2020年中考英语一轮教材复习课件：8年级下册Units 3-4

(共82张PPT)
八年级下册Units 3—4
核心知识盘点
重 点 单 词

Unit 3
1.rubbish n.垃圾;废弃物 2.floor n.地板
3.mess n.杂乱;不整洁 4.throw v.扔;掷
5.neither adv.也不 pron.两者都不
6.pass v.给;递;走过;通过 7.lend v.借给;借出
8.hate v.厌恶;讨厌 9.stress n.精神压力;心理负担
10.waste n.浪费;垃圾v.浪费;滥用 11.provide v.提供;供应
12.depend v.依靠;信赖 13.develop v.发展;壮大
14.since conj.因为;既然prep.,conj.& adv.从……以后;自……以来
15.drop v.落下;掉下 16.fair adj.合理的;公正的
Unit 4
17.allow v.允许;准许 18.wrong adj.有毛病;错误的
19.guess v.猜测;估计 20.argue v.争吵;争论
21.instead adv.代替;反而;却 22.nervous adj.焦虑的;担忧的
23.offer v.主动提出;自愿给予 24.proper adj.正确的;恰当的
25.secondly adv.第二;其次 26.communicate v.交流;沟通
27.explain v.解释;说明 28.clear adj.清楚易懂的;晴朗的
29.copy v.抄袭;模仿;复制;复印 30.return v.归还;回来;返回
31.member n.成员;分子 32.compete v.竞争;对抗
33.skill n.技艺;技巧 34.typical adj.典型的
35.quick adj.快的;迅速的;时间短暂的 36.continue v.持续;继续存在
37.compare v.比较 38.crazy adj.不理智的;疯狂的
39.push v.鞭策;督促;推动 40.cause v.造成;引起
41.perhaps adv.可能;大概;也许
重 点 短 语

1. take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
2. all the time 频繁;反复
3. as soon as 一……就……
4. lend sb.sth./lend sth.to sb. 把某物借给某人
5. in order to 目的是;为了
6. depend on 依靠;信赖
7. take care of 照顾;处理
8. look through 快速查看;浏览
9. big deal 重要的事
10. work out 成功地发展;解决
11. get on with 和睦相处;关系良好
12. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
13. communicate with sb. 与某人交流
14. compete with sb.与某人竞争
15. cut out 删除;删去
16. compare ...with 比较;对比
17. in one’s opinion 依……看
1.throw v.→_________(过去式)扔;掷
→_________ (过去分词)
2.lend v.→_________(过去式/过去分词)借给;借出
→_________(反义词)借;借用
3.develop v.→_____________n.发展;发育;成长
4.fair adj.→_________n.公正性;合理性
→_________(反义词)不合理的;不公正的
词 汇 拓 展

threw
thrown
lent
borrow
development
fairness
unfair
5.communicate v.→_______________ n.交流;沟通
6.argue v.→____________ n.争吵;争论
7.cloud n.→____________ adj.多云的
8.proper adj.→____________ adv.正确地;恰当地
9.clear adj.→____________ adv.清楚地;清晰地;明白地
10.press v.→____________ n.压力
11.skill n.→_______________ adj.有技能的;技术好的;熟练的
communication
argument
cloudy
properly
clearly
pressure
skillful/skilled
12.quick adj.→____________ adv.很快地
13.usual adj.→____________(反义词)特别的;不寻常的
→____________ adv.通常地;一般地
quickly
unusual
usually
1.They should _________ their time_________ schoolwork ________ ___________ ________ get good grades and get into a good university.
为了取得好成绩,进入一所好的大学,他们应该把时间花在学业上?
2. _________ is the parents’ job to _________ a clean and comfortable environment at home_________ their children.
在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净?舒适的环境是家长们的事情?
重 点 句 型

spend
on
in
order
to
It
provide
for
3._______ _______ kids learn to be independent, _______ _______ it is for their future.
孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好?
4.My parents don’t _______ me ______ ________ _______ with my friends.
我的父母不允许我和朋友们闲逛?
5. _______ he watches _______ he wants _________ late at night.
而他却想看什么就看什么,一直看到夜里很晚?
The
earlier
the
better
allow
to
hang
out
Instead
whatever
until
6.He should talk to his friend _______ _______ he can say he’s sorry.他应该和他的朋友谈谈,这样他可以说对不起?
7. _________ it’s normal to want successful children,it’s even _______ __________ to have happy children.虽然想让孩子成功是很正常的,但是让孩子快乐更重要?
so
that
Although
more
important
征求许可
1.—Could I go out for dinner with my friends?
我可以和朋友们出去吃晚饭吗?
—Sure,that should be OK./Yes,you can,but first you have to clean your room./No,you can’t.You have a test tomorrow.
当然,那应该是可以的?/可以,但是你先得打扫你的房间?/不行?你明天有考试?
情 景 交 际

