牛津上海版高中二年级第一册英语 Unit 4 Big businesses 语言点学案（无答案）

Unit 4 Big businesses

【学习目标】
本单元重要单词、短语和句子。
【学习重难点】
本单元重要单词、短语和句子的使用。
【学习过程】
1．business n. ①商业, 生意（常为不可数名词）；商行，商店，公司（可数名词）
→ businessman n. 商人
be opened for business 开张营业 business card 名片
business computer 商用［事务］计算机 business contact 业务往来
business day 营业日 business department 营业部
business hours 营业时间 business trip 商务旅行
②事务，事情，个人私事 It's none of my / your business. 这不关我/你的事。
今年生意很糟糕。Business has been bad this year.
他在城里有一家商店。He has a business in the town.
2．In 1954, an American businessman called Ray Kroc was selling milkshake machines. One small drive-in hamburger stand in California bought not one but eight of these expensive machines. Surprised by this, Kroc decided to go and visit it.
drive-in adj. 免下车的，服务到车上的: drive-in banks / cinema n. 免下车餐馆/银行/影院等
stand 货摊，摊子: a newsstand 报摊 水果摊a fruit stand
我忍受不了你嘲笑他。（stand） I can’t stand your laughing at him.
现在为妇女说话的人越来越多。
(stand up for) More and more people stand up for women these days.
这汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗?
(stand up to) Will this car stand up to winter conditions here?
(stand up to / face up to 勇敢地抵抗，勇敢面对，顶得住。To是介词)
字母X 代表未知数。(stand for) The letter X stands for an unknown number.
not… but…“不是……，而是……”，是复合连词，连接两个对称的名词结构。如：Brown is not a lawyer but a doctor.
Not you but I ___am___ (be) to blame. （就近原则）
你应该注意那个单词，因为它有不止一个而是四个不同的含义。
You should pay attention to that word because it has not one but four different meanings.
重要的不是你说的，而是你做的。(It is… that…)
It is not what you say but what you do that matters / counts.
要注意这个结构是连词，not不要和谓语动词的否定交叉。
We learn not Chinese but English here. 我们这里学的不是中文，而是英文。(如果写成We don’t learn Chinese but English here. 意思就不同了。)
He went not to help his father but to borrow money from him.
他去不是帮他父亲的，而是去借钱。
be surprised at / by 对…感到惊讶: 我们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。
We were surprised at his strange behavior.
→ surprising adj. 令人惊讶的 We were greatly surprised at / by the surprising news.
3．When opened for business, the hamburger stand was immediately filled with customers.
be opened for business 开张营业
be filled with 充满了，挤满了，装满了 → be full of
听到这个坏消息，他心里充满恐怖。He was filled with horror at the bad news.
我们的生活每时每刻都会有挑战。Our life will always be filled with challenges.
4．The staff were cheerful, fast and polite. The food was excellent. Impressed by the cleanliness, service and food, Kroc looked up at the name over the hamburger stand．It read, ’McDonald's Hamburgers'.
staff n. 全体职员(集体名词) (参阅“主谓一致”)
The nursing staff of the hospital ____is___ (be) very large.
The nursing staff of the hospital _____is / are____ (be) having lunch.
这家全球著名的公司有5000多名员工。
This world-famous company has a staff of more than 5000.
impress vt. 留下印象
impress sth on / upon… → be impressed on / upon…
impress sb with… → be impressed by / with / at…
那护士以她的善良给我留下了印象。(impress… with…)
The nurse impressed me with her kindness.
他的话使我深深铭记心头。(be impressed on)
What he said was strongly impressed on my memory.
我被西湖的美极大地感动了。(be impressed with / at / by…)
I was greatly impressed by / with the beauty of the West Lake.
→ impression n. 印象, 感想, 盖印, 压痕
give sb a good impression = give a good impression to sb
= leave / make a good impression on sb 给…留下一个好的印象
他的发言给与会者留下了很深的印象。
His speech made a deep impression on the people present.
那个地方的美给了我很深的印像。
The beauty of the place gave me a deep impression.
look up 向上看, 仰望, 查寻, 拜访, 好转 look up to 尊敬，敬仰
当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。
When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary.
在回家的路上, 我去看望了一下我的一个老朋友。
On my way home, I looked up / dropped in on an old friend of mine.
情况正在好转! Things are looking up!
贝多芬(Beethoven)是一位众人敬仰的音乐家。
Beethoven was a musician that everybody looked up to.
