2020年高中英语二轮复习非谓语动词专题---动词不定式完全解析与提升训练（含答案）

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高中英语一轮复习非谓语动词专题---动词不定式完全解析与提升训练

不定式的常见功能
动名词具有名词、形容词、副词的作用，因而其能在句子中作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语、状语。
①不定式作主语
不定式作主语相当于名词或代词的作用。用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一个具体的、特定的行为，其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。不定式作主语通常用it作形式主语，而将不定式后置。
To learn English well is very difficult.
=It is very difficult to learn English well.
②不定式作宾语
作动词的宾语
不定式一般作动词的宾语。如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将正的宾语后置。
I happen to know the answers to your questions.
I find it impossible to change her idea.
常见只能跟动词不定式作宾语的（短语）动词
afford负担得起 agree同意 decide决定 determine决定
expect期望 hope希望 manage设法做 refuse拒绝
want想要 believe相信 wish希望 offer主动做
pretend假装 intend打算 promise答应 mean打算
prepare准备 ask叫、让做 prove证明 fail失败
作介词的宾语
不定式一般不作介词的宾语，而是需要加上疑问词，但except，but等介词后也可直接用动词不定式作宾语。
I’m worried about how to pass the exam.
He has no choice but to leave.
③ 不定式作宾语补足语
大多数及物动词后用带to的动词不定式作宾补。
He persuaded me not to smoke any more.
常见跟带to的不定式作宾补的（短语）动词
persuade说服 allow允许 order命令
teach教 Ask要求 want想要
invite邀请 forbid禁止 cause导致
encourage鼓励 tell告诉 warn警告
advise建议 expect期望 would like愿意

使役动词和感官动词用于主动语态时，作宾补的不定式省略to，但当这些词用于主动语态时to不可省略（let除外）。
My parents always make me do my homework before I get out.
(在主动句中，用个“感官动词、使役动词+宾语+不带to的不定式结构”)
My friend was made to work for the whole night by the boss.
（感官动词/使役动词用于被动结构时，需还原省略的不定式符号to）
常见的感官动词和使役动词可以归纳为：一感（feel），二听（hear, listen to），三让（let, make, have），四 看（see, watch, notice, look at）
④ 不定式作表语
不定式作表语，表示主语的具体内容，如职业、职责或性质等，也可以表示目的、愿望等。不定式作表语通可以和主语位置互换。
My dream is to be a doctor.
=To be a doctor is my dream.
表语时不定式时，主语表示条件，表语表示目的或结果。
注：
如果作表语的不定式时解释主语中do的具体内容，不定式中的to可以省略。
All I did was (to) turn off the gas.
⑤不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，必须要放在被修饰词后面，
如果被修饰的名词是作定语的不定式的逻辑主语，则该不定式可带自己的宾语或或介词宾语等。
Liu Yang is the first Chinese astronaut to enter the space.（主谓关系）
如果被修饰的名词是作定语的不定式的逻辑宾语，而该不定式又是及物动词时，其后不能再接宾语。
The important thing is to get some work to do. （动宾关系）
注：
在way, method, opportunity等名词后可用不定式作定语。也可用of doing结构作作定语。
What’s the best way to solve/of solving this problem.?
如果被修饰的名词是作定语的不定式的逻辑宾语，而该不定式又是不及物动词时，要在不定式后加相应的介词。
They could not find a place to live in. （动宾关系）
He has got a writing pen to write with.
⑥不定式作状语
不定式作状语主要表示目的、原因、结果等。不定式作原因状语，常用在sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad等表示情感的词后面。
表示目的常位于句首，表示原因和结果常位于句尾。
To arrive there on time, I got up one hour earlier than usual. （作目的状语）
They jumped with joy to hear the news. （作原因状语）
He woke up only to find everybody gone. （作结果状语）
可在作目的状语的不定式前加上in order或so as，以突出或强调目的。in order to=so as to， 但是so as to不能置于句首。在作结果状语时，动词不定式常用于too.. to, enough… to, only to 结构中。其中，only to 后面表示出乎意料的结果。
In order to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
John came home only to find that something has been stolen.
⑦作独立成分
这种不定式独立于句外，表示说话者的态度、语气等，又称为评论性状语。
To be honest, I don’t like him very much.
常用作独立成分的不定式短语
to begin with首先 to start with首先
to be frank 坦诚地说 to be honest老实说
to speak frankly坦诚地说 to tell you the truth说实话

