Module 8 My future life 语法总结课件：宾语从句+定语从句（共52张PPT）

(共52张PPT)
Unit 1 Here’s to our friendship!
Unit2 I know that you will be better at maths.
I know that you will be better at maths.
These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt.
I give the white rose to my teachers, who have taught me that there is no success without effort.
I’m sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years, and the people whom you want to thank for it.
Read these sentences and think about their structures.
This is the film which I saw last night.
This is the film whose name is Titanic .
The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
which指物，作宾语
that指物，作主语
whose指人，作定语
whom指人，作宾语
who指人，作主语
Finger food is the food ______________________________
which we eat with our fingers
A handbag is a small bag _____________________________
which women use to carry their things
School- leavers are young people _____________________________
who are leaving school
Complete the sentences using which, that, who or whom.
1
A classmate is someone
______________________________
who is in the same class as me
A friend is someone
_____________________________
whom I trust
A stranger is someone
_____________________________
whom I don’t know
宾语从句三要素
引导词（连接词）
语 序
时 态
三、引导宾语从句的词有：
(1) 连词that (在口语中that常可省略）。如：
He knows (that) Jim will work hard.
在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾语从句中，that则不能省略。
1). 从句的主语是that。如：
He says that that is a real king’s hat.
他说那是一个真的王冠。
2). that从句中含有主从复合句。如：
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
3). 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：
It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays in ancient times.
卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。
4). 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。如：
She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son.
她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。
that 引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如：
He?says (that) they?have?returned?already．
他说他们已经回来了。
He?tells?me?that?he?was?born?in?1985.
他告诉我他生于1985年。
时态问题
如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将 来时，过去完成时）。如：
He?said (that) he?bought a?new?
dictionary．
他说他买了本新词典。
I?knew?they?were?studying?English．
我知道他们正在学英语。
如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。如：
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。
He said that time is life.
他说时间就是生命。
(2) 连接代词who, whom, which等，如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
(3) 连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：
Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
(4)由if和whether引导的宾语从句
Ⅰ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但if常用于口语中，whether比较正式。如：
Millie asked if / whether he liked this sweater.
米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。
The fisherman wants to know if / whether it will rain.
渔民想知道天是否会下雨。
Ⅱ. if和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：
Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me?
→Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?
其次要注意时态变化：
1). 若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：
He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home.
他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。
2). 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如：
Did the train leave? She didn’t know.
→She didn’t know if / whether the train had left.
Ⅲ. if和whether的区别
二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：
1). 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用whether，不用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
这是否对，我不能说。
2). 宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用whether，不能用if。如：
I don’t know whether or not he will come tomorrow.
我不知道他明天是否来。
3). 与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：
She can’t decide whether to go to America.
她不能决定是否去美国。
4). 从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.
我担心是否伤了她的感情。
5). 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用if，不能用whether。如：
Tom wants to know if he won’t come here tomorrow.
汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。
6). if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个用法。如：
If Simon comes here tomorrow, I’ll call you.
假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。
1. Uncle Wang came up to see __________ there was anything wrong with the machine.
if / whether
2. I don’t know __________ to go or stay.
3. ________ that is true, what should we do?
whether
If
4. ________ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell.
Whether
Complete the sentences with if / whether.
1.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：
I don’t know when will he leave. (误)
I don’t know when _____ _____ leave. (正)
he
will
注意事项
2. He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth ______ (go) round the sun.
goes
3.I don't think he looks like his father, __________?
They think he looks like his father, ___________?
We suppose Lucy has been to Dalian,__________?
does he
don’t they
hasn’t she
Look at the picture and the menu. Discuss the questions.
2
① How do you know that the party is
international?


② Why are the people cheering?