礼貌地提出请求
2.—Could you please help me do the dishes?
请问你能帮我洗碗碟吗?
—Yes,sure./No problem./OK,but I want to watch one show first./Sorry,I can't.I cut my finger and I'm trying not to get it wet.
当然可以?/没问题?/好,但我想先看一个节目?/抱歉,我不能?我割伤了手指,要尽量不让它浸水?
询问与建议
3.—What's wrong?
怎么啦?
—I'm really tired because I studied until midnight last night.
我很累,因为昨晚我学习到半夜?
—Why don't you go to sleep earlier this evening?
今晚你为什么不早点儿去睡呢?
语 法
1.情态动词could用于礼貌请求与允许
2.连词until,so that,although
话 题
Unit 3 家务和许可
Unit 4 人际沟通
教材考点解析

考点一
Could you please clean your room?你能打扫一下你的房间吗?(Unit 3 P17)
【点拨】Could you (please) ...?意为“请你……好吗?”,表示客气?礼貌的请求?该句型中的could可换为can/would/will,could/would语气更委婉?客气,后接动词原形?
肯定回答用Certainly./Of course./Yes,sure./With pleasure./No problem.等,
否定回答用Sorry,I can't./I'm afraid not.等?
该句型的否定形式是Could you (please) not ...?如:
—Could you please pass me the book on the desk?
请把桌子上的那本书递给我可以吗?
—Yes,sure.
当然可以?
—Could you please not speak so loudly?
请不要那么大声说话好吗?
—Sorry.
对不起?

学 以 致 用
( )1.(2019·新疆改编)David, you please sweep the floor and take out the trash?
A.Could B.may C.might
( )2.—Could you please here?
—Sorry,I didn't see the sign.
A.not smoke B.not to smoke C.not smoking
A
A

考点二
For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周里,她什么家务都没做,我也是?(Unit 3 P19)
【点拨】句中的“neither did I”为倒装句,此处neither用作副词,意为“(某人或某事物)也不”?neither的具体用法如下:
词性 用法 例句
副词 常构成倒装句:Neither/Nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.,意为“……也不?”表示前面所说的(否定)情况也适用于另一个人或事物? —Peter doesn't like swim?ming.彼得不喜欢游泳?
—Neither/Nor does Tom.
汤姆也不(喜欢)?
不定代词 意为“(两者)都不”,与of短语连用(neither of+名词/代词复数),也可单独使用?作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可? Neither of them has/have a car.他们两个都没有汽车?
—Which do you like?
你喜欢哪一个?
—Neither.I think they're both ugly.
两个都不喜欢?我觉得两个都很难看?
限定词 意为“(两者)都不”,用在单数名词前,与其所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式? Neither answer is correct.
两个答案都不对?
neither ...
nor ...
用作连词 意为“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列成分表示否定;反义短语为both ...and ...,意为“两者都……”?
连接主语时,谓语动词一般遵循“就近原则”? Their house is neither big nor small.
他们的房子不大也不小?
Neither you nor I am right.
你和我都不对?

【拓展】若要表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或事物,用倒装句型:So+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.,意为“……也是?” 如:
—She's interested in the story.
她对这个故事感兴趣?
—So am I.
我也是?

学 以 致 用
( )1.(2019·常州改编)—When would you like to go swimming with me,this Friday or this Saturday?
—.I am free only this Sunday.
A.None B.Both C.Neither
( )2. Lucy Alice can go dancing with you,because they must stay at home on school nights.
A.Neither;nor B.Either;or C.Both;and
C
A
( )3.(2019·鄂州改编)—Last summer holiday,I didn't go anywhere.How boring!
—.But I'm going somewhere for a holiday this summer.
A.Neither I did
B.Neither did I
C.So did I
B

考点三
Could I borrow that book?
我可以借那本书吗?
Could you lend me some money?
你可以借我一些钱吗?(Unit 3 P20)
【辨析】borrow,lend与keep
单词 含义 用法
borrow 借入;借来 borrow sth.from sb.
表示主语向别人借东西
lend 借给;借出 lend sth.to sb.=lend sb.sth.
表示主语把东西借给某人
keep 保存;借 “keep sth.for+一段时间”
表示借多长时间

