2020年广西中考英语备考语法专题系列导学案：形容词和副词（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第一部分
语法专题突破
专题七　形容词和副词
知识导图
考
点
精
讲
练
考点
1
形容词的用法及辨析(必考：每年1－3道)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.
形容词的功能
用法
位置
例句
作定语
说明性质或状态，放在被修饰的名词前
It's
a
beautiful
day
today.
今天天气真好。
作表语
放在系动词后
It's
probably
sunny
and
hot
there.那里可能天气晴朗且炎热。
作宾语补足语
放在宾语之后，常与make,
leave，keep等动词连用
We
must
keep
our
classroom
clean.我们必须保持我们的教室清洁。
作状语
补充说明主语的特征，一般放在句中或句末
The
boy
went
to
school,
cold
and
hungry.那个男孩又冷又饿地去上学了。
作主语或宾语
主要用于“定冠词＋某些形容词”，表示一类人或事物，位于主语位置或者谓语后
The
rich
and
the
poor
live
in
separate
sections
of
London.在伦敦，富人和穷人住在不同的区域。
2.
形容词的常用句型
(1)It's＋adj.＋of＋sb.＋不定式，表示“某人做某事是……”。该句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词。如：good,
kind,
nice,
polite,
clever,
foolish,
lazy,
careful,
careless,
right,
wrong等。
(2)It's
＋adj.＋for＋sb.＋不定式，表示“做某事对某人来说是……”。该句型中常用描述做某事性质的形容词。如：important,
necessary,
difficult,
easy,
hard,
dangerous,
safe,
useful,
pleasant,
interesting,
impossible等。
(3)“主语＋adj.＋不定式”表示“某人做某事很……”。
【现学现用】
广西其他地市6年真题精选
1.
(2019北部湾经济区35题)—Why
is
Mike
so
popular
in
your
class
—Because
he
always
tells
jokes.
He
is________．
A.
humorous
B.
polite
C.
honest
D.
friendly
2.
(2019贵港38题)—What
do
you
think
of
the
TV
program
The
Reader
—Excellent.
Many
people
are
________
about
it.
They
never
miss
it.
A.
nervous
B.
worried
C.
crazy
D.
angry
3.
(2017贵港35题)—Does
Jimmy
often
volunteer
in
his
free
time
—Yes.
He
often
fixes
up
________
computers
for
others.
A.
bright
B.
fallen
C.
broken
D.
weak
4.
(2016河池31题)Mary,
please
open
the
windows
to
let
________
air
in.
A.
bad
B.
fresh
C.
dirty
D.
polluted
增补训练
5.
This
dog
looks
________.
It's
wearing
red
shoes.
A.
clever
B.
lazy
C.
funny
6.
It
has
been
________
for
several
days.
Many
areas
are
flooded.
A.
sunny
B.
cloudy
C.
rainy
7.
—I
am
very
________.
May
I
have
a
cake
—Sure.
You
may
take
one
from
the
fridge.
A.
brave
B.
hungry
C.
full
8.
Don't
play
games
on
the
computer
all
day.
It's
________
to
your
eyes.
A.
harmful
B.
useful
C.
helpful
考点
2
　副词的用法及辨析(6年4考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.
副词的功能
(1)作状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词，有时也可修饰整个句子。如：
The
guests
were
received
warmly
by
the
host.(修饰动词)客人们受到了主人的热情接待。
We're
quite
busy
now.(修饰形容词)我们现在非常忙。[七(上)Module
10
P60]
He
works
very
hard.(修饰副词)他工作很努力。
Actually,
I__don't__like__the__way__he__talks．(修饰全句)实际上，我不喜欢他说话的方式。
(2)作表语：主要用于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词及其他副词。如：
I
must
be
off
now.
我现在得走了。
You're
now
back
at
the
square.现在你们回到了广场。[七(下)Module
6
P34]
My
mother
has
been
away
for
a
week.我母亲外出已有一个星期了。
(3)作定语(大多数副词要后置)。如：
The
buildings
around
are
mostly
of
modern
construction.这周围的建筑大多数是现代化建筑。
2.
