中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第一部分
语法专题突破
专题五 介词和介词短语
知识导图
考
点
精
讲
考点
1
介词的基本用法(6年6考)
分析近6年柳州真题可知,介词的基本用法分别考查了时间介词in(2015.34)、on(2019.34);地点介词in(2015.52)、opposite(2018.76)和其他介词of(2014.86)、including(2016.82)。题型涉及单项选择、完形填空、单词拼写和选词填空。针对此类试题,考生要牢记各个介词的基本用法。
1.
时间介词(2019.34,2015.34)
(1)
at,
in与on
介词
用法
示例
at
用于具体的时间点前,及固定搭配中
at
6:30 at
noonat
night
in(2015.34)
用于月、年、世纪、四季或泛指的上午、下午、晚上等前
in
March in
2017in
the
21st
centuryin
spring/summer/autumn/winterin
the
morning/afternoon/evening
on(2019.34)
用于具体的某一天或某一天的早、中、晚前,也用于星期或节日前
on
the
evening
of
May
1ston
July
26on
a
cold
winter
morningon
Monday/Tuesday...on
Children's
Day
(2)其他时间介词
介词
含义及用法
例句
before
before+时间点,表示“在……之前”
Please
bring
your
homework
before
ten
o'clock.请在10点之前把你的作业带来。
after
after+时间点,常与一般将来时连用
I'll
ring
you
up
after
two
o'clock.两点以后,我将给你打电话。
after+时间段,常与一般过去时连用
They
finished
the
work
after
two
years.他们在两年之后完成了这项工作。
since
since+时间点或句子,指从某时一直延续至今,句子用完成时。
We've
celebrated
it
since
1777.
从1777年起,我们就庆祝它了。[九(上)Module
2
P10]
for
for+时间段,指动作延续贯穿整个过程,句子用完成时
We
have
known
each
other
for
ten
years.我们已经认识彼此十年了。
from
说明开始的时间,谓语动词可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态
From
now
on,
I
will
learn
English
every
morning.
从今以后,每天早晨我将学英语。
by
by+时间点表示最迟在某一时刻或某一日期之前,若by+过去的时间点,句子谓语动词用过去完成时
We
had
learned
1,000
English
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.到上学期末,我们已经学了1000个英语单词。
until
用于否定句中,表示“直到……才”,谓语动词用瞬间性动词。常用not...until
The
electricity
doesn't
connect
until
nine
o'clock.电直到9点才接通。[九(上)Module
9
P76]
用于肯定句中,表示“直到……为止”,谓语动词用延续性动词
You
must
wait
until
11
o'clock.你必须等到十一点。
2.
地点介词(2015.52,2018.76)
(1)
表示地点时,
at与in的区别:
①at可用于较小的地方前(如:村庄、小城镇、门牌等),还可表示“在……(点)”,强调把某个地方、地点当作一个点。如:at
home在家;at
the
station在车站。
②in可用于较大的地方前(如:国家、城市等),还可表示“在(某范围或空间内)的某一点”和“在……内”。如:in
China
在中国;
in
the
park在公园(2015.52)。
(2)
表示两地位置相对时,
in,
on与to的区别:
①in表示一个地方在一个地方的范围内。如:Tibet
lies
in
the
southwest
of
China.西藏位于中国西南部。
②on表示两地有接壤、相邻。如:Guangxi
lies
on
the
west
of
Guangdong.广西位于广东的西部。
③to表示两地无接壤、相隔。如:Japan
lies
to
the
east
of
China.日本位于中国东部。
(3)表示“上、下”:over,
under,
on,
above,
below与down与opposite
介词
含义及用法
例句
over
“在……正上方”,表示两者不接触
We
can
build
a
bridge
over
the
river.我们可以在这条河上建一座桥。
under
“在……正下方”,
表示两者不接触
My
cat
is
lying
under
the
chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
on
“在……上方”,指与物体表面接触
Jim's
glasses
are
on
his
desk.吉姆的眼镜在他的桌子上。
above
“在……的上方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The
plane
is
flying
above
the
clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
below
“在……的下方”,表示两者不接触,不一定垂直
The
coat
reaches
below
the
knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。
down
从(高处)往下,向下
Tears
ran
down
her
face
when
she
heard
the
good
news.当她听到这个好消息时,泪水顺着她的脸庞留下来。
opposite(2018.76)
在某人或某物的另侧,对面
The
post
office
is
opposite
the
station.邮局在车站对面。
3.