注:(1)borrow和lend都是非延续性动词,不能与一段时间连用;keep是延续性动词,可以与一段时间连用?
(2)return意为“归还”,相当于give back;return sth.to sb.意为“把某物归还给某人”?
I borrowed a magazine from Mary.
我向玛丽借了一本杂志?
He lent his pen to me.
=He lent me his pen.
他把他的钢笔借给了我?
—How long can I keep this book?
这本书我可以借多长时间?
—For two weeks./Two weeks.
两周?
【图解助记】

学 以 致 用
( )1.(2019·达州改编)—Can I Robinson Crusoe?Mrs.Zhao!
—Sure,it's very interesting,but you can only it for two weeks.
A.borrow;lend B.lend;borrow C.borrow;keep
( )2.—Can I your dictionary?
—Sorry.I've it to Linda.
A.borrow;lent B.borrow;borrowed C.lend;borrowed
C
A

考点四
It is the parents' job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净?舒适的环境是家长们的事情?(Unit 3 P22)
【辨析】offer,provide与give三者都有“提供;供给”之意,具体区别如下:
单词 含义 用法
offer 侧重表示“愿意给予”,强调主动提供? offer sth.to sb.
=offer sb.sth.
provide 指有远见,为应付意外?紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给?提供”? provide sth.for sb.
=provide sb.with sth.
give 多指一般性的“给;给予”? give sth.to sb.
=give sb.sth.
He offered me a job.
他提供给我一份工作?
They provided us with board and lodging.
他们给我们提供食宿?
I gave a nice present to my mother on Mother's Day.
在母亲节我送给妈妈一份精美的礼物?
【图解助记】

学 以 致 用
( )1.—Are you going to Hangzhou for vacation?
—Yes.I want you to me some information about it.
A.offer;to B.offer;with C.provide;with
( )2.The little girl her seat to the old man on the crowded bus.
A.Offered B.brought C.provided

C
A

考点五
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.我认为孩子们学会如何做家务和帮助父母做家务是很重要的?(Unit 3 P22)
【辨析】It's+adj.+for/of sb.+to do sth.句型(考点讲解详见P25考点7)

考点六
Why don't you talk to your parents?你为什么不和你的父母谈谈呢?(Unit 4 P25)
【点拨】Why don't you/we+动词原形 ...?意为“你/我们为什么不……呢?”,用来提出建议,相当于Why not+动词原形 ...?如:
Why don't we go to the movies on the weekend?
=Why not go to the movies on the weekend?
我们为什么不周末去看电影呢?
【拓展】常用提建议的句型:(考点讲解详见P4考点4【拓展】)

学 以 致 用
( )—I have no idea what to give to my mom on Mother's Day.
—Why her some flowers?
A.not give B.don't give C.not to give
A

考点七
My parents don't allow me to hang out with my friends.我的父母不允许我和朋友们闲逛?(Unit 4 P25)
【点拨】allow意为“允许;准许”,其常见用法如下:
His parents won't allow him to stay out late.
他的父母不会允许他在外待到很晚?
He is not allowed to stay out late.
他不可以在外待到很晚?
We don't allow smoking in the hall.
我们不允许在大厅内吸烟?
(=Smoking is not allowed in the hall.
大厅内不准吸烟?)

学 以 致 用
1.Boys and girls,remember that we don't allow _________(eat) in the classroom.
2.My parents don't allow me __________(go) to the party.
3.(2019·常州)Passengers are not allowed _________(eat) or drink when they take the underground.
( )4.Hurry up!Once the concert starts,nobody is allowed the concert hall.
A.Enter B.entering C.to enter
eating
to go
to eat
C

考点八
He always refuses to let me watch my favorite TV show.Instead he watches whatever he wants until late at night.
他总是拒绝让我看我喜欢的电视节目?而他却想看什么就看什么,一直看到夜里很晚?(Unit 4 P27)
【辨析】instead与instead of
单词/短语 词性 含义及用法 例句
instead 副词 “反而;却”,常位于句首(表转折),有时用逗号与后面内容隔开? He didn't answer me.Instead,he asked me another question.
他没有回答我?相反,他问了我另外一个问题?
“代替”,位于句末? Jack was ill so I went instead.
杰克病了,所以我代他去了?

instead of 介词
短语 “代替;而不是”,其后常接名词?代词或动名词作宾语? We just had soup instead of a full meal.
我们没有吃全餐,只喝了汤?


