2020年广西中考英语备考语法专题系列导学案：非谓语动词（含答案）

第一部分 语法专题突破
专题十二　非谓语动词
知识导图

考 点 精 讲
考点 1 动词不定式(6年5考)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. 基本形式：to＋动词原形，有时可以不用to，to为不定式符号，本身无意义。其否定结构为：not＋to＋动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
2. 基本用法
(1)作主语(2015.43)
不定式作主语时，往往用形式主语it代替，而将真正的主语放在句末，避免句子头重脚轻。如：
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
＝It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 学习一门外语并不容易。
拓展　 It代替不定式作形式主语的句型
①It is ＋adj.＋of sb. to do sth. “某人做某事真是……了”
②It is ＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth. “对某人来说做某事怎么样”
③It's one's turn to do sth. “轮到某人做某事了”
④It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. “某人花(了)多长时间做某事”
(2)作宾语(2016.43)
不定式一般用在及物动词后作宾语。其后跟补足语时常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式后置。如：You may find it useful to draw a timeline and write notes about each event. 你或许会发现画一个时间表和记录每一个事件是很有用的。[八(下)Module 10 P82](it是形式宾语，不定式to draw a timeline and write notes about each event是真正的宾语，useful是宾语补足语)
常见接动词不定式作宾语的有(v.＋to do sth.)：
agree同意
afford负担得起
would like想要
decide决定
expect期望
hope/wish希望
want想要
learn学习
manage完成；应付
begin开始
prepare准备
promise承诺
pretend假装
plan计划
refuse拒绝
(3)作宾语补足语(2017.39)
①在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结构中，不定式作宾语补足语。变为被动语态时，宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语。如：
It allows people to get closer to them. 这使人们能更加接近他们。[八(上)Module 6 P46]
→People are allowed to get closer to them.
常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的有(v.＋sb. to do sth.)：
tell告诉
ask要求
invite邀请
warn警告
want想要
teach教
allow允许
force强迫
expect期望
help帮助
advise建议
persuade说服
②使役动词let, make, have和表示感官的动词see, hear, watch, notice, feel等后要用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语(2017.39)。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的to要补上。如：
We often hear her sing. →She is often heard to sing by us.我们经常听见她唱歌。
【速记口诀】
一感(feel), 二听(listen to, hear)，
三让(let, make, have)，
四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。
(4)作定语
动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。如：
I don't have a partner to practise speaking English.我没有一个可以和我一起练习说英语的同伴。
(5)作状语(2019.35，2014.44)
不定式作状语主要表示原因、目的和结果等。如：
I'm sorry to hear you were ill.听到你病了的消息我感到难过。(不定式表原因)
To arrive on time, he got up very early.为了按时到达，他很早就起床了。(不定式表目的)
She is old enough to travel all by herself.她已经到了可以独自旅行的年龄了。(不定式表结果)
拓展　 动词不定式的特殊句型
①It's time to do sth.是做某事的时候了。
②too...to... 表示“太……而不能……”。
③...enough to... 表示“……足够……”。
④prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。
⑤had better＋(not)＋省略to的不定式，表示“最好(不)做……”。
⑥Will/Could/Would you please＋省略to的不定式？表示“请你做……好吗？”。
⑦Why don't you ＋省略to的不定式？＝Why not ＋省略to的不定式？表示“你为什么不……？”。
考点 2 动名词(2019.40，2015.39)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1. 基本形式：v.-ing，它与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。
2. 基本用法
用法
说明
例句
作主语
动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数
Saying so much is useless.说这么多没有用。
作宾语
动词宾语
动词enjoy，practice，finish，mind等后接动名词作宾语(2019.40, 2015.39)
Kids there really enjoy playing football.那里的孩子真的喜欢踢足球。[九(下)Module 2 P10]
介词宾语
短语be interested in，be proud of，be worth，give up等后接动名词作宾语
I have no experience in teaching English.我没有教英语的经验。
作定语
通常位于名词前
We need a washing machine.我们需要一台洗衣机。
作表语
表示主语具有抽象名词特性
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
3. 常见接动名词的词汇或句型：
词汇
avoid避免， consider考虑， enjoy喜欢， finish完成， imagine 想象，　keep坚持， mind介意，　suggest建议， practice练习， miss想念
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
be worth doing sth.值得做某事
be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事
can't/couldn't help doing sth.情不自禁做某事
keep on doing sth.继续做某事
look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事
feel like doing sth.想要做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事
句型
How/What about doing sth.？做某事怎么样？
What do you think of doing sth.？你认为做某事怎么样？
Thanks for doing sth.感谢做某事。
Would you mind(sb./one's) doing sth.? 你介意(某人)做某事吗？
sb. spend(s)/spent some time (in) doing sth.某人花费时间做某事。
There is no need/use/harm(in) doing sth.做某事没有必要/没有用/没有坏处。
【巧学妙记】
完成练习值得忙(finish, practise, be worth, be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on, be used to, give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider, suggest, can't help, feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)
拓展　 既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词





综 合 提 升
柳州6年真题面对面(2014～2019)
1. (2019柳州35题)He ran as fast as he could ________ the bus but he failed.
A. catch B. to catch C. caught
2. (2016柳州43题)Lucy and Lily decided ________ their aunt in the countryside.
A. see B. to see C. seeing
3. (2015柳州43题)It's time ________ home now.
A. go B. goes C. to go
4. (2014柳州44题)Don't worry, Mrs. Brown. We promise to do what we can ________ your lost son.
A. find B. to find C. finding
5. (2019柳州40题)Lily enjoys ________ a film at the weekend.
A. see B. to see C. seeing
6. (2015柳州39题)—Shall we go ________ tomorrow, dad?
—Good idea.
A. swam B. swimming C. swim
7. (2017柳州39题)Let's ________ home. It's late now.
A. go B. going C. to go
广西其他地市6年真题精选
8. (2019河池33题)My parents don't allow me ________ TV on school nights.
A. to watch B. watch
C. watches D. watching
9. (2018贵港37题)—Sam, don't forget ________ the book to the library tomorrow.
—OK, I won't.
A. return B. returning
C. returned D. to return
10. (2015南宁32题) The WWF is working hard ________ the animals in danger.
A. save B. to save
C. saves D. saved
11. (2018梧州33题)Jim went to the library ________ some science magazines yesterday.
A. borrow B. borrows
C. to borrow D. borrowed
12. (2017桂林36题)The zoo asks the visitors ________ the animals.
A. not feed B. not to feed C. don't feed
13. (2019桂林37题)________ more books, and you will improve your reading skills.
A. Reading B. Read C. Reads
14. (2017来宾40题)Linda works hard and she practices ________ English every day.
A. speak B. speaks
C. speaking D. to speak
15. (2019桂林34题)Time is limited! You'd better ________ your time any more.
A. not to waste B. waste C. not waste
增补训练
16. Harry invited me ______ with him when his parents were out of town.
A. stay B. to stay C. staying
17. We set up this group ________ disabled people like Ben Smith.
A. help B. to help C. helping
18. The workers are busy ________ windows of the new building these days.
A. fix B. to fix C. fixing
19. The man lost his key. It made him ________ in the cold to wait for his wife's return.
A. to stay B. stayed C. stay
20. I have a cold. I don't feel like ________ anything.
A. to eat B. eat C. eating