(共42张PPT)
语法互动01 名词
第一篇 语法突破篇
考点一 可数名词
1.可数名词的复数形式
(1)规则变化:
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s p→maps bag→bags
bomaok→books
以s, x, sh, ch等结尾的词 加-es bus→buses watch→watches
wish→wishes box→boxes
(特例:stomach→stomachs)
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词 去y,再加-ies baby→babies city→cities
（续表）
情况 构成方法 例词
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词 加-s monkey→monkeys
holiday→holidays
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词 表示无生命的词,加-s photo→photos piano→pianos
表示有生命的词,加-es Negro→Negroes hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
【巧学妙记】 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
（续表）
情况 构成方法 例词
以“元音字母+o”结尾的词 加-s zoo→zoos radio→radios
kangaroo→kangaroos
video→videos
（续表）
情况 构成方法 例词
以f或fe 结尾的词 大多数变f或fe为ve,
再加-s shelf→shelves thief→thieves
knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves
【巧学妙记】 名词变复数变f/fe为ve,再加-s的单词:
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),
架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命忙。
(2)不规则变化:
类别 构成方法 例词
复合
名词 将主体名词变为复数 bus stop→bus stops
boy student→boy students
looker-on(旁观者)→lookers-on
man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时,两部分都变为复数 man doctor→men doctors
woman teacher→women teachers
sport修饰名词时,无论主体词是单数还是复数,sport通常用复数形式 a sports club sports shoes
（续表）
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊
名词 改变单数名词中的元音字母 foot→feet tooth→teeth
man→men woman→women
mouse→mice
词尾加-en或-ren ox→oxen(公牛) child→children
单复数形式相同 sheep→sheep deer→deer
spacecraft→spacecraft
只有复数形式 trousers glasses(眼镜) clothes pants jeans scissors
（续表）
类别 构成方法 例词
特殊
名词 表示“某国人”的名词的单、复数形式 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese
Japanese→Japanese
变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen
Frenchman→Frenchmen
词尾加-s German→Germans Roman→Romans
American→Americans
Canadian→Canadians
【巧学妙记】 中日不变,英法变, 其他后面加-s
2.集体名词的数
(1)集体名词以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people(人们), police(警察)。如果要表达单数形式则要用其他名词。如:
一名警察 a police (×) a policeman/policewoman(√)
一个人 a people(×) a person(√)
(2)family, class, team等,它们以单数形式出现,但实为复数。若它们作主语时,当强调整体时谓语用单数,强调整体中的各个成员时则谓语用复数。
[注意] 以s结尾但仍为单数的名词,如maths, politics, physics等学科名词(不可数名词),news(不可数名词)和the United States等。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名等也视为单数。
【针对训练】
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.People in the West use (knife) and forks to eat.?
2.There are many (box) here.?
3.There are many (bus) on the road.?
4.A few (boy) are drawing on the wall.?
5.The (child) are flying kites in the park now.?
6.We will report these (hero). They are the pride of our country.?
knives
boxes
buses
boys
children
heroes
7.My parents are (German), but they need to live and work in England.?
8.There are some (sheep) eating the grass.?
9.—How long does it take you to get to school?
—About 20 (minute) by subway.?
10.Lucy was surprised to see some (mouse) running inside her room at night.?
Germans
sheep
minutes
mice
二、单项选择
1.[2019·百色改编] I’d like some and .?
A.banana; tomato B.bananas; tomato
C.bananas; tomatoes
C
2.[2019·桂林] Americans always use to have meals while Chinese use chopsticks.?
A.knife B.bowl
C.forks
[解析]考查名词单复数的用法。空格前面没有任何限定词,可知此处应用复数名词表达。故选C。
C
3.[2018·北部湾改编] My uncle works in a hospital. He is a/an .?
A.doctor B.farmer
C.actor
[解析]考查名词辨析。由“My uncle works in a hospital. 我的叔叔在医院工作。”可以推测“我的叔叔是一位医生”。故选A。
A
4.—Would you like some ??
—Yes, please, just a few.
A.oranges B.pork
C.rice
[解析]根据答语关键词“a few”可知,空格处应该用可数名词的复数形式。pork, rice为不可数名词;orange作可数名词时,意为“橘子”。故选A。
A
5.[2018·河池改编] —Mum, I have a bad headache. I feel terrible.
—Oh, dear! You must get a cold. I have to take you to see . ?
A.a violinist B.a doctor
C.a policeman
[解析]考查名词辨析。由“have a bad headache”以及“get a cold”可知要去“看病”。故选B。
B
6.[2018·玉林改编] —Hey, boys. Look at the falling .?
—Well, it’s telling us that autumn is coming.
A.leaf B.leafs
C.leaves
[解析]考查名词的用法。由答语中的it可知前面指的是一片落叶,故选A。
A
考点二 不可数名词
1.概述
不可数名词:不能直接用数字计数的名词,通常没有复数形式,也不能用a或an修饰。常见的不可数名词见下表:
类别 例词
液体类 water, milk, juice, orange, coffee, tea, Coke, rain, wine
肉类 meat, fish, chicken, beef, pork, mutton
语言类 Chinese, Japanese, English, French, German
材料类 paper, glass, grass, bamboo, silk, cotton, wood, plastic, hair
（续表）
类别 例词
其他类 snow, ice, weather, music, money, homework,
housework, information, rubbish
2.不可数名词的量化表达
(1)表示不定数量时,一般用some, much, a little, a lot of, lots of, plenty of等来表示。如:
一些水some water; 一点儿牛奶a little milk
(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构表示。当数词大于1时,后面的量词要用复数形式。如:
一片面包a piece of bread;两杯水two glasses of water;三袋米three bags of rice
[注意] a lot of, lots of, some, plenty of等既能修饰可数名词复数,又能修饰不可数名词。
3.既可数又不可数的名词
有些名词既能用作可数名词,又能用作不可数名词,但意义不同。如:
chicken—鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数) room—房间(可数);空间(不可数)
glass—玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数) time—次数(可数);时间(不可数)
work—作品(可数);工作(不可数) experience—经历(可数);经验(不可数)
fruit—水果(不可数);各种水果(可数) food—食物(不可数);各种食品(可数)
paper—纸(不可数);试卷、论文(可数) exercise—锻炼(不可数);练习(可数)
【针对训练】
1.[2019·柳州] I’m not hungry at all because I have just had much .?
A.bread B.pears
C.eggs
[解析]much修饰不可数名词, bread面包,不可数。故选A。
A
2. Help yourself to some ,
Jim.?
A.potato B.fish
C.egg
[解析]some意为“一些”,既可接可数名词复数,也可接不可数名词。A、C项都是可数名词单数;fish表示“鱼肉” 时,是不可数名词。故选B。
B
3. —Are you thirsty?
—Yes, please give us .?
A.three bottle water
B.three bottle of water
C.three bottles of water
[解析]water是不可数名词,表达一定数量要借助量词,表示“三瓶水”用three bottles of water。故选C。
C
4.[2018·柳州] —I’m thirsty.
—There is some in the glass. You can drink it.?
A.bananas B.water
C.pears
[解析]考查名词辨析。根据标志词thirsty可以判断是口渴,且根据空格前的is some 知填不可数名词。故选B。
B
5.[2018·梧州改编] —Would you like something to drink?
—Yes, please.?
A.some coffee
B.some cakes
C.some dumplings
[解析]考查名词辨析。根据上句“Would you like something to drink?”可知,答语中横线上的词应当是表示可以饮用的东西。故选A。
A
6. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and .?
A.some rice B.a few rice
C.a little rices
[解析]rice为不可数名词,无复数形式。some可以修饰不可数名词。故选A。
A
7.[2019·郴州] —I know little about this product.
—Surf the Internet, and you will get much
about it.?
A.information B.message
C.suggestion
[解析]考查不可数名词。much修饰不可数名词,information信息,不可数名词;message 信息,可数名词;suggestion建议,可数名词。故选A。
A
8. There’s little left at home. Go and buy some, dear.?
A.carrots B.potatoes
C.meat
C
考点三 名词所有格的构成
1.名词所有格用于表示名词之间的所有关系,有两种形式: ‘s 所有格和of 所有格。
2.名词所有格的构成规则如下:
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命
的名词 一般在词尾加“‘s” the boy’s bag 男孩的书包
以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘” Teachers’ Day 教师节
不以-s,-es结尾的复数名词在词尾加“‘s” Women’s Day妇女节
（续表）
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命
的名词 如果两个名词并列,且分别有“‘s”,则表示“分别所有”;若只在后一个名词后有“‘s”,则表示“共有” Kate’s and Mary’s rooms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(两个房间)
Kate and Mary’s room凯特和玛丽共有的房间(一个房间)
双重所有格的两种形式:of+名词所有格;of+名词性物主代词 a friend of my sister’s
我姐姐的一个朋友
a friend of mine我的一个朋友
（续表）
类别 构成方法 示例
有生命
的名词 “‘s”可表示店铺或某人的家,其后的名词一般可省略 at the doctor’s 在诊所
at Li Lei’s 在李雷家
somebody,everybody等不定代词与else连用时,“‘s”加在else后面 somebody else’s book
别人的书
（续表）
类别 构成方法 示例
无生命
的名词 表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词,也可加“‘s”或“‘”来构成所有格 two days’ holiday
两天的假期
用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格 the title of the song
歌曲的名字
【针对训练】
1. Paul is a friend of .?
A.my brother B.my brothers
C.my brother’s
C
2.—Henry, have you seen the English book on the desk? If you see it, please take it to the office.?
—OK.
A.teachers’; teachers’
B.teacher’s; teachers’
C.teacher’s; teacher’s
[解析]第一个空格表示“(讲台上)老师用的桌子”,第二个空格表示“(多个老师共用的)教师办公室”。故选B。
B
3.[2019·青海] —Whose jackets are these?
—They are . They said they lost them
yesterday.?
A.our B.Li Lei and Li Tao’s
C.Li Lei’s and Li Tao’s
[解析]考查名词所有格。由jackets可知是两人各自的夹克,表示两人分别有。故选C。
C
4.The online shop sells shoes at
a very low price.?
A.child and men’s
B.children and men’s
C.children’s and men’s
[解析]child的复数为children,表示“儿童的”用children’s; man的复数形式为men,表示“男士的”用men’s。故选C。
C
5.—Cindy, how far is it from your home to school?
—About 20 walk.?
A.minutes B.minute’s
C.minutes’
[解析]空格前有基数词20修饰,其后的名词应用复数形式,故填minutes,但空格处表示的是20“分钟的”步行,要在minutes后加“‘”。故选C。
C
6. mothers can’t go to the parents’ meeting because they are too busy. ?
A.Jack’s and Paul
B.Jack’s and Paul’s
C.Jack and Paul’s
[解析]mothers是复数形式,说明此处指的是各自的母亲,表示各自拥有时需要在每个名词后分别加上“‘s”,故选B。
B
7.The man in a hat is teacher.?
A.Jack and John
B.Jack’s and John
C.Jack and John’s
[解析]考查名词所有格。由题意可知这位男士是他们共同的老师,表示共有直接在最后一个名词后加’s,故选C。
C
8.A classmate of was here ten minutes ago.?
A.you B.yours
C.your sister
B
|语法互动01 名词|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·白银改编] —Here is my family . We took it last year.?
—What a happy family!
A.member B.name C.photo
2.[2019·大庆改编] The problems are difficult to solve. Please give me .?
A.some advices B.some advice
C.an advice
3.[2019·青岛改编] —Lucy, how about going to the ? ?
—Sounds great! Reading books can give us much pleasure.
A.library B.cinema C.museum
4.[2019·重庆改编] —I have a bad cold.
—Sorry to hear that. You’d better go to see a at once.?
A.doctor B.cook C.writer
5.[2019·天津改编] The of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital. ?
A.silence B.purpose C.culture
6.[2019·凉山改编] Hurry up! Some and are on sale in the supermarket. ?
A.tomato; egg
B.tomatoes; egg
C.tomatoes; eggs
7.[2019·成都] —Sally’s favorite is orange. ?
—I see. That’s why all her sweaters are orange.
A.fruit B.color C.juice
8.[2019·天水改编] After playing football for more than half an hour, the students took rest.?
A.a few minute’s
B .a little minute’s
C .a few minutes’
9.[2019·玉林改编] —Can I help you, Madam?
—Yes. , please.?