学 以 致 用
1.Now I can walk to work instead of _________(go) by car.
( )2.My father didn't water flowers.,he washed his car.
A.Though B.Besides C.Instead
( )3.What fine weather!We should go sightseeing watching TV in the hotel.
A.because of B.together with C.instead of
going
C
C

考点九
And they are always comparing them with other children.并且她们(指妈妈们)总是把他们(指自己的孩子)和其他的孩子作比较?(Unit 4 P30)
【点拨】compare用作动词,意为“比较”,其常见用法如下:
用法 例句
compare ...with ...
把……和……比较
(常表示同类相比,比较)
compare with
compare with If you compare your composition with hers,you'll find hers is much better.
如果你把你的作文和她的比较一下,就会发现她的好得多?
compare ...to ...
把……比作……
(常表示异类相比,比喻)
compare to
compare to We often compare teachers to gardeners.我们常把老师比作园丁?
【拓展】compared with/to sth./sb.是一个过去分词短语,意为“和……相比;对比/比起……”,常位于句首或句末作状语?如:
Compared with many people,she is really lucky.
和许多人相比,她确实很幸运?

学 以 致 用
( )1.Children are always energetic and hopeful.We often compare them the rising sun.
A.In B.by C.to
( )2.My handwriting cannot be compared my grandfather's.
A.To B.with C.from

C
B
语法精讲精练
连词与状语从句
连词用来连接词与词?短语与短语,以及句子与句子的词叫连词?连词属于虚词,在句中不能单独使用?连词按其性质可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词?从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句?
1.并列连词
并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词?短语?从句或句子的连词(如and,but,or,so等),可表示并列?顺承?转折?选择?因果等关系?常见并列连词(短语)用法如下:

考点一
连词
关系 连词(短语) 意义 例句 说明
并
列
关
系 and 和;又 She is kind and patient.她既友好又有耐心? 表并列,and前后的词意义相近,否定句中用or?
然后 He came in and took off his coat.
他进来然后脱掉外套? 表示动作先后?
那么 Be careful,and you will make fewer mistakes.
细心点,你就会少犯错误? 祈使句+and+陈述句(表结果)?
并
列
关
系
both ...
and ... 两者都 Both Linda and Amy like reading.
琳达和埃米都喜欢阅读? 连接并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式?
neither ...
nor ... 既不……
也不…… Mr.Gao neither drinks nor smokes.
高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟? 连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”?

not only ...
but also ... 不但……
而且…… Not only he but also I am excited about the news.
不只他,我也对这个消息感到兴奋?
转
折
关
系 but 但是 The man is poor,but he is happy.
这个人很穷,但他很快乐? 不能与(al)though同时使用?
while 然而 I like red while she likes blue.
我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色? 强调对比关系?
选
择
关
系 Or 或者 Who is taller,Sam or John?
谁更高,萨姆还是约翰? 表示选择?
否则;
要不然 Study hard,or you'll fail the exam.
努力学习,否则你会考试不及格? 祈使句+or+陈述句(表结果)?
either ...
or ...
或者……
或者…… Either milk or coffee is OK.
牛奶或咖啡都可以? 连接并列主语时,谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”?
因
果
关
系 so 因此;
所以 He was ill,so he didn't go to school.
他生病了,因此没有去上学? 不能与because同时使用?
2.从属连词从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句(if,whether)和状语从句(如when,because,until等)?常见从属连词用法见P98考点2和P126宾语从句的讲解?

学 以 致 用
用适当的并列连词(短语)填空?
1.Daily homework is necessary, ______too much homework may bring harm to students.
2.The flight was delayed by the storm, ______ the passengers had to wait at the airport.
3.Emily,you are playing video games again!Study hard, ______ you will fail in the coming exam.
4.Give me your email address, ______ I'll send you the form.

but
so
or
and
5.—It's a pity that ________my teachers ________parents allow me to swim alone.
—After all you are too young,safety first.
6.—Chinese government sent two pandas,Ruyi and Dingding,to Russia several days ago.
—The relationship ________China ________Russia will be closer than before,I think.
neither
nor
between
and