③ What do you think the person making a
speech is saying?
I think the party is international because the
food is international.
Because they are happy about
what the speaker is saying.
I think the speaker is saying that now
the speech is over and it is time to eat!
Around the world:
Pre-reading:
1. Who organises the dance?
2. What do they do to prepare for the dance?
3. Who will supervise the dance？
Around the world:
Junior high school dancers
In the US, students often have a school dance to celebrate the end of junior high. There is usually a student committee which organises the dance. They decorate the school gym with balloons, lights and other things so that it looks very nice. They plan the music and organise the food. Sometimes the parents help make the food and sometimes it comes from a restaurant. The girls usually wear pretty dresses and the boys wear smart clothes. They eat, dance and sometimes have competitions. The dance is usually supervised by teachers and parents.
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth ______ (go) round the sun.
goes
3.当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句(即反意疑问句)，那么附加疑问句应疑问在从句上，其他人称疑问在主句上，如：
I don't think he looks like his father, __________?
They think he looks like his father, ___________?
We suppose Lucy has been to Dalian,__________?
does he
don’t they
hasn’t she
4.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词联接（如, She said, “I’m a student.”）；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接（如, She said that she is thirteen）。直接引语的宾语从句可变为间接引语的宾语从句。
(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：
He said, “I'm happy.”
He said _______ he _____happy.
that
was
(2)一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。如：
He asked me, “Does his father know Mr. Green?”
He asked me_____ his father __________ Mr. Green.
if
knew
宾语从句与定语从句的区别
宾语从句相当于宾语，只是以一个句子的形式出现；而定语从句相当于形容词，用来修饰名词或代词。
宾语从句是做宾语的，一般是在动词或者介词后面；定语从句放在名词或代词的后面。
中考链接
( )1. — Excuse me. Could you tell me ____ ?
— It will leave at 4:00 p.m.
A. how will you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai
C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai D. when the bus will leave for Shanghai
D
( )2. I don’t know the girl in red. Could you tell me ________?
A. what is her name B. how old is she
C. who is she D. where she comes from
D
( )3. —Do you know the kid with ______ Bob is talking over there?
—Yes, it’s my cousin.
A. who B. that C. 不填 D. whom
D
( )4. --- Can you tell me _____ it is from home to school?
--- Sure. It’s about three kilometers.
A. how much B. how long
C. how far D. how soon
C
( )5. --- Do you know the man ______ is reading the book over there?
---Yes, he’s Mr. Green, our PE teacher.
A. which B. what C. whom D. who
D
( )6. The people _____ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing.
A. which B. whom C. who
C
( )7.—Could you tell me ________ the party?
—Next Friday.
A. where we are going to have
B. when we are going to have
C. when we were going to have
B
( )8. I don't know if she to my birthday party tomorrow. If she , I'll be very happy.
A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. comes; will come
B
( )9. Have you finished the book ____ you borrowed from the library?
A. which B. it C. what
A
( )10. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother _____ our school sports meeting tomorrow?　　
— I think she will come to school if she _____ free.　
A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is
C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be
C
( )11. —Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow.
—Yes. But if it ______, we’ll play chess instead.
A. will rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains
D
( )12.—Where did you go last week?
? —I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited the house he was born in.
A. that B. there
C. who D. whose
A
( )13.—I hear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.
—Look, the man _____ is working over there is her brother.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which
A
( )14. —Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind _____. It will be OK if there is sun, sea and beach.
A. where do we go B. where we go C. when we go
B
( ) 15. Steve Jobs is one of the persons ______ founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (时代).
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
A
( ) 16. — What are you looking for?
— I'm looking for the pen _______ my father gave me last week.
A. who B. which C. whose D. whom
B
( ) 17. Please pass me the cartoon book ______ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
( ) 18. “What do you think of the school uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes ______ make me feel comfortable.”
A. that B. what C. who
A
D
( ) 19.—I wonder ____________ at 8:00 last night? —I was watching NBA.
A. what were you doing
B. what did you do
C. what you were doing
D. what are you doing
C
( ) 20. I don't remember____________ the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put
C. where will I put D. where l will put
A
( ) 21. —Excuse me, Could you tell _____?
—Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left.
A. where is the museum
B. which is the way to the museum
C. how far is the museum
D. how can I get to the museum
B
( ) 22. Could you tell me ______ a
meeting in Guangzhou next week? (2013梅州)
A. if there was going to be
B. if there is going to be
C. whether is there going to be
D. whether there is going to have
B
( ) 23. Our physics teacher told us
light _______ faster than sound.

travels B. traveled
C. traveling D. to travel
A
( ) 24. —I don’t know _____.
— Because he has to look after his mother.
A. why he is leaving
B. why is he leaving
C. whether he is leaving
D. whether is he leaving
A
( ) 25. If you can’t find the place, I will show you _______.
A. what it is B. what it was
C. where it is D. where it was
( ) 26.The woman asked the policeman where _______.
A. the post office is B. was the post office
C. is the post office D. the post office was
D
C
( ) 27. “Underground” is the only word in the English language _______ begins and ends?with the letters “und”. ??????????A. what????????? B. that????????????
C. who???????? D. whom
( ) 28. What are you looking for? ?—I’m looking for the CD and EXO _______ I bought yesterday. ????????????A. that?????????? B. who????????
C. whose??????? D. when
B
A
单项选择
1. I like music _______ great lyrics.
A. that have B. that has
C. who have D. who has

2. They are talking about things and persons
_______ they saw there a few days ago.
A. who B. which C. that D. what
B
C
3. This is the highest building _______ I’ve ever seen.
A. which B. that C. what D. where

4. I really didn’t know anything _______ happened to Jim yesterday.
A. which B. whose C. when D. that
B
D
5. --- Who is the man _______ is standing over there?
--- Oh, he is my math teacher.
A. who B. whom C. that D. which

6. The building _______ is over one hundred years old is very famous here.
A. which B. what C. when D. where
C
A