A.Two pair of socks
B.Two pairs of socks
C.Two pairs of sock
10.[2019·贺州改编] The woman wearing a pair of glasses is .?
A.Lily and Lucy’s mother
B.Lily’s and Lucy’s mother
C.Lily’s and Lucy’s mothers
11.[2019·北部湾改编] In China, the color red is the of good luck.?
A.dream B.way C.symbol
12.[2019·淮安改编] Betty has a beautiful . She wants to be a singer in the future. ?
A.voice B.look C .sound
13.[2019·河北改编] I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite . ?
A.singers B.dancers C.painters
14.[2019·湘西] —What would you like to eat?
—Some , please.?
A.bread B.carrot C.teas
15.[2019·天水] —Look! They are .?
—Yes. We are proud of them.
A.man scientist B.women scientists
C.woman scientists
16.[2019·宜昌改编] —Time past can not be called back again.
—Yes. Wasting time is a .?
A.pressure B.fairness C.shame
17.[2019·贵港改编] —The air is very fresh in our city. There is less than before.?
—Yes. The government has taken action to protect the environment.
A.wood B.pollution C.noise
18.[2019·温州改编] —Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our ??
—Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.
A.hotel B.school C.factory
19.[2019·苏州改编] —Keep quiet! I need complete when I’m working.?
—Sorry, Dad. I won’t make any noise again.
A.trust B.silence C.control
20.[2019·山西] To keep our city beautiful, the are always very busy in the streets. We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere.?
A.policemen B.cleaners C.drivers
21.[2019·黄冈改编] —Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?
—I’m afraid that we have no but to take a taxi.?
A.idea B.decision C.choice
22.[2019·临沂] If I leave my house at 9 o’clock and drive to the airport, I’ll arrive at about 11. So it’s about two
drive from my house to the airport. ?
A.hours’ B.hour’s
C.hours
23.—May I take your order, sir?
— ?
A.Chicken with vegetable and two bowls of rice.
B.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice.
C.Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rice.
24.—Alice, which season do you like best?
—Autumn. The fallen are like a thick blanket on the ground. What beautiful scenery it is!?
A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves
25.We’re going to have next month.?
A.two day’ holiday
B.two day holiday
C.two days’ holiday
26.Will you have a little ??
A.more fishes B.more fish C.fishes
27.Please give me .?
A.two pieces of paper
B.two piece of paper
C.two piece of papers
28.—Whose umbrella is it?
—It’s .?
A.someone else’s B.someone else C.someone’s else
29.Being honest is the first if you want to make friends with others.?
A.step B.time C.job
30.There are some on the floor. ?
A.milk B.child C.boxes
31.—Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ??
—Of course. But don’t eat too much.
A.bread B.noodle C.dumpling
32.—What can I do for you?
—Err, I want a glass of milk, some bread and .?
A.some chickens B.any chickens
C.some chicken
33.—Do you have any ??
—Yes, I like chess and drama best.
A.jobs B.duties C.hobbies
34.Tom is in good health, because he often exercises and eats a lot of healthy .?
A.food B.water C.pear
35. are planning to go on vacation.?
A.Black’s B.The Blacks
C.The Black’s
36.I don’t think looking after children is just work.?
A.woman B.woman’s C.women’s
37.There is no enough in the corner to put the table.?
A.place B.room C.floor
38.Mary didn’t tell her parents that she was going home because she wanted to give them a .?
A.surprise B.call C.gift
39.Miss Black is a friend of . They often help each other in daily life.?
A.Mary’s mother’s B.Mary’s mother’
C.Mary mother’s
40.Jack has lots of . He can learn much from them and use them to mail letters.?
A.newspapers B.coins C.stamps
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.I have two (knife). I can lend one to you.?
2.Those (child) are playing football outside.?
3.Here is a birthday card for you with our best (wish).?
4.The little baby has two (tooth) already.?
5.—How many (invent) did Edison have??
—About 1,000.
6.I want two (glass) of (milk).?
7.I have a lot of (money) in my pocket.?
8.There are two (church) in the town.?
9.British people like eating (potato).?
10.Two (visit) will come to our school next week.?
【参考答案】
一、
1.C [解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据语境及选项可知,他们在看家庭照片,photo意为“照片”。故选C。
2.B [解析]考查名词的数。advice为不可数名词,本身无单复数变化,不能用不定冠词a/an修饰,也不能用many修饰。故选B。
3.A 4.A
5.B [解析]考查名词辨析。silence沉默,无声状态;purpose目的;culture文化。联系下文“为新医院筹集资金”可知,此处指“这个活动的目的”。故选B。
6.C
7.B [解析]考查名词词义辨析。由下文“那就是为什么她所有的毛衣都是橙色的。”可知上文指萨利最爱的“颜色”是橙色。故选B。
8.C [解析]考查名词所有格及形容词辨析。minute是可数名词,要用a few修饰,排除选项B; a few后的名词要用复数形式。故选C。
9.B [解析]考查名词数量的表达。数词two后跟可数名词复数形式,如果of后名词可数,则也需要用复数形式。故选B。
10.A [解析]考查名词所有格。根据主语woman可知表示一个人,即共用A and B’s。故选A。
11.C [解析]考查名词词义辨析。the symbol of 表示“……的象征”。dream梦想;way方式,方法,这两个选项均与语境不符。故选C。
12.A [解析]考查名词的辨析。 “有一副好嗓子”应用have a good voice。故选A。
13.A [解析]考查名词词义辨析。分析句意并联系三个选项,歌曲应源自一位歌手较为恰当。故选A。
14.A
15.B [解析]考查名词复数。题目中be动词是are,因此中心名词scientist要变复数,加s。woman修饰名词时,也要用复数形式women。故选B。
16.C [解析]考查名词词义辨析。pressure压力;fairness公平; shame羞耻。根据“Yes.”可知后句也表达了珍惜时间的思想,故后面意思应该是“浪费时间是一件可耻的事情”,shame符合句意。故选C。
17.B [解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据前句句意“我们城市的空气非常清新”可知选B。
18.A [解析]考查名词词义辨析。由“Sir”及答语“I slept well and I like the breakfast.”可知,双方的交谈应该是在宾馆里,与学校和工厂无关。故选A。
19.B [解析]考查名词词义辨析。根据答语可知前句句意:保持安静,当我在工作的时候我需要完全安静。故选B。
20.B [解析]考查名词词义辨析。 policeman警察;cleaner清洁工;driver司机;由后句“We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere.”可知在街上忙的是清洁工。故选B。
21.C [解析]考查名词辨析。idea主意;decision决定;choice选择。根据missed the last bus和but to take a taxi可知,应是没有选择。故选C。
22.A [解析]考查名词所有格。基数词two后用名词复数,故填hours,此处指“两个小时的车程”,用名词所有格,故在hours后加“‘”。故选A。
23.B
24.C [解析]考查名词的复数形式。leaf的复数形式是leaves。
25.C
26.B [解析]fish表示“鱼肉”时,是不可数名词;表示“鱼”时是可数名词。a little修饰不可数名词,因此此处fish表示“鱼肉”。have a little more fish意为“再吃点鱼肉”。故选B。
27. A [解析]paper是不可数名词,它的量化可借助piece来表达,表示“多张纸”要用piece的复数形式。故选A。
28. A [解析]someone等不定代词与else连用时,所有格’s加在else后面。故选A。
29.A [解析]step意为“步骤”;time意为“时间;次数”;job意为“工作”。句意:如果你想和其他人交朋友,诚实是第一步。故选A。
30.C 31.A
32.C [解析]根据milk和bread可知此处chicken表示“鸡肉”,chicken当“鸡肉”讲,为不可数名词,没有复数形式。故选C。
33.C 34.A
35.B [解析]“the+姓氏复数形式”表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”。故选B。
36.C [解析]由句意可判断此处应用名词所有格,woman的复数形式是women。故选C。
37.B
38.A [解析]surprise意为“惊喜”;call意为“电话”; gift意为“礼物”。根据句意可知玛丽想给父母一个“惊喜”。故选A。
39.A [解析]表示“玛丽妈妈的”要用Mary’s mother’s,这两者均需要用名词所有格,即双重所有格形式。故选A。
40.C [解析]newspaper意为“报纸”;coin意为“硬币”; stamp意为“邮票”。既可以从中学到知识,又可以用于寄信的东西是“邮票”。故选C。
二、1.knives 2.children 3.wishes 4.teeth
5.inventions 6.glasses; milk 7.money
8.churches 9.potatoes 10.visitors
(共36张PPT)
语法互动02 冠词
第一篇 语法突破篇
冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独作句子成分,要放在名词之前用来帮助说明名词所指的含义。冠词可分为三大类:不定冠词(a, an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词。
考点一 不定冠词a,an的用法
1.常见用法
使用情况 举例
a用于以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数前 I have a computer. 我有一台电脑。
an用于以元音音素开头的可数名词单数前 An elephant is bigger than a horse. 大象比马大。
表示初次提到某人或某物 A Mrs. Green is waiting to see you. 有一位格林太太正等着见你。
（续表）
使用情况 举例
表示数量“一”的概念,相当于one There is a book on the desk.
书桌上有一本书。
表示“每一”,用在事物的单位前 The meat is ten yuan a kilo.
肉每千克十元。
表示人或事物的身份、性质 The woman over there is a manager. 那边的那位女士是一个经理。
（续表）
使用情况 举例
表示人或事物的某一种类 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
用在序数词前,表示“又一,再” I want to have a third try.
我想再试一次。
【归纳】 an umbrella an unusual book a university a useful book an hour an honest boy
【巧学妙记】
不定冠词两变体,用a或an都表“一”;可数名词首次提,何人何物不具体;
某类人、物任一个,有时还可表“每一”;区分a, an看音素,不见元音别施恩(n)。
2.用在某些习惯用语中
a few一些 a little一点儿
a lot of许多,大量 a bit一点儿
a number of大量,许多 just a minute一会儿
in a hurry匆忙地 for a while一会儿
for a long time一段时间 a cup of一杯……
a bottle of一瓶…… have a rest休息一下
have a walk散步 have a fever发烧
have a good time过得愉快 have a toothache牙疼
give sb. a hand帮助某人
【针对训练】
1.[2019·绥化] “ apple a day keeps the doctor away.” is useful saying.?
A.An; an B.An; a
C.A; a
[解析]考查冠词辨析。第一个空泛指一个苹果,且apple以元音音素开头,应用an; 第二个空也表示泛指,以辅音音素/j/开头,应用a。故选B。
B
2.[2019·南通改编] Sandy is Australian girl. She came to China for travelling with her parents last week.?
A.a B.an
C.the
B
3.[2018·百色改编] Alice is honest girl. She never tells lies.?
A.a B.an
C.the
[解析]考查冠词。根据句意可知横线处表达“一个”的意思,故使用a/an。honest以元音音素开头,故使用an来表示“一个”。
B
4.There is umbrella behind the door.?
A.a B.an
C.the
[解析]考查冠词。泛指一把雨伞,故选择不定冠词。名词umbrella的音标的第一个音素是元音音素,应用冠词an。故选B。
B
5.Yesterday’s concert was great success. All the people showed interest in it.?
A.the B.an
C.a
[解析]考查冠词的用法。success在此处表示“成功的事”是可数名词,great以辅音音素开头。故选C。
C
考点二 定冠词the的用法
1.常见用法
使用情况 举例
用于特指或上文已提到的人或事物前 Do you know the girl in red?
你认识穿红衣服的女孩吗?
I bought a pen yesterday, and the pen is black.
我昨天买了一支钢笔,这支钢笔是黑色的。
用于双方都熟悉的人或事物之前 Give me the pen, please.
请把那支钢笔给我。
（续表）
使用情况 举例
用于世界上独一无二的事物前 The sun rises in the east.
太阳从东方升起。
用于序数词、形容词的最高级前和对特定的两个人或事物进行比较的比较级前 She is the tallest in her class.
她是她班上最高的。
Tom is the younger of the two boys.
汤姆是两个男孩中较高的那个。
（续表）
使用情况 举例
用于单数可数名词前,表示一类人或事物 The horse can run very fast.
马可以跑得非常快。
用于姓氏复数前,表示一家人或夫妇二人 The Greens are having a picnic. 格林一家正在野餐。
the后加形容词,表示一类人或事物 We should help the old.
我们应该帮助老人。
（续表）
使用情况 举例
用于西方乐器名词前或表示方位的名词前 I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。
I was born in the east, but now live in San Francisco.我出生在东部,但现在住在旧金山。
用于专有名词前 I went to the Great Wall last year.
