第一部分 语法专题突破
专题四 数 词
知识导图
考 点 精 讲
考点 1 基数词与序数词(2015.83,2014.89)
分析近6年柳州真题可知,单词拼写中考查1次基数词three(2014.89),选词填空中考查1次序数词fifth(2015.83)。针对此类试题,考生应该做到:①根据句意及数词的含义来确定用基数词还是序数词,基数词一般表示“几(个)”,序数词表示“第几”;②根据基数词与序数词的变化规律来选择正确的形式。
1. 基数词:表示物或人的数量。
当基数词大于1时,后跟的可数名词需用复数形式(2014.89),不可数名词的量词也需用复数。如:
two oranges两个橙子; two pieces of bread 两片面包。
2. 序数词:表示数目的顺序。
(1)表示顺序时,序数词前必须加the,其后接单数名词(2015.83)。如:
On the second day, we went horse riding. 在第二天,我们去骑马了。 [九(上)Module 10 P82]
(2)序数词前若有形容词性物主代词、名词所有格等限定词,则可以不用加the。如:
It was the early autumn of my first year at a new school.这是我在新学校的第一年的一个早秋。[八(下)Module 9 P74]
(3)序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an,表示“又一,再”,内含顺序性。如:
We've tried three times. Must we try a fourth time? 我们已经试过三次了。必须试第四次吗?
【知识必备】
基数词变序数词一览表
1-10
11-19
20-90
one→first
eleven→eleventh
twelve→twentieth
two→second
twelve→twelfth
thirty→thirtieth
three→third
thirteen→~th
forty→fortieth
four→fourth
fourteen→~th
fifty→fiftieth
five→fifth
fifteen→~th
sixty→sixtieth
six→sixth
sixteen→~th
seventy→
seventieth
seven→seventh
seventeen→~th
eighty→eightieth
eight→eighth
eighteen→~th
ninety→ninetieth
nine→ninth
nineteen→~th
/
ten→tenth
/
/
拓展
(1)数词的读法。如:136,130,400:One hundred and thirty-six million, one hundred and thirty thousand, four hundred。
(2)数词的其他用法
①表示顺序或编号。由“单数名词+基数词”构成,此时名词和基数词的第一个字母须大写(基数词也可直接为数字)。 如:
Grade Seven/7七年级
Room 105 105 房间
②年龄的表达
1)用阿拉伯数字或基数词表示。如:20/twenty(years old)二十岁。
2)at the age of后加基数词,意为“在……岁时”。如:at the age of twenty在20岁时。
3)“in one's +整十数的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。如:in his twenties在他二十多岁时。
③“基数词+连字符+名词”(=形容词)作定语,名词用单数形式。如:
a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程
④倍数:“比……大(或小)几倍”的说法。如:
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个(房间)大三倍。
⑤年代的表达
in the 1930's/1930s(in the thirties of the twentieth century或in the nineteen thirties)在20世纪30年代
⑥日期的表达:年份用基数词,日期用序数词。
1988年5月1日可以写作May 1(st), 1988,读作May the first, nineteen eighty-eight;也可以写作1(st)May, 1988,读作the first of May, nineteen eighty-eight。
考点 2 概数词
分析近6年柳州真题可知,概数词未考查,但考生仍需掌握概数词的基本用法。
1. 表示确切的数字(具体数字+概数词+名词复数)
hundred, thousand, million等词与具体的数字one, two...或several, some, many等连用时,表示确切的数,其后的可数名词要用复数形式。如:
five hundred people 500人
We usually have about two thousand mobile phones and one thousand cameras.我们通常有2千部手机和1千台照相机。[七(下)Module 1 P4]
2. 表示不确切的数字(概数词加-s+of+名词复数)
当表示不确切概念时, hundred, thousand, million等词与of 连用,要用复数形式,但前面不能再加具体的数字。如:
Today, the Web has hundreds of millions of users.如今,网站已有成百上千的用户。[九(上)Module 9 P78]
thousands of factories成千上万家工厂
综 合 提 升
广西其他地市6年真题精选
1. (2019河池28题)Please pass me ________ book on the right.
A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth
2. (2017河池37题)—So many cars here. Which one is yours?
—________ car. Mine is black.
A. Five B. Fifth C. Fifths D. The fifth
3. (2016桂林36题)There are ________ students in my art club, twenty-two girls and eighteen boys.
A. fourteen B. fortieth C. forty
4. (2014梧州30题)This is my ________ time to visit Beijing. I feel very excited.
A. one B. two C. three D. first
5. (2014钦州29题)The Internet joins ________ computers all over the world.
A. million B. millions C. million of D. millions of
6. (2014北海73题)The little boy can count from one to ________(四十).
7. (2014百色80题)September is coming. All the teachers will spend their ________(第三十)Teachers' Day.
8. (2014贺州82题)Open your books and turn to the ________(第二十) page, then read the text together.
增补训练
9. Helen loves reading. She has read ________ books this month.
A. five B. fifth C. the fifth
10. They plan to plant three ________ trees next year.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundreds of
11. Although I have failed three times, my father encourages me to have a ________ try.
12. ________ of them went to the factory yesterday afternoon.
13. In the US, Mother's Day is a holiday on the ________ Sunday of May.
参考答案:fourth Eleven second