by
us）.
All
the
magazines
have
not
been
sold
out（by
Tom）.
Have
ways
been
found
to
make
waste
water
clean（by
you）
This
book
has
already
been
returned
to
the
library（by
her）.
（6）
He
has
sent
me
an
e-mail.
→
___________________________________________________
→
___________________________________________________
（7）
We
have
seen
him
lie
on
the
ground.
→___________________________________________________
（8）
Jane
has
referred
to
the
book.
→___________________________________________________
（9）
Tom
has
paid
much
attention
to
his
handwriting.
→
___________________________________________________
→
___________________________________________________
（10）
They
have
put
out
the
big
fire.
→___________________________________________________
I
have
been
sent
an
e-mail（by
him）.
An
e-mail
has
been
sent
to
me（by
him）.
He
has
been
seen
to
lie
on
the
ground（by
us）.
The
book
has
been
referred
to（by
Jane）.
Much
attention
has
been
paid
to
Tom’s
handwriting.
Tom’s
handwriting
has
been
paid
much
attention
to.
The
big
fire
has
been
put
out（by
them）.
练习三
单句写作
（1）
The
boys
_______
________
_______
_______
_______（已经被多次告知）not
to
swim
in
that
lake，but
it
doesn’t
make
any
difference.
（2）
We
are
glad
to
be
told
that
Li
Tao______
_______
_______
_______
______
_________
（已经被复旦大学录取）for
his
top
scores.
（3）
With
the
help
of
high
technology，more
and
more
new
substances
____
____
_________
（被发现）in
the
past
few
years.
（4）
When
and
where
to
go
for
the
on-salary
holiday_______
_______
_______
_________（没
有确定）yet.
（5）
Though
we
don’t
know
what
was
discussed，yet
we
can
feel
the
topic
____
____
________
（已经被改变了）.
have
been
told
many
times
has
been
admitted
to
Fudan
University
have
been
discovered
has
not
been
decided
has
been
changed
（6）
This
book_______
______
______
________（没有人借过）
since
last
week.
（7）
He_______
______
_______（已被挑选出来）to
take
part
in
the
sports
meeting.
（8）
The
ink______
_______
______
_________
______
（还没有从……上去掉）
the
clothes.
（9）________
your
computer
just_______
_______（被侵袭）by
a
virus
（10）
Financial
problems
of
the
company________
_______
_________（已被讨论了）
for
nearly
two
hours.
has
not
been
borrowed
has
been
selected
has
not
been
removed
from
Has
been
attacked
have
been
discussed(共20张PPT)
UNIT
3
The
world
of
science
Section
A Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
题组练·领悟方法
核心词汇
词汇一
press
（1）v.
按，压；催促，敦促
（2）n.
新闻界；新闻报道
◆教材原句
Presently
I
am
going
to
press
the
lever，and
off
the
machine
will
go.
现在我要按一下操纵杆，机器就开动了。
◆要点必记
（1）press...
against...
把……贴在……上
press
sb.
to
do
sth.
催促某人做某事
（2）under
pressure
处于压力下
relieve/reduce
pressure
减轻压力
put
pressure
on
sb.
向某人施压
blood
pressure
血压
◆单词积累
pressure
n.
压力；劝说，强迫
◆单句语法填空
（1）
Michael
took
a
few
steps
backwards
and
pressed
his
back__________
the
wall.
（2）
They
are
pressing
us__________（make）
a
quick
decision.
（3）
In
recent
years，stress
has
been
regarded
as
a
cause
of
a
whole
range
of
medical
problems，from
high
blood__________（press）to
mental
illness.
◆单句写作
（4）I’m_______
________（处于压力下）from
my
parents
to
become
a
teacher.
（5）The
company
may
have________
__________
_______
________（向她施加压力）
to
agree.
against
to
make
pressure
under
pressure
put
pressure
on
her
词汇二
shoot
v.
射出（光、亮等），放射；射杀，射伤
◆教材原句
A
faint
blue
light
shot
across
it，darkening
to
purple，and
presently
she
could
see
the
image
of
her
son，
who
lived
on
the
other
side
of
the
earth，and
he
could
see
her.
一道微弱的蓝光射过它，暗到紫色，不
一会儿她就能看见她儿子的影像，他住在地球的另一边，他也能看见她。
◆要点必记
（1）shoot
sb.
in
the
leg/head
射中某人的腿/头
shoot
at
向……射击（表示动作，不一定射中）
shoot
sb.
dead
开枪打死某人
（2）take
a
shot
at
对……射击
take
a
shot
of
给……拍照
◆图解辨异
shoot
at/shoot
◆单句语法填空
（1）
He
ordered
her
to
shoot
_______the
apple
with
one
of
her
arrows.
（2）
The
cruel
man
took
a________（shoot）at
the
camel，but
missed.
（3）
The
murderer
shot
the
expert
in_______
back
and
stole
the
diamond
from
his
suitcase.
（4）
I
took_______
shot
of
the
beautiful
scenery
in
the
desert.