去年我去长城了。
用于江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 The West Lake is very beautiful. 西湖非常美丽。
【巧学妙记】
特指双方熟悉,上文已经提及;世上独一无二,某些专有名词; 方位名词乐器,外加复数姓氏;序数词最高级,习惯用语特记。
2.用在一些习惯用语中
the same as… 和……一样 at the same time同时
by the way顺便问/说一下 in the end最后
all the time一直 in the open air在户外
at the age of在……岁时 at the moment此刻,现在
in the middle of在……中间 at the end of… 在……的末尾
on the Internet 在网上 in the world在世界上
at the beginning of在……开始时
in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上
【针对训练】
1.[2018·河池改编] —What did you do last night, Grace?
—First, I did my homework, and then I played piano for 30 minutes.?
A.a B./ C.the
[解析]考查冠词的用法。动词play后跟乐器类名词时,乐器类名词前要加定冠词the。故选C。
C
2.[2018·玉林] —How often do you play tennis?
—Twice week. And I often play it in
sports center in our school.?
A.the; / B.a; the
C.an; the
[解析]考查冠词的用法。不定冠词a/an可以表示“一”,元音音素前用an,辅音音素前用a,空后week是辅音音素开头的,故用a;定冠词the表示特指,此处是特指在体育中心每周打两次网球。故选B。
B
3. moon is very bright at night.?
A.A B.An
C.The
[解析]在世界上独一无二的事物
(如太阳、月亮等)前用定冠词the。故选C。
C
4. Christine is selling her house, but on other hand she doesn’t want to move.?
A.a B.an
C.the
[解析]on the other hand意为“另一方面”,是固定搭配。故选C。
C
5. —This photo makes me think of trip to the Great Wall last year.?
—Yeah, we had a great time there.
A.a B.an
C.the
[解析]特指去年去长城的那次旅游,用定冠词the。故选C。
C
6. [2019·毕节] Our National Day is on first day in October.?
A.a B.an C.the
[解析]用于序数词前面,应用the。故选C。
C
考点三 不用冠词的情况(也称作零冠词)
1.常见用法
使用情况 举例
在人名、地名、大部分的国家名等专有名词前不用冠词 Jim吉姆 Hong Kong香港
China中国
在不可数名词前(抽象名词、物质名词等表示一般概念时)不用冠词 He spends money like water. 他挥霍无度。
名词前已有this, that, my, your, his, her, their, our, some, any等修饰语时不用冠词 This book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。
（续表）
使用情况 举例
在一日三餐、球类运动或棋类运动的名词前不用冠词 have breakfast吃早饭
play basketball打篮球
play chess 下国际象棋
在节日、星期、月份、季节、颜色等名词前不用冠词 National Day国庆节
on Monday在星期一
in May在五月份
in summer在夏天
（续表）
使用情况 举例
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不用冠词 Mr. Green格林先生
Uncle Wang王叔叔
Mum妈妈
复数可数名词表示一类人或事物时不用冠词 They are students.
他们是学生。
街名、广场名、公园名、大学名等专有名词前通常不用冠词 Zhongshan Road 中山路
Liuhou Park柳侯公园
【巧学妙记】 名词之前有代词,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,节日星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
2.在某些固定搭配中不用冠词
at home 在家 at school在上学
at work在上班 at once马上
on business出差 on foot 步行
on time按时,准时 on duty值日/班
in time及时 go to work去上班
on fire着火 listen to music听音乐
go to bed上床睡觉 in space在太空
in hospital住院 in danger处于危险之中
in trouble有麻烦
at night 在晚上
on show/display展览
by air(plane)/ship/train/bus/bike乘飞机/轮船/火车/公共汽车/骑自行车
3.易混短语
go to school去上学(是学生) go to the school到学校去(不一定是学生)
go to church去教堂做礼拜 go to the church到教堂去(不一定是去做礼拜)
go to bed就寝 go to the bed走到床前(不一定是就寝)
in future今后 in the future将来
at table 吃饭 at the table 在桌子旁边
in class/hospital 在上课/住院 in the class/hospital在班级里/在医院里
（续表）
by sea 乘船 by the sea在海边
in front of在(……外部的)前面 in the front of在(……内部的)前面
[注意] 下列情况应加冠词:
(1)具体指某一个球时,球类名词前应加冠词。如:The baby is playing with a football. 那个婴儿正在玩一个足球。
Where is the basketball?篮球在哪儿?
(2)表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时应加冠词。如:
They had a quick breakfast yesterday. 昨天他们匆忙吃了早饭。
(3)指某一年的某个季节时加冠词。如:
in the summer of 2016在2016年的夏天
【针对训练】
1. [2019·梧州改编] Mike often plays football on weekends.?
A.a B.the C./
2.[2019·淮安改编] To save time, many students have lunch at school every day. ?
A.a B.the C./
C
C
3.—There is a chess match between a Korean player and AlphaGo.
—It’s very amazing.Playing chess is usually one-to-one game.?
A.the; a B./; an
C./; a
[解析]考查冠词的用法。play后直接跟比赛项目时不加冠词,因此第一个空白处不加冠词;one的第一个音素为辅音音素,因此第二个空白处应用冠词a。故选C。
C
4. new study says that going to bed late is harmful to our health.?
A./; / B.A; /
C.A; the
[解析]考查冠词的用法。第一空填不定冠词a表示数量“一”;第二空go to bed“去睡觉”, 为固定搭配,无需用冠词。故选B。
B
|语法互动02 冠词|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·吉林] There is map of China on the wall in my bedroom.?
A .a B.an C.the
2.[2019·遂宁改编] Beijing is capital of China, it has long history.?
A.the; an B.a; a C.the; a
3.[2019·广东改编] Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.?
A.The B.A C./
4.[2019·大庆改编] Our English teacher told us interesting story and story was about Thomas Edison.?
A.an; a B.the; the C.an; the
5.[2019·百色改编] Mike is from English-speaking country.?
A./ B.a C.an
6.[2019·天津改编] I am going to have picnic on Sunday. ?
A.the; an B.an; the C.a; 不填
7.[2019·咸宁改编] —Do you know 2019 is the year of the Pig?
—Sure. The pig is twelfth sign in the Chinese zodiac cycle(生肖).?
A.a B.an C.the
8.[2019·武威、白银改编] Lily practices playing violin after school every day.?
A.a B.the C./
9.[2019·泰州改编] As volunteer at the Beijing Expo 2019 (园艺博览会), Lu Ming understands
idea of green life better than before.?
A.a; an B.a; the
C.the; an
10.[2019·益阳] Mr. Brown has eight-year-old daughter. She is very lovely.?
A.a B.an
C.the
11.[2019·天水改编] —You’ve dropped “s” in the word “necessary”.?
—Oh, letter “s” is doubled.?
A.a; a B.a; the C.an; the
12.[2019·滨州改编] Song of Youth is such fantastic film that I have seen it twice. ?
A.a B.an C.the
13.[2019·海南] Chinese learning is popular with people all over world.?
A.a B./ C.the
14.[2019·铜仁改编] China is Asian country while England is European country.?
A.an; an B.a; a C.an; a
15.[2019·温州改编] —Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday?
—OK. Let’s add it to weekend plan. ?
A.a B./ C.the
16.[2019·呼和浩特改编] We usually go swimming in summer. But in summer of 2018, we didn’t.?
A./; / B.a; a C./; the
17.[2019·青海] After she passed the entrance examination, she finally became university student.?
A.a B.an C.the
18.[2019·菏泽改编] —Are you little boy in the photo, Tony??
—Yes, it’s me. This photo was taken when I was only three.
A.a B.an C.the
19.[2019·哈尔滨改编] —Mum, I’m going on a picnic with my friends today.
—Have good day.?
A.a B.an C./
20.[2019·内江改编] I want to be English teacher because English is useful language. ?
A.a; a B.an; a C.a; an
21.[2019·龙东改编] My cousin bought useful book for me,but I’ve read book before.?
A.a; the B.an; a C.an; the
22.[2019·河池] We often have three meals day. And we usually have breakfast at 8:00 every morning.?
A.a; the B.a; a
C.a; /
23.—Did you do well in English exam last week??
—Yes, I got “A”.?
A.an; the B.the; an C.a; /
24.—People can’t live without water. ?
—Yes, I think so.
A.a B./ C.the
25.We can’t see sun at night. ?
A.the; the B.the; / C.a; /
26. Whites are preparing for the coming Thanksgiving Day. ?
A./ B.A C.The
27.It is a good habit to go to bed early and get up early. ?
A.a B./ C.the
28.The museum is quite far.It will take you half hour to get there by bus. ?
A.an; / B.an; a C.a; /
29.—My daughter seldom has dinner.?
—It is unhealthy habit. You must ask her to change it.?
A./; an B.the; an C./; a
30.We will have reading festival this term, and we can’t wait for it.?
A.a B.an C.the
二、用适当的冠词填空,不需要时填写“/”
1. honest boy is Jim, friend of mine. ?
2. earth goes around sun.?
3.This is orange. orange is Billy’s.?
4.Liu Changchun is first Chinese to join the Olympics.?
5.It takes us half hour to get to school on foot.?
6.There is picture of elephant on wall.?
7. doctor told him to take medicine three times day.?
8.Let’s go out for walk.?
9.It’s too hot.Open door, please.?
10. Yangtze River is longest river in China.?
11. poor are always happier than rich.?
12.I go to school on foot every day.?
13.Children can go to school at age of 6.?
14.We have no classes on Sundays.?
15.The students study English in afternoon.?
【参考答案】
一、
1.A [解析]此处冠词表示数量“一”的含义,泛指。因此用不定冠词。map的发音是辅音音素开头,因此不定冠词用a。故选A。
2.C [解析]考查冠词辨析。第一个空特指北京是中国的首都,因此用定冠词the,第二个空指北京有一段悠久的历史,不是特指,因此用不定冠词。故选C。
3.A
4.C [解析]考查冠词的用法。interesting以元音音素开头,故应用不定冠词an;第二个单数名词story是第二次提到,表特指,应用定冠词the。故选 C。
5.C [解析]考查冠词的用法。English是元音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词an。故选C。
6.C [解析]考查冠词辨析。第一空为固定短语have a picnic,意为“去野餐”。“on+星期几”表示“在星期几”,星期前不加冠词。故选C。
7.C 8.B
9.B [解析]考查冠词辨析。前半句表示“作为一名2019园艺博览会的志愿者”,是数量“一”的含义,表泛指要用不定冠词a;后半句中特指idea of green life,特指要用定冠词the。故选B。
10.B [解析]考查冠词。布朗先生有一个八岁的女儿,是泛指,用不定冠词,且eight的第一个音素是元音音素,因此用an。故选B。
11.C [解析]考查冠词的用法。第一空泛指丢掉一个 “s”,且s以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an;第二空特指单词 necessary中的字母s,用定冠词the。故选C。
12.A [解析]考查冠词辨析。此处表示泛指,且fantastic以辅音音素开头,故其前用不定冠词a。故选A。
13.C [解析]考查冠词。all over the world意为“全世界”,为固定搭配。故选C。
14.C [解析]考查冠词辨析。Asian是以元音音素开头的,所以冠词需要用an;而European是以半辅音素开头的,所以冠词需要用a。故选C。
15.C [解析]考查冠词用法。此处用定冠词the特指双方都知道的周末计划,符合句意“彼得,我们这个星期天去野餐好吗?”“好的,让我们把它加入周末计划吧。”故选C。
16.C [解析]考查冠词用法。表示泛指时,季节类的名词前不用冠词,所以第一空不填任何冠词;而第二个空是特指在2018年的夏季,用the来表示特指。故选C。
17.A [解析]考查冠词的用法。表示“一位大学生”,是泛指,故用不定冠词;university以辅音音素开头,其前的冠词应用a。故选A。
18.C [解析]考查冠词用法。由句意知,这里特指照片中的男孩,用the修饰。故选C。
19.A [解析]固定搭配,have a good day意为“玩得开心”,故选A。
20.B [解析]考查冠词辨析。English以元音音素开头,因此不定冠词用an;useful的第一个因素是辅音音素,用不定冠词a。故选B。
21.A [解析]第二个空特指我已经读过这本书,用定冠词the。故选A。
22.C
23.B [解析]第一空表示“上一周的考试”,是特指,应用the; 第二空泛指数量“一”,A以元音音素开头,应用an。故选B。
24.B
25.B [解析]在世界上独一无二的事物(sun,moon等)前用定冠词the;at night意为“在夜晚”,为固定搭配。故选B。
26.C 27.B 28.A 29.A 30.A
二、1.The; a 2.The; the 3.an; The 4.the
5.an 6.a; an; the 7.The; the; a 8.a 9.the 10.The; the; / 11.The; the 12./ 13./; the 14./ 15./; the
(共79张PPT)
语法互动03 代词
第一篇 语法突破篇
代词的考查重点是人称代词、物主代词和反身代词。出题形式主要有单项选择题和词形变换题,也会出现在完形填空、改错或句型转换等题型中。
代 词 单 数 复 数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称
代词 主格 I you he, she,
it we you they
宾格 me you him, her,
it us you them
（续表）
代 词 单 数 复 数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
物主
代词 形容
词性 my your his, her,
its our your their
名词
性 mine yours his, hers,
its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself,
herself,
itself ourselves your-
selves them-
selves
（续表）
指示
代词 单 数 复 数 用法说明
this these 指近处的人或物
that those 指远处的人或物
（续表）
疑问
代词 主格 宾格 所有格 用法说明
who whom whose 用来指人
连接
代词 what 常泛指“哪一类”
which 常指在具体的范围内进行选择
（续表）
不定
代词 something, somebody,
anything, anybody, everything, everybody,nothing, nobody 指两者 指两者以上
both,either,
neither, each,
the other
(加可数名词单数) all,any,none,
every, each,
another,
other(加可数名词复数)
others(=other+名词)
修饰可数名词 修饰不可数名词
many much
few little
a few a little
some, any
[注意] 1.both…and…(……和……)连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数。
2.either…or…(或者……或者……),neither…nor…(既不……也不……)连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。
3.one…and the other… (两者中)一个……另一个……;some…others… 一些……另一些……
考点一 人称代词
1. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语,宾格作动词和介词的宾语或作表语。如:
用法 例句
人称代词主格作主语 He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。(作主语)
作动词或介词的宾语用宾格,作表语也多用宾格,在引导比较状语从句的than, as之后用主格和宾格形式都可以。 Tom often helps me with my English.汤姆经常帮助我学习英语。(作宾语)
—Who is the girl in the picture?照片中的女孩是谁?
