2020年中考英语基础语法专练十三 宾语从句和定语从句（含答案）

专题十三 宾语从句和定语从句
学前自测（发现考点）
( )1. —Could you tell me ___ for Beijing? —At 8:30 tomorrow morning.
A. when will you leave B. when you will leave
C. when would you leave D. when you left
( )2. Thousands of people have to leave the village ____ they love deeply because of the pollution.
A. what B. who C. which D. where
( )3. —Do you know the man ___ is wearing glasses? —Oh, of course. He is my English teacher.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
( )4. The old man came into the room with a little boy ___ was carrying a big bag.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
( )5. Eileen will never forget this beautiful park ___ she met his husband 20 years ago.
A. where B. which C. who D. whose
( )6. Pass the Yang Cheng Tong to the boy ____ is standing at the door back, please.
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
( )7. Those foreign children ____ came to our school last week get used to the food in China now.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
( )8. —Did you see Anna after class?
—I saw her leave the classroom, but I didn't notice ____ after that.
A. when did she go B. where did she go
C. when she went D. where she went
( )9. —What are you looking for?
—I'm looking for the book ___ you lent me yesterday.
A. whose B. who C. that D. what
( )10. Do you know the man ___ is talking to Alice?
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
常考考点知识清单（研习考点）
考点一 宾语从句
1. 宾语从句的引导词主要有从属连词、连接代词、连接副词三类。
2. 引导词的使用
(1) 陈述句变宾语从句:that(口语和非正式文体中可以省略)。
He thinks that he will be famous some day. 他认为他总有一天会出名的。
(2) 一般疑问句变宾语从句:if/ whether 引导。
She wonders if/ whether it is true. 她想知道这是不是真的。
(3) 特殊疑问句变宾语从句:连接代词和连接副词。
Father asked me where I had put my book. 爸爸问我把书放在哪里了。
(4) 选择疑问句变宾语从句:whether … or …。
He asked me whether I would watch TV or read a story book. 他问我是看电视还是看书。
(5) 祈使句变宾语从句:to do(不定式结构)。
The teacher told us not to play in the street. 老师要我们不要在街上玩。
3. 时态的呼应
(1) 主句用一般现在时,从句可用任何一种时态。
I think he has finished his homework. 我认为他已经完成家庭作业了。
(2) 主句用一般过去时,从句一定要用与过去相关的时态。
I asked him whether he had finished his homework. 我问他是不是已经完成家庭作业了。
(3) 从句部分是客观真理,不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told the students that the earth turns around the Sun. 老师告诉学生们地球围绕着太阳转。
4. 从句的语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句的语序都要用陈述句的语序,即:连接词+主语+谓语+其他。
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see? 你能告诉我我们必须见谁吗?
考点二 定语从句
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
(1) who 指人,在从句中作主语。
Yesterday I met the girl who studies in Beijing. 昨天我遇到了一位女孩,她在北京学习。
(2) whom 指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 若前面有介词,则 whom 不可省略,此时不可用 who 或者 that。
Mrs Wu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. 吴女士就是你们在车上谈论的那个人。
(3) which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。 若前面有介词,则 which 不可省略,此时不可用 that。
(4) that 指人时,相当于 who 或者 whom;指物时,相当于 which。 在宾语从句中作主语或者宾语,作宾语时可省略。
Who is the boy(that/ whom)I saw this morning? 我今天上午看到的那个男孩是谁?
(5) whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。
He knows the girl whose father is a doctor. 他认识那个女孩,她爸爸是一名医生。
I live in a house whose windows face the south. 我住在一个窗户朝南的房子里。
注意:含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the movie which/ that I am looking for. 这就是我正找着看的那部电影。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
(1) when 指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
The time when we got together finally came. 我们相聚的时候终于来了。
(2) where 指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 十年前我住的那座房子已经拆了。
(3) why 指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
I don't know the reason why he looks sad today. 我不知道他今天不开心的原因。
3. 只用 that 引导定语从句的场合
(1) 当先行词是 anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all, none, little, some 等代词时,或者是由every, any,
all, some, no, little, few, much 等修饰时。
Have you written down everything that Mr Lin has said? 你把林先生说的话都记下了吗?
All that can be done has been done. 能做的都做了。
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who。
(2) 当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first time that they told me is last night. 他们第一次告诉我是昨天晚上。
(3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4) 当形容词被 the very, the only, the same, the last 修饰时。
That is the very dress that I want to buy. 那就是我非常想买的那件裙子。
注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who。
(2) 当先行词被序数词修饰时。
The first time that they told me is last night. 他们第一次告诉我是昨天晚上。
(3) 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
(4) 当形容词被 the very, the only, the same, the last 修饰时。
That is the very dress that I want to buy. 那就是我非常想买的那件裙子。
注意: 当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用 who。
Wang Lin is the only student in our school who will attend the competition. 王林就是我们学校唯一将要参加比赛的学生。
(5) 当先行词前面有 who, which 等疑问代词时。
Who is the man that is sitting there? 坐在那儿的那位男士是谁?
Which is the coat that fits me most? 哪一件是我最合身的外套?
(6) 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时。
Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 你记得我们报道过的那位作家和他的著作吗?
巩固训练（夯实基础）
一、单项选择
( )1. —Excuse me. Could you tell me ____? —It will leave at 8:00 a. m.
A. how will you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai
C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai D. when the bus will leave for Shanghai
( )2. I like TV shows ____ can make me relaxed, just like Where Are We Going, Dad?.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
( )3. —Lily, do you know how many colours ____ in a rainbow?
—Seven.
A. there are B. are there C. they are D. are they
( )4. —Football, ____ is very popular in the world, is loved mostly by boys. —That's true.
A. that B. who C. which D. when
( )5. This Spring Festival, I went to the village ___ I used to live in for twenty years and spent one week there with my relatives.
A. when B. which C. where D. why
( )6. —What are you interested in about cooking food? —We are all interested in ____.
A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried
C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry
( )7. —What did Mary say just now? —She asked ____.
A. when we would go to the cinema B. when we will go to the cinema
C. when will we go to the cinema D. when would we go to the cinema
( )8. —The reason ____ the sports meeting was put off is still unknown.
—Maybe there is something emergent.
A. why B. which C. that D. when
( )9. —Can you imagine ____? —Yes. The future life will be great.
A. what will the life be like in the future
B. what the life will be like in the future
C. what would the life be like in the future
D. what the life would be like in the future
( )10. —Jack asked me to meet his friend at the airport, but I don't know ____. —You can ask him.
A. where he will arrive B. why he will arrive
C. how he will arrive D. when he will arrive
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1. That student ____________ (whose) the teacher is talking with failed the exam.
2. —I dislike the way _______ (which) he speaks to his parents.
—I don't like it, either.
3. Look at the woman. She is the woman _____ (who) son is a famous artist.
4. The police asked him what _______ (was he) doing at that time.
5. Class, you should be thankful to those people ____ (whom) helped and supported you.
6. My grandparents like stories __________ (who) have happy endings.
7. Excuse me, could you please tell me how far _____ (is it) from here to the airport?
8. You are talented young adults ____ (whom) are full of hope for the future.
9. —Hi, Ken. Did Mrs Zhang tell us _____ (where) we should get to the station?
—Yes. She said we should meet there at nine.
10. —He is a singer _____ (whom) is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
答案：
学前自测
1-5 BCBAA 6-10 BADCB
巩固训练
一、
1-5 DBACB 6-10 AAABD
二、
1. who/whom
2. in which
3. whose
4. he was
5. who
6. which/ that
7. it is
8. who
9. when
10. who