副词的分类与位置
(1)方式副词(大多由“形容词＋ly”构成)(6年4考)
angrily生气地　　　　　
clearly清楚地
carefully仔细地
deeply深深地
happily高兴地(2018.50)
heavily猛烈地
loudly大声地
luckily幸运地(2015.54)
politely礼貌地
quickly迅速地(2019.50)
quietly安静地
really真正地
terribly糟糕地
slowly缓慢地
suddenly突然地(2016.54)
(2)时间副词：一般放在句尾
时间副词
词义
时间副词
词义
now
现在
soon
很快
then
然后
later
后来，随后
yesterday
昨天
once
曾经，以前
today
今天
ever
曾经
tomorrow
明天
already
仍然
(3)
地点副词：一般放在句尾
地点副词
词义
地点副词(短语)
词义
here
这儿
upstairs
楼上
there
那儿
downstairs
楼下
left
左边
above
上边
right
右边
behind
后边
north
北边
everywhere
每个地方
south
南边
anywhere
任何地方
east
东边
over
there
在那里
west
西边
here
and
there
到处；处处
(4)频度副词：一般放在实义动词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词之后
频度副词
词义
频度副词
词义
always
总是；经常
seldom
很少
usually
通常
hardly
几乎不
often
经常；常常
never
从来不；从未
sometimes
有时
/
/
(5)程度副词：放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前，情态动词或助动词之后(enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置)
程度副词
词义
程度副词(组)
词义
quite
相当；完全，十分
a
little
一点儿；一些
rather
相当；颇；有点儿
a
bit
稍微
very
非常
enough
足够
too
太
so
这样；这么
(6)疑问副词：置于句首
疑问副词
词义
疑问副词
词义
where
哪里
why
为什么
when
什么时候
how
怎么样
(7)其他副词
其他副词
词义
其他副词
词义
back
向后；回到；返回
off
不上课；休息；不工作
down
向下地
still
仍然
hard
努力地
yet
尚，还
out
外出；离开
ever
曾经；从来；在任何时候
【现学现用】
广西其他地市6年真题精选
9.
(2019贵港35题)—Why
was
Jim
late
for
work
this
morning
—He
________
got
up
late.
A.
nearly
B.
gradually
C.
hardly
D.
probably
10.
(2017北部湾经济区35题)She
closed
the
door
________
in
order
not
to
make
her
grandpa
awake.
A.
angrily
B.
loudly
C.
clearly
D.
quietly
11.
(2017河池32题)We
all
know
English
is
________
used
around
the
world.
A.
widely
B.
carefully
C.
specially
D.
luckily
12.
(2016贵港34题)—Have
you
ever
been
to
America
—No,
I
have
________
been
there.
A.
often
B.
never
C.
usually
D.
sometimes
13.
(2017贵港36题)—Have
you
visited
Shanghai
Disneyland
—Yes.
It
was
wonderful!
I
took
________
a
few
photos
there.
A.
very
B.
quite
C.
really
D.
hard
增补训练
14.
I
can't
hear
the
teacher
________
with
so
much
noise
outside.
A.
clearly
B.
nearly
C.
closely
15.
From
yesterday's
football
game,
I
do
________
feel
the
strength
of
team
work.
A.
wisely
B.
calmly
C.
deeply
16.
________
three
fourths
of
the
earth
is
covered
by
sea.
A.
Usually
B.
Hardly
C.
Nearly
17.
I
like
climbing
mountains
very
much.
So
I
________
do
it
on
weekends
with
my
friends.
A.
seldom
B.
often
C.
never
考点
3
形容词、副词的比较等级(6年5考)
分析近6年柳州中考真题可知，在单项选择和完形填空中考查形容词和副词的比较等级：①单项选择共考查1次不规则变化和3次规则变化，且规则变化题干均有提示词。如：than、of
all和of
the
three，选项包含原级、比较级和最高级；②完形填空考查1次规则变化，题干有提示词than
any
other。
针对此类试题，考生首先需要寻找比较等级的标志词或固定结构(如：than通常是比较级的标志词；one
of
后通常跟最高级；as...as中间通常是原级；句中有表示程度的副词修饰时用比较级)；当选项为不同等级而句中没有任何提示时，要根据语境判断并分析选项，确定最佳答案。在复习过程中要掌握形容词和副词比较等级的用法。
1.
