高中主谓一致---基础版辅导教案
学习目标 1．掌握主谓一致的用法并灵活运用于各种语境中。2．(1). 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。(2). one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.
教学内容
一、主谓一致【知识梳理】1．概念：在句子中，谓语动词必须在人称和数上和主语保持一致。2．主语一致的情况?1）并列结构作主语时①由and，both...and连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，如果表示的人或物是不同的，或表示其他不同的观念时,谓语动词用复数。如：?Carl and Jack are my good friends.卡尔和杰克是我的好朋友。?如果表示的是同一人或物、同一观念时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：?Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有营养的。?②两个作主语的名词或代词由or，not only...but also...，either...or...，neither...nor...连接时,谓语动词应遵循就近原则，与后面那个主语的人称和数保持一致。如：?Neither you nor he is late.你和他都没有迟到。?③由and连接两个表示单数概念的名词作主语，其主语有every，each，no，many a等词修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：?Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting.?所有的老师和同学都对收藏感兴趣。?④当主语是单数的时候，即使其后有with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，like，besides，but，except，in addition to等词引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：?A woman with two children was seen walking down the street.?有人看到一个妇女带着两个小孩朝街道那边走去了。3．2）单一名词作主语时的主谓一致?①有些学科名词，在形式上虽然是复数形式，但其实质意义表示单数概念。它们作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：?No news is good news.没消息就是好消息。（谚语）?②表示偶数出现、且不能拆成单数的工具名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：My glasses are broken.我的眼镜被打碎了。?③动名词、不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，从句作主语时也用单数形式。如：Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（百闻不如一见）?④有些集体名词既可以表示单数，又可以表示复数，这类集体名词作主语时，如果它们所表示的人或物是作为一个整体来理解，谓语动词用单数形式；如果作为若干个体来理解，则谓语动词用复数形式。如：?Our class is diligent.我们班的同学都很刻苦。?Our class are visiting the park next week.我们班下星期要参观那个公园。4．其他情况的主谓一致1）the+形容词“the+形容词”表类别、一类人或物，当它表示一类人时谓语动词用复数，当它表示一类物时谓语动词用单数。如：?The beauty is hers.这些漂亮的玩意是她的。（表物）2）one of在one of+复数名词或代词+从句这样的结构中，谓语动词用单数形式。如：One of them is American. 他们当中有一个是美国人。可用于这样结构的还有：neither of，either of，each of等。3）none ofnone of后面如果连接的是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如果后面接的是可数名词，则谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。如：None of his classmates knows（know）the truth.他的同学都不知道事情的真相。4）number ofnumber of前加a表示“许多的、大量的”，其后接复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。number of前加the表示数量、数目，其后无论接可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用单数形?式。如A number of people have moved into new houses.许多人搬进了新房。The number of students in class is thirty.教室里有30人在上课。?5）there be+并列主语在there be+并列主语这一句型中，一般情况下谓语动词的选择遵循就近原则，与最近的一个主语的人称和数保持一致。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌上有一枝笔和两本书。6）many a/more than one...many a/more than one +单数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，意为“不止一个”。如：Many a student is having practice.许多同学正在练习。More than one student was late for school.昨天不止一个人上学迟到了。more than two（three...）+复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，意为“两个（三?个……）以上”。如：More than two students were late for school yesterday.昨天有两个以上的学生迟到了。7）主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Four kilometers is not very far.四公里不算远。8）分数或百分数+of+词组在分数或百分数+of+词组作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如：Two fifths of students are girls.有五分之二的学生是女生。Ten percent of families owns a car.10%的家庭有小汽车。5．概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。6．主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。语法一致：主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。( 1).由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：①The worker and writer ______(be) from Wuhan.那个工人兼作家②The worker and the writer ______ (be) from Beijing. 那位工人和那位作家③The secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were1) 这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：① My brother and I have both seen that film.② Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.③ The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.(3)这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式,这时 and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例：① The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.② War and peace is a constant theme in history.③ One more knife and fork is needed.④Bread and butter is our daily food.⑤ Law and order has been established.2)这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：① Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt.② No sound and no voice is heard.③ Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.④ Every minute and every second is precious.(2). 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Reading is a great pleasure in life.② To live means to create.③ That we need more time is obvious.④ What is needed is food and medicine.(3). 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Three thousand miles is a long distance.② Eight hours of sleep is enough.③ Ten dollars is enough for him.④Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried(4).不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：① Is anybody going to tell him the news ?② Someone wants to see you.③Anybody who _______ ( break / breaks) the rule will be punished. breaks(5).倒装句中的语法一致①Two pictures ______ on the wall, which attract many people.②On the wall _____ two pictures, which attract many people.③Their teacher ______ among the students, who is in her thirties.④Among the students _____ their teacher, who is in her thirties7．就近原则(1).由连词or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin’s movies.③. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.④. George or Tom is wanted.(2).注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：①. There aren’t any letters in the mail for you today.②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.③. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.(3).名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：①. All but one were here just now.②. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.③. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.④. You as well as I are wrong.8．意义一致(1)代词none, neither, all的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：All hope has gone.All are agreed on this point.—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.None has returned from the meeting.(2).集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.His family _______very large. His family _______music lovers. The group ____ made up of nine students. The group____ dancing happily注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples)(3).限定词短语all of…; none of…; a lot of…; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：None of these suggestions are very helpful.I don’t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.(4).代词作主语Neither dog _____ big. ( A. is B. are ) Neither of them _____ big. ( A. is B. are )Neither rabbit _____ handsome. ( A. is B. are )Neither of the rabbits _____ handsome.. ( A. is B. are )（neither + 单数名词 → 谓语动词用单数； none／neither of +可数名词 谓语动词用单数或复数；none of+不可数名词 →谓语动词用单数） 1）.None of these people ___ doctors. A. has B. have C. are D. was 2）Neither of them ___ a good singer. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be 3）.Neither of us ________ (was/were) ready when the party began. 4）. None of them ________ (has/have) watched the talk show. CC; were; have(5).主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .2.) Many means have not come into effect.(6).the＋adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor等the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等。如，The old ____ taken good care of in our society.The rich ____ for the decision but the poor are against it.The wounded ____ a young boy.The beautiful _____not always the same as the good.The new______ sure to replace the old.9．抽象概念主语（to do,-ing,主语从句）+V单To learn English well needs constant practice.Serving the people is my great happiness.When we will go to the factory has not been decided.When and where we shall go remains unknown.When we shall go and where we shall go remains unknown. 注意1：what主语从句+V单（usu.），但复数表语what主语从句+V复What he has said is true.What he left me were only two old bookcases.What remained were only burnt trees. 注意2：从句A and 从句B（表两件事情）+V复What caused the accident and why he didn’t turn up on time are still unknown.A and B (表两个概念）+V复A and B(表单一概念）+V单（ and后面的名词没有冠词）The singer and the dancer are to visit our school next month.The singer and dancer is to visit our school next month.10．定语从句中的主谓一致：He is one of the boys who are fond of music.He is the only one of the students who is always late.He is the one of the students who is always late.I, who am your friend, will come to you whenever you are in difficulty. 强调句中的主谓一致：It was Alice and Mary who/that were late this morning.11．主谓一致与高考1.语法填空中所给动词作谓语时，要考虑主谓一致。2.短文改错中也常有主谓一致错误。 常考主谓一致原则1. 语法一致原则，复数主语用复数动词。?2. 语法一致原则，单数主语用单数动词。?3. 意义一致原则，若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数。本句中的the United States虽然形式上是复数，但指的是一个国家，替代它的which作主语，谓语用单数。?4. 语法一致原则， “A as well as /together with /with B”结构在主语位置时，主语是A，因此，谓语动词与A保持一致。?5. 就近原则，由or，either…or，nor，neither… nor，not only…but also，not…but连接的并列主语，通常按照就近一致原则，谓语动词的单、复数形式依照靠近它的主语而定。?6. 语法一致原则，many a(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。?7. 意义一致原则，表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等的复数名词做主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。?8. 语法一致原则，主语后面接说明主语的修饰语together with，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。?9. 意义一致原则，以-ics结尾表示学科的名词做主语，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。?10. 语法一致原则，当主语是both…and连接的并列结构，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，则谓语动词用复数。?11. 意义一致原则，复数形式的专有名词（表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等）作主语，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数。