—It’s me. 是我。(作表语)
I can run faster than he/him.我能跑得比他快。
【巧学妙记】 谓语之前主格填,动介之后宾格跟。
2. 几个人称代词并列时的顺序
【巧学妙记】人称代词并列现,注意顺序礼貌见;单数二三一,复数一二三;
若把错误责任担,第一人称须当先。
3.it的用法
可代替前面提到过的事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词 This is a watch. It is new.
这是一块手表,它是新的。
指时间、季节、天气、距离等 —How’s the weather today?
今天天气怎么样?
—It’s sunny.天气晴朗。
指代婴儿或不明身份的人 Who’s knocking at the door? Go and see who it is.
谁在敲门?去看看是谁。
（续表）
可代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中
①It’s+adj. (+for/of sb.)+to do sth.对某人来说,做某事是……的。(it作形式主语)
It’s easy for me to learn English.对我来说,学习英语容易。
②It takes sb.+时间段+to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间。(it作形式主语)
It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。
（续表）
③Sb. finds/thinks it+adj.+to do sth. 某人发现/认为做某事是……的。(it作形式宾语)
We think it helpful to take a walk after supper.我们认为晚饭后散步是有益的。
④It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。(固定句式)
It’s time for class.该上课了。
⑤It’s time to do sth. 是做某事的时候了。(固定句式)
It’s time to watch cartoons.是看动画片的时候了。
⑥It’s time for sb. to do sth. 某人该做某事了。(固定句式)
It’s time for you to do your homework.你该写作业了。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·玉林改编] —Hello, Matt. How is your life in Canada?
—I am used to it now. My host family always try their best to make feel at home.?
A.me B.I C.my
[解析]此处动词make后要使用人称代词的宾格。故选A。
A
2.[2019·百色改编] —They won the basketball match yesterday.
—Great! We are so proud of .?
A.they B.them
C.their
[解析]考查代词。根据句意可知横线处所填词表达“他们”,排除C。又因短语be proud of中of是介词,后面要接人称代词的宾格形式。故选B。
B
3.[2019·株洲] Brown draws a picture of the criminal, and the police put
on the Internet to find him.?
A.him B.her
C.it
[解析]考查代词的用法。根据句意可知空格指的是前文提到的罪犯的画像,用it代替。故选C。
C
4.[2019·北部湾改编] Look!The woman over there is our teacher. She teaches
English.?
A.us B.them
C.her
[解析]考查人称代词。根据前一句中“our teacher”可判断她教“我们”英语,teach是谓语动词,故选择we的宾格形式us。故选A。
A
5.[2019·重庆B改编] Tom is my best friend. I often play basketball with
. ?
A.himself B.his
C.him
6. are good friends.?
A.I and Jack B.Jack and I
C.Jack and me
C
B
考点二 物主代词
物主代词用来表示所有关系,它包括形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
分类 用法 例句
形容词性
物主代词 作定语
(修饰名词) My bike is over there. 我的自行车在那儿。
名词性
物主代词 作主语 May I use your bike, please?Mine is broken. 请问我能用你的自行车吗?我的坏了。
作宾语 You can use my pen. I can use hers. 你可以用我的钢笔,我可以用她的。
（续表）
分类 用法 例句
名词性
物主代词 作表语 The blue coat is mine. The black one is his. 蓝色的外套是我的, 黑色的是他的。
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 如:This book is mine.=This is my book.
【巧学妙记】 形物不孤单,且在名词前;名物单独用,后不跟名词。
[注意] 物主代词前不加a, an, the, this, that等修饰词。
（续表）
分类 用法 例句
【拓展】 名词性物主代词构成双重所有格:of+名词性物主代词 如:a friend of mine 我的一个朋友
of+名词所有格:a friend of my father’s 我爸爸的一个朋友
物主代词常用词组:
all one’s life 一生,终生 in one’s opinion在某人看来
change one’s mind改变主意 keep one’s word守信用
take one’s time不急,慢慢来 with one’s help在某人的帮助下
try one’s best尽某人最大的努力 to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是
on one’s way to…在某人去……的路上
【针对训练】
一、按要求写出下列单词的相应形式
1.my(名词性物主代词) ?
2.we(形容词性物主代词) ?
3.her(主格) ?
4.you(名词性物主代词) ?
5.they(宾格) ?
6.Miss Gao(所有格) ?
7.it(形容词性物主代词) ?
8.he(名词性物主代词) ?
mine
our
she
yours
them
Miss Gao’s
its
his
二、单项选择
1.[2019·柳州] —Who is the girl under the tree?
—She is classmate, Annie.?
A.I B.me C.my
[解析]考查代词辨析。名词classmate前用形容词性物主代词修饰。故选C。
C
2.[2019·梧州改编] —Wendy, do you know the children over there?
—Yes. names are Annie and Anna.?
A.Her B.Theirs
C.Their
[解析]考查代词辨析。Annie and Anna是两个名字,应使用复数;空处作定语,修饰后面的名词names,要用形容词性物主代词。故选C。
C
3.[2019·襄阳改编] —Is this Mike’s dictionary?
—No, it’s mine. The thick one on the desk is
.?
A.his B.yours
C.hers
[解析]考查代词词义辨析。联系上句推知空格句意为“桌上厚的那本是他的。”与Mike对应的名词性物主代词是his。故选A。
A
4.[2018·河池改编] —Is this your dictionary, Jean?
—No, it’s not mine. It’s . ?
A.she B.her
C.hers
[解析]由“not mine”可知要用hers表示“她的词典”。故选C。
C
5.—Excuse me, may I use your ruler? is at home.?
—Certainly. But remember to return it on time.
A.I B.Mine C.Myself
[解析]考查代词的用法。根据句意可知空格处指代“我的尺子”,用名词性物主代词。故选B。
B
6.—How far is it from home to school? ?
—I’m not sure…about 10 kilometers.
A.your B.you
C.yours
[解析]考查代词辨析。直接修饰后面的名词home表示所有关系,用形容词性物主代词your。故选A。
A
考点三 反身代词
反身代词是表示“某人自己”的代词,有以下用法:
用法 例句
作宾语 The girl is too young to dress herself.
那个女孩太小,不会自己穿衣服。
主宾同一人,宾语用反身代词:She bought herself a new watch.她给她自己买了一块新手表。
主宾不同人,宾语用人称代词宾格:Her father bought her a new book.她父亲给她买了一本新书。
（续表）
用法 例句
作同位语 I can do it myself.我能自己做。(主语同位语,放在句末)
Mary herself worked out the problem.玛丽自己解决了这个问题。(主语同位语,放在主语之后)
You may go and ask the teacher himself.你可以去问老师本人。(宾语同位语,放在宾语之后)
作表语 That clever boy is myself.
那个聪明的男孩就是我自己。
（续表）
用法 例句
常用短语 enjoy oneself过得愉快,玩得开心
help oneself to随便吃/用……
hurt oneself伤到某人自己
teach oneself=learn by oneself自学
look after oneself照顾自己
by oneself独自
lose oneself in 沉迷于……
[注意] 可用of one’s own 或 one’s own作定语修饰名词,不可用反身代词作定语。
Children need toys of their own.=Children need their own toys. 孩子们需要自己的玩具。?
【针对训练】
一、用适当的反身代词填空
1.Bad luck! I cut with a knife yesterday.?
2.They tell us they can look after very well.?
3.My cat can find food by .?
4.Help to some beef, boys.?
5.Jenny enjoyed in the park yesterday afternoon.?
myself
themselves
itself
yourselves
herself
二、单项选择
1.[2019·河池改编] Look! The boys are making the model boat by .?
A.himself B.themselves
C.ourselves
[解析]考查反身代词辨析。by oneself独自,为固定短语。主语是the boys,故用themselves。故选B。
B
2.[2018·北部湾改编] Don’t worry. The girl is old enough to look after .?
A.herself B.her
C.hers
[解析]考查代词辨析。the girl和后面动词短语look after是动宾关系,主宾是同一个人,故要用反身代词。故选A。
A
3.Trust . You can do much better than you think.?
A.you B.your
C.yourself
C
4.You’re the future of this country. Don’t keep asking what this country can do for you. Ask what you can do for this country.?
A.us B.ourselves
C.yourselves
[解析]考查代词辨析。根据后面的“what you can do”可知此处应用“you”的反身代词yourselves,表示动作反射到自己身上。故选C。
C
5.Dad doesn’t always come to you. You have to fight and save !?
A.yourself B.himself
C.myself
A
6.On the way to Mount Heng, the scenery was so beautiful that all of us lost in it.?
A.myself B.themselves
C.ourselves
[解析]句意:在去衡山的路上,风景是如此美,我们所有人都沉醉在美景中了。lose oneself in 意为“沉迷于……”,本句的主语是all of us,相对应的反身代词是ourselves。故选C。
C
考点四 不定代词
1.定义: 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。不定代词大部分都可以代替名词和形容词,常见的不定代词有some, any, no, none, one, all, every, each, other, another, either, neither, both, many, much,(a) few, (a) little, a lot of, lots of 以及some-, any-, no-, every-与-thing, -body或-one构成的复合不定代词。
2.常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析
(1)some 与any
二者均表示“一些”,既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中,但在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。
I have some apples, but I don’t have any pears.
我有一些苹果,但我没有梨。
Are there any stamps in the drawer? 抽屉里有邮票吗?
Would you like some coffee? 你想要来一些咖啡吗?
If you have any problems, you can ask me.如果你有任何问题,你可以问我。
(2)other, the other, others, the others与another
不定代词 意义 用法
other 其他的 作定语,常与可数名词复数连用;但如果前面有the, this, that, some, any, each, every, no, one, my, your等时,则可与可数名词单数连用
the other (两者中)另一个 ①与one连用,常用结构为“one…, and the other…”
②作定语修饰可数名词复数时,表示 “其余全部的”
others 其他的人或物 ①others是other的复数形式,不能作定语,常用结构为“some…others…”
②others=other+可数名词复数
（续表）
不定代词 意义 用法
the
others 其余所有的人或物 the others是the other的复数形式,相当于“the other+可数名词复数”
another 另一个 指三者或三者以上的“另一个”,一般和可数名词单数连用,用作形容词或代词
He is taller than any other boy in his class.