方式介词
介词
用法
示例
by
用……手段或方式,后接动名词
by
reading
aloud通过大声朗读by
listening
to
music通过听音乐
by+交通工具
by
bus坐公交
in
用语言、声音、原材料等
in
English用英语in
a
low
voice低声地
in+限定词+交通工具
in
my
car在我的车上
on
通过,用,后接通讯工具或电子产品
on
the
radio通过收音机on
TV通过电视
on+限定词+交通工具
on
the
train在火车上
with
用具体的东西,后接表示工具或身体部位的词
with
a
knife用小刀with
your
hands用你的手
4.
其他常见介词(2016.82,
2014.86)
介词
用法
示例
across
表示“穿过”物体表面,或“横过”
walk
across
the
street过马路
through
表示在物体里面“穿过”,或纵穿过
go
through
the
gate穿过大门
over
表示在物体上方“越过”
jump
over
the
fence跳过栅栏
along
表示沿着一条线平行
walk
along
the
street沿着街道走
to
表示动作的目的地
the
way
to...去……的路
about
表示“关于,对于”
a
book
about
flowers一本关于花卉的书
of(2014.86)
属于……的,表示(……的数量或种类)
It
was
the
beginning
of
the
new
term.这是新学期的开始。
against
表示“反对;违反;逆”;“紧靠,
倚,
碰,
撞”
fight
against
illness与疾病抗争;against
the
law
违法;
against
the
wall靠着墙
beside
表示“在旁边/附近”
sit
beside
the
river坐在河边
for
表示“给,对,供(表对象、用途)”;表示“为了(表目的)”
There
is
a
letter
for
you.有你一封信。go
for
a
walk去散步
from
表示“来自;源于,始于”
come
from来自;与介词to构成固定搭配from...to...,
意为“从……到……”
including(2016.82)
表示“包括,包含”
There
are
10
people
including
you.包括你有10个人。
like
表示“像……一样”
She
was
like
a
princess
in
a
fairy
tale.她就像童话故事里的公主一样。
with
“和……一起,
与……”“具有,带有”
In
the
evening,
I
watch
TV
and
have
dinner
with
my
family.晚上,我和我的家人一起看电视和吃晚饭。
without
“不,
没有”
We
came
out
without
making
any
noise.我们无声无息地走了出来。[八(下)Module
8
P66]
考点
2
介词的固定搭配与介词短语(6年6考)
分析近6年柳州真题可知,介词的固定搭配与介词短语的考查情况如下:①介词的固定搭配:在单项选择、完形填空和单词拼写中考查,主要考查介词与动词的搭配(6年4考)、介词与名词的搭配(2016.34)和其他搭配next
to(2018.34)。②介词短语近6年未考查。
针对此类试题,考生首先要分析四个选项的含义,再结合语境选择正确答案,最重要的是要熟记常用介词的固定搭配与介词短语。
1.
