外研版必修4-MODULE 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges教案

MODULE 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges


Part One: Teaching Design
Period One: Reading—A Trip Along the Three Gorges
Goals
To learn to read passages about the Three Gorges
To learn to read with strategies
Procedures
▇Warming up by defining gorge
A canyon, or gorge, is a valley walled by cliffs. Most canyons originate by a process of long-time erosion from a plateau level, with a stream gradually carving out its valley. The cliffs form because harder rock strata that are resistant to erosion and weathering remain exposed on the valley walls. Canyons are much more common in arid areas than in wetter areas because weathering has a lesser effect in arid zones. Canyons' walls are often formed of resistant sandstones or granite. ...
▇Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
▇While you read
Cut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.
A Trip Along the Three Gorges
In August 1996, Peter Hessler, a young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling on the Yangtze River. He and a colleague were to spend two years there/ teaching English at a teacher training college. They were the only foreigners/ in the town. The first semester/ finished/ at the end of January/ and they had four weeks off/ for the Spring Festival. They could go anywhere/ they wished. They decided to take a boat/ downstream.
We decided/ to buy tickets/ for the Jiangyou boat. Our colleagues said, “You shouldn’t go on those ships. They are very crowded. They are mainly for goods/ and people/ trading along the river. They don’t stop/ at the temples/ and there won’t be any other foreigners.” That sounded fine/ to me. We just had to show our passports/ and they let us/ get on the boat.We left the docks/ on a beautiful afternoon. The sun was shining brightly/ as we sailed downstream/ through a hilly region. Men rode bamboo rafts/ along the river’s edge/ and coal boats went past. As the sun set/ we docked at Fengdu. We could see the sun setting behind the white pagoda. It was beautiful.We slept through the first gorge, which is called/ the Qutang Gorge. The gorge narrows/ to 350 feet/ as the river rushes through the two-mile-high mountains. “Oh, well,” my friend said, “at least/ we have two more/ left.”At Wushan/ we made a detour/ up the Daning River/ to see some of the smaller gorges. The next day/ we went through the big gorges/ on the Yangtze River. It was a lovely morning/ as we went through the Wu Gorge. We passed the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, the 3rd century BC poet. There was so much history/ along the Yangtze River. Every rock looked like a person or animal, every stream/ that joined the great river/ carried its legends, every hill was heavy with the past.As we came out of the third gorge, the Xiling Gorge, we sailed into the construction site of the dam. All the passengers came on deck. We took pictures/ and pointed at the site, but/ we weren’t allowed/ to get off the boat. The Chinese flag was blowing/ in the wind. On a distant mountain/ was a sign/ in 20-foot characters. “Build the Three Gorges Dam, Exploit the Yangtze River,” it said.
▇After you read
Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book.
Useful collocations from A Trip Along the Three Gorges
A young American teacher of English, arrived in the town of Fuling, on the Yangtze River, spend two years there teaching English, at a teacher training college, in the town, the first semester, finish at the end of January, have four weeks off for the Spring Festival, go anywhere, take a boat downstream, buy tickets for the Jiangyou boat, go on those ships, trading along the river, stop at the temples, sound fine to…, show our passports, get on the boat, leave the docks on a beautiful afternoon, shine brightly, sail downstream through a hilly region, ride bamboo rafts, along the river’s edge, dock at Fengdu, settle behind the white pagoda, sleep through the first gorge, narrow to 350 feet, rush through the two-mile-high mountains, at least, make a detour, go through the big gorges on the Yangtze River, a lovely morning, pass the Xiang River, home of Qu Yuan, a 3rd century BC poet, look like a person or animal, join the great river, carried some legends, be heavy with the past, come out of the third gorge, sail into the construction site of the dam, come on deck, take pictures, point at the site, get off the boat, blow in the wind, on a distant mountain, a sign in 20-foot characters, build the Three Gorges Dam, exploit the Yangtze River
▇Closing down by drawing a diagram of the text
You are going to read the text again and draw a diagram of it. You may use the diagram to retell the story in your own words.
