2020年中考英语基础语法专练五 介词（含答案）

专题五 介词
学前自测（发现考点）
( )1. I lost my way ___ a rainy night and my parents were quite worried ____ me.
A. in; about B. on; about C. at; with D. on; with
( )2. When our parents are not at home, we need to ____ourselves.
A. look after B. look at C. look up D. look around
( )3. —When did your aunt arrive China? —She got to Guangzhou the morning of May 15th.
A. at; in B. in; in C. to; on D. in; on
( )4. It's very nice ____ you to pick me up at the bus station.
A. for B. to C. of D. with
( )5. —What does your English teacher look like? —She is a pretty lady ____ long straight hair.
A. on B. with C. of D. for
( )6. —When is your summer vacation?
—It begins ____ July 15th and I don't have to go to school until August 31th.
A. on B. in C. at D. by
( )7. I paid about 100 dollars ____ the new clothes.
A. for B. on C. to D. of
( )8. The earthquake happened in Yunnan Province ____ a cold morning of December.
A. in B. at C. to D. on
( )9. —What happened to Mark? —He fell off the bike ____ a snowy morning.
in B. at C. on D. when
( )10. —Mum, where are my socks? —Under your bed. You should ____ your things.
A. put on B. put down C. put away D. put off
常考考点知识清单（研习考点）
考点一 常用介词的主要用法
1. in 的主要用法
(1) 表示在某年、某月、某季节,在上午、下午、晚上等。
I will come and see you in the afternoon. 下午我来看你。
(2) 在……以后。
I will come back in a week. 我将于一周之后回来。
(3) 在……里。
The two brothers study in the same class. 两兄弟在同一个班里上课。
(4) 穿着;戴着。
The man in black is Li Ming's brother. 穿着黑色衣服的那个人是李明的哥哥。
(5) (表示手段、方法、材料)用;以。
People used to write in ink. 人们过去常常用墨水写字。
2. on 的主要用法
(1) 表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。
My birthday party will be held on Sunday evening. 我的生日聚会将在星期日的晚上举行。
(2) 在……上。
The books are on the desk. 书在课桌上。
(3) 关于;有关。
Why not give her some advice on learning English well? 为什么不给她一些关于学好英语的建议呢?
(4) 以……方式;通过。
Did you hear it on the radio? 你是从收音机里听到这条消息的吗?
3. for 的主要用法
(1) 表示时间、距离,意为“计;达”。
We will stay there for two days. 我们将在那里逗留两天。
(2) 表示“当作;作为”。
I like some bread and milk for breakfast. 我喜欢把面包和牛奶作为早餐。
(3) 表示理由或原因,意为“因为;由于”。
I want to go back for my pen. 我想回去拿我的钢笔。
(4) 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给……”;“对……(而言)”。
Let me pick it up for you. 让我为你捡起来。
(5) 表示去向、目的,意为“向;往;取;买”等。
I came here for my schoolbag. 我来这儿取书包。
(6) 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为;适于……的”。
Here is a letter for you. 这儿有你的一封信。
(7) 表示“支持;赞成”,反义词是 against。
Are you for this plan or against it? 你是支持还是反对这个计划?
4. by 的主要用法
(1) 靠;用;通过。
My mother goes to work by bike. 我妈妈骑自行车去上班。
(2) 被;由。
This skirt was made by my mother. 这条短裙是我妈妈做的。
(3) 在……旁边。
There are many trees by the river. 河边有许多树。
(4) 不迟于;在……之前。
We have to get there by evening. 我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。
5. with 的主要用法
(1) 与……一起;偕同;和。
She lives with her son. 她和儿子住在一起。
(2) 有;具有;带有。 反义词是 without。
The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的那个女孩是我同学。
(3) 以(手段、材料);用(工具)。
My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks. 我的一位美国朋友在学着用筷子吃饭。
考点二 常用介词词组
1. 动词+介词
look after/ at/ for/ like; laugh at; listen to; hear from/ of; wait for; worry about; talk about/ to/ with; think of/ about; pay for; knock at/ on; shout at/ to; arrive at/ in; get to; ask for; send for; play with; come/ be from; work on; agree with; add to; belong to; devote to; do/ deal with
2. 介词+名词
by train; on foot; at the end of; at last/ first; in the end; in trouble; in danger; in surprise; at table; at breakfast; in hospital; in/ on time; on one's way to; with pleasure; at times; for example; for fun; in bed; in public; on earth;
on business; on duty; on foot; on show; on sale; in style
3. be+形容词+介词
be afraid of; be good at; be good/ bad for; be late for; be interested in; be angry with; be full of; be sorry for; be
worried about; be famous for; be mad at; be ready for; be different from; be busy with; be strick with/ in; be proud of; be opposite to
考点三 易混介词归纳
1. 表示时间的介词
(1) 词语辨析:in, on 与 at
介词
适用范围
例子
在
某
个
时
间
in
表示在某年、某月、季节、世纪、上午、下午、晚上等
in 2019, in September, in summer, in the 1890s, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
on
在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、
下午或晚上等
on Monday, on Tuesday afternoon, on May 4th, on the morning of July 6th, on a windy night
在
某
个
时
间
at
跟具体的钟点
at six o'clock, at ten thirty
at 用于和时间有关的固定短语
at noon, at midnight, at first, at last, at night, at the age of, at the beginning of
(2) 词语辨析:in, after
在……之后
in+一段时间
指从说话时算起来
的一段时间之后
与将来时连用
My sister will come back in three weeks. 我姐姐将在三周后回来。
after+一段时间
以过去时间为起点
的一段时间之后
与过去时 连用
She came to Shanghai last month and after a week she flew to New York. 她上个月来的上海,一周后她就飞往纽约了。
(3) 词语辨析:since, for
since 和 for 都可与现在完成时连用,since 表示从过去的某一时刻一直延续到现在,后面跟过去的时间状语;for 表示动作延续贯穿整个过程,后面跟一段时间。
Mr Green has worked in this city since 2000. 自 2000 年以来格林先生就在这座城市工作。
I have studied here since three years ago. 自从三年前我就在这里学习。
Bob has collected stamps for ten years. 鲍伯收集邮票有十年的时间了。
2. 表示方位的介词
(1) 词语辨析:in, on 与 to
三者的区别可用图示表示如下:
in 表示在范围内, eg: B is in the east of A.
on 表示两地接壤, eg: C is on the east of A.
to 表示在范围外, eg: D is to the east of A.