介词的固定搭配(6年6考)
(1)介词与动词的搭配(6年4考)
look
at看(2017.31)
live
in住在……(2017.41)
go
through通过,穿过(2017.79)
go
back
to回去(2016.51)
agree
with同意某人的观点
chat
with和……聊天 talk
with/to
与……谈话
chat
about闲聊
talk
about谈论
care
about关心;在意
think
about考虑
grow
up长大
point
at指向
worry
about担心
know
about
知道;了解
come
from来自
hear
from
收到……的来信
suffer
from受……之苦
learn
from
从……学习
agree
to同意
belong
to
属于
come
in进来
come
out
出版
look
after照顾
look
for
寻找
prepare
for为……准备
knock
on敲门
take
care
of照顾
(2)介词与名词的搭配(2016.34)
at
the
weekend在周末(2016.34)
in
the
end最后
to
one's
surprise让某人惊奇的是
a
photo
of
一张……的照片
by
the
way顺便说一句
in
the
distance在远处
on
your
right在你的右边
at
the
same
time同时
on
one's
way
to在某人去……的路上
(3)介词与形容词的搭配
be
absent
from缺席
be
careful
about对……小心
be
crazy
about对……狂热
be
different
from与……不同
be
famous/known
for因……而著名
be
friendly
to对……友好
be
good
at
擅长
be
interested
in对……感兴趣
be
proud
of以……为傲
be
worried
about对……担忧
(4)其他搭配(2018.34)
next
to紧挨着(2018.34)
so
far到目前为止
according
to
根据
above
all首要的是,尤其
as
usual像往常一样
for
example例如
thanks
to多亏;幸亏
because
of因为
by
mistake错误地
by
accident偶然地
in
one's
opinion依某人看
with
the
help
of在……的帮助下
2.
介词短语
(1)
at+名词
at
first起初;开始
at
birth出生时
at
home在家
at
last最后
at
least
至少
at
the
age
of在……岁时
at
the
beginning
of在……的开端
at
the
end
of在……的末尾
at
the
top
of在……顶端
at
the
bottom
of在……底部
(2)in+名词
in
fact事实上
in
danger处于危险中
in
doubt怀疑地
in
fact
事实上
in
person亲自
in
public
在公共场合
in
surprise惊讶地
in
time及时
in
total总共
in
turn轮流
in
trouble处于困境中
in
a
hurry匆忙
in
a
minute
立刻;马上
in
a
word总之
in
the
future
在将来
in
the
end最后
in
front
of在……前面(外部)
in
the
front
of在……前面(内部)
in
the
middle
of在……中间
(3)
on+名词
on
business出差
on
duty值日;值班
on
foot步行
on
fire
着火
on
holiday度假
on
purpose
故意地
on
sale廉价出售
on
time准时
on
the
right/left在右/左边
on
one's
own
独自地
综
合
提
升
柳州6年真题(2014~2019)
1.
(2019柳州34题)—When
is
your
birthday,
Li
Fang
—It's
________
July
26.
A.
on
B.
to
C.
in
2.
(2018柳州34题)
—Where
is
Kate
—She
is
sitting
next
________
Lily.
A.
to
B.
in
C.
on
3.
(2017柳州31题)Boys
and
girls,
look
________
the
blackboard,
please.
A.
at
B.
out
C.
in
4.
(2016柳州34题)Li
Ying
cleans
her
room
________
the
weekend.
A.
at
B.
for
C.
in
5.
(2015柳州34题)I
usually
get
up
early
________
the
morning.
A.
in
B.
on
C.
at
6.
(2018柳州76题)The
post
office
is
________(在……的对面)the
station.
7.
(2017柳州79题)Go
________(穿过)
the
back
door,
and
you
will
see
a
beautiful
garden.
8.
(2016柳州82题)Eleven
boys
________(包括)
Xiaoming
went
to
plant
trees
last
week.
答案:opposite
through
including
6年真题精选
9.
(2019百色27题)My
brother
joined
the
army________
September
last
year.
A.
on
B.
by
C.
at
D.
in
10.
(2019梧州29题)The
city
museum
closes________
7
o'clock
in
the
evening.
A.
at
B.
from
C.
on
D.
of
11.
(2019河池34题)My
English
teacher
always
comes
into
the
classroom
________
a
smile.
A.
by
B.
for
C.
on
D.
with
增补训练
12.
In
China,
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival
falls
________
May
or
June
every
year.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
13.
—Excuse
me,
is
there
a
computer
room
in
your
school
—Yes.
It's
________
the
fifth
floor.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
at
14.
It's
bad
manners
to
point
________
others
with
your
chopsticks.
A.
with
B.
on
C.
at
15.
I
am
sorry
for
taking
your
book
________
mistake.
A.
on
B.
in
C.
by
介词和介词短语
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