◆单句写作
（5）
As
the
birds
rise，the
hunters________
_______
______（向它们射击）.
（6）
He
admitted
that
he
had_______
______
______
_____
______
______（打中了熊的腿）.
（7）
I______
______
______
______
_______
______（射门）when
I
was
open.
at
shot
the
a
shoot
at
them
shot
the
bear
in
the
leg
took
a
shot
at
the
goal
词汇三
as
well
as
以及，也，还
◆教材原句
For
example，advances
in
virtual
reality
and
wearable
tech，as
well
as
the
flexible
battery，mean
we
should
soon
be
seeing
further
developments.
例如，虚拟现实、
可穿戴技术以及柔性电池的
进步，意味着我们应该很快就能看到进一步的发展。
◆要点必记
（1）A
as
well
as
B（A
和
B
所作的句子成分相同）
（2）as
well
as
+v.
-ing；As
well
as...=
In
addition
to.../Besides...
（3）to
do...as
well
as
do...
◆学法点拨
（1）A
as
well
as
B
强调
A，作主语时，谓语动词与A
的单复数保持一致。
（2）not
only
A
but（also）B
强调
B，作主语时，谓语动词与
B
的单复数保持一致。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
As
well
as
__________
（play）the
piano，the
actress
can
sing
well.
（2）
You
cannot
expect
her
to
do
the
housework
as
well
as__________（educate）
the
children.
（3）［词汇复现］Helen
as
well
as
I______（be）eager
to
read
the
adventure
stories.
（4）［词汇复现］I
as
well
as
they_______（be）unable
to
recognise
our
old
teacher.
（5）［词汇复现］Not
only
I
but
also
Mary________（make）a
living
by
teaching.
◆单句写作
（6）
Electric
energy
can
be
changed
into
light
energy______
________
________
_______（也
可转化成）sound
energy.
（7）
玛丽和我都填写了一张表格。
________________________________________________________________________
playing
educate
is
am
makes
as
well
as
into
Mary
as
well
as
I
has
filled
out
a
form./Not
only
I
but
also
Mary
has
filled
out
a
form.
词汇四
in
addition
除此之外，另外
◆教材原句
In
addition，important
advances
have
been
made
in
medicine
and
environmental
science
thanks
to
increasing
computer
power.
此外，由于计算机能力的提高，医
学和环境科学也取得了重大进展。
◆要点必记
in
addition
可用于句首、句中或句末，用于句首或句中时，通常用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。
◆词语辨析
in
addition
与
in
addition
to
·in
addition“除此之外，另外”，是副词短语，单独作状语。
·in
addition
to“除……之外（还）”，是介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。
◆选词填空（in
addition/in
addition
to）
（1）
I
can
post
the
letter
for
you.
_____________，doing
some
walking
does
me
good.
（2）______________
the
names
on
the
list，there
are
six
other
applicants.
（3）________________
the
school，the
village
has
a
clinic，which
was
also
built
with
government
support.
◆单句写作
（4）
The
products
are
of
high
quality._________
_________（另
外），the
price
is
low.
（5）________
________
_________
________（
除
了
游
泳），she
likes
playing
the
guitar.
In
addition
In
addition
to
In
addition
to
In
addition
In
addition
to
swimming
词汇五
in
terms
of
根据，依照；就……而言，在……方面
◆教材原句
In
terms
of
the
environment，it
is
now
possible
to
create
an
intelligent
walking
house.
在环境方面，现在有可能创造一个
智能步行屋。
◆要点必记
describe/measure/evaluate
sth.
in
terms
of
sth.
根据……描述
/
衡量
/
评价……
be
on
good/bad
terms
（with
sb.）
（与某人）关系好
/
不好
in
the
long/short
term
从长期
/
短期来看
◆单句语法填空
（1）________
terms
of
environmental
protection，he
governed
this
region
very
well.
（2）
Learning
is
not
always
easy，but
it
is
always
good_______
the
long
term.
◆单句写作
（3）
You
can
choose
landscapes
or
paintings_______
________
________（根据）
your
own
taste.
（4）______
_______
_______
_______（从长远来看），the
agreement
will
have
a
great
influence
on
us.
（5）They
have_______
_______
________
________
_______（与……关系好）their
neighbours
ever
since
they
moved
there.
In
in
in
terms
of
In
the
long
term
been
on
good
terms
with
词汇六
capable
adj.
有能力的
◆教材原句
It
is
capable
of
using
GPS
technology
to
travel
to
different
places，with
computing
technology
controlling
its“legs”.
它能够使用
GPS
技术到不同的地方旅行，通过计算技术控制它的“腿”。
◆要点必记
be
capable
of
doing
sth.
有能力做某事
◆单句写作
（1）［词汇复现］Actually，we______
_________
________
__________（有
能力阻止）the
disease
from
spreading.
（2）
The
company
isn’t_______
________（能）dealing
with
an
order
that
large.
capable
of
are
capable
of
preventing
词汇七
lead
to
导致，造成；通向，通往
◆教材原句
Now，reduced
energy
supplies
and
environmental
pollution
have
led
to
more
advances
in
the
technology
of
new
energy
vehicles.