(2) 词语辨析:above, over, on, below, under, beneath
above, over 与 on 意思都是“在……的上面”,below, under 与 beneath 意思都是“在……的下面”。 above 表示在某物体的上方,但与物体不接触也不一定垂直,其反义词是 below。 over 表示在某物体的正上方,与物体垂直但不接触,其反义词是 under。 on 表示在物体的表面之上,与物体相接触,其反义词是 beneath。
Planes fly above the white clouds. 飞机在白色的云朵上面飞翔。
All the fields are below the planes. 所有的田地都在飞机的下面。
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座桥。
My shoes are under the bed. 我的鞋在床下面。
My books are on the desk. 我的书在课桌上。
(3) 词语辨析:in front of 与 in the front of; behind 与 at the back of
There is a library in front of / behind the post office. 在邮局的前面/ 后面有一个图书馆。
Mike sits in the front of / at the back of the classroom. 迈克坐在教室的前面/ 后面。
(4) 词语辨析:between, among
between 强调在两者之间,但后面接三者或三者以上时,是把物体分别看待,表示每两者之间;among 强调在三者或三者以上之间。
用图示表示为:
The cinema is between the bank and the library. 电影院在银行和图书馆之间。
The teacher usually stands among us. 老师通常站在我们中间。
3. 表示方向的介词
词语辨析:across, through 与 over
单词
意思
方式
例句
across
横过
指从这边到另一边
Be careful when you walk across the street. 当你横穿街道时要小心。
through
穿过
从一个物体的空间里穿过
The boy looks at things through his glasses. 这个男孩通过他的眼镜看东西。
over
翻越
从物体上方经过,翻过
Who can jump over the wall? 谁能翻过这面墙?
4. 表示交通方式的介词:by, in 与 on
by 后面直接跟交通方式的名词;如果名词前面有限定词修饰,则用 on 或 in。
My father goes to work by bike every day. =My father goes to work on a bike every day. 我爸爸每天骑自行车去上班。
注意: on 表示交通方式时,还常用于短语 on foot, walk to work=go to work on foot。
5. 表示手段或工具的介词:by, in 与 with
介词
用法
例句
by
表示使用某种方式或手段,名词前面不加任何冠词
I like to eat the dumplings made by hand. 我喜欢吃手工包的饺子。
in
表示使用某种语言或某种材料,名词前面不加任何冠词
Can you say it in English? 你能用英语说它吗?
with
后面跟具体的工具,名词前需加冠词或
形容词性物主代词
I do my homework with a pen. 我用钢笔做我的家庭作业。
6. 与“制成”有关的介词短语
词语辨析:be made of, be made from, be made into, be made in
(2) 材料+be made into+成品(……被制成……)
(3) 某物+be made in+地点(某物产于某地)
This kind of wine is made from grapes. 这种酒是用葡萄制成的。
The house is made of wood. 这座房子是用木头制成的。
Glass is made into glasses. 用玻璃制成玻璃杯。
7. 表示“除了”的介词
词语辨析:except 与 besides
except 表示“除……外”,指除去的不算在内,except 的宾语排除在外;besides 表示“除……外,还有”,besides 的宾语也算在内。 but 表示“除外”时,与 except 同义,但是 but 常和 no one, nobody, nothing 等表示否定意义的词连用。
They went there except Tom. 除了汤姆他们都去那里了。
Besides Maths, I like Chinese and English. 除了数学,我还喜欢语文和英语。
There is nobody in the classroom but Li Lei. 除了李磊,教室里没有人。
巩固训练（夯实基础）
一、单项选择
( )1. —I think drinking milk is good our health. —I agree ____ you.
A. for; with B. of; to C. for; to D. of; to
( )2. —Guess, how much does this bag cost? —I think it costs ____ 15 and 20 dollars.
A. from B. between C. among D. with
( )3. —When was you born? —I was born ____ the evening of June ____ .
A. at; first B. to; thirtieth C. on; the twelfth D. in; ninth
( )4. My friend Ann, often practices English ____ chatting with her American friend.
A. in B. by C. for D. with
( )5. —Your dress is so nice. Is it made ____ silk?—Yes, and it is made _____ Beijing.
of; in B. by; at C. from; at D. of; at
( )6. —When will your parents come back from China?— ____ three weeks' time.
A. Of B. In C. At D. With
( )7. —Tom, hurry up! It's time ____ school.—I know, Mum. But I can't find my schoolbag.
A. to B. of C. for D. in
( )8. —Where is Beijing, Maria? —Mm…It's ____ the northeast of China.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
( )9. —We can't go outside ____ the heavy rain. —Then we can play a computer game.
instead of B. because of C. after all D. out of
( )10. —Yang Mi is very popular ____ us. —Yes. She is one of my favourite stars.
A. for B. of C. with D. to
答案：
学前自测
1-5 BADCB 6-10 AADCC
巩固训练
1-5 ABCBA 6-10 BCABC