A Trip Along the Three Gorges
Time Place Character Event Taking a boat downstream
In January 1997 The Three Gorges Peter Hessler and a colleague
Processes
Para. 1 Buying tickets for the Jiangyou boat Para.2 Leaving the docks on a beautiful afternoon Para. 3Sleep through the first gorge called the Qutang Gorge Para. 4At Wushan making a detour up the Daning River to see some of the smaller gorges Para. 5Sailing into the construction site of the Three Gorges Dam

Period Two: Grammar—Revision of modal verbs
Goals
To revise the modal verbs
Procedures
▇ Revising modal verbs
Modal Verbs
CAN COULD MAY MIGHT WILL WOULD
SHALL SHOULD OUGHT TO MUST NEED DARE
?
When do we use modals?? To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something
example: "We can find your house without the street plan."
??????????????? "She can't have a son that old!" To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary)
example: "You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car."
??????????????? "You needn't carry your wallet around with you." To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible)
example: "Do be careful with that cup, the cat might knock it over"
A modal verb always has the same form: There is no past form (-ed), no present participle (-ing) and no 3rd persons singular (-s).
Modal verbs come before the subject in questions: example: "May I come to your school for the book?"
Negative forms: Modal verbs have n't or not after them in the negative.
example: "mustn't" - "needn't".

PRESENT FORM PAST FORM
can could
may might
will would
shall should
must -
ought to -
need -
▇Revising other uses of modal verbs
Apart from being used to describe degrees of certainty, modal verbs can also be used in the following ways: Obligation, prohibition and lack of obligation
We use must to convey strong obligation. The past form of must for obligation is had to:
You must improve your English handwriting!
We had to leave his farm immediately.
We use should to convey milder obligation. The past form of should for mild obligation is should have:
You should see a lawyer.
You should have gone to visit your parents.
We use must not to convey prohibition. The past form of must not for prohibition is wasn't/weren't allowed to:
You must not go into the street — it's dangerous.
We weren't allowed to use our hand phones in the building.
We use needn't to talk about a lack of obligation. The past form of needn't for lack of obligation is needn't have:
You needn't go to the meeting.
We needn't have mentioned it— they already knew.
We use may and can to give permission. The past is conveyed by was/were allowed to:
You may come in now, boys.
Can we sing in here?
The prisoners were allowed to sit down talk to the policeman.
We were only allowed to speak in the zoo.
We use can to speak about ability. The past form of can for ability is could:
He can speak five three languages.
She could play er’hu beautifully when she was ten.
We use will to say we are willing to do something:
I will come, but only with my parents.
Will you act as guide?
We use won't to say we are not willing to do something. The past form of won't is wouldn't:
I won't do it, and that's final!
He wouldn't promise anything.
We can use will to talk about actions that are habitual. The past form of will for typical behavior is would:
She will spend hours chatting online.
He would wash his face every evening.
▇Taking a test on modal verbs
Filling in the blank with one of the following modal verbs: Can, Could, May and Might
1. They (can/might) ________________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure.
2. You (May/might) ________________ leave now if you wish.
3. (Could/May) ________________ you open the window a bit, please?
4. He (can/could) ________________ be from Sheffield, judging by his accent.
5. (May/Can) ________________ you swim?
6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) ________________ speak during this exam.
7. They (can't/may not) ________________ still be out!
8. You (couldn't/might not) ________________ smoke on the bus.
9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) ________________ be a cooler day.
10. You (can/might) ________________ be right but I'm going back to check the times.
ANSWERS:
1. might 2. may 3. Could 4. could 5. Can 6. may 7. can't 8.couldn't 9. could 10. might



Period Three: Function—Talking about obligation, permission and prohibition
Goals
To learn to talk about obligation, permission and prohibition
Procedures
▇Summing up ways to talk about obligation, permission and prohibition
Prohibition/Permission/Obligation
The modal verbs can/should/must/have to/need to/ be supposed to/ be allowed to and their negative forms can be used to express these functions.
Prohibition Obligation No obligation Permission
not supposed to supposed to ? ?
shouldn't should ? ?
? need to don't need to ?
? have to don't have to ?
can't ? ? can
mustn't must ? ?
not allowed to ? ? allowed to
▇Making sentences expressing obligation, permission and prohibition
You have to be seventeen to drive in this country.
I have to wear a uniform in my job.
