人教版高中英语选修七unit2 Robots Grammar Revision of Passive Voice and the Passive Infinitive(37PPT)

(共35张PPT)
Revision of
Passive Voice and the Passive Infinitive
Unit 2
Grammar
Go over the passive voice
be+ V+-ed/-en/-t
My hamburger was eaten by the
dog.
The toy is made by hand.
一、使用被动语态的情况
1. 我们不知道或没有必要说明动作的执
行者是谁的时候(这时不带by引起的短语)。
Printing was introduced to Europe from
China. (省略了by短语。）
Look! There is nothing here. Everything
has been taken away. (省略了by短语。）
2. 当我们出于礼貌、措辞圆通等方面的
考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁时。
You are requested to give a performance.
You are cordially(诚挚地) invited to a
party to be given at the Teachers' Club
at 3 p.m. Nov. 23.
3. 当我们强调或兴趣在动作的承受者
时(这时可带by引起的短语)。
The song was composed（组成; 写作）
by a student.
被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时
态的变化而变化。以give为例，各种时
态的被动语态形式为：
一般现在时：am/is/are＋given
【例句】
The first section of New College English is designed for speaking practice
and is based on pictures and topics.
　　
二、被动语态的时态结构构成
一般过去时：was/were＋ given
【例句】
These computers were made in our own country.
一般将来时：will/shall be＋given
【例句】
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony?
　
过去将来时：would be＋given
【例句】
The news would be sent to the
soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
现在进行时：am/is/are being＋given　
【例句】The machine is being repaired
in the workshop. The fifth generation
computers, with artificial intelligence,
____and perfected now.
A. developed
B. have developed
C. are being developed
D. will have been developed

过去进行时：was/were being＋given
【例句】
The house was being painted when Tom came back .

现在完成时：have/has been＋given
【例句】
Swift progress has also been made in culture and education.
过去完成时：had been＋given
【例句】
The huge bridge had been damaged
before the World WarⅡ.
　　
将来完成时：will/shall have been＋given
【例句】
The book will have been published by the end of next month.
1. 系动词，包括感官类，变化类，持续类，表象类，终结类 等等。
look, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, became, get, turn, remain, stay, prove, turn out 等
The dish tastes delicious.
The theory proved right at last.

三、不可以变成被动语态情况
wash, write, shut, beg, equal, fail，contain, cost, fit, have，lack, sell, read, write resemble(相似), suit 等。
The book is so interesting that it sells well.
This kind of cloth washes well. (耐洗)
This new English-Chinese dictionary
cost me ten dollars.
2. 某些表示状态或者特征的及物动词有时候也没有被动语态形式。这类动词常见的有：
如：战争爆发了。
可以说： The war broke out .
但不能说：The war was broke out.
3. 通常只有及物动词（组）才有被动语态，不及物动词没有。
1. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a
while, but soon ___ to his old ways.
A. returned B. returns C. was returned D. had returned
In some parts of the world, tea ____
with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
3. The new dictionaries are very useful.
They ____ well and _______ already.
A. sell, have been sold out B. sold, had sold out C. sell, sell out
D. are sold, have been sold out
4. The train ____ arrive at 11:30, but it
was an hour late.
A. was about to B. was likely to C. was supposed to D. was certain to
5. This dictionary mustn’t ____ from the
library.
A. take away B. taken away
C. are taken away D. be taken away
6. My shoes ____ . I went out for a new
pair.
A. is worn out B. wore out
C. were worn off D. were worn out
7. All the preparations for the task ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed
B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed
8. Some of the hotels in my hometown
_______. 　
A. have now been rebuilding
B. are now rebuilding
C. are now being rebuilt
D. are rebuilt now
The passive infinitive
???一、 不定式的被动形式有下列用法
1．作主语：
It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.
2．作宾语：
She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiangng.
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。
3．构成复合宾语：
He wanted the letter to be typed at once.
She didn’t like herself to be praised like that.
4．构成复合谓语：
The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room.
5．作定语：
Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers’ office?
6．作状语：
She was too young to be assigned such work.
二、被动的不定式有时还可以有完成结构，在句中作主语、宾语、定语
It is a good thing for him to have been criticized.（主语）
She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. (宾语)）
She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）
三、不定式的主动形式表示被动
1．在there be结构中。
例如： There is a lot of homework to do．
There is no time to lose .
2．在“n／pron + be + adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。
例如： He is hard to convince.

3．在“with+n+to do”结构中。
例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed． With so many exercises to do，I can‘t go to the cinema．
4．当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。
例如： I have a letter to type today．
(I是to type的逻辑主语) 对比:I have a letter to be typed .
Do you have anything to say?
(you是to say的逻辑主语)
5．当不定式隐含在for sb to do结构中
时。
This is the best book to read (=for us／you to read)． The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house．
1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains____ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
B
2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
B
2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only____ that the meeting had been put off.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
B
3. Do let your mother know all the truth because she appears____ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
D
4. With a lot of problems____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling
C. to settle D. being settled
C
5. When asked why he went there, he said
he was sent there for a space flight.
(江西卷)
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
6. The children talked so loudly at dinner
table that I had to struggle ______.
( 浙江卷)
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
Summary
The passive voice

The passive infinitive