→ look into朝里面看；还可以引申为“调查、研究”: 我们不久会调查这个事情。
We’ll look into the matter soon.
read 当表示“…上面写着；显示…读数”的时候，是不及物动词。
He found a note pinned to the door, ____,’film, 6o’clock, will call for you then’. （多项选择）
A．which was read B．which read C．which was written
D．which wrote E. reading F. on which were written
5．Although started six years earlier, in 1948, McDonald's was still a small business owned by two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald．Kroc suggested that they should set up more outlets, but the brothers were happy with their life and did not want to expand further.
suggest 后面的从句如果是表示一个要做而未做的事情，用虚拟语气，动词形式是“（should）+动词原型”。如：
He suggested that a meeting be held at once.
否则，就不用虚拟语气。
The smile on her face suggested that she was very happy to have given me a hand．
The parents suggested ___ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
A．sleep B．to sleep C．sleeping D．having slept
He came to my class every week, but his attitude _____ he was not really interested in the subject.
A．expressed B．described C．explained D．suggested
be sent to work there?
A．Who do you suggest B．Who do you suggest that should
C．Do you suggest who should D．Do you suggest whom should
Alice trusts you; only you can __ her to give up the foolish idea．
A．suggest B．attract C．tempt D．persuade
The old man insisted that he ____ money from the shop, and insisted that he _____.
A．did not steal, was set free B．did not steal, be set free
C．should not steal, should be set free D．not steal, should be set free
set up 建立, 创立, 竖立: Plenty of foreign firms have set up factories here. 很多外国公司已在这里开办工厂。
outlet 本指“出口，出路，通风口”等意思，这里指“销售点，商店”等。
如：a fast food outlet 快餐店 a retail outlet零售店
他们得为他们的工业品寻找新的市场。
They have to find new outlets for their products.
expand v. 扩大，膨胀，展开 (常指事物本身的面积或体积的膨大，区别于下面的extend)
他把他的小公司扩展成为世界著名的大公司。
He expanded his small company into a world-famous business.
The shipbuilding industry is rapidly expanding. 造船工业正在迅速发展。
空气受热膨胀。Air expands when heated．
→ expansion n. Heat causes the expansion of gases. 热使气体膨胀。

词汇辨析：
extend
①时间等的延长；内容等的延续；空间等的延伸
The headmaster extended our holiday by four days. 校长把我们的假期延长了四天。
This road extends as far as the riverside. 这条何一直延伸到河边。
②给予，施: I'd like to extend warm welcome to you. 我向各位表达热烈欢迎。
spread 一般指物体的展开（如鸟的翅膀）、铺开（如地图等），消息的传播，火、疾病的蔓延等。
The bird spread its wings. 这只鸟展开翅膀。
A wonderful sight spread before us. 一个美景展现在我们面前。
The fire spread from the factory to the houses near by. 火从工厂蔓延到附近的房舍。
The illness spread through the village. 这种病在村里蔓延开了。
The news of victory spread wide. 胜利的消息到处传开。
stretch 一般指肢体等的伸展，也可以是弹性物质的拉张等，如：stretch oneself 伸懒腰 stretch a rubber band 拉橡皮筋
He stretched his legs in front of him. 他往前伸腿。
I stretched out my hand towards the book. 我把手伸向这本书。
6．However, they did allow Kroc to launch other branches of McDonald's for them. That was the start of the biggest fast-food company in history.
allow v. 允许 allow / permit doing sth → allow / permit sb to do sth （类似：forbid, advise）
我们不允许抽烟，但是这一次我们允许你这样做。We do not allow smoking here, but this time we allow you to do so.
医生建议少吃油腻食品。（advise） Doctors advise eating less oily food．
launch v. 发射（卫星等）、开办（新企业）、开始
他们成功地发射了一颗人造卫星。(man-made)
They have launched a man-made satellite successfully.
很多公司都参与了该新产品开发项目。(participate)
A lot of companies have participated in the new product launch project.
branch n. 树枝；支流；分支
a branch of a river 河的支流
a branch of a railroad 铁路支线
a branch of knowledge 知识的分支
公司的总部在纽约，但它在全世界都有分公司。
The company's head office is in New York, but it has branches all over the world．
7．In 1955, Kroc opened his first McDonald's near Chicago, and many more swiftly followed．In 1959, the 100th McDonald's was opened．In 1961, Kroc took over complete ownership of the business from the brothers by paying them US $2．7million.
take over 接管，接任
George will take over his father's business soon. 乔治很快就要接管他父亲的事业了。
你退休后谁将接任工作？Who's going to take over when you retire?