他比他班上其他任何一个男孩都高。
I have two pens.One is old, and the other is new.
我有两支钢笔。一支是旧的,另一支是新的。
Where are the other boys? 其余的男孩在哪里?
Some have come. Others haven’t arrived yet.
一些人来了,另一些人还没到。
There are twenty girls in the park.Some are playing volleyball. The others are playing games.
公园里有20个女孩。一些在打排球,其他的在做游戏。
I’m still hungry.I’d like another cake.我还饿。我想再吃一个蛋糕。
(3)many, much, a lot of/lots of, plenty of 与a great number of
这几个词或短语都表示“许多”。many后跟可数名词复数,much后跟不可数名词;a lot of,lots of和plenty of后既可接可数名词复数,又可接不可数名词;a great number of后只能接可数名词复数。
(4)few, a few, little与a little
用法 肯定意义 否定意义
修饰可数名词复数 a few (几个,一些) few(几乎没有)
修饰不可数名词 a little(一点儿) little(几乎没有)
(5)each与every
词条 含义 用法
each 每个(强调个体) 作主语、宾语、定语、同位语 指两个或两个以上的
人或物中的每一个 可与of搭配
every 每个(强调整体) 只能作定语 指三个或三个以上的人
或物中的每一个 不可与of搭配
[注意] ①each作主语,谓语动词用单数形式;each位于一个复数主语后面时,作同位语,句中谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Each of us has a computer.我们每一个人都有一台电脑。(作主语)
We each have a computer.我们每人都有一台电脑。(作主语的同位语)
②“every+基数词+可数名词复数”意为“每……”。如:every four years每四年(每隔三年)
(6)both, all, neither, either, any 与none
①both在句中作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。both还常用于“both…and…”结构中,意为“……和……都”,它连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
使用范围 都 都不 之一
两者 both neither either
三者或三者以上 all none any
②neither和either在句中作主语时,谓语动词必须用单数形式;neither和either还常用于“neither…nor…(既不……也不……)”和“either…or…(要么……要么……)”结构中,当它们连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要与离其最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致,即遵循“就近一致”原则。
③neither和none常与of连用。如:
Neither of us is right.我们两个都不对。
None of them likes the book.他们都不喜欢这本书。
(7)no one与none
—Who is absent from the meeting today?今天谁未出席会议?
—No one.没有人。
—Tickets for Friday?星期五的票(还有吗)?
—Sorry, we’ve got none left.对不起,一张也没有了。
词条 用法
no one 常指代人 不与of连用,谓语动词用单数形式 用来回答who的提问
none 指代人
或物 可与of连用,谓语动词用单数或复数均可 用来回答how many/much的提问
(8)it与one
为了避免重复,可以用it, one代替上文出现过的名词,注意以下几点:
①it指同类同物,即用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况。it可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。如:
She enjoyed the story because it is very interesting.她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。
②one 指同类异物,即用来避免重复可数名词单数,它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,也可以代替人,其复数形式为ones, 其所有格形式为one’s。如:
My sweater is very old.I’ll buy a new one.我的毛衣很旧了,我要买一件新的。
3.复合不定代词
somebody
(某人) anybody
(任何人) nobody
(没有人) everybody
(每人)
someone
(某人) anyone
(任何人) no one
(没有人) everyone
(每人)
something
(某事) anything
(任何事) nothing
(没有东西) everything
(每一件事)
[注意] (1)当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词,如everybody, nobody, anyone等时,其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词they;当句子的主语是指物的复合不定代词,如everything, anything, something, nothing等时,其反意疑问句的主语通常用代词it。
(2)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,要置于不定代词之后。
I have something interesting to tell you. 我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。
Is there anyone else? 还有其他人吗?
【针对训练】
1.[2018·玉林改编] —What would you like, pork or fish?
— . I prefer chicken.?
A.Either B.Neither
C.Both
B
[解析]考查不定代词的用法辨析。由后面的回答“我更喜欢鸡肉”可看出对猪肉和鱼肉都不喜欢。故选B。
2.[2018·百色改编] —What are you going to give your mother for her birthday?
—I think I’ll buy her .?
A.something special B.special something
C.anything special
[解析]考查形容词修饰不定代词。这是肯定句,所以使用不定代词something;又因形容词修饰不定代词时形容词要后置。故选A。
A
3.[2019·盐城改编] needs one or two close friends to share his happiness and sadness with.?
A.Someone B.No one
C.Everyone
[解析]考查不定代词辨析。横线后面的内容是每个正常人都需要的,即用不定代词everyone作主语。故选C。
C
4.[2019·宿迁改编] As the lights in the room
went out, it was very dark and could be seen clearly.?
A.something B.anything
C.nothing
[解析]考查不定代词用法辨析。根据句意可知空格处表示什么都不能看清楚。故选C。
C
5.—Where would you like to go tomorrow, Beijing or Xi’an?
— is OK. It’s up to you.?
A.Either B.Neither
C.Both
[解析]考查代词辨析。both后的谓语动词用复数形式;根据答语“你来决定”可知用either,表示“两者中的任何一者”都可以。故选A。
A
6. There are many tall trees on sides of the river.?
A.both B.all C.either
[解析]由sides of the river可知用both。故选A。
A
7. [2019·株洲] There are only big trees on one side of the street, different flowers lie on .?
A.other B.another
C.the other
[解析]考查代词的用法。根据前面的one side of the street可知此处用the other (另一个)。故选C。
C
8. —There’s in the city. Why not have a picnic in the countryside??
—Great. Daweishan Mountains might be a good choice.
A.interesting something
B.nothing interesting
C.anything interesting
[解析]形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要后置,排除A项;再结合句意可知,在城市“无趣”。故选B。
B
9. In the school, I asked one boy and two girls about the name of their headmaster, but of them could help me.?
A.neither B.none
C.both
[解析]but表转折,其后应该表示否定意义,排除C;neither表示“两者不”,上句中提到三个人,排除A。故选B。
B
10.There are fifty students in Class One. Twenty of them are boys; are girls.?
A.the other B.the others
C.others
[解析]空白处表示“(两部分中的)另一部分”,即剩余的全部,因此应用代词the others。故选B。
B
考点五 疑问代词
常见的疑问代词有who(谁), whom(谁), whose(谁的), what(什么)和which(哪一个/哪一些),疑问代词在句中可作主语、表语、定语和宾语。如:
Who is talking to your mother?谁在和你妈妈说话? (作主语)
What’s your father? 你父亲是干什么的?(作表语)
Whose bike is this? 这是谁的自行车?(作定语)
Whom were you talking about just now?你们刚才在谈论谁?(作宾语)
1.what 用来询问职业的表达方式:
(1)What+助动词(do/does)+主语+do?如:
—What does your mother do? 你妈妈是干什么的?
—She is a singer. 她是一名歌唱家。
(2)What+be 动词+主语?如:
—What are you? 你是做什么的?
—I’m a teacher. 我是一名老师。
(3)What’s one’s job? 如:
—What’s your job? 你的工作是什么?
—I’m a doctor. 我是一名医生。
2.what与which的用法区别:
what常泛指哪一类, 而which常指在具体的范围内进行选择。
What colour do you like?
你喜欢什么颜色?
Which colour do you like better, pink or purple?
粉色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一种?
【针对训练】
1. are you looking for??
A.which B.what
C.whose
B
2.— do you plan to buy??
—I haven’t made up my mind. I’ll just look around.
A.Who B.How
C.What
[解析]考查疑问词辨析。分析句子可知,动词“buy”后面缺少宾语,应用疑问代词,故排除B;而“who”显然不能作“buy”的宾语,只有“what”适合,表示“买什么”。故选C。
C
3.— T-shirt is this??
—I think it’s Tom’s.
A.Whose B.Which
C.What
[解析]根据“it’s Tom’s”可知,这里问的是T恤衫是谁的。故选A。
A
4. Excuse me, is the way to the nearest supermarket??
A.why B.where
C.which
C
考点六 指示代词
指示代词包括this, these, that和those。
单数 复数 用法 例句
this
(这个) these
(这些) 指近处 This is my shirt, and that’s yours.
这是我的衬衣,那是你的。
that
(那个) those
(那些) 指远处 These TVs are made in Japan, and those are made in France.
这些电视是日本制造的,那些是法国制造的。
1.打电话时,this指自己,that指对方。如:
Hello! This is Lucy.你好,我是露西。
Is that Mike?你是迈克吗?
2.有时that和those指前面提到过的事物,this和these则指下面将要讲到的事物。如:
Tony has a cold. That’s why he didn’t come.
托尼感冒了,这就是他没来的原因。
The game is very easy, and you can play it like this.
这个游戏很简单,你可以这样玩。
3.that可以代替物,但不能代替人。它既可代替单数可数名词,也可代替不可数名词,其复数形式为those。如:
These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.
这些箱子比桌上的那些重。
The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
中国的人口比日本的多。
【针对训练】
1.What I want is .?
A.these B.that
C.those
B
2.The weather in Chongjiang is the same as
in Rongjiang.?
A.that B.those
C.it
[解析]用that指代前面提到的weather。故选A。
A
3. I have a bad cold. is why I didn’t go to school.?
A.This B.That
C.These
[解析]此处指代上文“我患重感冒”这件事,用that,而指示代词this指代下文要出现的内容。故选B。
B
4.Her interests are different from of her childhood.?
A.those B.these
C.that
A
5.—Mr. Han, how is the weather in Anshun now, please?
—Actually, it is cooler than in Guiyang.?
A.it B.that
C.this
[解析]考查代词的用法。这里的that指代前面提到的weather,故选B。
B
|语法互动03 代词|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·本溪改编] Many people find that listening to soft music helps to sleep well.?
A.him B.her C.them
2.[2019·广元] Welcome you all to Guangyuan and enjoy here.?
A.you B.your C.yourselves
3.[2019·包头改编] The sports meeting will be held in September, but knows the date for sure.?
A.nobody B.nothing C.anybody
4.[2019·内江改编] —Which is Mary’s dictionary?
—This one is . That one is .?
A.hers; mine B.her; mine C.hers; my
5.[2019·安徽改编] Could you stay a little longer? I have more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow. ?
A.something B.everything
C.anything
6.[2019·贺州改编] —Do you like rock music or country music?
— . I like Beijing Opera.?
A.Either B.None C.Neither
7.[2019·滨州改编] —Jerry, is that boy with glasses new classmate? ?
—Yes. Let’s say hello to .?
A.our; he B.our; him C.ours; his
8.[2019·武汉改编] —This room is too small. I’d like to ask for .?
—Sure. We have rooms available here.
A.another B.the other C.one
9.[2019·贵港改编] —What did your sister buy for your mother on Mother’s Day?
— . She made a card for her.?
A.Nothing B.Something
C.Anything
10.[2019·安顺改编] —Where would you like to go tomorrow, Huangguoshu Waterfall or Dragon Palace?
— is OK for me. It’s up to you.?
A.Both B.Neither C.Either
11.Catherine has two cousins. One is quiet, and is noisy.?
A.another B.the other
C.other
12.[2019·福建] —Oh, I forgot to bring my umbrella.
—I’ve got one. You can share .?
A.yours B.ours C.mine
13.[2019·鄂州改编] —I tried several ways to work out the math problem, but of them worked.?
—Never give up. I believe you’ll make it.
A.all B.each C.none
14.[2019·河北改编] —My ruler is broken. Can I borrow ? ?
—Of course. Here it is.
A.his B.yours C.mine
15.[2019·广元] —Which do you prefer, juice or tea?
— is OK. I don’t care.?
A.All B.Neither C.Either
16.[2019·温州改编] Sam finds sweeping robots useful, and he plans to buy for his grandma. ?
A.it B.one C.this
17.[2019·湘西] —Helen, did you do last weekend??
—Yes, I visited my grandparents in the countryside.
A.anything special
B.something special
C.special anything
18.[2019·淮安改编] Some people are too shy to say a word in public. However, aren’t. ?
A.another B.the other C.others
19. Now teenagers are very busy with their schoolwork and they have time to do exercise.?
A.few B.little C.a little
20. The key isn’t . It belongs to .?
A.her; Tom’s B.hers; Tom C.her; Tom
21.I don’t want to be else. I just want to be .?
A.anybody; myself
B.somebody; myself
C.everybody; me
22.—What about these two coats, madam?
— of them fits me. Could you show me one??
A.Either; other B.Neither; another
C.Neither; else
23.The weather in Qiqihar is colder than in Shanghai.?