不定式的其他用法
①“疑问词+ 不定式”结构
who(m), what, which等疑问代词和when, where, how等疑问副词放在不定式前便构成了“疑问词+ 不定式”结构。这种结构相当于一个名词，常在句中作主语、表语、宾语（尤其是介词后面的宾语）等。
How to solve this problem is very important. （作主语）
The question is who to turn to. （作表语）
The teacher is telling the students what to do. （作宾语）
My teacher gave me lots of advice on how to make friends. （作介词的宾语）
②不定式的复合结构
为了说明不定式所表示的动作执行者，需在其前加上逻辑主语，逻辑主语常由for或of引出。带逻辑主语的不定式称为不定式的复合结构，通常用于“It is + 形容词+for/of sb to do sth”句型中。
for sb句型中，通常使用表示客观情况的形容词，描述不定式的特征，常见的此类形容词有：
easy difficult important
necessary possible dangerous
hard interesting good

We think it too difficult for a child to understand the article.
of sb句型一般使用表示主观态度或情感的形容词，描述不定式动作执行者的性质、身份、特征。常见的此类形容词有：
nice silly selfish
honest rude careful
kind friendly wise

It is wrong of you to laugh at your classmates.
③不定式符号to的省略
某些固定结构或固定搭配中标需省略不定式符号to。常见的此类结构有：
had better (not) do sth 最好（不要）做某事
would rather do sth 宁愿做某事
Why not do sth? 为什么不做某事
can not but do sth 只好作某事
Could/Would/Can/Will you please (not) do sth 请你（不要）做某事
跟在表示“除..之外”意义的but, except之后的不定式，若but, except之前动词有do的任何形式，通常省略动词不定式符号to。常见的此类的结构有：
do nothing but do sth 只好做某事
have nothing to do but do sth只能做某事
do anything but do sth绝不能做某事，只能做某事
can’t help but do sth 禁不住做某事
can’t choose but do sth 只能做某事
动词help后接不定式作宾语或宾补，to可有可无。但是当主语是表示物的名词或主语不能发出不定式所表示的动作时，需要加上to。
Will you help me (to) find my pen?
Your rich experience will help you to find a good job.
两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时，后面的动词不定式符号to常被省略。
He doesn’t know whether to get married or (to) wait.
注：
如果多个不定式短语表示对比关系时，则通常保留动词不定式符号to。
They came not to save us, but to conquer us.
④不定式符号后动词的省略和保留
为了避免与前面出现的动词重复，可只用不定式符号to来代替不定式结构。
当不定式在ask, allow, tell, wish, permit, invite等动词后面作宾补时，为了避免重复，通常只保留动词不定式符号to，而把后面的动词省略。
Why didn’t you come at six? You were told to (come a t six).
为了避免重复，在hope, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, mean, prefer, have to, be able to, be going to, used to, be glad等（短语）动词后面出现与上文相同的不定式，通常只保留动词不定式符号to，而把其它部分省略。
Mr king lied to us because he had to. （省略了lie to us）
如果不定式为一般式“to be”或完成式“to have done”，省略时，不定式符号to后的助动词be或have通常需要保留，而省略后面的部分。
--Aren’t you a lawyer
--No, but I used to be.
⑤不定式的主动形式表被动意义
不定式用主动形式表示被动意义常见于以下几种情况：
不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系。
Please lend me a book to read. （read与book构成动宾关系，me与read构成主谓关系）
在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中。常见的此类形容词有：easy, interesting, safe, hard, pleasant, dangerous, difficult, comfortable, impossible等。
The question is not difficult to answer.
不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I don’t know what to try next.
某些动词的不定式与be连用作表语时。常见的此类动词有：to blame（责备）, to let（出租）, to seek.（寻找）
I was to blame for losing the game.
This house is to let.
当不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子主语时。此时主动结构和被动结构都可以，此时在语义上并没有多大区别。
There is a lot of work to do/to be done.

提升训练
一、单项选择
1．In addition to a healthy diet, you also need regular exercise _______ weight.
A．losing B．having lost C．lost D．to lose
2．The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune_ .
A．had been making B．was making C．was to be made D．would make
3．You needn't worry about the exam because most of the questions are easy________.
A．working out B．to work out C．to be worked out D．being worked out
4．It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.
A．to solve B．to be solved C．solved D．solving
5．Have you ever waited for your bus for a very long time, _____ by two or more buses arriving together?
A．only to greet B．only greeted C．only to be greeted D．only greeting
6．. Teamwork is very important in modern society. ______ an effective team member, you need to develop a team attitude.
A．Become B．Becoming C．Having become D．To become
7．Every minute is made full use of ______ our lessons before the exam.
A．studying B．being studied C．to study D．to be studying
8．With a lot of difficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A．settled B．settling C．to settle D．being settled
9．There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city.
A．needs repairing B．needing repaired
C．needed repairing D. needing to be repaired
10．AIDS is said _______the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area in the past three years.
A．that it is. B．to be. C．that it has been. D．to have been.
11．By no means____when we try to create a global brand.
A．the cultural factor is to neglect B．is the cultural factor to neglect
C．the cultural factor is to be neglected D．is the cultural factor to be neglected
12．(2015·北京)___________the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A．Catching B． Caught C．To catch D．Catch
13．In those days my family didn’t have enough room _________.
A．to live B．living in C．to live in D．living
14．Our teacher always speaks slowly and clearly in class ______.
A．so as to be understood B．in order to have understood
C．so as to understand D．to understand
15．____,the student insists that he be separated from his desk-mate,who is naughty.
A．To avoid being affected B．To avoid to be affected
C．Avoiding being affected D．Avoiding to be affected