I must remember to lock the door.
You must stand behind the line.
Must I pay for the coffee?
Do I have to wear a uniform?
I don't have to get up early.
We don't have to wear a uniform.
You mustn't smoke here.
We mustn't arrive late.
Passengers must fasten their seat belts for take off.
You must come to my party. Everyone's going to be there.
I'll be late home tonight. I have to work late. My boss said so.
I'm sorry but you have to wear a seat belt in the back seat of cars now.
You've got to stop wasting your money.
If we're going to work together, I need to know about your background and experience.
Drivers must not exceed the speed limit.
You mustn't blame yourself. It's not your fault.
You don't need to wear a uniform, but you can if you like.
There are no lessons tomorrow, so I don't need to get up early.
You needn't tell me your phone number if you don't want to.
We knew that the train was delayed so we didn't need to hurry to the station.
We had to wait half an hour on the platform because the train was delayed. We needn't have hurried after all.
Can I use the phone, please?
In Spain, you can't leave school until the age of 16.
You are allowed to buy cigarettes when you are 18.
We were only permitted to take photographs in certain places.
My parents let me stay out late at weekends

Period Four: Speaking—Talking about the Three Gorges
Goals
To gather related information and talk about the Three Gorges
Procedures
▇Collecting and sharing related information about the Three Gorges
The Three Gorges (三峡) region is a scenic area along the Yangtze River in China with a total length of approximately 200 km. The Three Gorges occupy approximately 120 km within this region. Although it is primarily famous for its scenery, the Three Gorges region is historically, and culturally an important region in China.
Gorge Chinese Length (km) Range
Qutang Gorge 瞿塘峡 8 from Baidicheng (Fengjie) to Daxi
Wuxia Gorge 巫峡 45 from Wushan to Guandukou (Badong)
Xiling Gorge 西陵峡 66 from Zigui to Nanjin Pass (Yichang)
The Three Gorges region is located along the Yangtze River between the cities of Fengjie (奉节) and Yichang in Chongqing municipality and Hubei province.
Currently the Three Gorges region is most famous for the Three Gorges Dam. The Three Gorges Dam is under construction at a place called Sandouping (三斗坪) in the middle of the Xiling Gorge. The dam is not yet complete, but the construction has already cut off the flow of the river, and therefore the water level in the Qutang, Wuxia, and the western portion of the Xiling Gorges has already begun to rise. In addition to the impacts of the dam on the ecology and people (i.e. the mass relocation of towns and villages) of the region, the dam will also change the scenery of the Three Gorges. Because the water level will be higher, the gorges will be less narrow and the mountains will appear lower. Proponents of the dam point out that because the mountains reach several thousand feet above the river, the gorges are still likely to offer spectacular views of the surrounding cliffs, and it should be noted that most riverboat companies that operate in the Three Gorges intend to continue to offer tours of the region. The increase in width of the Gorges will also allow larger ships through the gorges and it is anticipated that river traffic of all kinds will increase.
▇Talking about the Three Gorges
A: Would you like to travel to the Three Gorges? B: Today, China is going to celebrate its half completion of Three Gorges Project.C: That makes China No. 1 nation in terms of direct current power transmission in the world.D: The benefits include not only the power, but also the booster to local tourism.A: So do you have any plan to travel to Three Gorges, to see the world's largest hydropower plant? B: The three gorges will certainly have beneficial effects, but a lot of natural interests haven been sacrificed in order to build the dam. But anyway I believe it will be a pleasant experience to travel there.D: Once, I had a chance to go there three years ago, but unfortunately I had other things to do that were more important. So I lost that chance. The first chance I get, I will go there to see it.C: I just want to appreciate the landscapes through sightseeing. Three gorges will be Ok!A: I went to three gorges twice. I think it is one of my most impressive trips. I would like to make another trip to there if I have the opportunity!