A.those B.it C.that
24.—Doctor, what’s wrong with me?
— serious. You have just got a cold.?
A.Something B.Nothing C.Anything
25.Chinese people find our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road(一带一路).?
A.it B.this C.that
26.—Is there anybody who can lend me a hand?
—I am afraid not. You know, you are supposed to depend on .?
A.myself B.yourself C.themselves
27.—Which of the two subjects do you like, P.E. or music?
— . They are really interesting.?
A.Neither B.Both C.None
28.He was so angry that he could say .?
A.anything B.nothing C.something
29.Kate’s ideas are different from . I really can’t agree with .?
A.mine; her B.my; her C.me; she
30.Nancy spoke in such a low voice that in the room could hear her.?
A.everybody B.somebody C.nobody
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.—Could you please tell (he)to call me back??
—Sure. No problem.
2.Their house is just like our house, but (we) has a bigger balcony.?
3.Come on, Sam. Believe in (you). You can work out the problem on your own. ?
4.My cousin has a pet dog. (it) name is Wangwang.?
5.Children will be in danger in a swimming pool if their parents don’t take good care of (they). ?
6.That’s not Mary’s son. (she) has a round face.?
7.At present there are many online courses and we can choose some to study by (we).?
8.My hobby doesn’t cost as much as (you). I collect tickets,bus tickets and train tickets.?
9.Anna is a cute girl, and we all like (she).?
10.Don’t worry about the children. They are old enough to look after (they).?
三、选择正确的不定代词填空
some, any
1.There isn’t water in the bottle.?
2.Would you like tea or coffee??
3.There are apples on the table. You can take of them.?
4.Will you please do shopping for me??
5.Could you please lend me money??
all, both, none, neither
6. my brother and I like basketball very much.?
7. of them knows Japanese.?
8.I have some books with me, but of them are the ones you like.?
9.I don’t know which movie is more interesting. So I want to see .?
one, another, other, the other, others, the others
10. more, please!?
11.We study Chinese, English and some subjects.?
12.This sweater is too big for me. Can I try on ??
13.Some people like black tea, and prefer green tea.?
14.The old lady has two sons. One is in Australia, and is in America.?
15.I only found Jim and Tom there. Where were ??
【参考答案】
一、
1.C [解析]考查代词。Many people 许多人对应的代词是they,空格处作宾语,应用宾格形式them。故选C。
2.C [解析]考查代词用法。enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心;过得愉快”,此处与前面的you相对应要用反身代词yourselves。故选C。
3.A [解析]考查代词辨析。联系逗号前的句子和关键词but推知,应该是没有人知道确切的日期。故选A。
4.A [解析]考查物主代词。这两个空后都没有名词,因此都用名词性物主代词。故选A。
5.A [解析]考查复合不定代词用法。空格处表示“一些事情”,且所在句为肯定句,应用something。故选A。
6.C [解析]考查不定代词辨析。根据答语可知否定了前面提到的两者,用neither。故选C。
7.B [解析]考查代词的辨析。第一空后的new classmate是名词,其前需用形容词性物主代词来修饰;第二空前的say hello to中to是介词,其后跟人称代词的宾格形式。故选B。
8.A [解析]考查代词。根据句意可知:说话人嫌这个房间太小了,想要换另外一间,表示“三者或三者以上的另一个……”,应用another。故选A。
9.A [解析]考查不定代词的用法辨析。根据“She made a card for her.”可知这里表示“什么东西也没给她买”,故用nothing。故选A。
10.C 11.B
12.C [解析]考查名词性物主代词。根据语境可知,只有“我”有伞,故用名词性的物主代词mine。故选C。
13.C [解析]考查不定代词用法辨析。根据“several几个;若干”判断数量是三者或三者以上;再根据转折连词but可知应用否定意义的none。故选C。
14.B [解析]考查物主代词词义辨析。联系语境,两者对话,此处指借用“你的”尺子,yours=your ruler。故选B。
15.C [解析]考查代词用法辨析。根据“我不在意”可知空格处表示“哪个都可以,前面提到了两个选择,”either表示两者中的任何一个。故选C。
16.B [解析]考查代词辨析。用代词one代替同类名词中的“一;一个”,符合句意“他计划为奶奶买一个”。故选B。
17.A
18.C [解析]考查不定代词辨析。another指另一个;the other指两者中的另一个;others指其他的,常用结构some… others…意为“一些……另一些……”。故选C。
19.B
20.B [解析]第一个空后没有名词,故用名词性物主代词hers; 第二个空作belong to的宾语,用人名即可。故选B。
21.A 22.B
23.C [解析]weather为不可数名词,下文再次出现时用that指代。故选C。
24.B [解析]考查不定代词的用法。用否定意义的不定代词nothing和形容词serious连用,说明“没有什么严重的”。故选B。
25.A [解析]考查固定句型。此句为“主语+find(s)+it+n./adj.+to do sth.”结构,it在句中作形式宾语。故选A。
26.B [解析]考查反身代词。主语是you, 反身代词要与主语保持一致。故选B。
27.B [解析]根据上文中the two subjects可知提及的是两个事物,结合下文“它们真的很有趣”可知上述两个科目对方都喜欢。故选B。
28.B
29.A [解析]考查代词。第一个空用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my ideas;agree with后跟人,with是介词,后跟宾格her。故选A。
30.C [解析]空格前in such a low voice(如此小的声音)可推断出,屋子里没人能听到她的声音。故选C。
二、1.him 2.ours 3.yourself 4.Its 5.them
6.Hers 7.ourselves 8.yours 9.her 10.themselves
三、1.any 2.some 3.some; some/any
4.some 5.some 6.Both 7.Neither/None
8.none 9.both 10.One 11.other 12.another
13.others 14.the other 15.the others
(共30张PPT)
语法互动04 数词
第一篇 语法突破篇
数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如one, two。表示顺序次第的数词叫序数词,如first, second。
考点一 基数词的构成
1.1—12独立成词,需逐个记忆。
2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。尤其要注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的正确拼写。
3.表示“整十”的基数词(20—90)都以-ty结尾。其中特别要注意twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty, ninety的正确拼写。
4.21—99的写法是“十位数-个位数”,中间用连字符号“-”连接。如:
36—thirty-six 97—ninety-seven
5.101—999的构成是百位数和十位数之间用and连接。如:
601—six hundred and one 755—seven hundred and fifty-five
[注意] hundred, thousand, million, billion等词前有具体数字时,不能加-s,也不与of连用; 无具体数字时,要加-s,且与of连用。
6.四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作千(thousand),第二个逗号读作百万(million),第三个逗号读作十亿(billion)。如:
94,295—ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five
7. “基数词-单数名词”相当于复合形容词,只能作定语,用于表示时间、距离等。如:
ten-minute walk 步行10分钟的路程
8.“基数词+more”与“another+基数词”意义相同,表示“再……,另外……”。如:
two more days=another two days另外两天
【针对训练】
1.—I hear you’ve got a “library” at home.
—Yes. I’ve already had books.?
A.hundred of B.hundreds of
C.five hundreds
B
2.Two students in our school are from the countryside.?
A.hundred of B.hundreds of
C.hundred
[解析]空前有数字two,故用hundred。故选C。
C
3.—Can you write the number sixty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
—Yes, it’s .?
A.65,662 B.65,626
C.56,662
B
4.[2018·河池改编] There are about three students in our school.?
A.thousands
B.thousands of
C.thousand
[解析]考查数词的用法辨析。当thousand前有具体的数字three等时,表示确数,thousand后不加-s,其后也不用of;当thousand前没有具体数字时,表示约数,thousand后加-s,也要加of。故选C。
C
5.The ice and snow in Harbin is beautiful, so every winter tourists come here.?
A.two million of B.millions of
C.million of
B
6.—Excuse me, Mary. Can you read “198” in English?
—Yes, of course. .?
A.One hundred ninety-eight
B.One hundred nine eight
C.One hundred and ninety-eight
[解析]考查数词辨析。分析数词可知:百位数和十位数之间要加and。故选C。
C
考点二 序数词的构成
1.序数词多数是由“基数词+-th”构成。如:six—sixth seven—seventh
2.以-y结尾的整十的数词,先将-y改为-ie,再加-th。如:twenty—twentieth seventy—seventieth
3.20以上的非整十的数词,将末位数(即个位数)改为序数词,其他位数仍用基数词。如:
twenty-one—twenty-first thirty-two—thirty-second
two hundred and ninety-eight—two hundred and ninety-eighth
4.少数序数词属于特殊情况。如:
one—first two—second three—third five—fifth
eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth
5.序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词最后的两个字母构成。如:
first—1st second—2nd third—3rd seventh—7th
【巧学妙记】 基数词变序数词歌诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th;一、二、三,特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d(first, second, third); 8去t(eighth), 9去e(ninth),-ve要用f替(fifth, twelfth); 遇-y变-ie,然后再加-th; 遇到“几十几”,只变个位就可以。
6.序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the;但如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再一;又一”;当序数词前有物主代词时,不需加the。如:
We’ve tried it twice. Must we try it a third time? 我们已经试过两次了,还必须再试一次(第三次)吗?
【针对训练】
1.This is my day to be here.?
A.a second B.the second
C.second
C
[解析]考查数词的用法。当序数词前有限定词时,不再用定冠词the。故选C。
2.You all failed in the exam yesterday, so I want to give you chance.?
A.one B.a second
C.the third
[解析]考查冠词和数词的用法。由“failed in the exam yesterday”可知应该是指再给一次机会。故选B。
B
3.It’s my daughter’s birthday today. She’s years old.?
A.eighteen B.eighteenth
C.the eighteen
[解析]考查数词的用法辨析。因为表示年龄需要用基数词,所以排除B;而基数词不与冠词连用,所以C项也排除。故选A。
A
4.My daughter is years old. Today is her birthday. ?
A.nine; nineth B.nine; ninth
C.ninth; nine
[解析]考查数词。表示“……岁”用基数词,表示“第……个生日”用序数词;nine的序数词为ninth。故选B。
B
5.It’s time for me to visit the Guanyin Lake. ?
A.five B.the five C.the fifth
[解析]考查序数词。根据语境可知,空格处表示次数。故选C。
C
考点三 数词的常用表达法及读法
常用表达法 举例
年份/年代表达法:年份要用基数词,每两位一读 1999—nineteen ninety-nine
日期表达法:日期要用“月+日的序数词”
①日,月,年
②月,日,年 7月2日—July 2nd
2017年8月23日—August 23rd,2017
（续表）
常用表达法 举例
房间、门牌等的表示 6路公共汽车—Bus No.6=the No.6 bus
202房间—Room 202
第57页—Page 57=the fifty-seventh page
幸福大街81号—No.81,Xingfu Street
Lesson One=the first lesson
（续表）
常用表达法 举例
时刻的表达法:表示时间有两种方法,一是顺读法,即“钟点数+分钟数”;二是倒读法(分钟小于或等于30分,用介词past; 分钟大于30分,用介词to) 7点整—seven o’clock
7点15分—seven fifteen=a quarter past seven
7点30分—seven thirty=half past seven
7点45分—seven forty-five=fifteen to eight
（续表）
常用表达法 举例
分数的表示:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于1,分母加-s。“分数+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由分数后的名词决定 1/3—one third
4/5—four fifths
小数和百分数 12.1—twelve point one
50%—fifty percent
（续表）
常用表达法 举例
“几十年代”“几世纪”或“在某人几十岁时”的表达法 20世纪80年代—in the 1980s
在60年代—in the sixties/in the 60s
在他四十多岁时—in his forties
在21世纪—in the 21st century
其他表达方式 一个半小时—one and a half hours=one hour and a half
步行十分钟的路程—ten minutes’ walk=ten-minute walk
【针对训练】
1.—Nowadays China has about 25,000 kilometers of high-speed railways.
—That’s of the world’s total.?
A.two thirds B.two third
C.two three
A
[解析]分数表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一时,分母加-s。空格处表示“三分之二”用two third。故选A。
2.Please turn to page and take a look at the picture on it.?
A.the eightieth B.eightieth
C.eighty
[解析]当表示“第……页(房间、组等)”时,常用“名词+基数词”。page eighty表示“第80页”。故选C。
C
3. The workers will complete the new bridge in .?
A.two and a half months
B.two months and half
C.two and a half month
[解析]two and a half months=two months and a half,意为“两个半月”。故选A。
A
4.According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only of men would do it.?