原级的用法
常见结构：
情况
结构
例句
表示两者一样，即：A＝B
as＋adj./adv.原级＋as
English
is
as
interesting
as
Chinese.英语和汉语一样有趣。
表示两者不一样，即：A≠B
not
so/as＋adj./adv.原级＋as
It
is
not
as
important
as
homework.它没有家庭作业重要。[九(上)Module
6
P42]
表示A是B的一半
...half
as＋adj./adv.原级＋as...
Her
room
is
half
as
big
as
yours.她的房间是你房间的一半大。
2.
比较级的用法
(1)由表示程度的词组或副词a
little,
a
bit,
a
lot,
much,
even,
far等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。
(2)常见结构：
情况
结构
例句
表示两者进行比较时用比较级，即A>B
A...＋比较级＋than＋B或A...＋more
＋多音节形容词原级＋than＋B
My
sister
gets
up
earlier
than
me
every
day.我姐姐/妹妹每天都比我起得早。It
is
more
interesting
than
homework.它比家庭作业更有趣。
表示“A不及B
……”，即AA...＋比较级＋than＋B或A...＋less＋多音节形容词原级＋than＋B
The
film
is
less
funny
than
the
book.这部电影不及那本书有趣。
表示“越来越……”
比较级＋and＋比较级(多音节词和部分双音节词用“more
and
more＋形容词/副词原级”)
More
and
more
people
started
to
use
it
in
the
1990s.在20世纪90年代，越来越多的人开始用它。[九(上)Module
9
P78]
表示“越……，
就越……”
the＋比较级...,
the＋比较级...
The
more
carefully
you
do
in
the
exam,
the
fewer
mistakes
you
will
make.你在考试中越认真，犯得错就越少。
表示两者之间较……的一个
the＋比较级(of
the
two)
Jane
is
the
taller
of
the
two
sisters.
简是两姐妹中个子较高的那一个。
表示“……比……几倍”时
倍数＋比较级＋than
Tony
runs
three
times
faster
than
me.托尼跑得比我快三倍。
在两者之间进行选择，表示“哪一个更……”
Which/Who...＋比较级，
A
or
B？
Which
is
nearer
to
the
sun,
the
moon
or
the
earth？哪个离太阳更近，
月亮还是地球？
表示某一范围内的比较
主语＋...＋比较级＋than
any
other＋可数名词单数(＋in＋范围)
He
did
better
in
maths
than
any
other
boy
in
his
class.在数学方面，他比他班里的任何一个男生都要学得好。
主语＋...＋比较级＋than
the
other
＋可数名词复数(＋in＋范围)
He
is
taller
than
the
other
boys
in
his
class.他比他班里的其他男生都要高。
3.
最高级的用法
(1)三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，
用最高级。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,
副词最高级前可以不用加the。表示范围的in/of/among短语是最高级的标志。如：
This
is
the
most
comfortable
way
to
travel.这是最舒服的旅行方式。[八(上)Module
4
P28]
Dave
jumps
highest
of
all
the
students.
戴夫是所有学生中跳得最高的。
(2)常用结构：
结构
用法
主语＋...＋the＋形容词/副词最高级＋of/in/among
＋比较范围
He
is
the
thinnest
of
the
three
boys.他是三个男孩中最瘦的。
Which/Who＋...＋the＋形容词/副词最高级，
A,
B
or
C？表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择
Which
city
is
the
most
beautiful,
Beijing,
Shanghai
or
Fuzhou？哪个城市最漂亮，北京、上海还是福州？
主语＋be＋one
of＋the＋形容词最高级＋名词复数(＋in＋范围)，表示“最……的……之一”
He
is
one
of
the
best
players
in
our
school.他是我们学校最好的运动员之一。
the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数＋of/in/among＋比较范围，表示“第几最……”
She
is
the
second
tallest
girl
in
our
class.她是我们班第二高的女生。
【知识必备】
形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化和不规则变化
规则变化(6年4考)
类别
构成方法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词
直接在词尾加 er， est
youngfasthard
youngerfasterharder
youngestfastesthardest
以不发音的字母e结尾的加 r,
st
nicelarge
nicerlarger
nicestlargest
以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母，再加 er,
est
bigfathot
biggerfatter
hotter
biggestfattesthottest
以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i，再加 er,
est
happyeasyhealthy
happiereasierhealthier
happiesteasiesthealthiest
多音节词和部分双音节词
在原级前加more,
most
import antcareful
moreimport antmorecareful
the
most
importantthe
most
careful
(2)不规则变化(2018.36)
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
many/much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
【现学现用】
柳州6年真题(2014～2019)
18.