▇Role-playing a talk about the Three Gorges
A: Where are the Three Gorges?B: They are located along a 193-km-long stretch of the Yangtze River downstream from Chongqing.C: What are the Three Gorges made up of?D: They consist of the Qutang, Wu, and Xi gorges. A: Are the Three Gorges affected by the Three Gorges Dam Project?B: Yes and no.D: Although the project has raised water levels to 135 meters above sea level, the gorges are tall enough that the experience of gazing at the natural landforms remains little changed.C: Tell us something about Qutang Gorge.B: It is the first gorge visitors come to. D: It is considered the most majestic of the three due to large expanses of cliff side and the backdrops of Chijia and Baiyan mountains. It whets the appetite of gorge goers. C: What about the Wu Gorge?S: The 42-kilometer-long Wu Gorge is considered the most beautiful of the three.D: It starts at the mouth of the Daning River and ends at the Guandu Ferry. It forces the Yangtze to narrow at its entrance; where the river begins to snake between the Wu’s sheer cliffs. The well-known Twelve Peaks of Wushan, resembling 12 fairies, lie on both sides of the river. B: By the way, the Kong Ming stone stele has been re-carved at a higher location. A: And Xiling Gorge? I know nothing about it.B: It zigzags for 73 kilometers, and boasts many dangerous rapids, which is why it is considered the most ferocious of the Three Gorges. D: It’s incredibly thrilling to boat down this stretch of rushing river, which is why the experience has been the inspiration of numerous poetic works.

Period Five: Writing—Describing a region
Goals
To gather related information and write a short description of the region you live in
Procedures
▇Collecting and sharing related information about the region
Beijing Municipality has an area of 16,807 square kilometers, of which only about 16 percent is occupied by the city proper. Most of the Municipality is covered with mountains, which enclose it on the west, north and northeastern sides. The actual city of Beijing is built on edge of the flat alluvial fan of the Yongding River.
Over half of Guangdong Province is covered in mountains and hills, with plains making up 23% and tablelands 19%. The land is generally high in the north and low in the south. The largest rivers converge on the Zhujiang (Pearl River) delta in the center of the province, where one finds the largest area of plains and hence the greatest agricultural productivity and the densest population.
Most of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is covered by hills and mountains, of which striking limestone formations called karst are the most famous feature.
About 87% of Guizhou's area is mountains and highlands, with many spectacular peaks, valleys, rivers and caves. Although the land is very fertile, agriculture in Guizhou can be hampered by its climate, which is prone to continuous drizzling and flooding, hailstorms, droughts, and freezing temperatures.
Hainan consists of about three-quarters mountains and highlands, occupying the center of the island, with coastal plains making up the rest of the province. Some of the notable natural features of the island are the remnants of tropical forest in the mountains, mangrove swamps on the coastal plains, and intermittent coral reefs around the coast.
▇Writing a short description of the region you live in
In the Ganzi Tibet Prefecture of Sichuan Province, at about 4,000 meters above sea-level, is Litang County. That is my hometown. It is one of the few municipalities in the world to be situated at such a great height. In Tibetan language, Litang means "a stretch of flat grassland as even as a copper mirror." Due to its unique geographical location, Litang is known to Tibetans as "Sky City." I like my hometown very much.
I came from Yading, which is known to many as the "Last Shangri-La." Yading is a fantastic land. It is a newcomer among the more renowned natural tourist attractions in China. The area is not yet as famous as such lofty mountains as Huangshan and Taishan, and Yading draws less attention than the elegant, picturesque Jiuzhaigou and Lijiang rivers in Guilin. But I love my hometown Yading. It is my God, my life.
My birthplace Huanglongxi is situated in Shuangliu County, 42 kilometers south of Chengdu City, the capital of Sichuan Province. Here the buildings of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are largely well kept and the streets are paved with green stone slabs. Many visitors speak of the simple quietness of the town. Three old temples, Zhenjiang Temple, Chaoyin Temple and Gulong Temple, are still well preserved. On the ninth day of the sixth and ninth lunar months of each year, temple fairs reproduce the lively scenes that regularly took place in the town of days long past.
My home village is an small mountainous region in the Taihang Mountain. Some 200 million years ago, the region was covered by a vast ocean, and later, mountains were formed there by the movement of the earth's crust. Zhanghe River runs around my village. My mother lives just by a newly-built highway. Opposite to our courtyard is a beautiful mountain call Miao’er Mountain. It is covered with trees. Every time I go back to visit my mother I would climb to the top of the mountain overlooking the village and my home. I would sit on the top for hours, enjoying the striking scenery around me, thinking of my childhood life in the past, and looking over at the place where my father lies for his eternal rest.I like my home village. I will return to it when I am too old to roam around the world.