12. 语法一致原则，one of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only，the very，the等限定词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式, 如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形式。?13. 意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。?14. 意义一致原则，集体名词class如果作个别成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式。15. 当“(large) quantities of+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。?16. 当what引导主语从句，或由 and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词的数应根据意义一致的原则来决定。?17. 语法一致原则，非谓语动词 (动词的?ing形式、不定式)作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。18. 当“each + of+名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。?19. 语法一致原则，从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数形式。【例题精讲】例1．Present at the historic meeting many an official on Nov 7, of course President Xi Jinping and Ma Ying-jeou .A. was; included B. was; includingC. were; included D. has been; included例2．It was human errors, rather than the natural disaster, for the death of so many innocent people in the landslide at an industrial park in Shenzhen.A. which is blamedB. that is to blameC. which are blamedD. that are to blame例3．一Tom, were all the students on the school bus injured?一No, only the three who got hurt.A. there wasB. there wereC. that wasD. it was例4． on both sides of the street excited fans who wanted to see the famous singing star.A. Standing; wasB. Waiting; wereC. Arriving; wasD. Living; were例5．Look, beautiful flowers the girl carrying that she becomes the focus in the room.A. such; isB. so; areC. how; isD. what; are例6．一Tom, were all the students on the school bus injured?一No, only the three who got hurt.A. there wasB. there wereC. that wasD. it was例7．它表明了当今的一个普遍现象：孩子是家庭的中心。(使用同位语从句) 例8．语法填空 Our school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools’. ?There (1) (be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building. The number of the books (2) (be) large, and maybe there are 100,000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200,000 dollars. Maybe 200,000 dollars (3) (be) large to every student. In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who (4) (have) a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student (5) (like) to surf the Internet at weekends here, and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John (6) (play) computer games there. When you turn to another room, you will find that a professor and writer (7) (deliver) a speech. Each boy and each girl (8) (focus) on his interesting speech. Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always (9) (cheer) up. You are entering our art exhibition. A teacher with his students is at the room. On the wall (10) (be) 100 pictures, which attract many students. An expert and teacher is explaining something important to us. 例9．我最在乎的是和你在一起的美好记忆。(使用主语从句) 【巩固练习】1．Contrary to what we had expected, the noodles and rice they served on the plane quite delicious.A. are B. isC. were D. was2． The old town has narrow streets and small houses where are built close to each other. 3．Even more widespread the copying of music and the pirating of software, especially with the development of new computer programs.A. isB. doesC. areD. do4．A number of students playing on the ground but I don?t know what the exact number .A. is; are B. is; is C. are; areD. are; is5．The?watch?and?chain?as?well?as?the?ring _______ of?gold.A. are made B. were made C. is made D. was made 6．One-third?of?the?country??????????covered?with?trees?and?the?majority?of?the?citizens?????????black?people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is7． I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whom help I would never have got this far. 8．? The ability? _____? an idea is as important as the idea itself? A. to express????? B. expressed????? C. expressing??? D. to cover 课后巩固1．What?a?great?weight?she?felt???????????off?her?mind?the?moment?she?heard?she?had?passed?the?College?Entrance?Examination!A. takeB. to takeC. takingD. taken2．Tom, our manager, for America in two days and he has asked me to find out when the earliest plane ________ next Sunday.A. is to leave; is going to take offB. will leave; is taking off C. is leaving; takes offD. leaves; will take off3．To tell you the truth, I think it is you, Tim, to blame.A. more than; who isB. rather than; that areC. other than; that isD. less than; which are4．When and where we’ll hold the meeting not been decided yet. A. has B. is C. have D. are5．The president, along with his assistants, .A. have arrived B. are arriving C. has arrived D. had arrived 6．We have dealt with a large part of the problems, and the rest by you. A. remains to solve B. remains to be solved C. remain to be solved D. remain to solve