A.four fifth B.four fifths
C.two fifths
5.—How do you say “1:57” in English?
—It’s .?
A.three past two B.fifty-seven past one
C.three to two
C
C
6.—What’s the date today?
—It’s June , 2017.?
A.seventeen B.the seventeen
C.the seventeenth
C
|语法互动04 数词|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·河池改编] Please pass me book on the right.?
A.the four B.fourth C.the fourth
2.[2019·兰州] We gave away books to the school library last year.?
A.six thousands B.six thousand C.six thousands of
3.[2019·安顺] Nowadays, people like HUAWEI phones better, and about of them are adults.?
A.the number of, four-fifths
B.a number of, four-fifth
C.a number of, four-fifths
4.[2019·铜仁改编] There are floors in the building. We live on floor.?
A.the ninth; the ninth B.the ninth; nine
C.nine; the ninth
5.Tow months ago, China tested its aircraft carrier(航空母舰) built completely on its own. ?
A.one B.first C.the first
6.[2019·天水改编] of the students in our class going to summer camp in Beijing next week.?
A.Two fifths, is B.Two fifths, are C.Second fifths, is
7.Li Wen is a normal boy from the countryside. He works hard and does well in school.?
A.15 years old B.15-years-old
C.15-year-old
8.In our hometown, villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs.?
A.two hundreds of B.hundred of
C.hundreds of
9.The number “23,456” can be read as “ ”.?
A.twenty-three thousand, four hundred and fifty-six
B.twenty-three thousand and four hundred fifty-six
C.two three thousand and four five six
10.—How many hours do you sleep every night?
—About hours. From 9:00 pm to 6:00 am.?
A.nine B.nineteen C.ninth
11.Boys and girls, please turn to Page and look at the picture.?
A.Fifth; five B.Five; five C.Five; fifth
12.About of the teachers in their school are women.?
A.two three B.two threes C.two thirds
13.—What’s the time now?
—It’s .?
A.forty-two to five B.thirty-one past nine C.three to seven
14.—What’s the date today?
—It’s .?
A.the July fourth B.July the fourth
C.July the four
15.The meeting will be held in .?
A.102 Room B.NO. 102 Room C.Room 102
16.I was born .?
A.in her sixties B.in the sixties
C.in the sixtieth
17.He finished university in .?
A.twenty B.twenties C.his twenties
18.The old man bought eggs.?
A.three score B.three scores
C.three scores of
19.He wrote article on the computer.?
A.a 800-word B.800-words
C.an 800-word
20. is more interesting than .?
A.Lesson One; Lesson Two
B.The first lesson; second lesson
C.First lesson; the second lesson
二、用所给数词的适当形式填空
1.Thanksgiving Day is always on the (four) Thursday in November. ?
2.Father’s Day is on the (three) Sunday of June and it’s popular in the US.?
3. They are celebrating their daughter’s (twenty-one) birthday in the Garden Hotel.?
4.Three (four) of the students in our class like basketball.?
5. My grandfather showed an interest in Beijing Opera in his (fifty).?
6.They are busy organizing their (nine) School Day.?
7.Peter got a model ship from his uncle on his (ten) birthday.?
8.There are seven days in a week. And Thursday is the (five) day.?
9. There are (hundred) of sheep on the hill.?
10.The boy got the (one) place in the singing competition. ?
【参考答案】
一、
1.C [解析]考查数词辨析。这里book是单数,表达的是第四本,用序数词,序数词前用定冠词the。故选C。
2.B 3.C
4.C [解析]考查基数词和序数词。第一个空表示楼共有九层,用基数词nine;第二个空表示我们住在第九层,需用序数词。故选C。
5.B [解析]强调“第一艘”应用序数词,且前面有形容词性物主代词时,序数词前的the要省掉。故选B。
6.B [解析]考查分数的表达及主谓一致。英语中表达分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于一时,分母用序数词的复数形式。这里中心词是复数名词students,作主语时谓语用复数。故选B。
7.C [解析]考查复合形容词用法。表示年龄的复合形容词结构为“数字-名词单数-形容词”,15岁的可表示为“15-year-old”。故选C。
8.C 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.C 13.C 14.B
15.C [解析]Room 102意为“102室”。
16.B [解析]in the sixties意为“在60年代”。
17.C [解析]in one’s twenties 意为“在某人二十多岁时”。
18.A 19.C 20.A
二、1.fourth 2.third 3.twenty-first/21st
4.fourths 5.fifties 6.ninth 7.tenth
8.fifth 9.hundreds 10.first
(共52张PPT)
语法互动05 介词和介词短语
第一篇 语法突破篇
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一,特别是一些常用介词,它们的搭配力特别强,可用来表示多种意思。
考点一 时间介词的用法
词条 用法 举例
at 用来表示在具体的时刻或年龄 at 8:00在八点 at noon在中午
at night 在晚上 at the age of 15 在15岁时
on 用来表示在具体的某一天或特定的某一天的上午、下午或晚上 on June 1st在6月1日 on my birthday在我的生日
on a cold winter day在一个寒冷的冬天
On Saturday morning在周六上午
on the evening of September 10th
在9月10日的晚上
用在星期、节日前 on Monday在星期一 on Teachers’ Day 在教师节
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
in 用来表示在比一天长的时间里(如月份、季节、年份、学期、世纪等)或泛指在上午、下午或晚上 in October在10月份
in spring在春天
in 2016在2016年
in the 21st century在21世纪
in a few days几天后
in the morning/afternoon/evening
在早上/下午/晚上
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
during “在……期间”,用来表示在某一段特定的时间之内 during the summer holiday
在暑假期间
during those 20 days
在那20天里
for 后接时间段 I have been here for six years.
我在这儿六年了。
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
since 后接时间点或时间的分界线,或表示时间点的时间状语从句,常用于现在完成时 I have lived here since 2015.自从2015年以来我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here since ten years ago.自从10年前我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here since I was a child.自从我是个孩子时我就一直住在这儿。
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
from 后接开始的时间,常用搭配:from…to…从……到…… From now on, I’ll get up early.
从现在起,我将要早起。
before 在……之前 Please finish all the work before ten o’clock.
请在10点前完成所有的工作。
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
after 后接时间点,常用于一般将来时 I will go to school after seven o’clock.
我将在7点之后去上学。
表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后,可用于一般过去时 He finished school after three years.
他3年后毕业了。
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
by by+时间点(表过去),谓语常用过去完成时 By 2015, I had worked there for six years.
到2015年为止,我已经在那里工作6年了。
by+时间点(表将来),谓语常用将来完成时 By the end of this term, I will have learned 1,000 English words.到这个学期结束时,我将学完1000个英语单词。
until 表示动作持续到何时 We must work here until 10 o’clock.
我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·百色改编] We go to school Monday
to Friday every week.?
A.on B.for
C.from
C
[解析]考查介词。根据固定搭配from… to…(从……到……)可知选C。
2.[2018·梧州改编] —When do you usually visit your grandparents?
—I usually visit them Sundays.?
A.on B.in
C.of
[解析]考查介词用法。在“星期几”前用介词on。故选A。
A
3.Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races 9:00 am the morning of June 18.?
A.at; in B.at; on
C.on; on
[解析]考查介词用法。9:00 am表示某一具体时刻,故用介词at;而“the morning of June 18”表示“六月十八日上午”,是具体到了某一天的上午,应用介词on。故选B。
B
4.—How soon will we get the offer from a new high school?
— about two months.?
A.In B.For
C.Among
[解析]考查介词的用法。在一般将来时态的句子中,引导时间状语用介词in,表示“……之后”。故选A。
A
5.—How is your work going?
—It will be finished the end of this week. We must be on time.?
A.at B.in
C.on
[解析]考查介词词义辨析。固定短语at the end of 在……末尾;in the end of 指 “在 …… 的最后或结束部分”;on没有和end搭配的用法。根据句意指的是在这周末。故选A。
A
考点二 表示地点和方位的介词
表示地点和方位的介词有at, in, by, on, to, across, through, over, in front of, behind, under, near, inside, outside, beside, between, among, above, below等。
1.at, on, in和to
词条 用法 举例
at 后接较小的场所或具体地点 at home在家
at school 在学校
at the bus station 在公交站
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
on 与……表面接触 on the desk在书桌上 on the floor在地板上
表示接壤 Guangxi is on the west of Guangdong.
广西在广东的西边。
in 表示在较大的地方(国家、省、城市等) in the city在城市
in China 在中国
in Guangxi在广西
在周围环境是立体的地方 in the forest在森林里
in the classroom在教室里
（续表）
词条 用法 举例
to 在……范围之外,不接壤 Liuzhou is to the northeast of Nanning.柳州在南宁的东北部。
2.across, through, over 和past
词条 用法 例句
across “横过,穿过”,指从物体表面的一边到另一边 Go across the bridge, and you will see the hotel.
过了桥你就会看到那家宾馆。
through “穿过,透过”,指从某一物体的空间内部穿过 Go through the forest, and you will see a river.
穿过森林,你将会看到一条河流。
over “越过,翻过”,指从某一物体的上方越过,表面不接触 The plane flew over the mountains.
飞机从那些山峰的上方飞过。
（续表）
词条 用法 例句
past “经过”,指从某物旁边经过 The teacher saw the boy sleeping when he walked past the classroom.当老师经过教室时,他看到那个男孩正在睡觉。
3.in front of 和in the front of
词条 含义 例句
in front of “在……前面”(范围外) There is a tree in front of the classroom.
教室前面有一棵树。(教室外)
in the front of “在……前面”(范围内) Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
我们的老师站在教室的前面。(教室内)
4.between和among
词条 用法 例句
between 在两者之间 The school is between the supermarket and the bookshop.
学校在超市和书店之间。
among 在三者或三者以上的人或事物之间 She sits among us, like a student.
她坐在我们当中,像个学生。
5.over, above, under和below
词条 含义及用法
over “在……正上方”,不接触,其反义词是under,意为“在……正下方”。
above “在……的上方”,不接触,且不一定垂直,其反义词是below,意为“在……下方”。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·柳州] —Where is Kate?
—She is sitting next Lily.?
A.to B.in
C.on
A
[解析]考查介词。next to 紧挨着,紧靠着,是固定搭配。故选A。
2.[2019·北京改编] We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.?
A.on B.to
C.in
C
3.[2019·无锡] Let’s take a walk
the river after dinner, shall we??
A.along B.through
C.upon
[解析]考查介词辨析。用介词along表示“顺着;沿着”,符合句意“晚饭后我们沿着河边散步,好吗?”through通过,穿过; upon在……之上。故选A。
A
4.[2019·凉山] —Look, there is a cute bird, Mom.
—It flew into our kitchen the window just now, Alex. ?
A.across B.through
C.above
[解析]考查介词辨析。above在物体的上方,很容易排除C;across指的是从物体的表面穿过;through指的是从物体的内部穿过。结合语境,小鸟穿过窗户。故选B。
B
5.In the picture, he sits me, looking very happy.?
A.beside B.among
C.through
[解析]考查介词的辨析。beside意为“在……旁边”;among意为“在……之中”;through意为“穿过;通过”。这里表示在某人的旁边,选用beside。故选A。
A
6.—Excuse me, is there a computer room in your school?
—Yes. It’s the fifth floor.?
A.on B.in
C.at
[解析]考查介词的用法。在表示地点、位置时,on主要指在某物的表面,in指在某一空间或范围里,at表示在某一点的位置。故选A。
A
考点三 表示方式的介词
表示方式的介词有in, with, by, on等。
1.表示交通方式的介词by,in与on
词条 用法 例句
by 后接表示交通工具的单数名词,且名词前不加任何修饰词 I went to Beijing by plane.我坐飞机去的北京。
和一些与交通有关的名词连用,表示交通方式 I will go there by sea.
我将坐船去那里。
（续表）
词条 用法 例句
in 后接表示小型封闭的交通工具名词,且名词前有限定词 He goes to school in his father’s car.他坐他父亲的小汽车去上学。
on 后接开放性或大型交通工具名词,名词前有限定词,或用于固定短语,如on foot He goes to work on a bus every morning.他每天早上坐公交车去上班。
He went home on foot.
他步行回的家。
2.表示手段或工具的介词by,in,on与with
词条 用法 例句
by 凭借“工具或手段”,名词前不用冠词,若后接动词,用动名词 The work must be done by hand.
这个工作必须手工完成。
in 表示用某种材料以及语言、声音等,名词前不加冠词 He’ll make the speech in Chinese.