Period Six: CULTURAL CORNER—Postcards to Myself
Goals
To read about traveling
Procedures
▇Before you read
Please go over the word list for this module, paying attention to the pronunciation of the word, the relationship between its pronunciation and its spelling.
▇While you read
Cut/ the sentences into thought groups, blacken the predicates, underline the useful expressions and darken the connectives.
Postcards to Myself In 50 years of traveling/ Colin McCorquodale has visited every country/ in the world, expect three. And/ everywhere he goes, he sends himself a postcard. He always chooses a postcard/ with a beautiful view, and sticks on an interesting stamp. Usually/ he writes just a short message/ to himself. His latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing. On a wall/ in his home/ in London/ there is a large map of the world. There are hundreds of little red pins/ stuck in it. “It’s good/ to get a pin in the map,” says McCorquodale, “but/ I follow the rules. I’m allowed /to stick one in/ only if I’ve been in a place/ for more than 24 hours.”Naturally, McCorquodale has his favourite places. New Zealand/ he describes/ as “wonderful”. In Europe, Italy is a favourite place. “There’s a saying/ in the travel trade/ that all tourists/ are ripped off. Well, at least/ the Italians rip you off with a smile.” Of China/ he says, “This is one country/ in the world/ which is completely different. There’s no European influence. It’s been around/ for 6,000 years, yet/ it’s a country of the future.”Wherever he goes, McCorquodale takes/ with him/ a photo of his wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt/ with a secret pocket, and a pen/ for writing his postcards.So/ why does he do it? For the postcards/ or the travel? McCorquodale laughs. “I do it/ for the journey,” he says. “I get a kick out of traveling. And all the planning.”
▇After you read
Copy all the useful expressions into your Expression Book. You may make sentences with these expressions.
Useful collocations from Postcards to Myself
In 50 years of traveling, visit every country in the world, expect three, send himself a postcard, choose a postcard with a beautiful view, stick on an interesting stamp, write just a short message to himself, on a wall, in his home, in London, a large map of the world, hundreds of little red pins, stick… in…, get a pin in the map, follow the rules, a place for more than 24 hours, have his favourite places, describe … as “wonderful”, a favourite place, a saying in the travel trade, be ripped off, at least, rip… off with a smile, a country of the future, take with him a photo of his wife, a shirt with a secret pocket, do it for the journey, get a kick out of traveling
▇Talking about Postcards to Myself
You are going to put the article into a dialogue in pairs. The following can be an example for you.
A: How long have you been traveling?B: I have been traveling for 50 years. C: How many countries have you been to?B: I have visited every country in the world, expect three. D: What do you do usually when you are traveling?B: Everywhere I go, I would send myself a postcard. A: What kind of postcard do you choose?B: I always choose a postcard with a beautiful view, and stick on an interesting stamp. C: Do you write something to yourself?B: Yes, I do. Usually I write just a short message to myself. D: What about your latest one?B: My latest one, from the Malvinas islands, reads Good fishing. C: I see on a wall in your home in London there is a large map of the world. D: And there are hundreds of little red pins stuck in it.C: Why do you put pins in a map?B: It’s good to get a pin in the map.D: Do you have any rules to do that? What are they?B: Yes, I do. I follow the rules. I’m allowed to stick one in only if I’ve been in a place for more than 24 hours.A: What are your favourite places?B: Naturally, I have my favourite places. C: Give us some examples.B: New Zealand I describe as “wonderful”. In Europe, Italy is a favourite place.D: I hear there’s a saying in the travel trade that all tourists are ripped off. B: Well, at least the Italians rip you off with a smile.D: What about China?B: Of course, China is completely different. C: How is it different?B: There’s no European influence in China. It’s been around for 6,000 years, yet it’s a country of the future.A: I am told that wherever you go, you take a photo of your wife, a candle, a torch, a shirt with a secret pocket, and a pen for writing your postcards.B：Yes, I do. D: But why do you do it?B: I do it for the journey. A: Why?B: I get a kick out of traveling. And all the planning.