中国于1997年接管了香港。China took over Hong Kong in 1997．
→ hand over 交出，移交: Hong Kong was handed over to China in 1997．
8．By 1972, a new McDonald's was being opened every day, and by 1974there were over 3,000 restaurants. McDonald's came to Hong Kong in 1975, and was introduced into Shenzhen in 1990. Two years later, the first McDonald's in Beijing opened with more than 40,000 customers on its first day.
introduce… into 把…介绍进；引进
Bungee is a kind of extreme sport that was introduced into China about 6years ago.
随着开放政策的实施，大量的国外科技被引进到中国来。
With the adoption of the opening policy, huge numbers of foreign technologies have been introduced into China．
9．Why has McDonald's been so successful? Back in 1956, McDonald's adopted the motto ’Q. S. C．& V.' These letters stand for ’Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value'. In all of these areas, McDonald's pays great attention to detail.
adopt v. 采纳，吸收；收养
今年学校采用了一套新的教材。A new set of textbooks were adopted by our school this year.
那个可怜的女孩子被一个老太太收养了。The poor girl was adopted by an old lady.
词汇辨析：
adapt vt. 使适应, 改编 adapt… to… / be adapted to
到了俄罗斯不久，他就适应了寒冷的气候。
He adapted himself to the cold weather shortly after he arrived in Russia．
stand for 代表，主张，支持
你知道那个标志代表什么吗？(sign) Do you know what that sign stands for?
pay attention to 注意(to是介词)
必须极大地注意发展农业。Attention should be paid to developing agriculture.
detail n. 细节；详情 vt. 详述, 细说
in detail 详尽地 go into details 涉及细节，详细地讲
→ detailed adj. 详细的, 逐条的
请你详细谈谈你在北京的经历好吗？ (go into details)
Would you please go into details about your experiences in Beijing?
请详述这次事故。 (in detail)
Give me all the details of the accident — tell me what happened in detail.
10．For example, after years of planning, McDonald's established its largest ever restaurant in Moscow in 1990.
establish v. 建立, 设立，创办 → set up
The discovery established his reputation. 这个发现建立了他的声望。
The company was established / set up in 1860.这家公司创办于一八六零年。
largest-ever 有史以来最大的 ever置于最高级后面，表示“有史以来最…”的意思
11．To achieve the right quality, potatoes are imported into Russia, and farmers are taught how to farm them properly, as well as how to harvest and pack them.
achieve vt. 完成, 达到，实现（其宾语通常是goal，aim等）
achieve one's purpose / goal / aim; achieve success; achieve victory
不努力则一事无成。You will achieve nothing without efforts.
他们通过努力最终获得国际上的承认。
They have finally achieved international recognition by working hard．
import n. / vt. 输入；进口；引进
import wool from Australia into China 从澳大利亚进口羊毛到中国
→ export n. / v. 输出 出口
import and export corporation进出口公司
as well as 也，又，以及
在大学里，他们既学中文，也学英文。
They study English as well as Chinese at college. / They study English at college, and Chinese as well.
He, as well as his friends, ____ (like) going there very much.
12．To achieve good service, McDonald's has one of the best training programmes in the world．It even has seven Hamburger Universities (one in Hong Kong) where top personnel can learn management and customer service skills.
top personnel 上层/管理人员
有关top的几个短语及句子
on top of in addition to; besides在…的顶峰；附加地，另外
You can enjoy a superb view of Shanghai on top of the East Pearl Tower.
On top of this, several other benefits are being offered．除此以外，其它几项好处正在出现。
on top of the world【非正式用语】非常高兴，狂喜
at the top of
She is at the top of her profession now. 她显示正处于她职业的顶峰。
He told me the news at the top of his voice.
top students of the class 班级里的优等生 （形容词） top ten 前十名
Paul came top in the examination. 保罗在考试中名列前茅。（形容词）
She topped her class. 她在她们班排名第一。（动词）
personnel n. 人员，职员（集体名词） adj. 人事的 Personnel Department 人事部
The company's main problem is the shortage of skilled personnel.
这家公司的主要问题是缺少有技术的人员。
The manager would like to address all personnel. 经理想对全体人员作个讲话。
词汇辨析：
personal adj. 个人的 This is my personal opinion. 这是我的个人看法。
13．While it does not yet have a restaurant on the Moon, no doubt a plan is already being made for one.
(There is) no doubt (that)… 毫无疑问，无疑地
毫无疑问他们会站在你一边。 (There is) no doubt that they will stand by your side.
What the doctors really doubt is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A．when B．how C．whether D．why
_____ no wonder that did not pass the exam. He had been playing video games all the time!
A．There is B．It is C．/ D．That