现在，能源供应的减少和环境污染导致了新能源汽车技术的更大进步。
◆要点必记
lead
to
the
traffic
accident
导致交通事故
lead
to
health
problems
造成健康问题
lead
to
the
top
of
the
hill
通到山顶
◆归纳拓展
“导致，引起”的多种表达：result
in，bring
about，contribute
to
◆写出
lead
to
在句中的意思
（1）
Some
people
fear
that
air
pollution
may
lead
to
changes
in
the
climate
around
the
world.__________
（2）
All
roads
lead
to
Rome.____________
◆单句写作
（3）
War
never
settles
anything.
It
only________
________
________（导致暴力）.
（4）
As
we
all
know，bad
eating
habits
and
a
lack
of
exercise
may____
___
_____
______
（造成健康问题）.
（5）
It
doesn’t
matter
whether
you
turn
right
or
left
at
the
crossing—both
roads_____
___
____
_____
（通向公园）.
导致
通向
leads
to
violence
lead
to
health
problems
the
park
lead
to
词汇八
desire
n.
欲望，渴望
v.
渴望，期望
◆教材原句
But
what
remains
important
is
that
we
have
an
incredible
desire
to
think
and
create，and
that’s
the
real
spirit
of
invention
.
但仍然重要的是，我们有不可思议的渴望去思考和创造，这才是真正的发明精神。
◆要点必记
（have）a
desire
to
do
（有）做……
的渴望
for
desire
to
do...
渴望做……
◆误区警示
desire
后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should+动词原
形”，should
可以省略。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
Fashion
is
a
competitive
and
hard
business
where
people’s
desire
________new
ideas
is
hard
to
satisfy.
（2）
It
was
desired
that
the
expert_______________（come）at
once.
◆单句写作
（3）
I________
_______
________
_______
________
_______
______
（不想惹任何麻烦）.
for
（should）come
have
no
desire
to
cause
any
trouble
句式一
There
have/has
been
...（there
be句型的现在完成时）
◆教材原句
There
have
been
golden
ages
of
invention
throughout
history.
历史上曾有发明的黄金时代。
◆要点必记
there
be
句型可以用于多种时态，基本结构是“there+be
的各种时态”。
（1）一般现在时：
There
is
a
map
of
China
on
the
wall.
墙上有一张中国地图。
（2）一般将来时：There
is
going
to
be
rain
soon
.
天马上就要下雨了。
There
will
be
thousands
of
football
fans
in
London
next
month.
下个月伦敦将有成千上万的足球迷。
（3）一般过去时：There
were
some
children
swimming
in
the
river.
有些小孩在河里
游泳。
（4）过去将来时：There
would
be
endless
rows
if
I
was
at
home.
如果我在家会有吵不完的架。
（5）现在完成时：There
have
been
two
shops
and
a
hospital
here.
这里已经有两家商店和一家医院了。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
There__________（be）a
building
at
the
corner.
（2）
There________________（be）a
plan
for
the
project
tomorrow.
（3）
There__________（be）going
to
be
a
film
in
our
school
this
weekend.
（4）
There__________（be）a
third
reason
for
haste.
（5）
There__________（be）a
rich
man
in
the
village.
（6）
The
teacher
said
there_______________（be）a
football
match
on
TV
this
evening.
（7）
There_____________（be）many
such
accidents
this
year.
（8）
There____________（be）lots
of
complaints
about
the
boys，but
none
about
the
smoke.
（9）
There__________（be）no
need
arguing
about
this
matter.
is
will/is
going
to
be
is
is/was
was/is
would
be
have
been
were/are
is
句式二
with
复合结构
◆教材原句
It
is
capable
of
using
GPS
technology
to
travel
to
different
places，with
computing
technology
controlling
its
“legs”.
它能够使用
GPS
技术到不同的地方旅行，通过计算技术控制它的“腿”。
◆要点必记
with
复合结构：with+
宾语
+
宾补，常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件
或伴随等。具体形式主要有：
（1）with
+
宾语
+
现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）
（2）with
+
宾语
+
过去分词（表示被动或完成）
（3）with+
宾语
+
动词不定式（表示尚未发生）
（4）with
+
宾语
+
形容词
（5）with
+
宾语+
副词
（6）with+
宾语+
介词短语
◆学法点拨
with
复合结构在句中还可作定语。
◆单句语法填空
（1）
With
all
the
work
_______（finish），they
hurried
back
home
for
lunch.
（2）
With
a
lot
of
problems__________（settle），I
can’t
go
skating
with
you.
（3）
The
manager
came
in
with
his
assistant__________（follow）him.
（4）
A
young
lady
came
up
to
me_______
some
literature
books
in
her
hand.
（5）
The
old
man
walked
in
with
a
stick______
his
hand.
◆单句写作
（6）____
____
_____
_____
___
____
____（有这么多事情需要处理），I
can’t
go
on
holiday.
（7）
Do
you
know
the
lady_____
_____
______
_______
______
_____（怀里抱着一个婴儿）
（8）
We
completely
solved
the
problem______
_______
________
_______
_______（很多科学
的方法被使用）.
finished
to
settle
following
with
in
with
many
scientific
methods
used
with
a
baby
in
her
arms
With
so
many
things
to
deal
with