Period Seven: TASK—Writing rules for travelers
Goals
To learn to write rules for travelers
Procedures
▇Gathering information about rules for travelers
Traveling RulesAlways be polite to people who are keeping you. Leave the home you're visiting in the same or better condition than you found it. Make your bed. Pick up any and all trash. Check to be sure you have all your stuff — you may not get back something you forget.Leave a "thank-you" note either individually or as a group. There will be a trash bag on the bus. Put all your trash in that bag. Treat each temple respectfully.Clean up the area where you dress; take out the trash; be sure to get all your belongings. Be sure you have your towel, bathing suit, and money when we leave the bus. Always ask before you do anything. You can never say "thank you" enough - keep it on your lips and in your mind!
Things to do When Traveling by Car Plan ahead and get the all the family members involved in the planning the trip along with a map. Take your hand phone with you.Discuss what you will see and perhaps get a video of where you are going.Check out possible points of interest along the route and stop there for meals or a stretch. Bring along a bag of magazines and books to read.When traveling with kids, get things for them to share and things just for each child. Start your trip early around 3:00 a.m. Make frequent stops to use the bathroom Bring along favorite music.Do not let the kids drink caffeine. Eat light snacks. Keep your eyes and ears open.
▇Writing rules for travelers
Arriving in TaiyuanComing to Taiyuan is an exciting opportunity but also a great challenge. Find out how to get the help you need and read some great advice about traveling in Taiyuan.1. Travelers who have made reservations at Taiyuan Hotel should go there directly. 2. You will need small changes to pay for bus, taxi. Travelers arriving by plane should take the airport bus towards town (approx. 10 km). Those who have a room reservation at Taiyuan Hostel , may ask the bus driver to let them off at May the 1st Square (approx. 10 km from the airport). There is a 350 meters walk from the bus stop to the hostel.3. Those arriving by train may take a No. 1 bus to Taiyuan Hostel from the central bus station, located only a few minutes' walk from the railway station.
What To Do Once You Arrive in Taiyuan 1. Talk to the citizens as soon as you can.If you aren’t a social butterfly, now is the time to become one. You want to talk to the local citizens as soon as you can to give yourself the most complete picture of what Taiyuan is like.2. Find out where to eat Taiyuan food.You may think this is trivial, but after having to eat it for days here, you won’t regret making it a small consideration. Some restaurants offer good Taiyuan food where you eat 300 different varieties of wheat flour meals while others allow you to eat very bad food. Watch out and you may even discover that you are a big fan of Taiyuan food.3. Take a tour.Tours arranged by the tour guide offer you a general overview of Taiyuan and its history. If you are able to take a personal free, walk the streets. Go inside the local’s buildings and small narrow lanes. Peek inside the houses and the places of interest. Ask local people if you can see inside their homes.

Part Two: Teaching Resources for MODULE 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges
Section One: Background readings
1. plateau
In geology?and earth science, a plateau is an area of highland, usually consisting of relatively flat open country if the uplift was recent in geologic history.
2. tourism
Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. A tourist is someone who travels at least eighty kilometers (fifty miles) from home for the purpose of recreation, as defined by the World Tourism Organization (a United Nations body). A more comprehensive definition would be that tourism is a service industry, comprising a number of tangible and intangible components. The tangible elements include transport systems - air, rail, road, water and now, space; hospitality services - accommodation, foods and beverages, tours, souvenirs; and related services such as banking, insurance and safety and security. The intangible elements include: rest and relaxation, culture, escape, adventure, new and different experiences.
Many countries depend heavily upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises that sell (export) services to these travelers. Consequently the development of tourism is often a strategy employed either by a Non-governmental organization (NGO) or a governmental agency to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services to non-locals.
Sometimes Tourism and Travel are used interchangeably. In this context travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey.
The term tourism is sometimes used pejoratively, implying a shallow interest in the societies and places that the tourist visits.
3. New Zealand
New Zealand is a country of two large islands and many much smaller islands in the south-western Pacific Ocean. Among South Pacific nations, New Zealand has the largest and most industrialized economy and is second only to Papua New Guinea?in population.