他将用中文做演讲。
on “以……方式”,用于手段、通信方式等 They talked on the phone.他们通过电话交谈。
（续表）
词条 用法 例句
with “用,以,借助于”,其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen.我用钢笔写的信。
【针对训练】
1.[2018·玉林改编] —It’s said that the best way to relax is exercise. ?
—I see. But you should keep away dangerous sports.?
A.with; from B.through; by
C.through; from
C
[解析]考查介词的用法。through通过;keep away from是固定短语,意为“远离……”,此处是指远离危险的体育活动。故选C。
2.[2018·河池改编] You can improve your English listening to English songs.?
A.by B.with
C.in
[解析]考查介词的用法辨析。by意为“用……方式,借助于”; with “和……一起;用……工具、材料”;in“在……里;用某种语言”。这里应该是“借助于听英文歌曲这一方式”。故选A。
A
3.More and more people in Qingdao go to work subway now.?
A.with B.on C.by
[解析]考查介词的用法辨析。表示“乘坐……交通工具”用by+交通工具名称。故选C。
C
4.—How do you learn English words?
— making flashcards.?
A.To B.By C.For
[解析]by意为“通过某种方式”。
B
考点四 其他常用介词的用法
词条 含义 例句
except 不包括后面所提的人或物,意为“除……之外” Everyone is very happy except him.除了他,每个人都很开心。
besides 包括后面所提的人或物,意为“除……之外还有” I learn English and maths besides Chinese.
除了语文,我还学习英语和数学。
for 给……,对……(而言);为了…… Let me do it for you.
让我替你做吧。
（续表）
词条 含义 例句
with 表示伴随,意为“和……一起” He came in with a book in his hand.他进来了,手里拿着一本书。
without 没有 He left without saying goodbye.他没说再见就走了。
as 意为“作为;以……身份”,表示事实 Let me speak to you as a father.让我以父亲的身份对你讲。
against 反对 He is against my opinion.
他反对我的观点。
【针对训练】
1.They all went to sleep me.?
A.beside B.except
C.except for
2.His article is good a few spelling mistakes.?
A.except B.except for
C.besides
B
B
3.Let’s put the piano over there,
the wall.?
A.above B.against
C.across
[解析]考查介词辨析。此处应用against表示“倚在,紧靠”之意。故选B。
B
4.—I’m thirsty.I’d like a glass of orange juice.What about you,Andy?
—I prefer a cup of tea nothing in it.?
A.with B.for
C.to
A
5.Our class are much sure to win the basketball game Class Three.?
A.of B.in
C.against
[解析]考查介词词义辨析。表“迎战……”用介词against。故选C。
C
考点五 含有介词的重点短语
在家 at home 在学校 at school
在工作 at work 立刻 at once
在晚上 at night
在一年中不好的时节 at a bad time of the year
在……的尽头 at the end of
在……的开始 at the beginning of
到达 arrive in/at
同意某人的观点 agree with sb.
以……开始 begin/start with
擅长于…… be good at 对……有害处 be bad for
充满 be full of 确信 be sure of/about
习惯于…… be used to 对某人要求严格 be strict with sb.
对某事要求严格 be strict in sth. 忙于某事 be busy with sth.
迟到 be late for 生某人的气 be angry with sb.
对某人感到满意 be pleased with sb.
对……感兴趣 be interested in
与……不同 be different from
以……为骄傲 be proud of
对……感到厌烦 be tired of 赶上 catch up with
依靠 depend on 在……方面做得好 do well in
用……装满…… fill…with… 与……相处 get on/along with
听说 hear of 收到……的来信 hear from
在某方面帮助某人 help sb. with sth.
在……的前面(外部) in front of
在……的前面(内部) in the front of
在户外 in the open air
最后,终于 in the end
及时 in time 匆忙,急忙 in a hurry
在阳光下 in the sun 事实上 in fact
处于困境中 in trouble 看 look at
寻找 look for 照顾,照看 look after/take care of
调查 look into 嘲笑 laugh at
动身去某处 leave for sp.
与……交朋友 make friends with
在某人回家的路上 on one’s way home
展出 on show/display
究竟,到底 on earth
在……顶部 on the top of
另一方面 on the other hand
值日;值班 on duty
步行 on foot
准时 on time
【针对训练】
1. Since you are danger, why not ask help??
A.in; for B.in; to
C.with; for
A
[解析]in danger为固定短语,意为“处在危险之中”;ask for help为固定短语,意为“寻求帮助”。故选A。
2.It’s not good to be late school.?
A.to B.for
C.from
3.—Can you come to my party this evening?
—Sorry, I can’t. I have to prepare my exams. ?
A.of B.for
C.about
B
B
4. When you’re invited to have dinner at home by an American friend, you should be or a little later. It’s different from our Chinese custom.?
A.on time B.on business
C.on show
[解析]on time意为“准时”;on business意为“出差”;on show意为“展出”。去美国人家里做客应“按时”到。故选A。
A
5.Oh, , if you see Lucy, tell her that I enjoy her Chinese paintings. ?
A.in fact B.by the way
C.in other words
[解析]考查短语辨析。in fact实际上; by the way顺便说一下;in other words换句话说。根据tell her that I enjoy her Chinese paintings可知,是顺便说一说。故选B。
B
6.We should be kind to the old and take care them in our daily life.?
A.of B.for C.with
[解析]take care of意为“照顾;照看”,为固定搭配。故选A。
A
|语法互动05 介词和介词短语|
语法综合演练
一、单项选择
1.[2019·广东改编] I think tea will taste better some milk in it.?
A.for B.with C.from
2.[2019·百色改编] My brother joined the army September last year.?
A.on B.by C.in
3.[2019·贵港改编] —Is Mr. Green at home?
—Sorry, I don’t know. But you can call him 340-5261.?
A.in B.at C.by
4.[2019·东营改编] A recent study in Australia shows that parents are the top five world’s hardest jobs.?
A.between B.among C.from
5.[2019·武汉改编] He wrote his phone number a piece of paper.?
A.on B.for C.in
6.[2019·福建] —Is that your headmaster?
—You mean the man blue??
A.on B.with C.in
7.[2019·铁岭改编] Humans can not make progress dreams.?
A.with B.without C.through
8.[2019·重庆B卷改编] I enjoy talking with my classmates our way to school. ?
A.on B.at C.in
9.[2019·青岛改编] The high-speed train Qingdao and Beijing travels faster now. The train ride takes only about three hours. ?
A.from B.among C.between
10.[2019·本溪改编] —Shall we stop and wait for others?
—Sounds good. I think they will catch up a few minutes.?
A.in B.after
C.for
11.[2019·贺州改编] Doing eye exercises is good our eyes. ?
A.at B to C.for
12.[2019·长沙] Yesterday our headmaster made a speech environmental protection, and we learned something about recycling of waste.?
A.on B.at C.to
13.[2019·河南改编] —Shall I help you the street, Grandpa??
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A.on B.with C.across
14.[2019·呼和浩特改编] Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily the windows.?
A.against B.across C.above
15.[2019·包头改编] He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.?
A.off B.on C.along
16.The monkey the tree was eating the bananas the tree then.?
A.on; at B.at; in C.in; on
17.Happy birthday, Peter! Here’s a gift you.?
A.for B.in C.with
18.You can go there my car.?
A.by B.in C.on
19.I’ve got tired walking and want to have a rest.?
A.of B.with C.for
20.The earth goes the sun.?
A.around B.through C.between
21. all the subjects, he is best English.?
A.Of; at B.Of; in C.In; in
22.Don’t be angry me. I meant no harm.?
A.with B.in C.on
23.Tom! You’re wanted the phone.?
A.in B.by C.on
24.Jack knows many other languages English.?
A.except B.besides
C.but
25.As we can see, the bridge is made stones.?
A.from B.by C.of
26.Bamboo can also be used walking sticks.?
A.as B.of C.from
27.I’m sure he’ll be back the end of this year.?
A.till B.by C.from
28.She had to make a living washing clothes at that time.?
A.on B.in C.by
29.Don’t be worried her safety. She’ll be OK.?
A.for B.about C.with
30.Can you give me some advice how I can improve my English??
A.in B.at C.on
31.You look pale. What’s wrong you??
A.with B.by C.on
32.This village is well-known its beautiful sights.?
A.to B.as C.for
33.His sister married well. She married a man with a good fortune.?
A.with B.by C.to
34.They usually go shopping their lunch break.?
A.against B.during C.among
35.—Sally is my best friend. She is always there whenever I’m . ?
—Yeah. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A.in order B.in trouble C.in public
二、根据句子意思,从方框中选择恰当的介词完成句子
across in by on without since over with to from of up off
1.Can you see your glasses??
2.My grandfather likes listening to music the radio.?
3.Our teacher told us to look these new words in the dictionary.?
4.Many children were swimming the river at that time.?
5.I usually go to school bike.?
6.I bought a house a big garden.?
7.The park is open 8:30 am 5:30 pm.?
8.Keep the grass!?
9.It’s kind you to invite me to your party.?
10.The rainbow hangs the river.?
11.When the traffic lights are red,we mustn’t go the street.?
12.We have learned English three years ago.?
【参考答案】
一、
1.B [解析]考查介词用法。由句意知,这里表示“伴随;带有”,应用with表达。故选B。
2.C [解析]表示在某一月份,使用介词in。故选C。
3.B [解析]考查介词的用法辨析。固定用法:“call sb. at+ 电话号码”意为“拨打……(电话号码)联系某人”。故选B。
4.B [解析]考查介词用法辨析。the top five world’s hardest jobs所表示的范围是三者以上,among在……中间,使用范围在三者或三者以上。故选B。
5.A [解析]考查介词。句意:他在一张纸上写下了他的电话号码。“在……上”用on。故选A。
6.C [解析]考查介词。in+某种颜色,意为“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。故选C。
7.B
8.A [解析]考查介词辨析。 on one’s way to sp. 是固定搭配。故选A。
9.C [解析]考查介词辨析。between…and 意为“……和……之间”是固定搭配。故选C。
10.A [解析]考查介词辨析。由句中的时态,一般将来时可确定,此处应该用“in+一段时间”表示多久以后。故选A。
11.C [解析]考查介词搭配。be good for对……有益。故选C。
12.A [解析]考查介词的用法。介词on有“关于”的含义,常用于表示report, lecture, speech的主题。故选A。
13.C [解析]考查介词辨析。on在……上;with和,有;across穿过。根据答语中“我自己能行”可知,此处指“帮助老人过马路”,across the street过马路。故选C。
14.A [解析]考查介词辨析。against反对,倚着;across穿过,横穿;above在……上面。根据短语beat against…(拍打……)可知选A。
15.A [解析]考查介词辨析。off偏离;on在……上面;along沿着。由后半句中的almost推知句意为:车几乎冲出道路。故选A。
16.C
17.A [解析]考查介词辨析。根据句意判断:Peter,生日快乐!这是送你的一份礼物。表示“为了;给”用介词for。故选A。
18.B [解析]句意:你可以坐我的小汽车去那里。in one’s car意为“坐某人的小汽车”。故选B。
19.A 20.A
21.A [解析]of all the subjects意为“在所有科目中”;be good at意为“擅长” 。故选A。
22.A [解析]be angry with sb.意为“生某人的气”。故选A。
23.C [解析]on the phone 意为“在电话里”。故选C。
24.B
25.C [解析]be made from意为“由……制成”,从成品看不出原材料;be made of意为“由……制成”,从成品能看出原材料。桥是石头做成的,从成品能看出原材料。故选C。
26.A [解析]be used as 意为“被用作……”。故选A。
27.B
28.C [解析]句意:那时,她不得不以洗衣服为生。by意为“通过”,后接方式。故选C。
29.B [解析]be worried about意为“担心……”,为固定搭配。故选B。
30.C [解析]on有“关于”的意思。some advice on意为“关于……的一些建议”。故选C。
31.A 32.C
33.C [解析]marry to sb.意为“嫁给某人”。故选C。
34.B [解析]句意:他们通常在午饭休息期间去购物。during意为“在……期间”。故选B。
35.B [解析]句意:“Sally是我最好的朋友。无论我何时 她总是出现。”“是的。患难见真情。”in order意为“按次序的,井然有序的”;in trouble意为“陷入困境”;in public意为“在公共场合”。根据语境可知选B。?
二、1.without 2.on 3.up 4.in 5.by 6.with
7.from; to 8.off 9.of 10.over 11.across 12.since