(2018柳州36题)Mr
Brown
has
written
some
short
stories,
but
he
is
________
known
for
his
plays.
A.
much
more
B.
the
most
C.
better
19.
(2014柳州34题)This
TV
set
is
________
than
that
one.
A.
big
B.
bigger
C.
biggest
20.
(2019柳州38题)Peter
studies
________
of
all
the
students
in
his
class.
A.
hard
B.
harder
C.
hardest
21.
(2015柳州33题)Daming
runs
________
of
the
three.
A.
fast
B.
faster
C.
the
fastest
6年真题精选
22.
(2019百色32题)Wang
Wei
speaks
English
as
________
as
Yang
Lan.
They
both
study
English
hard.
A.
good
B.
well
C.
better
D.
best
23.
(2019河池31题)Linda
is
________
of
the
three
girls,
but
she
is
the
tallest.
A.
young
B.
younger
C.
youngest
D.
the
youngest
24.
(2014桂林34题)The
Changjiang
River
is
the
________
river
in
China.
A.
longest
B.
longer
C.
long
25.
(2019桂林33题)Of
all
the
students
in
my
class,
Lily
studies
________.
A.
most
carefully
B.
carefully
C.
more
carefully
增补训练
26.
China
is
one
of
the
________
countries
in
the
world.
A.
old
B.
older
C.
oldest
27.
—I
can
hardly
see
the
words
on
the
screen.
—Well,
let's
go
and
take
the
front
seats
so
that
we
may
see
much________．
A.
clearly
B.
more
clearly
C.
most
clearly
28.
Peter
is
________
boy
in
our
class
and
he
often
helps
us
carry
heavy
things.
A.
strong
B.
stronger
C.
the
strongest
考点
4
形容词、副词填空——针对单词拼写(必考：每年1－2道)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
分析近6年柳州中考真题可知，在单词拼写中考查6次形容词，所给的汉语提示都是“……的”；考查4次副词，所给汉语提示均不含“……地”。
针对形容词拼写，若所给汉语带“的”，能直接判断出填形容词；若所给汉语不带“的”，就需根据句子结构来判断此处是否填形容词：
1.
位于名词前作定语。如：a
traditional
festival
2.
形容词＋and＋形容词。如：a
pretty
and
lovely
girl
3.
位于系动词后作表语。如：
The
cinema
was
half
empty.
4.
与形容词有关的固定搭配及句型。如：I
think
eating
vegetables
is
good
for
our
health.
5.
位于复合不定代词之后，修饰复合不定代词。如：Is
there
anything
new
about
your
design
6.
位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make,
leave,
keep等动词连用。如：You'd
better
keep
the
door
open.
针对副词拼写，若所给汉语有“……地”，则直接判断出填副词；若所给汉语没有“……地”，就需根据句子结构判断出此处是否填副词：
1.
位于实义动词之前或助动词、情态动词之后，常用频度副词。如：I
have
already
finished
my
homework.(2017.80)
2.
修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。如：People
in
the
US
always
open
their
gifts
immediately
when
they
receive
them.(2015.84);
however
hard
it
is(2014.84)
3.
动词＋副词的固定搭配。如：go
abroad(2016.84)
4.
位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子。如：
Luckily,
he
won
the
game.
【现学现用】
29.