Section Two: Words and Expressions from MODULE 5 A Trip Along the Three Gorges
1. plain
n. extensive tract of level open land: They emerged from the woods onto a vast open plain.?
adj. 1.? not elaborate or elaborated; simple: plain food 2. not mixed with extraneous elements: plain water 3. lacking embellishment or ornamentation: a plain hair style 4. free from any effort to soften to disguise: the plain and unvarnished truth?5. comprehensible to the general public: Written for the popular press in plain nontechnical language.6. lacking stylistic embellishment: Wrote good but plain prose.?7. lacking in physical beauty or proportion : A plain girl with a freckled face. 8. clearly apparent or obvious to the mind or senses: Made his meaning plain.
2. flat
adj. 1. parallel to the ground: a flat roof 2. stretched out and lying at full length along the ground: Found himself lying flat on the floor.?3. not made with leavening: Most flat breads are made from unleavened dough.?
adv. 1. wholly or completely: He is flat broke. 2. at full length: He fell flat on his face. 3. against a flat surface: He lay flat on his back.?4. below the proper pitch: She sang flat last night.?5. with flat sails: Sail flat against the wind.?6. in a forthright manner; candidly or frankly: Came out flat for less work and more pay.
3. surround
n. the area in which something exists or lives: The country--the flat agricultural surround.
v. 1. be around: Developments surround the town.?2. extend on all sides of simultaneously; encircle: The forest surrounds my property.?
4. trade
n. 1. the skilled practice of a practical occupation: He learned his trade as an apprentice.?2. the commercial exchange buying and selling on domestic or international markets. of goods and services: Venice was an important center of trade with the East.?3. a particular instance of buying or selling: I had no further trade with him. 4. people who perform a particular kind of skilled work: As they say in the trade.?5. steady winds blowing from east to west above and below the equator: They rode the trade winds going west.?
v.?1. turn in as payment or part payment for a purchase: Trade in an old car for a new one.?2. be traded at a certain price or under certain conditions: The stock traded around $20 a share.
5. narrow
v. 1. make or become more narrow or restricted: The selection was narrowed.?2. define clearly: I cannot narrow down the rules for this game.
adj. 1.limited in size or scope: the narrow sense of a word 2. not wide : a narrow bridge 3. very limited in degree: Won by a narrow margin.?4.lacking tolerance or flexibility or breadth of view: a brilliant but narrow-minded judge
6. distant
adj. 1. far distant in space: distant lands 2. far distant in time: distant events 3. separated in space or time or coming from or going to a distance: the distant past 4. far apart in relevance or relationship: a distant cousin 5. remote in manner: a distant smile
7. exploit
v. 1. use or manipulate to one's advantage: He exploit the new taxation system. 2. draw from; make good use of: We must exploit the resources we are given wisely. 3. work excessively hard: He is exploiting the students.
8. forbid
v. 1. command against: I forbid you to call me late at night.?2. keep from happening or arising; have the effect of preventing: My sense of tact forbids an honest answer.
9. immense
adj. unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope: the Los Angeles winds like an immense snake along the base of the mountains
10. fertile
adj. marked by great fruitfulness: fertile farmland.
11.remote
adj. 1. far apart in nature: considerations entirely removed or remote. from politics 2. very unlikely: a remote possibility 3. far distant in space : remote stars 4. far distant in time: the remote past or future
12. varied
adj. 1. characterized by variety: immigrants' varied ethnic and religious traditions 2. broken away from sameness or identity or duplication: her quickly varied answers indicated uncertainty 3. widely different: varied motives prompt people to join a political party
13. view
n. 1. the act of looking or seeing or observing: He tried to get a better view of it.?2. outward appearance: They look the same in outward view. 3. the visual percept of a region: The most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views.?4. purpose; the phrase `with a view to' means `with the intention of' or `for the purpose of': He took the computer with a view to pawning it.?5. the range of the eye: They were soon out of view.??6. graphic art consisting of the graphic or photographic representation of a visual percept: Figure 2 shows photographic and schematic views of the equipment.?7. a way of regarding situations or topics etc.: Consider what follows from the positivist view.
v. 1. look at carefully; study mentally: View a problem.?2. see or watch : View a show on television.??3. deem to be: She views this quite differently from me.