考点二
在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句?根据其表达的意思可分为时间?条件?原因?目的?结果?让步?比较?地点?方式等类型?具体用法如下:
状语从句
类型 引导词 例句
时间状
语从句 when,while,as,before,after,since,
not ...until ...,
as soon as I was watching TV while my mom was cooking.我看电视的时候,我妈妈在做饭?
条件状
语从句 if,as long as,unless We will go for a picnic if it doesn't rain.
如果不下雨,我们就去野餐?
原因状
语从句 because, as,
sinceSince we have got ready for it,let's set off.
既然我们做好了准备,那就出发吧?
目的状
语从句 so that,
in order that He got up early so that he could catch his train.
他为了赶上火车起得很早?
结果状
语从句 so/such ...that ... It is such a heavy box that I can't carry it.
这个盒子如此重,以至于我搬不动它?
让步状
语从句 though,although,
even if/though,
whatever,
whenever ... He often helps others though he is not rich.
尽管他不富裕,但他经常帮助别人?
比较状
语从句 than,as ...as ...,
not as/so ...as ... He ran as fast as Jim.
他跑得和吉姆一样快?
地点状
语从句 where,wherever Bob would like to go wherever he likes.
鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方?
方式状
语从句 as,as if/though You speak as if you had really been there.
你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样?
1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来?如:
I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to Beijing.
我一到北京就给你打电话?
2.so ...that ...与such ...that ...的区别(考点讲解详见P44~P45考点5)
3.when与while的区别(考点讲解详见P101~P102考点1)
If unless when although as soon as until
1._________he had failed many times,he didn’t give up and succeeded at last.
2.(2019·铜仁改编)You will not succeed _________you work hard.
3.—Jim,let’s go out to play basketball.
—Oh,I won’t do that _________I finish my homework.
4.I’ll send you a message _________I get to school.

Although
unless
until
as soon as
5.There will be less pollution _________more people use public transportation.
6.Life is a mirror._________you smile at it,it will smile back.
if
When
( )1.(2019·安徽改编)A better future is the goal of Chinese people, it's also the common interest of the world.
A.so B.and C.or
( )2.(2019·天津改编)She was tired, she continued her work.
A.so B.until C.but
( )3.(2019·江西改编)The film seems interesting we all want to see it.
A.and B.but C.unless
语法专练

B
C
A
( )4.(2019·南京改编)“Put on your coat, you will catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says to me.
A.and B.but C.or
( )5.(2019·哈尔滨)—Which sport do you prefer,volleyball basketball?
—I prefer volleyball.
A.or B.and C.but
( )6.(2019·上海改编)There was something wrong with my car, I went to work by underground.
A.for B.so C.or
C
A
B
( )7.(2019·河池改编)I know her face I can't remember her name.
A.and B.but C.so
( )8.(2019·山西)You can't decide whether or not you like something until you try it, it's important to try something new.
A.but B.or C.so
( )9. (2019·铜仁改编)People invented Chinese chess in memory of the battle Liu Bang Xiang Yu.
A.neither;nor B.either;or C.between;and
B
C
C
( )10.(2019·南通改编)—What's the weather like in Kunming,Lucy?
—It's hot cold.So Kunming is called “the Spring City”.
A.neither;nor B.not only;but also C.either;or
( )11.(2019·临沂)A recent survey shows that 44 percent of Americans want to use self-driving cars, 34 percent believe that they will make the roads more dangerous.
A.although B.because C.if
( )12.(2019·青海)The environment will be much worse everyone has a sense of protecting it.
A.Unless B.if C.so that
A
A
A
( )13.(2019·宜昌改编)—Lucy,you can't use the phone we are far from the gas(天然气) station.
—OK,I won't do that again.
A.After B.when C.until
( )14.(2019·徐州改编)Helen was very rude to me.I refuse to speak to her again she says sorry.
A.until B.if C.because
( )15.(2019·毕节改编)You'd better take the map with you you won't get lost.
A.so that B.as soon as C.now that
C
A
A
( )16.(2019·呼和浩特改编)—Did you call Michael back?
—I didn't need to, I'll see him tomorrow.
A.unless B.because C.when
( )17.(2019·无锡改编) I do,I do it for you.Do not ever doubt that,my boy.
A.Whatever B.Wherever C.Whenever
( )18.(2019·南通改编)I still keep taking exercise every day I am busy with so many subjects.
A.until B.unless C.though
B
A
C
( )19.(2019·葫芦岛改编)The football fans cheered they heard the exciting news.
A.even though B.in order that C.as soon as
( )20.(2019·镇江改编)—Is your WeChat account(账户) safe?
—Yes,even my father can't use it I tell him the password.
A.when B.unless C.while
( )21.(2019·无锡改编)—The local food may taste a bit strange.
—Well, we are here,why not give it a try?
A.Though B.unless C.since
C
B
C
( )22.(2019·新疆改编)The story is interesting everybody likes it very much.
A.very;that B.so;that C.such;that
( )23.(2019·上海改编) the journey was tiring,Jeff thought it was worth both the time and the money.
A.As B.Since C.Although
B
C
谢谢
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