二、用所给词的正确形式填空
16．Watch out! Don’t get close to the building ________ walls are being painted.
17．Dinosaurs lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long ________ humans came into being and their future seemed secure at that time.
18．From tomorrow, children younger than 12 ________ (allow) only to play the game for a maximum of one hour a day.
19．Great attention should be paid to ________(protect) the water from being polluted.
20．They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house ________(decorate).
21．The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music，most of ________ was based loosely on the Beatles.
22．The container contains many kinds of fruits, apples________(include).
23．English in this story________(simplify) several times so far to make it easier for children to understand.
24．The farm ________(hand) down from his father to him last year.
25．The ancient Olympic Games were first held in Athens, in which only men from Greece had the right________(compete).


三、根据所给汉语意思完成句子
26．他在午夜醒来，听了一会儿收音机。
He awoke ___________ ___________ and listened to the radio for a few minutes.
27．充足的睡眠会帮助我们从疲劳中恢复过来。
Having enough sleep will help _________ _________ _________ tiredness.
28．他发现使她改变主意是不可能的。
He found it impossible to make her __________ her ___________.
29．上周一，Tom说服他的朋友加入了俱乐部。
Last Monday, Tom __________ his friend to _________ the club.
30．事实上，以后再办这件事情要容易得多。
__________, it would be much easier to do it later.
31．Vitamin D helps our bodies make a special chemical，and this special chemical, ________ ________, affects our brains, making us feel happy.
维生素D帮助我们的身体产生一种特殊的化学物质，而这种特殊的化学物质反过来又影响我们的大脑，使我们感到快乐。
32．It________ ________ ________how the ancient Egyptians could move the huge stone blocks to build those pyramids.
古埃及人如何移动这些巨大的石块来建造金字塔，这仍然是个谜。
33．If they do not meet these requirements, they will not ________ ________ ________ graduate school, even if they have excellent undergraduate grades.
如果他们不符合这些要求，他们将不能被获准进入研究生院，即使他们有优秀的本科成绩。
34．Why waste time in this world________ ________the bad when we can look around us and see the wonderful things before us?
为什么浪费时间寻找不快，而看不到我们面前的美好事物呢？
35．The public’s confidence in personal information security is ________ ________ ________, because there is still a lack of sound privacy protection laws in place.
民众对信息安全的信心正在下降，因为目前还缺乏健全的隐私保护法。
36．It was no use________ ________ ________ ________him, so I waved to him.
假装没看见他是没有用的，所以我向他挥手示意。
37．________ ________ volunteering work, the couple led a busy and rich life after they retired.
忙于做志愿工作，那对夫妇退休后过着忙碌而充实的生活。（用本模块所学单词）
38．Carbon fiber might ________ ________ ________in the future because of its added strength.
碳纤维由于其增强的强度在未来可能是值得探索的(材料)。
39．________ ________ ________, our show was fully appreciated by the audience, mostly college students.
令我们宽慰的是，观众对我们的演出十分欣赏，他们中大多数是大学生。
40．Riding in an elevator is an experience where we can unexpectedly meet people ________ ________we have nothing in common. (介词+定语从句)
乘电梯是一种经历，在那里我们可以意外地遇到一些人，尽管我们没有任何共同点。


参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5．DCBBC 6-10．DCCDD 11-15．DCCAA

二、用所给词的正确形式填空
16．whose
17．before
18．will be allowed
19．protecting
20．is being decorated
21．which
22．included
23．has been simplified
24．was handed
25．to compete
三、根据所给汉语意思完成句子
26．at midnight
27．us recover from
28．change mind
29．persuaded join
30．Actually
31．in turn
32．remains a mystery
33．be admitted to/into
34．hunting /searching /seeking /looking for
35．on the decrease/decline
36．pretending not to see
37．Employed in
38．be worth exploring
39. To our relief
40．with whom










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