It's
a
piece
of
cake
for
you,
but
for
me
it's
quite
________(困难的).
30.
Shopping
on
the
Internet
has
become
more
and
more
________(流行的)in
our
life.
31.
The
article
is
nearly
________(完美的).
However,
there
is
a
wrong
word
in
it.
32.
The
eating
habits
in
North
are________(不同的)
from
those
in
South.
33.
Mike,
come
here
please.
I
have
something
________(重要的)
to
tell
you.
34.
Deng
Chao
is
a
________(幽默的)
actor.
He
brings
us
a
lot
of
joy.
35.
________(最后),
I
would
like
to
thank
you
all
for
coming
here
today.
36.
I
________(通常)
ride
a
bike
to
school.
But
this
morning,
I
walked
to
school.
37.
The
boy
moved
quietly
into
the
hall
as
the
concert
had
________(已经)
begun.
38.
Don't
meet
an
“Internet
friend”
________(独自地),
because
something
dangerous
may
happen
to
you.
答案：difficult
popular
perfect
different
important
humorous
Finally
usually
already
alone
考点
5　用所给形容词、副词的适当形式填空——针对选词填空(6年9考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
选词填空题型自2018年开始5个词中有3个变形；2014－2017年不变形。具体考情如下：
(1)2018－2019年：形容词→副词(2019.85)，形容词→名词(2018.82)和副词→比较级(2018.83)；
(2)2014－2017年：形容词原形(6年3考)和副词原形(6年3考)。
针对此类试题，可以结合考点4来判断所填词的词性，然后结合语境选出正确的答案；在选词填空中考生要根据前后句子成分判断出所填词的具体形式：
1.
如何判断空格处使用副词(6年4考)(详见本专题考点4)
形容词与副词之间的转化
构成
示例
形容词后直接加 ly
polite→politely　
clear→clearlydeep→deeply
wise→wiselyusual→usually
slow→slowly
辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i，再加 ly
happy→happily　　easy→easilyangry→angrily
heavy→heavily
辅音字母加le结尾的形容词，去e加 y
simple→simply　
terrible→terriblypossible→possiblygentle→gently
少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加 ly
true→truly
2.
形容词→名词(如何判断空格处使用名词)
(1)位于冠词a/an/the后，如：The
Great
Wall
is
a
wonder
of
the
world.
长城是世界的一大奇迹。
(2)位于名词之后，即用于名词修饰名词的结构中。如：school
bus
safety。
(3)位于形容词或形容词性物主代词之后。如：Tell
me
its
length.
(4)位于介词之后(2018.82)。如：The
patient
is
out
of
danger.病人脱离危险了。
3.
填比较级
(1)若空前有much,
a
little等副词或空后有than,
则空处需用比较级(2018.83)；
(2)在the＋比较级...，the＋比较级结构中；若空前和空后出现as，构成“as＋adj.＋as”，空处用形容词原形；若空前有定冠词the，空处需用最高级；
(3)掌握形容词与副词比较等级的常见句型。如：the＋比较级...，the＋比较级)(具体详见本专题考点3)。
4.
如何判断空格处使用形容词(6年5考)(详见本专题考点4)
【现学现用】
39.
Don't
throw
rubbish
onto
the
ground,
and
we
should
keep
the
school
________．
40.
You
can
enjoy
water
sports,
or
________
lie
on
the
beach.
41.
For
your
________,
smoking
is
not
allowed
during
the
whole
flight.
42.
After
crying
for
some
time,
the
baby
fell________.
43.
I'm
able
to
finish
the
task.
________,
I
can
do
more
work.
44.
Jack
finds
it
difficult
to
pronounce
some
English
words
________.
45.
It
also
shows
that
humans
can
sometimes
be________
than
the
forces
of
nature.
46.
Lu
Xun's
works
show
people
the
________
of
Chinese
culture.
47.
Tom
studies________
these
days,
and
I
often
see
him
read
books
in
the
library.
48.
It
is
so________
that
I
can't
hear
you
clearly.
答案：clean
simply
safety
asleep
Besides
correctly
stronger
beauty
harder
noisy
形容词和副词
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